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HateSuddenly the war was over, and Hitler was captured and brought to Amsterdam. A military tribunal condemned him to death. But how should he die? To shoot or hang him seemed too quick, too merciful. Then someone uttered what was in everybody’s mind: th e man who caused such incredible suffering should be burned to death.“But,” objected one judge, “our biggest public square in Amsterdam holds 10,000 people, and 7,000,000 Dutch men, women and children will want to be there to curse him during his dying m oments.”Then another judge had an idea. Hitler should be burned at the stake, but the wood was to be ignited by the explosion of a handful of gunpowder set off by a long fuse which should start in Rotterdam and follow the main road to Amsterdam by way of Delft, The Hague, Leiden and Haarlem.Thus millions of people crowding the wide avenues which connect those cities could watch the fuse burn its way northward to Herr Hitler’s funeral pyre.A plebiscite was taken as to whether this was fitting punishment. There was 4, 981, 076 yeas and one nay. The nay was voted by a man who preferred that Hitler be pulled to pieces by four horses.At last the great day came. The ceremony commenced at four o’clock on a June morning. The mother of three sons who had been shot by the Nazis for an act of sabotage they did not commit set fire to the fuse while choir sang a solemn hymn of gratitude. Then the people burst forth into a shout of triumph.The spark slowly made its way from Rotterdam to Delft, and on toward the great square in Amsterdam. People had come from every part of the country. Special seats had been provided for the aged and the lame and the relatives of the murdered hostages.Hitler, clad in a long yellow shirt, had been chained to the stake. He preserved a stoical silence until a little boy climbed upon the pile of wood surrounding the former Fuhrer and placed there a placard which read, “This is the world’s great est murderer.” This so aggravated Hitler’s pent-up feeling that he burst into one of his old harangues.The crowd gaped, for it was grotesque sight to see this little man ranting away just as if he were addressing his followers. Then a terrific howl of derision silenced him.Now came the great moment of the day. About three o’clock in the afternoo n the spark reached the outskirts of Amsterdam. Suddenly there was a roll of drums. Then, with an emotion such as they had never experienced before, the people sang the Willhelmus, the national anthem. Hitler, now ashen-gray, futilely strained at his chains.When the Willhelmus came to an end, the spark was only a few feet from the gunpowder; five more