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2020年高考高考语法考点讲解与真题分析06定语从句（一）在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
考点一定语从句关系词的选择定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词，关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
关系词的选择可从两个方面入手：一是关系词在从句中所作的成分；二是先行词所指。
关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词。
先行词指人时，关系代词用who, whom, that, whose；先行词指物时，关系代词用which, that, whose。
详见下表：1.关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
1. The little problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. （2017北京）A.thatB. asC. whereD. when【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是The little problems may be inspirations for great inventions，从句是_______ we meet in our daily lives。
从句修饰主句中的problem，是定语从句；关系词在从句中作meet的宾语，应用关系代词，故用that。
2．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. （2014安徽）A. WhenB. whereC. whyD. which【答案】D【解析】这是一个复合句，主句是The exact year was 2008，从句是_______ Angela and her family spenttogether in China。
2020;2020年高考英语语法复习讲义：定语从句定语从句定语从句（Attributi高考资源网ve Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。
关系副词有：when, where, why等。
关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1）who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3）which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which / that在句中作宾语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。
高考英语专项定语从句语法详解以及练习题定语从句确实是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，同时作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词（一）定语从句一样由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句先行词之后，定语从句之首，，起着连接先行词和定语从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
先行词：定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
关系代词that 人/物主语宾语Which 物主语宾语Whom 人宾语Who 人主语宾语Whose 人/物定语As 人/物主语宾语先行词在定语从句中作的语法成分关系副词when 时刻名词状语Where 地点名词状语Why 缘故reason 状语关系副词when（指时刻，在定语从句中作时刻状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指缘故，在定语从句中作缘故状语）。
who, whom, whose, which, that, as的使用先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语，用who/that,同时不能省略She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她确实是住在隔壁家的女孩。
先行词指人，在定语从句中作宾语，用whom/who/that,能够省略That is the girl whom/who/that I teach. 那个确实是我教的女孩。
先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，用which/that,同时不能省略The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 刚刚完成的那份工作专门重要。
先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，用which/that,能够省略This is the book which/that I want to read. 这确实是我想读的一本书。
定语从句定语从句的核心考点1.功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语。
2.位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后。
Those who are for the plan raise your hands，please.3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词。
先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如：some-，any-，every-和no-与-body，-thing的合成词；或all，none，any，some，that，those等代词。
数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。
4.关系词：连接先行词与从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词：who，whom，which，that，whose，as等关系副词：when，where，why等5.确定关系词的步骤：(1)先找先行词，看先行词指的是什么。
(2)看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
注意：先行词与关系词是等量关系。
(1)先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.(2)关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。
There are many places we can visit (them) in China.6.在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which：(1)当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
(2)先行词被all，every，no，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，few等修饰时。
(3)先行词为all，much，little，none，few，something，anything等不定代词时。
(4)先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and parcels that filled his bus.(5)先行词在主句中作表语时。
高考高中英语核心语法详解定语从句关系从句//定语从句一、基础知识1. 由来：两个句子之间要有一个重复元素产生关联。
重复点上改写为关系词，由此产生关系从句。
这个重复点在主要从句中称为先行词（antecedent）。
