天津大学试卷专用纸-天津大学研究生e-Learning平台
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天津大学试卷专用纸学院专业班年级学号姓名共4页第1页(A)三、辨析题(判断正误,并说明理由。
每小题6分,共12分。
)1、在人们的物质生活条件中,生产方式是社会历史发展的决定力量。
正确.第一,物质资料的生产方式既是人类产生和存在的基础,也是人类社会产生和存在的基础。
第二,生产方式是社会其他一切社会关系和社会活动的基础。
生产方式既为社会其他活动提供基础,又对其他社会活动起制约作用。
第三,生产方式决定社会制度的性质和社会制度的更替2、具体劳动和抽象劳动是不同劳动过程的两个方面。
错误.同一劳动过程的两个方面.四、简答题(每小题6分,共24分。
)1、意识的能动作用主要表现在哪些方面?①意识活动的目的性和计划性;②意识活动的创造性;③改造世界是意识能动性最突出的表现;④意识活动能在一定条件下控制人的生理活动。
意识对物质的能动作用只有在尊重客观规律并依赖于一定的物质条件的基础上,通过实践活动才能实现。
2、真理的绝对性和相对性各自具有哪两方面的含义?(1) 任何真理都是对客观事物及其规律的正确反映,包含有不能被推翻的客观内容,这是无条件的、绝对的(2) 人类的认识,按其本性来说,是能够认识无限发展的物质世界的,每一真理都是对无限物质世界的接近,这也是无条件的、绝对的(1) 任何真理都有一定广度,都是对整个世界某一领域、某一方面的正确认识,因而是有条件的、相对的(2) 任何真理都有一定深度,都是对事物一定深度、层次的近似正确的反映,因此是有条件的、相对的3、人民群众在创造历史过程中的决定作用主要表现在哪些方面?①人民群众是社会生产力的体现者。
②人民群众是社会物质财富的创造者。
他们的实践活动提供社会存在和发展的物质基础。
③人民群众是社会精神财富的创造者。
他们的实践经验是精神财富的源泉,同时他们也直接参加了精神财富的创造活动。
④人民群众是变革社会制度的决定力量。
4、价值规律的作用表现在哪些方面?有哪些消极后果?①自发地调节社会劳动(生产资料和劳动力)在各部门的分配,调节商品的生产和流通。
OCT技术是近十几年发展起来的一种光学成像技术,在科学研究和医学临床应用中有广泛的发展前景,选题合理。
请尽快确定课题完成方式,完善相关技术路线,开展课题调研论证工作。
85光学相干层析技术OCT的原理及应用光学相干层析技术(Optical coherence tomography)即OCT是近十几年发展起来的一种光学成像技术。
OCT的基础是白光干涉,利用弱相干光干涉原理,检测生物系统内部不同深度的背向反射或几次散射信号,并通过扫描得到组织二维或三维深度结构图像,可进行活体眼组织显微镜结构的非接触式、非侵入性断层成像。
OCT已经成为继X线计算机断层扫描成像、超声波成像和核磁共振成像技术之后,又一个重要的断层成像技术。
OCT被认为是很有发展前途的一种新型生物医学成像技术,在科学研究和医学临床应用中有广泛的发展前景,目前已经在眼前节和眼后节成像方面得到成熟的应用。
医学成像技术分类:X线成像:其成像系统检测的信号是穿透组织后的X线强度,反映人体不同组织对X线吸收的差别。
探测深度无限,但是成本比较高,对人体有害,分辨率较低。
超声成像技术:系统检测的信号是超声回波,超声波遇到不同组织或器官界面时,将发生不同程度的反射和投射,通过信号的处理得到组织图像。
成本较高,探测深度为20-30mm。
磁共振成像:系统检测信号是生物组织中的原子核所发出的磁共振信号,经光电探测器接收后,显示体层内的组织形态和生理信息。
成本最高,探测深度为100微米以下。
OCT成像技术:利用弱相干光干涉原理,利用光电探测器接收生物组织不同深度层的散射光信号,通过扫描得到生物组织二维或三维结构图像,可进行活体组织的非接触性、非侵入性断层成像。
OCT主要用于组织的断层成像,其成像分辨率高,有利于早起病变的检测。
OCT的特点:1、非侵入性:光源的发射功率对生物组织是没有损害的,可用光源直接照射,避免了对病变组织做病理切片的这种具有一定破坏性的方法。
2、高灵敏度:在OCT成像技术中引入了外差探测,不仅可以探测调幅的光信号,还可以探测频率及相位调制的光信号。
Unit 5At staff room1. What day is it? Who found the office door unlocked over the weekend, and when? Who was thought to be responsible? What might be the consequence he has to face, and why does it have to be so serious a penalty?It’s Monday.Johnson found the office door unlocked over the weekend when he came in earlier this morning.Look(音是这个,但我不知这个名字怎么拼) was thought to responsible. He might be fired because of this.Because he has messed up some phone messages and he has come late a few times.2. Why is Steve certain that it was him rather than anyone else who is to blame for the whole thing? If you were Steve, what would you do and why? If you were Steve’s boss, what would you think of Steve and what would be your decision and why?First of all, Look definitely left before he did because he stayed a little late on Friday to finish some work. Second he recalled that he was worried about being late for the date which he almost forgot, so he left in a hurry. He didn’t even think about locking the door.If I were Steve, I would do the same. On one hand, if I don’t tellthe truth, someone innocent maybe punished on my account. On the other hand, if they finally find out that it was me other than some one else, the result will only be worse. As it says, the truth will go on. So I choose to be honest.I will think of Steve as the kind of person you can trust. Because he honestly told the truth knowing that he might be fired.Maybe I’ll only cut down his wages instead of some serious penalty to let him learn the lessons and be more careful in the future.Panel discussion: a drop in values?1. Are people on the panel in agreement that there is a drop in values? What does each speaker say to support that view?Tom doesn’t think the human nature has changed a lot. He thinks that most people still have essential moral values. But when people are face with situations where they could lose something or have something tremendous to gain by being honest, the human nature is tend to fudge the truth a little. Also when he was in school he lived in a town where that everybody was very friendly. They can trust each other. They never locked their house.Linda don’t say her opinions directly. But we can learn from her words that she doesn’t agree. But there are still time when you prefer not to tell the whole truth. She thinks it’s important for someone to come out and say maybe what other people don’t want to hear or to say somethingthat is against the concept of the office and present a new point of view.Adrain agrees. Because about 3.5 years ago, a stranger who had found his lost credit card returned it to him without hesitation.2. To what extent do you agree on the view “human nature tends to fudge the truth a little bit when it