minutes, Hitler would die a horrible death. The crowd broke forth to a shout of hate. A minute went by. Another minute. Silence returned. Now the fuse had only a few inches to go. And at the moment the incredible happened.A wizened little man wriggled through the line of soldiers standing guard. Everybody knew who he was. Two of his sons had been machine-gunned to death by the parachute troops; his wife and three daughters had perished in Rotterdam’s holocaust. Since then, the poor fellow had seemed deprived of reason, wandering aimlessly about and supported by public charity --- an object of universal pity.But what he did now made the crowd turn white with anger. For he deliberately stampedupon the fuse and put it out.“Kill him! Kill him!” the mob s houted. But the old man quietly faced the menacing populace. Slowly he lifted his both arms toward heaven. Then in a voice charged with fury, he said: “Now let us do it all over again!”仇恨战争突然停止了。
名篇名译0011.原文：It is an ill wind that blows nobodygood.译文：世事皆利弊并存。
赏析：原句结构比较特殊（"Itis…that…"），理解起来有点困难。
“对谁都没有好处的风才是坏风”，也就是说大多数情况下风对人都是有好处、有坏处，在引申一步就是成了上面的译句。
林佩耵在《中英对译技巧》一书中（第68页）还给了几个相同结构的英文句子。
翻译的前提是理解。
有人指出。
市面上见到的翻译作品，有好多都带有因理解不正确而产生的低级错误，“信”都谈不上还妄谈什么“达”和“雅”！初学翻译的朋友，在理解原文上当不遗余力。
2.原文：Their languag e was almostunrestr ainedby any motiveof prudenc e.译文：他们几乎爱讲什么就讲什么，全然不考虑什么谨慎不谨慎。
赏析：如果硬译，译文势必成了“他们的言论几乎不受任何深思熟虑的动机的约束”。
译者本其译，化其滞，将原句一拆为二，充分运用相关翻译技巧，译文忠实、通顺。
3.原文：Get a livelih ood,and then practis e virtue.译文：先谋生而后修身。
（钱钟书译）赏析：原句是祈使句，译句也传达出了训导的意味。
用“谋生”来译“Getalivelih ood"，用“修身”来译“practis e virtue",可谓精当。
巧的是，原句七个词，译句也是七个汉字。
4.原文：I enjoy the clean voluptu ousnes s of the warm breezeon my skin and the cool support of water.译文：我喜爱那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清亮的流水把我的身体托浮在水面。
The BlanketFloyd DellPetey hadn’t really believed that Dad would be doing it—sending Granddad away. “Away” was what they were calling it. Not until now could he believe it of Dad.But here was the blanket that Dad had that day bought for him, and in the morning he’d be going away. And this was the last evening they’d be having together. Dad was off seeing that girl he was to marry. He’d not be back till late, and they could sit up and talk.It was a fine September night, with a silver moon riding high over the gully. When they’d washed up the supper dishes they went out on the shanty porch, the old man and the bit of a boy, taking their chairs. “I’ll get me fiddle,” said the old man, “and play ye some of the old tunes.” But instead of the fiddle he brought out the blanket. It was a big, double blanket, red, with black cross stripes.