在关系从句中称为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
结构一般比较固定：先行词+关系词+从句例：The boss lives opposite my house. 那位老板住在我家对面。
He is very rich. 他很富有。
说明：the boss 和he 为重复点；下面保留boss，把he改写为who，组成一句话：The boss who lives opposite my house is very rich. 住在我家对面的那位老板很富有。
boss称为为先行词；who为关系引导词；who引导的句子称为关系从句或定语从句。
2.内涵:忌重复原则决定，目的让句子更紧凑；尾重原则，决定重点信息后置。
3.先行词：被关系从句所修饰的词The tall man who is standing over there is my uncle. 正站在那儿的高个子男士是我叔叔。
man为先行词。
4. 关系词：让两个句子产生关联；具有双重角色；（1）角色一：代替前面的先行词；（2）角色二：起到连接作用，并在其引导的句子中承担相应语法成分；例：This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。
that代替前面的先行词book; that同时是其引导句子中bought的宾语。
5. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句区分口诀: 有无逗号；限定不限定；展开不展开；a. 限制性: 从句紧跟先行词，两者之间无逗号，并且句意特别指定先行词，并不展开。
b.非限制性：先行词与从句中间用逗号隔开;句意非特指不限定，从句继续展开。
例：限制性There is a tribe of busy little people who live in the Frozen Zone.一个忙碌的小人部落住在冰冻区。
专题06 定语从句易错点1 关系代词与关系副词的混用1. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, ＂Is there a hospital around ______ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？＂A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what【错因分析】容易误选B，以为around是介词，选which用以代替前面的名词hospital，在此用作介词around的宾语。
【参考答案】C2. She says that she’ll never forget the time ________ she’s spent working as a secretary in our company.A. whichB. whenC. howD. where【错因分析】容易误选B，机械地以为时间名词后必需用关系副词when，地址名词后用关系副词where。
【试题解析】在时间名词和地址名词后是不是用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成份。
一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。
该题中的动词spent缺宾语，故应用关系代词which或that。
【参考答案】A1.定语从句相当于一个形容词，起定词作用，修饰名词或代词2.定语从句的引导词的三种功用:( 1)引导定语从句(2)替代先行词(3)在定语从句中充当必然的成份。
3.解题要领:按照定语从句中所缺成份来肯定是用关系代词仍是关系副词，决不要因先行词是时间名词就用when，是地址名词就用where。
1. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ______ his employeesenjoy their work.A. whereB. whichC. whenD. who【答案】A【名师点睛】定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需要牢牢抓住两点：第一、找准先行词。
高考英语语法之从句讲义：定语从句精讲充当定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词(the antecedent).定语从句由关系代词: who, whom, which, 关系形容词whose 和关系副词when, where, why引导，关系词除了起连接从句和名词的作用外，还作从句的句子成分。
1.限制性定语从句Who的先行词是人，作定语从句的主语：This is the man who will give us a talk tomorrow.Whom的先行词是人，作定语从句的宾语：This is the man whom I talked about the other day.Which 的先行词是物，作从句的主语和宾语Here is a book which may be helpful in you English study.This is the book which I like best.上述例句都可改用that.Whose是个关系形容词，在从句中作定语。
A teacher is a person whose duty is to teach.When, where, why 分别作从句的时间状语、地点状语和原因状语。
He will never forget the day when the accident took place.This was the room where we studied.Do you know the reason why he was late?2.非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词（许多是专有名词），也可以是整个主句，它对先行词不加限定，只起附加说明作用，如果没有，也不影响句意和语法结构。
非限定性定语从句和先行词书写时有逗号断开。
Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you.She was late again, which was annoying.区分限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句很重要。
语法复习四：定语从句（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。
（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。
形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。
e.g. Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。
1）用that而不用which的情况：①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, …；②先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；③先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；④先行词既有人又有物时。
高考英语语法知识点专题复习—定语从句定语从句---基础篇一、定语从句（一）：1. 定语从句的概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3. 关系词：引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。
如that、which、who、whom、whose、as、where、when、why等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
二、定语从句（二）：1. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用that 不用which。
