倒装结构
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倒装句的结构和用法在英语语法中,倒装句(Inversion)是指将动词的主语和非谓语部分的位置颠倒过来的句子结构。
倒装句在语法上具有一定的灵活性和特殊的用法,通过将句子的结构颠倒,可以强调某一部分的内容,增强语气或者改变句子的语气。
本文将介绍倒装句的结构和用法,让读者对倒装句有更深入的了解。
一、完全倒装句完全倒装句是将谓语动词和主语的位置进行颠倒,即将助动词、情态动词、系动词或者谓语动词本身放在主语之前。
在肯定句中,谓语动词和主语之间需要使用助动词或者情态动词来进行倒装。
例如:1. Not only does he speak English fluently, but he also speaks French.2. Little did I expect to see you here.3. Never have I been to such a beautiful place.二、部分倒装句部分倒装句是将助动词、情态动词或者系动词与主语之间的位置进行颠倒,谓语动词本身不进行倒装。
部分倒装句通常用于疑问句、以表示祝愿、建议、命令、感叹等语气的句子中。
例如:1. Can you speak French?2. Should you have any questions, please feel free to ask.3. Were he here, he would help us.三、介词短语倒装句当句子以表示地点、时间、方式等介词短语开头时,为了突出位置、时间、方式等成分,常常将介词短语和其后面的动词原形或助动词进行倒装。
例如:1. In front of the house stands a tall tree.2. At the top of the mountain lies a beautiful lake.3. By learning from each other can we improve our skills.四、祈使句倒装句祈使句通常用于表示命令、请求、建议等语气的句子中。
完成句子考点之倒装结构倒装是一种语法手段,用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。
倒装句有两种:完全倒装和部分倒装。
完全倒装1) 完全倒装即把整个谓语放到主语之前(是整个谓语动词,而非助动词)。
例如:In came the teacher and the class began. (老师走了进来,然后开始上课。
)2) there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的there be句型以外,there还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem to be, stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句。
例如:There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。
)3) 由地点和时间副词引出的完全倒装句:以地点副词here, there和时间副词now, then 开头,后面的动词是be, come, exist, fall, follow, go, lie, remain, seem, stand等,而主语又是名词时,构成完全倒装句。
Up climbed the boy when his mother came.4)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词且主语是名词时使用完全倒装Out rushed the students. Away flew the plane.部分倒装1) 部分倒装即只把谓语的一部分(如助动词、情态动词等)放到主语前,或把句子的强调成分提前。
Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt about (疾病没有使他放弃过上梦想中的生活)2) 以否定词开头的句子要求部分倒装。
注意下列句子中助动词或情态动词提前、甚至补充助动词的用法:例:Not until yesterday did little John change his mind.(小约翰直到昨天才改变了主意。
语法专项-------- 倒装结构(Inversion)1.完全倒装(Full Inversion)结构:提前成分+谓语动词+主语(1)here,there置于句首,谓语动词一般为be, come, go例如:There goes the bell. Let’s begin our class.Here comes the bus. (公共汽车来了)Here are some examples. (这儿是几个例子)** 但当主语为人称代词时不引起倒装,例如:Here he comes. (他来了。
)(2)表示位置转移的副词,如up, down, in, out, away, ahead 等置于句首。
例如:The driver couldn’t control his car and down went the car. (司机控制不了汽车,汽车往下滑。
)Up went the rocket. (火箭上升)** 但当主语为人称代词时不引起倒装。
Higher and higher it flew. (它越飞越高.)(3)介宾词组,地点状语置于句首。
*注意主谓一致,谓语后面才是真正的主语。
例如:In the center of the square stands a high monument.(广场中央矗立着很高的纪念碑)On either side of the road are rows of houses. (be)On the back wall hangs a huge oil painting. (hang)2. 部分倒装(Partial Inversion)结构:提前成分 + 助动词 +主语 +主要动词情态动词(1)否定词no, none, neither, nor, nobody, nothing, never,或半否定词hardly, seldom,scarcely, barely, little, few, 否定词的短语not until, by no means, not only…but also…, in no way, neither …nor…, in no time, no sooner…than…, hardly…when…, 及频度状语副词every day, every other day, many a time, often等位于句首时,一般须部分倒装。
倒装结构1、概述英语最基本的词序“主语+谓语动词(+ 宾语)”通常十分固定,但在一些句子中,由于语法、修辞、强调或句子结构上的需要,主语、谓语和宾语不是处于正常语序,而是把谓语的全部或一部分提到主语的前面,这种语序叫做倒装(inversion)。
2、倒装的类型倒装可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