“Now, isn’t that a fine blanket!” said the old man, smoothing it over his knees. “And isn’t your father a kind man to be giving the old fellow a blanket like that to go away with? It cost something, it did—look at the wool of it! And warm it will be these cold winter nights to come. There’ll be few blankets there the equal of this one!”It was like Granddad to be saying that. He was trying to make it easier. He’d pretended all along it was he that wanting to go away to the great brick building—the government place, where he’d be with so many other old fellows having the best of everything.... But Petey hadn’t believed Dad would really do it, until this night when he brought home the blanket.“Oh, yes, it’s a fine blanket,” said Petey, and got up and went into the shanty. He wasn’t the kind to cry, and, besides, he was too old for that, being eleven. He’d just come in to fetch Granddad’s fiddle.The blanket slid to the floor as the old man took the fiddle and stood up. It was the last night they’d be having together. There wasn’t any need to say, “Play all the old tunes.” Granddad tuned up for a minute, and then said, “This is one you’ll like to remember.”The silver moon was high overhead, and there was a gentle breeze playing down the gully. He’d never be hearing Granddad play like this again. It was as well Dad was moving into that new house, away from here. He’d not want, Petey wouldn’t, to sit here on the old porch of fine evenings, with Granddad gone.The tune changed. “Here’s something gayer.” Petey sat and stared out over the gully. Dad would marry that girl. Yes, that girl who’d kissed him and slobbered over him, saying she’d try to be agood mother to him, and all.... His chair creaked as he involuntarily gave his body a painful twist.The tune stopped suddenly, and Granddad said: “It’s a poor tune, except to be dancing to.” And then: “It’s a fine girl your father’s going to marry. He’ll be feeling young again, with a pretty wife like that. And what would an old fellow like me be doing around their house, getting in the way, an old nuisance, what with my talk of aches and pains! And then there’ll be babies coming, and I’d not want to be there to hear them crying at all hours. It’s best that I take myself off, like I’m doing. One more tune or two, and then we’ll be going to bed to get some sleep against the morning, when I’ll pack up my fine blanket and take my leave. Listen to this, will you? It’s a bit sad, but a fine tune for a night like this.”They didn’t hear the two people coming down the gully path, Dad and the pretty girl with the hard, bright face like a china doll’s. but they heard her laugh, right by the porch, and the tune stopped on a wrong, high, startled note. Dad didn’t say anything, but the girl came forward and spoke to Granddad prettily: “I’ll not be seeing you leave in the morning, so I came over to say good-by.”