1). 当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you.2). 当先行词被the only、the very、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for.3). 先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the first textbook ______ I studied in the middle school.4). 先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen.=I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian.5). 先行词既有人也有物时，只能that。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had.2. 先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which. 但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。
2016高考英语一轮复习：语法专题6（定语从句）高三英语一轮复习专题6 定语从句Ⅰ.语法单句填空1．The Gate of Fortune, from ________ top visitors can enjoy a wonderful sea view, will attract lots of tourists.答案：whose句意为：从富贵门之上远远眺望，旅游者能够享受完美的海景，这将会吸引大批的旅游者。
关系代词whose作定语修饰top。
2．At the end of the joke she gave a horse laugh ________ could be heard a street away.答案：that/which句意为：讲完笑话之后，她发出像马一样的笑声，一个街区外都能听到。
先行词为laugh，且在从句中充当主语，应用that或which。
3．—We were surprised to hear that the reason ________ she gave for her absence was ________ her mother was ill.—Yes, we saw her mother was at the supermarket that morning.答案：that/which；that句意为：——我们很惊讶地听到她为她的缺席给出的原因是她妈妈病了。
——是的，我们今早在超级市场看见她妈了。
the reason作先行词，且关系词在从句中充当give的宾语，故填that/which；第二空考查the reason... is that这个常用句型，that引导表语从句。
4．In our class there are 46 students of ________ half wear glasses.答案：whom句意为：我们班级有46名学生，其中一半都戴眼镜。
定语从句详解⾸先，（任何）从句结构：“关联词+从句主语+从句谓语”位置：从句之⾸，主句先⾏词之后。
成分：关系代词和关系副词均在定语从句中充当句⼦成分。
⾮限制性定语从句：（1）反作补充说明，与主语关系不甚密切，朗读时先⾏词⽤降调并稍做停顿，多半逗号与主句隔开。
（2）能修饰整个句⼦，限制性定语从句则不能。
与限制性定语从句含义不同，限制-是确指，⾮限制性定语从句是泛指。
（3）先⾏词为{专有名词，具有特指对象的名词}⼀般要⽤到⾮限制性定语从句。
（4）关系代词不能⽤that ，先⾏词指{⼈：⽤who、whom；物：which }关系代词与介词“介词+关系代词”既能引导⾮限制性定语从句，⼜能引导⾮限制性定语从句。
介词要根据先⾏词、从句的谓语动词、从句中的形容词来选择，也可根据句意选择。
I．介词放在关系代词的前⾯时，介词短语只能⽤which代物；和⽤whom代⼈；whose还可在从句中与它所修饰的词⼀起作介词宾语。
This is the hero of whom we are proud.I want to find the very pen with which I wrote that letter.The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.II．当介词放在句⼦的末尾时，可⽤that/which代物，that/whom/who来作为介词的宾语，且这个做介词宾语的关系代词往往忽略This is the hero that (who/whom/忽略) we are proud of.特:(1)from where为”介词+关系副词”结构,where作from的宾语,但也可引导定语从句。
例如:We stood at the top of the hill,from where we can see the town.(2) 有些动词+介词所组成的短语动词，关系⾮常紧密，介词不能前置。
高考英语定语从句
高考英语定语从句是高考考试中重要的语法知识点之一。
定语从句用来修饰名词或代词，限定或说明其特定的属性、特征或身份。
在考试中，经常会出现关于定语从句的题目，需要考生掌握该知识点并正确运用。
定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，常见的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose；关系副词有：where, when, why。
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，通常可省略；而作
宾语或介词宾语时，不可省略。
定语从句的结构分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
限制性定语从句是对前面的名词进行限定，如果去掉该定语从句，整个句子的意思会发生改变或不完整；非限制性定语从句是对前面的名词进行补充说明，如果去掉该定语从句，整个句子的意思仍然完整。
在使用定语从句时，需要注意一些常见的错误。
比如，关系代词的选择错误（如使用which作为人的关系代词），关系代词缺失（如出现两个连续的定语从句，第二个从句中省略关系代词），以及定语从句与先行词的不一致等。
要掌握定语从句的正确使用，需要多进行相关的练习和例句的分析。
培养整体理解句子的能力，了解句子之间的逻辑关系，以便正确判断定语从句的引导词和相应位置。
总之，定语从句是高考英语考试中的重要知识点，掌握好定语
从句的用法和规则，能够在考试中更加准确地理解和完成题目。
通过多做练习和积累例句，进一步加强对定语从句的掌握和运用，提高自己的语言表达能力。
专题06 从句（定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句）距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
Part01 定语从句1：考点梳理1.引导定语从句的关系词；2.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；3.“介词＋关系代词”的结构；4.关系词之间的异同及选用。
考点1定语从句的种类(1)限制性定语从句从句在句中是不可缺少的部分，去掉后主句意思往往不明确，与主句之间不用逗号隔开。
This is the house which we bought last month.(2)非限制性定语从句从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明，去掉后不影响主句的意思，与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
高考英语语法之定语从句我是万能的木子，一个有腔调的英语老师，所带学生高考成绩基本都在140左右，也有个别成绩一般的在120左右，希望通过自己的微薄之力，帮助在英语学习中遇到困惑的你们。
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一.定义定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
二.判定方法判断从句是否修饰某个名词或代词，是则为定语从句。
三。
定语从句的分类定语从句又分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。
区别在于：1.先行词上，限定性定语从句的先行词只能是某个单词，而非限定性定语从句的先行词可以是某个单词，也可以是整个句子。
2.关系词上，所有可以引导定语从句的关系词都可以引导限定性定语从句；而that不可以引导非限定性定语从句。