(1)全部倒装(complete inversion)全部倒装就是整个谓语部分放在主语之前。
In front of the house stands a tree. 房前有一棵树。
Here comes the bus.车来了。
(2)部分倒装(partial inversion)部分倒装就是把谓语的一部分(通常是助动词、情态动词)放在主语之前。
Never shall I forget the day.我永远忘不了这一天。
Only in this way can we finish the work.只有这样,我们才能完成工作。
3、语法倒装(1)在疑问句中Is breakfast ready yet? 早饭准备好了吗?Have you finished your homework? 你做完作业了吗?What are you doing ? 你在干什么?(2)在“there+ be”结构中There are some books on the desk.桌子上有些课本。
(3)以表示“运动方向”的副词开头的倒装句为了使叙述或描绘更加生动,常将表示运动方向的副词 (如here,there,out,in,up,off,down,away,back等)放在句首,谓语动词为go,come,run,rush等表示位置转移的动词,主语为名词。
用一般现在时或一般过去时。
Be quick! Here comes the bus. 快点汽车来了。
There goes the bell.铃响了。
Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。
⼋种常见的英语倒装结构⼀、英语中构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外),通常须使⽤倒装结构,这是语法结构的需要。
例如:1.When are we going to drink to your happiness?我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?2.Have you seen the film?你看了那部电影吗?3.Have you anything like that?在美国英语中常见:Do you have anything like that?你有那样的东西吗?⼆、以副词here,there,off,out,away等开头的句⼦,主要是表⽰感叹语⽓的句⼦,当其主语为名词时,通常要使⽤倒装。
例如:4. Here comes our teacher!你们的⽼师来了!5.Away went the boy to the school!那男孩⼦到学校⾥去了!6.Off goes the woman!那个⼥⼈⾛了!三、当构成关联从属连词so...that的so位于句⾸时,往往要使⽤倒装结构。
例如:7.So loudly did the students read that people could hear them out in the street.同学们⼤声读书,⼈们在街上都听得见(他们的读书声)。
8.So small were the words that he could hardly see them.字那么⼩,他⼏乎看不见。
四、以引导词there开头的句⼦,须使⽤倒装结构。
例如:(A) 表⽰“……有……”之概念的“There+ be +主语” 结构:9. There are three books on the desk.桌上有三本书。
10.There were something in the box.箱⼦⾥有东西。
(B) ⽤于正式⽂体,特别是⽂学作品中的 "there+不及物动词⼗主语" 结构,当主语不明确⽽⼜是⼀个很长的名词短语时,往往使⽤这种结构:11.There entered a strange little man.⾛进来⼀个奇怪⽽⾝材⼜矮⼩的⼈。
倒装结构英语中句子的语序,一般有两种排列方式:一是自然语序(Natural Order),即主语在谓语之前,句子的其它成分置之其后;二是倒装语序(Inverted Order),即在一定条件下,为了达到某些语法或修辞上的效果,改变句子的自然语序,将主语置于句子的谓语或其它成分之后。
倒装句又可以分为全部倒装(Complete Inversion)和部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。
一、全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。
此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。
常见的结构有:1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run, follow。
There goes the bell.Here is your letter.Here comes the bus .Now comes my turn .Then came the chairman.Then followed three days of rain .2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语(out , in , up , down, away, over, off等)置于句首,使描述情景更加生动。
谓语表示运动的动词(go , come, rush, fly fall 等)。
Out rushed a missile from under the bomber(轰炸机).Ahead sat an old woman.In came the teacher and the lesson began .Down the river flowed a small boat .Hearing the cat mewing(咪咪叫) ,off fled the mice .注意:1、上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。
倒装一、倒装概述1、倒装的定义:由于句子结构的需要或为了表示强调,把全部谓语或者部分谓语置于主语前面的结构形式,称之为倒装句。
2、倒装的分类:完全倒装:谓语动词完全移到主语之前。
部分倒装:只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前。
二、倒装结构考点纵览知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析考点一:倒装句的作用和意义考点1:适应一定语法结构的需要,主要是指疑问句句型结构的需要。
典型例句May I come in? 我可以进来吗?Was the People’s Li beration Army founded in 1927? 中国人民解放军是1927年成立的吗?考点2:为了强调某一部分,而把这部分放到句首,构成倒装。
典型例句Never have I been late for school this term. 这学期我从来没有迟到过。
So early did he come to school that no other students came. 他来学校如此的早以至于还没有学生来。