“It’s kind of you,” said Granddad, with his eyes cast down; and then, seeing the blanket at his feet, he stopped to pick it up. “Andwill you look at this,” he said in embarrassment, “the fine blanket my son has given me to go away with!”“Yes,” she said, “it’s a fine blanket.” She felt of the wool, and repeated in surprise, “A fine blanket—I’ll say it is!” She turned to Dad, and said to him coldly, “it cost something, that.”He cleared his throat, and said defensively, “I wanted him to have the best...”The girl stood there, still intent on the blanket. “It’s double, too,” she said reproachfully to Dad.“Yes,” said Granddad, “it’s double—a fine blanket for an old fellow to be going away with.”The boy went abruptly into the shanty. He was looking for something. He could hear that girl reproaching Dad, and Dad becoming angry in his slow way. And now she was suddenly going away in a huff.... As Petey came out, she turned and called back, “All the same, he doesn’t need a double blanket!” And she ran up the gully path.Dad was looking after her uncertainly.“Oh, she’s right,” said the boy coldly. “Here, Dad”—and he held out a pair of scissors. “Cut the blanket in two.”Both of them stared at the boy, startled. “Cut it in two, I tell you, Dad!” he cried out. “And keep the other half!”“That’s not a bad idea,” said Granddad gently. “I don’t need so much of a blanket.”“Yes,” said the boy harshly, “a single blanket is enough for an old man when he’s sent away. We’ll save the other half, Dad; it will come in handy later.”“Now, what do you mean by that?” asked Dad.“I mean,” said the boy slowly,” that I’ll give it to you, Dad—when you’re old and I’m sending you—away.”There was a silence, and then Dad went over to Granddad and stood before him, not speaking. But Granddad understood, for he put out a hand and laid it on Dad’s shoulder. Petey was watching them. And he heard Granddad whisper, “It’s all right, son—I knew you didn’t mean it....” And then Petey cried.But it didn’t matter—because they were all three crying together.译文：一床双人毛毯（美）弗罗伊德•戴尔晴朗的九月的夜晚，银色的月光洒落在溪谷上。
●汉译英暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合在一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。
也就在这一幅绚烂的图画旁边，在河湾之畔，一群羊正在低头觅食。
他们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。
也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。
这是黄河滩上的一幕。
牧羊人不见了，他不知在何处歇息。
只有这些生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。
这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的。
如果走近了，你会发现它们洁白的牙齿，以及那丰富而单纯的表情。