3.符号上，限定性定语从句与先行词之间无逗号相隔；非限定性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号相隔。
4.与先行词的关系上，限定性定语从句与先行词的关系比较密切，不可分割；非限定性定语从句与先行词的关系不是很密切，可以省去，不影响句意的表达。
四。
定语从句的关系词1.关系词的基础用法That的用法例1，The bookthat is on the desk is my favourite.此句中，先行词为book，指物，做主语，例2，The personthat I met yesterday is a professor.此句中，先行词为person，指人，做宾语例3，It is nolonger a little cat that it used to be.此句中，先行词为cat，指物，做表语Which的用法例1，The bookwhich is on the desk is my favourite.此句中，先行词为book，指物，做主语，例2，The bookwhich I bought yesterday is my favourite. 此句中，先行词为book，指物，做宾语，Who的用法例1，The personwho is standing over there is my brother 此句中，先行词为person，指人，做主语Whom的用法、The person whom Imet yesterday is a professor.此句中，先行词为person，指人，做宾语When的用法The time when weshall meet is not decided.Where的用法The place where weshall meet is not decidedWhy的用法The reason why heis late for school is unknown.2. 定语从句的解题方法1），判定从句是否为定语从句2），判定先行词是人还是物3），判定先行词在从句中做什么成分4），确定关系词3，只用who不用that的情况1），先行词为one，ones等词2），先行词与定语从句之间有较长修饰语3），主句的句型为therebe句型4），先行词为family等集合名词4 只用which不用that的情况1），用于引导非限定性定语从句例，He wears only some shorts, which is astupid thing to do in such weather.2），先行词为that例，What’s that which was put in the car?3），关系词前有介词例，This is the house in which I lived.4），当句中有两个定语从句，一个用that，一个用which例，I want to show you the book that I borrowedfrom the library which was newly opened to us. 5，只用that不用which的情况1）.当主句句型为there be 句型时例，There is a book that is very interesting.2）.当先行词在从句中做表语时例，It is no longer the naughty cat that itused to be.3）.当先行词前有代词修饰或者先行词为代词时例，Everything that can be done has been done.4）,当现行此前有形容词最高级修饰时例，This is the most interesting book that Ihave ever read.5）,当先行词前有序数词修饰时例，This is the first book that I have everread.6）.当先行词前有表示数量的词修饰时例，There are few books that I can read here.7）,当先行词前有the only，the very修饰，表“恰恰”时例，This is the only film that I want to see.８），当先行词即有人又有物时例，They are talking about persons and things that they remembered at school.6，讲解whose的考察点在定语从句中，whose只用作定语，其后必须要有名词，但是有时候也回考察whose的结构的同义转换。
高考英语定语从句语法讲解(名师剖析高考英语必考知识点，建议下载)在复合句中充当定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词或整个主句，所以，也称作形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。
一、关系代词引导的定语从句引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that 等。
它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。
A．who指人，在定语从句中作主语。
What was the name of the man who lent you the money借钱给你的那人叫什么名字？（定语从句修饰先行词the man）He who laughs lst laughs best.谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。
（定语从句修饰先行词he）The chairman of the meeting, who spoke first, sat on my right.会议主席坐在我右边，他先发言。
（定语从句修饰先行词the c hairman）B．whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语。
在口语或非正式文体中，whom 可省略或可用w ho 来代替，但在介词后面以及在非限制性定语从句中只能用whom。
There are some people (whomwho)we like and others (whomwho) we dislike.有些人我们是喜欢的，有些人则是我们讨厌的。
（定语从句分别修饰先行词people, others）The people whomwho I work with are all friendly.和我一起工作的人都很友好。
（定语从句修饰先行词the people）Mr Carter, whom I spoke to on the phone last night, is very interested in or plan.昨晚我在电话里和卡特先生交谈过，他对我们的计划很感兴趣。
高考英语复习6.定语从句（语法）语法讲座：定语从句一、先行词、关系代词和关系副词1．先行词(antecedent)就是被定语从句所修饰的名词。
在英语中，定语从句跟在被修饰词之后，所以被修饰词就是“先行”的词。
2．连接定语从句，要用关系代词(relative pronoun)和关系副词(relative adverb)。
关系代词和关系副词与连接词不完全相同，因为它们除了连接主句和定语从句，还在定语从句中代替一定的成分。
二、关系代词1．who先行词是“人”，在从句中代替主语。
注意：代替从句中的主语，who不能省略。
who的单复数由先行词决定。
但是要注意“one of +先行词”与“the only one of +先行词”的情况。
2．whom先行词是“人”，在从句中代替宾语。
whom在从句中经常可以省略，但如果在介词后面，则不能省。
3．which先行词是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或宾语。
which代替主语时，不能省略，它的单复数由先行词决定。
which 代替宾语时则经常省略，但如果在介词后面，那么也不能省略。
which的先行词有时还可以是前面的整个句子，这时它总是看成单数，也不能省略。
4．that先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中可以代替主语或者宾语。
that代替主语时，不能省略，代替宾语时则经常省略。
that不能用在介词之后。