is beneficial to do so”? Do you think it is part of human nature to be tolerated or discouraged, and is it possible to discourage it? Why and how? (at least 150 words)I think the view “human nature tends to fudge the truth a little bit when it is beneficial to do so” does make sense. We have to admit we can’t find a person who is always telling the truth. There can be kinds of reasons, either good or bad. For example, you may say “well done” to your partner while actually he does have made a lot of mistakes. But you try not to discourage him. It explains a lot. Sometimes we have to fudge it a little in order not to hurt his self respect. So I think it’s part of human nature to be tolerated. In some occasions the truth hurts and can be very hard to accept. But we can’t do like this every time regarding of the results. Maybe only by telling the truth can we help him realize his own problem and correct it. So use it properly.Unit 6Time traveler1. What was the guy doing when he suddenly found himself in a completely different world? What are some of the cultural shocks he’sexperienced in this world?He was giving his wife a red boa for her birthday.First, he has a problem communicating with them because there are many words that he has never heard before such as an ID card, driver’s license, a credit card an ATM card and something like t hat. What’s more even the restroom and the bathroom have different meanings. He thinks a hot dog as a real dog. Of course, he has never seena cellphone because he was form the 1900s.2. Some science fictions on time travel are mainly about cultural shocks. Can you conceive of a time traveler of our time going back to 1960’s or even earlier, or vice versa? What would be some of the cultural shocks the traveler would encounter? Make a list of them or conceive a conversation as the traveler first sets foot in the different world.(1)He might be shocked that women and men seldom talk to each other unless they’re married.(2)A mother can give birth to 10 babies or even more.(3)Learned people are not as welcomed as today. People are encouraged to go to the fields.(4)Many people go to the countryside while people of our ages are making every effort to live in the city.Panel discussion: cultural shock or feeling of going back home?1. Tom went to Japan back in the 70’s, yet felt like being home, with noexperiences of cultural shocks. Does Tom explain why? What do you think may be an explanation for this? What does Peter think is a shame for tourists? Why?No.He said that he felt familiar and felt like at home. The reason might be that he had learned a lot about the Japanese culture before he went there. Perhaps he had seen many videos or read some books related to Japan.Peter thinks it is a shame for tourists that when they go abroad, they just stayed in a restrict instead of going out or venturing out to experience the customs and the traditions of the people who live there.He thinks that in such a big world we have l lot of things to learn. So we shouldn’t just lie in the swimming pool.2. What would you anticipate being in a different culture? Would it be a smooth transition or a difficult one? Does knowing the local language help? Would it make any difference if you were a visitor or someone intending for a much longer stay? What do you think could help to make the transition easier? (at least 150 words)If I were in a different culture, I could be totally freaked out because people can do things in a contrary way. Maybe I even don’t know which way to go.I guess it will be a very difficult transition for I’m the kind of person whohas a big problem getting used to the changes.Knowing the language helps a lot.It can be so different for a visitor and a person intending for a much longer stay. Visitors don’t contact with the natives as much as the longer To make the transition easier, you need to be fully prepared. You can take a language class if only to make sure that the local people can understand you when you are asking for help. You should also learn the customs there in case you make cultural mistakes and give them a wrong message that you do not respect them.Unit 8Describing a person’s qualities1. What do the co-workers say about Mildred in their gossip? What words does Lisa use to refer to Ramona, who rejects to be part of the gossip?They say that Mildred is one of those people who never gets the joke. She is out of it. She is cheap to spend money on clothes. So they think she always dresses strangely.She calls Ramona Miss goodie-goodie. (这个词也是光听出音来了,具体咋拼清楚,意思就是说这个女的充当老好人。