●汉译英参考译文At dusk the whole river bend was colored with rosy evening clouds, meeting the glowing horizon in the distance so as to blur the borderline [and thus allowing for nobody to make a distinction] between the drifting clouds and the flowing water.Beside this picture with profusions of colors, a group of sheep were lowering their heads, eating by the river bank. Hardly any of them would spare some time to raise their eyes to have a glance at the beautiful dusk. They were, perhaps, taking use of every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home. This is a picture of the Y ellow River bank, in which the shepherd disappeared, and no one knows where he was resting himself. Only the sheep, however, as free creatures, were joyfully enjoying the dusk. The exuberant water plants had nourished the sheep, making them grow as fat as butter. When approaching nearer, you will see their pearl-white teeth and a variety of innocent facial expressions.●英译汉Scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos, the most basic constitutions of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the actions, and inactions, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller, faster, and richer. Still, 9/11 and avian flu remind us that a smaller, faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge – but desperately in need of wisdom. Now when sound bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow more crazy, college graduates capable of deep reflection are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed – and I believe even more strongly today – in the unique and irreplaceable mission of universities.●英译汉参考译文:科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。
Lesson 11.3 美国副总统复旦演讲韩市长，非常感谢您！谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。
今天我们很高兴来到这里。
我和我夫人为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。
感谢贵国对我们的欢迎，特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。
我们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们！我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。
我知道在座的许多人很快就要从这所优秀的大学毕业。
我听说贵校有极为严格的标准，得到复旦大学的学位代表着多年的刻苦攻读和自我约束。
我祝贺在座各位学业有成。
对各位老师坚持复旦大学99年追求卓越的传统我深表钦佩。
1.4 Speech by Wang Guangya at Princeton UniversityLadies and Gentlemen,Good evening.I am honored to be invited to your seminar tonight. For me, for my colleagues and for many other Chinese, Princeton has long been a familiar name. With a history longer than the country, it has produced many outstanding people,Woodrow Wilson, the 28th US president, Albert Einstein, the great scientist, and T. S. Eliot, the famous poet, to name but a few. As former president Bill Clinton said in 1996 at the celebrations for the 250th anniversary of Princeton,“At every pivotal moment in American history, Princeton, its leadership, faculty