在以下三种情况时，我们一般不用关系代词who, whom, 和which，而只用that：1）先行词是不定代词如anything, something, all等词，或由all, every, little, any, much, the very 等词所修饰；2）先行词前有最高级形容词或序数词所修饰；3）先行词是由and连接的两个词，分别指“人”和“物”。
5．whose先行词可以是“人”，也可以是“物”，在从句中代替定语。
whose不能省略。
如果先行词是“物”，我们也可以用sth. of which代替whose。
6．as先行词是“such+名词”，或者“the same +名词”，在从句中代替主语或者宾语。
as不能省略。
as的先行词有时还可以是一个句子，这个句子可以放在as之前，也可以放在as之后。
三、关系副词1．when先行词是表示时间的名词，如time, day, year, century等，when 在从句中代替时间状语。
when一般不能省略。
定语从句中，when可以用“介词+which”代替。
注意：表示时间的名词后面并不都是用when引导的定语从句，也可以是由which或that引导的定语从句。
2．where先行词是表示地点的名词，如place, room, house, school, factory等，where在从句中代替地点状语。
where一般不能省略。
定语从句中，where可以用“介词+which”代替。
注意：表示地点的名词后面并不一定都是用where引导的定语从句，也可以是由which或that 引导的定语从句。
3．why先行词是reason。
why一般不省略。
reason为先行词的时候，也可能是由which或that引导的从句。
四、限制性和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句跟主句的关系比较密切，如果缺少，对方将不明白你要表达的确切的意思，它跟主句之间不用逗号隔开，中文翻译的时候，常把从句放在名词之前。
非限制性定语从句只出现在书面，一般情况下，没有这个定语从句，对方也不会误解，或者说，这类定语从句只是一种补充说明，它与主句之间要用逗号隔开，翻译成中文时，常为两个句子。
非限制性定语从句经常是用在先行词是专有名词的时候，或先行词表示的“人”或“物”是“独一无二的”。
非限制性定语从句不能用that连接。
高考真题试析：01年37题He’s got himself into a dangerous situation ____ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. whereB. whichC. whileD. why02年31题Alec asked the policeman ____ he worked to contact him whenever there was an accident.A. with himB. whoC. with whomD. whom03年41题I can think of many cases ____ students obviously knew a lotof English w ords and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay.A. whyB. whichC. asD. where04年36题American women usually identify their best friend as someone ____ they can talk frequently.A. whoB. asC. about whichD. with whom04年（春）36题A fast food restaurant is the place ____, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.A. whichB. whereC. thereD. what05年40题If a shop has chairs ____ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where05年（春）34题The United States is made up of fifty states, one of ____ is separated from the others by the Pacific Ocean.A. themB. thoseC. whichD. whose06年37题In an hour, we can travel to places ____ would have taken our ancestors days to reach.A. whereB. whenC. whichD. what07年37题His movie won several awards at the film festival, ____ was beyond his wildest dream.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it08年（春）37题Villagers here depend on the fishing industry, ____ there won’t be much work.A. whereB. thatC. by whichD. without which08年38题We went through a period ____ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A. whichB. whoseC. in whichD. with which练习：1. Can you tell me the name of the factory ____ you visited last week?A. whatB. whereC. /D. whose2. Wilma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, ____ madeher mother very proud.A. itB. thatC. whichD. what3. I don’t like ____ you speak to her.A. the wayB. the way in thatC. the way whichD. the way of which4. Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ____ leading actor is world famous?A. itsB. it’sC. whoseD. which5. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad.A. thatC. all whatD. which6. They have succeeded in solving many problems in accordance with the new theory, ____ isannounced in today’s newspaper.A. thatB. asC. whenD. what7. There are no such rules in selling liquor in China ____ in the U.K.A. as there areB. as areC. when there areD. which are8. I sent invitation to 80 people, ____ have replied.A. of whom only 20 of theseB. only 20 of these whoC. of whom only 20D. only 20 who9. We have to consider what to do in situations ____ there are many people involved.A. whereB. whenC. whetherD. which10. We’ve just installed central heating, ____ should make a tremendous difference to the house nextwinter.B. itC. thatD. which11. The death of her husband and the suffering ____ caused affected the young lady greatly.A. thatB. itC. whatD. which12. That was said to be the worst traffic