2005年4月自考全国统考综合英语(二)模拟试题2Read the two passages and answer the questions. (10 points)Passage 1A century ago, the overwhelming majority of people in developing countries worked with their hands: on farms, in domestic service, in small craft shops and ( at that time still a small minority) in factories. Fifty years later, the proportion of manual workers in the American labor force had dropped to around half, and factory workers had become the largest single section of the workforce, making up 35% of the total. Now, another 50 years later, fewer than a quarter of American workers make their living from manual jobs. Factory workers still account for the majority of the manual workers, but their share of the total workforce is down to around 15%-－more or less back to what it had been 100 years earlier.Of all the big developed countries, America now has the smallest proportion of factory workers in its labor force. Britain is not far behind. In Japan and Germany, their share is stillaround a quarter, but it is shrinking steadily. To some extent this is a matter of definition. Data-processing employees or a manufacturing firm, such as the Ford Motor Company, are counted as employed in manufacturing, but when Ford out-sources its data processing, the same people doing exactly the same work are instantly redefined as service workers. However, too much should be made of this. Many studies in manufacturing businesses have shown that the decline in the number of people who actually work in the plant is roughly the same as the shrinkage reported in the national figures.51. The proportion of factory workers in the workforce a century ago was around-------------A. 15%B. 50%C. 35% d. 85%52. It can be inferred from this passage that-------------------A. most people in developed countries work with their hands.B. workers in American manufacturing are not defined manual workers.C. There are actually fewer factory workers in American industry than has not been reported.D. The proportion of factory workers is seen as a measure of a nation’s economy.53. The number of factory workers in other developed countries--------------.A. is on the riseB. is decreasing graduallyC. has remained unchangedD. will surpass that of farm laborers54. “Service workers”( in line 8, paragraph 2) most probably refers to--------------.A. manual workers in factoriesB. those who make their living other than by manual workC. farm laborersD. craftsmen in workshops55. Which of the following statements best summarized the main idea of the passage?A. Manual workers’contribution to capitalist developmentB. Today’s conditions for American factory workersC. Evolutions in labor force over a century in developed countriesD. Working people in developed countriesWestern civilization arose in the Near East and spreadeventually to North America and other continents. For two thousand years, however, it had been intimately associated with Europe. A mere peninsula of Asia, Europe is, except for Australia, the smallest of the continents. Its population, ever counting offshoots overseas, has never been more than a minority of mankind. Yet it has played a towering role in the world. The extraordinary length and irregularity of its coast line－a veritable lacework of bays, inlets, channels, and internal seas－and a rich system of riverways brought Europeans close to one another and gave them access to the rest of the world. Although it is situated in the same latitudes as Canada, Europe has a moderate climate and a fairly regular rainfall. The resources of the continent are sufficiently modest to exact effort and forethought and sufficiency ample to reward them. They have neither the luxuriance that makes man lazy and improvident nor the barrenness that makes him niggardly and takes away his hope.56. The main theme of this passage is that------.A. Western civilization arose in the Near EastB. Conditions in Europe favored the growth of Western civilizationC. The coastline of Europe is a lacework of bays, inlets,channels and internal seasD. Luxuriance makes may lazy and improvident57. The passage says that--------------A. Europe and Australia are the smallest and next smallest continents, respectively.B. Australia and Europe are the smallest and next smallest continents, respectively.C. Asia and Europe are the two smallest continents.D. Asia is older than Europe58. Which of the following was not mentioned as one of Europe’s qualities?A. Conditions were good for shippingB. Resources were neither too plentiful nor to scarceC. Western civilization arose in the Near EastD. The climate was not severe59. The passage implies that--------does not have a moderate climate.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. EuropeD. Asia60. The author feels that society progresses best when-------------.A. conditions are extremely hard so the people hope to better themselvesB. the people can, through their labor, attain a comfortable lifestyleC. the people live in luxuryD. the government has a strong but fair leaderPart Two (40 Points)V.词形转换。