and its students have played a crucial role.”I am more pleased to learn that all of you have a keen interest in China. Though our two countries are geographically far apart, we have a great deal incommon in the everyday life. While many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald’s fast food, many Americans find that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China. I hope that today’s seminar will help you gain a better understanding of China and its foreign policy, thus deepening further our friendship and cooperation.1.5 新工厂落成典礼上的讲话各位尊敬的来宾，女士们，先生们：下午好！欢迎大家前来参加我们公司在中国的首家新厂房的落成典礼！感谢各位拨冗光临，与我们共同庆祝这一盛大的活动！我谨代表公司对今天来参加典礼的各位供应商、客户嘉宾、各位员工和业务伙伴说声“谢谢！”公司管理层深深为我们的新工厂感到骄傲，我们能干的员工感到骄傲，他们发展了工厂的业务，使之达到国际水平。
126专八翻译练习汉译英50篇及参考译文Translate the underlined part of the text into English.1．在兽类中我最爱虎，在虎的故事中我最爱下面的一个。
深山中有一所古庙，几个和尚在那里过着单调的修行生活。
同他们做朋友的，除了有时上山来的少数乡下人外，就是几只猛虎。
虎不惊扰僧人，却替他们守护庙宇。
作为报酬，和尚把一些可吃的东西放在庙门前。
每天傍晚，夕阳染红小半个天空，虎们成群地走到庙门口，吃了东西，跳跃而去。
庙门大开，僧人们安然在庙内做他们的日课，也没有谁出去看虎怎样吃东西，即使偶尔有一二和尚立在门前，虎们亦视为平常的事情，把他们看做熟人，不去惊动，却斯斯文文地吃完走开。
如果看不见僧人，虎就发出几声长啸，随着几阵风飞腾而去。
2．光绪二十六年，八国联军攻占北京。
慈禧太后弃城而走，一直逃到西安。
和谈开始后，她并未马上返回北京。
起初，外国列强的要求里面有一项是让慈禧太后退位，由光绪帝重新执掌朝廷。
不过，在与李鸿章多次会谈后，他们放弃了这一要求。
第二年正式签署和约，随后过了一个月慈禧才终于从西安动身。
她对外国人万分惧怕，正像她对国人无比傲慢一样。
她在河南停留了很长一段时间，到了保定又逗留多日，好不容易才回到北京。
据野史记载，在这漫长的旅途中还发生了一件趣事。
一位地方官员送给慈禧一只猴子，她颇为高兴，竟下旨给那只猴子穿黄马褂。
后来太监报告说，有的官员发出了“人不如猴”的感慨，慈禧这才发现自己的决定有些荒唐，于是又下旨给随行官员每人一件黄马褂。
得到这殊荣之后，大家真不知道该感谢慈禧还是感谢那只猴子。
3. 中国对香港的政策是“一国两制”，这个原则不仅对香港经济发展有利，而且和中国本身的利益也是一致的。
我们不想使香港政府在过渡时期无法正常行使其职能，恰恰相反，我们希望它能有效地管理香港的事务，中英联合声明和建造新机场的谅解备忘录就是最好的保证。
至于1997年以后的，全国人民大会已通过了《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》。
隐藏在科技王国后的文学世界当我还是一个“探索文学”的男孩，我曾想如果大街上每个人都熟知普鲁斯特、乔伊斯、T·E·劳伦斯、帕斯捷尔纳克和卡夫卡，那该多好。
稍后我才明白平民大众对高雅文化有多么抵触。
作为一个年轻的拓荒者，林肯读过普鲁塔克、莎士比亚和《圣经》，但是那时他是林肯。
后来，在中西部驾车、乘巴士或火车游历的时候，我经常去参观一些小城镇的图书馆。
在爱阿华州基奥卡克县和密歇根州本顿港的图书馆里，我发现读者们都借阅普鲁斯特和乔伊斯的著作，甚至是斯威沃和安德烈·别雷的作品，D·H·劳伦斯也是他们的最爱之一。
有时我会联想到上帝愿意放弃毁灭罪恶深重的索多玛城，只为了城里有十个义人。
并不是说基奥卡克县和邪恶的索多玛城有任何相似之处，也不是说普鲁斯特笔下的夏吕斯男爵被引诱到密歇根本顿港定居。
而是我似乎有种持久的民主的渴望——在最不可能的地方寻找高雅文化存在的证据。
我做小说作家已经有十几年了，而从一开始我就意识到这是个不太可取的职业。
在二十世纪三十年代，一个芝加哥的旧邻居告诉我他写小说给通俗大众阅读。
“邻居们都好奇为什么我不去找一份职业。
他们看我总是到处闲逛，修剪树丛或者漆刷篱笆，而不是在工厂里工作。
但我是一个作家，我的文章是卖给《商船队》小说期刊和《勇士骑兵》杂志的。
”他十分愁闷地说，“他们不会认为那是一种职业。
”他向我诉苦也许因为注意到我是个书呆子气的孩子，比较可能会同情他；又或者他是在告诫我不要特立独行。
但那时候已经为时晚矣。
也是在一开始的时候，我就被警告小说已经接近了衰落阶段，就像城壁城市或者十字弓那样都是过时的事物。
没有人喜欢和历史有分歧。
奥尔斯瓦尔德·斯宾格勒是三十年代初最受广泛阅读的作家之一。
他教育世人：我们疲倦老旧的文明已经非常接近终结，年轻人们应该避开文学和艺术，去拥抱机械化并成为工程师。
为了避免被淘汰，你挑战并蔑视那些进化论历史家们。
佳译汉译英常见拙译翻译所谓contraction即a word, as won’t from will not, or phrase, as o’clock from of the clock, formed by omitting or combining some of the sounds of a longer phrase。
Contraction貌似小事，在英译中却频繁出现！似乎这是一种既方便又简约的表达方式。
然而，从美国教授的评改中，我们忽然醒悟：在正式文体中，不要使用缩写式！1.在我的集邮册中，有一张邮票占据了最显著的位置。