accident ____ on A20 Highway.A. ever happeningB. ever happenedC. that had happenedD. which had happened13. The mineral resources ____ modern industry depends are running out quickly.A. thatB. whereC. in whichD. on which14. The size of the audience, ____ we had expected, was more than 5 hundred.A. whomB. whoC. asD. that15. We can define a joke as something you say ____ causes laughter.A. itB. thatC. /D. which16. So angry was Kate at all ____ he was doing ____ she walked out without saying anything.A. what; thatB. which; thatC. that; thatD. that; which17. Living in the country has its advantages, ____ freedom from pollution is the best.A. for whatB. whichC. of whichD. from that18. I have got the same dictionary ____ my teacher showed us last week.A. asB. that C, which D. when19. I still remember the place ____ used to be quiet and beautiful.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. /20. John has really changed a lot. He is not the same man ____.A. like he wasB. who he wasC. as he wasD. that he was21. There comes a time in everyone’s life ____.A. which he needsB. when he has to thinkC. that he needsD. why he has to think22. The reason ____ she failed in the exam was ____ she hadn’t worked hard enough.A. why; thatB. why; becauseC. that; whyD. because; why23. The professor has recommended some books ____ will certainly help you in your work.A. which I am sureB. I am sure whichC. of which I’m sureD. and I’m sure which24. He made another wonderful discovery, ____ of great importance to mankind.A. which I think isB. which I think it isC. that I think isD. that I think it is25. The writer and his books ____ are known to us all are welcome here.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what26. It is said that the dog ____ is still worth 1000 yuan.A. whose left eye is blindB. of which the left eye is blindC. which is blind in the left eyeD. which is blinded its left eye27. Language is like a huge city, to the building of ____ every human being has brought a stone.A. whichB. thatC. itD. this28. There are 48 students in our class, ____ two-thirds are girls.A. whichB. thatC. of whomD. of which29. You can find whatever you need in the shopping centre, ____ is always busy at the weekend.A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which30. The school is famous for such strict rules ____ good for students in forming good habits.A. that areB. as isC. as areD. that is31. I’ll never forget the years ____ I spent in the country withthe farmers, ____ has a great effect onmy life.A. when; whichB. when; thatC. that; whichD. which; when32. Farmers no longer live only on crops in the area ____ the highway is built.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. in that33. Is it in the factory ____ your father works ____ we’ll work for two weeks?A. where; thatB. where; whereC. that; whereD. that; that34. The company will not employ ____ eyesight is weak.A. whoever whoseB. anyone whoseC. someone of whomD. anyone else’s35. The biggest single hobby in western countries ____ western people spend their most time, energyand money is gardening.A. in whichB. whereC. thatD. on which36. The goals ____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A. at whichB. with whichC. after whichD. for which37. Children under sixteen are discouraged to see such films ____ have too many bloody violentscenes.A. thatB. asC. whichD. /38. Glen saw a film with his girl friend, ____ they had dinner at a nearby restaurant.A. whenB. whichC. after whichD. that after39. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those ____ in the forest.A. once they grewB. they grew onceC. that once grewD. once grew40. He may be late, in ____ case we ought to wait for him.A. whoseB. itsC. whichD. that41. Mr Black, ____ we have a sincere respect, is quite outstanding in the field of natural science.A. of whomB. whoC. for whomD. whom42. The teachers hope the little ____ they have been doing will be useful when their students leaveschool.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who43. The melting point is the temperature ____ a solid changes into a liquid.A. whichB. thatC. at whichD. in that44. In 1850, Yale University established Sheffield Scientific School, ____.A. which was educated engineers thereB. in which were engineers educatedC. where engineers were educatedD. where were engineers educated45. All those ____ were watching the 100-metre dash applauded, giving a big hand to the gold medalwinner.A. whichB. whoD. whom46. ____ we have to complete the construction is 2 million dollars.A. All whatB. That allC. All thatD. Which47. The course normally attracts twenty students per year, ____ up to half will be from overseas.A. of whomB. of whichC. whoD. which48. More and more scientists have made new discoveries ____ challenge our established theories of the universe.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. that49. She heard a terrible noise, ____ brought her heart into her mouth.A. itB. whichC. thisD. that50. The weather turned out to be very good, ____ was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichD. it51. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew up as a child.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when52. Carol said the work would be done by October, ____ personally I doubt very much.A. itB. thatC. whenD. which53. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the othersunhappy.A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what54. The film brought the hours back to me ____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A. untilB. thatC. whenD. where55. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. ItC. ThatD. What56. The old man still remembers those happy years ____ he lived in the country with his grand parents,____ has left a life-long impression on him.A. that; whichB. when; whichC. which; thatD. when; who57. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ____ many people have gone home.A. whose timeB. thatC. on whichD. by which time58. He was rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse.A. whoB. whomC. whatD. which59. ____ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.A. WhichB. AsC. ThatD. It60. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very reasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose61. I often spend weekends in Shanghai Library, ____ I can find a lot to read.A. whereB. asC. whichD. that62. The first place ____ we will visit is the factory ____ produces vitamin pills.A. that; whichB. which; thatC. where; thatD. that; where63. The science of medicine, ____ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most importantof all the science.A. in whichB. to whichC. whichD. which64. Has all ____ can be done ____?A. what; doneB. that; been doneC. that; already doneD. what; already been done65. You shouldn’t have asked him the same question ____ I asked a moment ago.A. likeB. whichC. whatD. as66. Is there anything ____ I can do for you at the moment?A. whichB. /C. of whichD. by which67. Do you believe the reason ____ Mary mentioned just now for her being absent?A. whichB. for whichC. whyD. what68. The man ____ report ____ we have just read is a famous journalist.A. who; whichB. who; /C. whose; /D. who; whose69. The germ theory of disease, ____ its name suggests, means that some diseases are caused bygerms.A. whichB. asC. by whichD. through which70. Mr Herein is one of the foreign experts who ____ here in our hospital.A. worksB. is workingC. has workedD. are working。