原译：I’ve a stamp in the most conspicuous place of my album.改译：I have a stamp in the most conspicuous place of my album.小析：No contractions in formal essays.2.我对担任教师工作充满了期待。
原译：I’m filled with the anticipation of standing on the teaching role.改译：I am filled with the anticipation of standing in the teaching role.3.别人觉得这是在浪费时间，我觉得这可是个好办法。
原译：…others think it’s a waste of time. But I think it’s a good system.改译：…othe rs think it is a waste of time. But I think it is a good system.小析：This is supposed to be a formal essay. Do not use any contractions.三、搭配（collocation）“搭配”，是一个非常重要的语言概念。
练习1 美国印象☐我恐怕不能把美国描绘成十足的天堂——从一般角度来说，也许我对这个国家所知甚少。
我说不出它的经度或纬度；我算不出它出产谷物的价值；我对它的政治也不十分熟悉。
这些东西可能不会使你感兴趣，它们当然也不会让我感兴趣。
☐在美国上岸后得到的第一个深刻印象，就是美国人可能算不上世界上穿得最漂亮的，但却是穿得最舒服的。
那里看得到男人头戴着不堪入目的烟囱式高顶礼帽，但很少有不戴帽子的男人；还看到穿着难看至极的燕尾服的男人，但很少有不穿外套的男人。
美国人的穿戴显得舒适，这和在我国常可以看到的人们衣衫褴褛的情形形成了鲜明的对比。
☐我特别注意到的第二个特点是，似乎每个人都在急着赶火车。
这种情形对诗歌和浪漫爱情是不利的。
要是罗密欧和朱丽叶老是为乘火车而担心，或是在为返城车票而烦恼，莎士比亚就不可能写出那几幕如此富有诗意与伤感情调的阳台戏了。
☐美国是世界上最嘈杂的国家。
在早晨，不是夜莺的歌声，而是汽笛的呜叫把人们唤醒。
美国人讲求实际的头脑这么健全，却没有想到要降低这种令人难以忍受的噪音，真叫人吃惊。
所有艺术都依赖于精细微妙的敏锐感觉，这样持续不断的喧嚣，最终一定会损害人的音乐天赋。
☐美国城市没有牛津、剑桥、索尔兹伯里和温彻斯特那么美丽，那些地方有优雅时代的美好遗迹；虽然不时还是可以看到许多美的东西，但只能在美国人没有存心创造美的地方。
在美国人有意创造美的地方，他们显然没有成功。
美国人的突出特点，便是他们把科学应用于现代生活的那种态度。
☐在纽约走马观花地一走，这一点就一目了然了。
在英国人们常把发明家视作狂人，发明带来的是失望与穷困的例子简直不胜枚举。
在美国发明家受到尊重，他随时可以得到人们的帮助。
在那里心灵手巧、把科技应用于人类的劳动，是致富的捷径。
没有一个国家比美国更爱机器的了。
☐或许，值得指出的是，被许多人指为美国式英语的其实是老的英国式表达，它们在我国已经消失，却在我们的殖民地里留存下来。
许多人以为美国人常说的“I guess”（“我猜”）纯粹是一种美国式表达，但约翰∙洛克在他的The understanding (《理解论》）中就用过这种说法，就像我们现在使用“I think”（“我想”）一样。
☐（淡瀛洲译，略有修订）☐练习2 英国人的性格☐英国人有这样的名声，那就是：作为一个民族，他们不同于所有其他民族，包括他们的紧邻法国人、比利时人和荷兰人。
据说这和居住岛屿、与欧洲大陆隔离很有关系。
但不管是什么原因，完全可以这样说：英国人已养成许多不同于其他民族的态度和习惯。
☐大体说来，英国人是好静的、腼腆的，生性矜持的，只有在熟人当中，才感到无拘无束。
在陌生人或外国人面前，他们就常常显得拘谨，甚至局促不安。
这一点，你哪天早晨或傍晚去看一下市郊往返列车车厢里的情况就可以了解了。
面色严肃的商人和妇女坐在那儿，或是看报，或是靠在角落里打盹，没有人讲话。
说实在的，讲话反会显得很特别。
一位爱逗笑的英国人有一次装着样子给外国旅游者提忠告说：“进入车箱后，要和所有的旅客握手。
”不用说，这是开玩笑。
社会上存在着一种不成文但却是人们心照不宣的行为准则。
如果有人破坏这种准则，他就立即成为猜疑的对象。
☐尽人皆知，英国人念念不忘他们的天气，一有机会，就谈个没完。
有人解释说，这是因为英国的天气经常难以预报，所以就成为人人感兴趣、人人都在推测的话题。
情况可能就是这样。
英国人确实不敢太信任气象专家——天气预报员。
他们预报第二天晴朗，但结果却往往不是那么一回事：越过大西洋上空的一阵高气压会给英国全境带来雨天。
一般人对天气的预测看来和气象员一样准确，否则就一样地不准确。
这就有助于说明这样一个似乎是很离奇的现象：在一个阳光灿烂的夏日早晨，一个英国人离开家门时，胳臂上却搭着一件雨衣，手中提着一把雨伞。
因为天气是那样变幻无常，说不定到吃午吃饭时就会大雨倾盆。
☐在一天当中，英国人之间如此频繁地提到天气问题，自然让外国旅游者感到惊讶。
英国人见面时，常以谈论天气代替通常的问候。
人们很可能听到他们说：“今天天气可不错呀！” “是啊，好极了！” ，而不说“ 您早！您好吗？” 。
虽然外国人可能认为这未免有点夸张，有点可笑，但值得指出的是，如能加以利用，那会对他们自己很有好处。
如果他想和某个英国人（无论是男的或是女的）交谈，又不知从何谈起，他就蛮可以先谈谈天气。
这个话题万无一失，即使是最沉默的英国人也会搭腔。
☐在世界许多地区，公开地表示极度的热忱、情感、激情等，并且往往伴随着相应的手势，这是很普通的现象。
但英国人却有些不同。
当然，英国人和其他民族一样，并不缺乏丰富的感情，不过，他们往往极少外露，这反映在他们对语言的使用上。
就以一个男人评论一个姑娘的天生丽质来说吧。
一个易动感情的人可能会这样描述她：“真是块精制宝石”，“貌似天仙”，“长得俊极了”，而英国人会平淡地说：“唔，她长得还可以。
”☐英国人看了一部非常成功、令人快乐的电影后，会向朋友这样推荐：“这部片子不坏”，或者看到一片绝妙的景色时，他可能这样表达自己的快感：“好，是的，很好。
”外国旅游者千万不要由于这种表面上看来缺乏兴趣和兴致的态度而感到扫兴。
他必须认识到，“还可以”、“不坏”、“很好”是经常用来表示最高级的意思，相当于“一流的”、“好极了”。
这种语言的特殊用法叫做“克制陈述法”，在英语中特别流行。
☐（田滨译，略有修订）练习3☐中国人和英国人有两点相似之处，喜欢妥协、尊重舆论。
即使有矛盾冲突，也很难发展到短兵相见的地步。
他们对待清朝末代皇帝就是一个例子。
当西方国家改制为共和之后，被废黜的君主往往是要掉脑袋的，至少也要流放国外。
但中国人则为皇帝保留了皇帝的称号、华丽的宫殿、侍侯他的太监，以及每年几百万的年饷。
他不过是一个16岁的少年，却能安居于紫禁城中。
有一次内乱，还给他恢复了几天名义上的皇权，虽然不久又被废黜了，却没有因此而受到惩罚。
与其把中国视为一个政治实体，还不如把它视为文明实体——唯一从古代留存至今的文明。
从孔子时代以来，古埃及、巴比伦、波斯、马其顿以及罗马帝国都先后灭亡，只有中国通过不断进化，依然生存。
虽然也受到诸如昔日的佛教、现在的科学的外来影响。
但佛教并使中国人变成印度人；西方科学也没有使中国人改变成欧洲人。
我曾经遇到过有些中国人，他们对西方知识的学问，不亚于我们的教授。
但他们并没有因此而失去平衡，也没有失去与自己人民的联系。
西方有的糟粕——暴力、骚乱，欺压弱小，沉迷物质追求，他们也视其为糟粕，而不予接纳。
相反，对于西方的精华，尤其是科学，他们则渴望学习。
Drills 3.1(1) crowd: 人群；mob: (常贬) 成群的暴徒（2）praise: 称赞，赞扬，表扬，赞美，崇拜；boast：（贬）夸口，自夸，吹嘘，自吹自擂；（非贬）自豪，夸耀（3）steadfast：（褒义）不动摇的，坚定不移的，忠实的，固定不动的；固定不变的；obstinate：顽固的，固执的；倔强的；顽强的，不屈服的，不让步的。
（4）deep dealings：不正当的交易；a deep scholar: 造诣深的学者（5）childlike: (常褒) 孩子般的，单纯的，天真无邪的；childish:（贬）幼稚的，傻气的，不成熟的。
（6）statesman: （通常褒义）政治家；politician: (贬义) 政客，善于玩弄权术者；（中性）政治家。
（7）peasant:无教养的人，粗野的人，乡下人，土包子，大老粗；（现尤其用于指发展国家或从前的）农民，农夫，小农，雇农.农民: （无贬义）在农村从事农业生产的劳动者。
（8）宣传：（无贬义）对群众说明讲解，使群众相信并跟随着行动。
Compromise: (中性，无消极意义)settling an argument or difference of opinion by each side agreeing to some of the demands of the other: 通过解决争执或分歧，互让了结，妥协，折中，和解。
妥协：（有时有消极意义）用让步的方法避免冲突或争执，如：“妥协投降”，“原则问题上不能妥协”等。
Dragon: an imaginary animal with wings and claws, able to breathe out fire; fierce person, esp. a woman龙：中国古代传说中的神异动物，身体长，有鳞，有角，有脚，能走，能飞，能游泳，能兴云降雨；封建时代用龙作为帝王的象征，也把龙字用在帝王使用的东西上；比喻有褒义，如：“望子成龙”，“龙马精神”，“龙腾虎跃”，“龙的传人”等。
Goat:( (比喻贬义) a man who is very active sexually, 色鬼，色狼，淫荡的人，好色之徒山羊：无贬褒意。
West wind:英国人对西风有好感，如英国著名诗人雪莱的名诗《西风颂》。
西风：（比喻贬义）日趋没落的腐朽势力，如李白的“西风残照”，毛泽东的“东风压倒西风”。
（3）1. ①英雄的事迹是极为动人的。
②他捏造年龄。
③那张脸成这个模样，背后必有文章。
④真相大白。
/水落石出。
⑤弥天大谎！我只字不信。
2. ①他是个固执的孩子，不会听他母亲的话。
②防御者顽强抵抗。
3. ①他们找到了爬山者的山间庇护所。
②持不同政见者在国外寻求政治避难。
4. 他是个极爱读书的人。
（书呆子/书蛀虫）5. 宪法规定的一切权利都授予了一个独夫。
Drills 3.24. ①它既不园，也不方。
（形容词）②车轮飞快地旋转。
（副词）③夜间门卫每小时巡回一周。
（名词）④地球绕太阳运转。
（介词）⑤这船绕过好望角。
（动词）⑥这次谈话发展成为一项计划。
（动词）5. 我用熨斗熨衣服。
6. 用这把发梳梳头吧。
7. 用白纸裱糊这些墙壁。
8. 你们必须用一艘大船运送这批货物。
9. 我点了灯，但灯光微弱。
10. 一瞬间，我有看见了一张图画。
11. 我看见他在锯木场用一把锯子在锯东西。
12. 愿望为思想之父。
13. “这么多苹果，你们要怎么办？”“我们尽量吃，吃不完就拿来着罐头。
”Drills 3.31.我愿意尽力来帮助你。
2.这种新型显像管的分辨率为800行。
3.从根本上说，一切权利属于人民。
4.枪杆子里面出政权。
5.中国有一点核武器，但中国绝不参加所谓核大国俱乐部。
6.陶瓷表面必须用20倍的双筒显微镜加以检验。
7.晶体管能以极快的速度和极小的功率由关的状态转到开的状态。
8.通讯设施的电源分系统应在电压与负荷受控制的情况下供电。
Drills 3.43. heavy (adj.)A heavy rain 大雨heavy casualties 重大伤亡A heavy load 重负 a heavy sea 迫逃汹涌的海面A heavy crop 丰收 a heavy buyer大主顾Heavy news 令人忧虑的消息 a heavy demand 苛求A heavy note 大量的得票heavy sorrow 折磨人的悲哀A heavy schedule 拍得很紧的日程表 a heavy thinker 思想深沉的人Heavy advertising 大登广告 a heavy politician 显要的政治家A heavy play 严肃的剧This book is heavy reading. 这本书读起来枯燥乏味。