考点二:完全倒装结构考点1:here, there, out, in, up, down, off等表地点、方位的副词或介词词组位于句首时, 用完全倒装。
典型例句Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。
Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。
The door opened and in came Mr. Smith. 门开了,史密斯先生进了来。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了,伞都撑起来了。
There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。
倒装结构某些表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首,表示强调,句子要求用倒装结构。
常见的这类副词或副词短语有:never,seldom ,rarely,no sooner...than,hardly/scarcely/barely...when,no,little,nowhere,not,hardly,no longer,not until,not only...but also等等。
1、never,rarely,seldom位于句首,用于进行"比较",句子要求用倒装结构。
例如:Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own power.2、no sooner ...than,hardly /scarcely/barely ...when位于句首,表示一件事紧接着另一件事发生,句子要求用倒装结构。
例如:Hardly had he opened his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to clean.Scarcely had it grown dark when she realized it was too late to go home.3、在由neither,nor开头、引导的表示"前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或事物)"的句子中,要求用倒装结构,neither,nor为"否定的附和"。
例如:The customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet,and neither had the chairs.I could not persuade him to accept it,nor could I make him see the importance of it.但是,neither用作主语或主语的一部分时,不用倒装结构。
例如:Neither of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasing.Neither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university was accepted.4、含有not until的强调句,如果not until位于句首,句子要求用倒装结构,如果是主从复合句,倒装结构出现在主句中。
例如:1)Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground.2)Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation.5、其他表示否定意义的副词或副词短语位于句首,句子要求用倒装结构。
例如:1)Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources.2)Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in this country.6、含有"no"、表示否定意义的介词短语位于句首,句子要求用倒装结构。
常见的这类介词短语有:at no point (决不),at no time,by no means,in no case,in no circumstances,in no sense,in no shape,in no way,in no wise,on no account,on no consideration,under no circumstances,in no time(立刻),in vain(徒劳),not once,still less等等。
例如:1)We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs.2)At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest first.在以下列副词及连接词开头的句子中,要求用倒装结构。
常见的副词有:only,so,here,there,now,often,then,down,out,in,up,hence,thus,well,off,away,twice,gladly,many a time, to such a degree, to such extremes, to such a point, 等等。
1、在由only开头的句子中,only后面紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句,要求用倒装结构。
例如:1)Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard.2)Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests.如果only在句首,但是only后面没有紧跟用作状语的副词、介词或从句,则不用倒装结构。
2、在由so开头、引导的表示"前面所说的情况也适用于另一人(或事物)"的句子中,要求用倒装结构,so为"肯定的附和"。
例如:John had been working hard and so had his brother.3、由there引起的句子,要求用倒装结构。
例如:1)The door opened and there entered a young man in a blue uniform.4、由there或now引起的句子、谓语为come(go)的句子,要求用倒装结构。
例如:1)There comes the bus.2)Now comes your turn.5、由here引起的句子、谓语为be的句子,要求用倒装结构。
例如:1)Here are some good newly-published novels.2)Here is China's largest tropical forest.但是,如果主语是人称代词时,由here和there引出的句子也不用倒装结构。
例如:1)Here we are.2)Here you are.6、由then引起的句子、谓语为come(follow)的句子,要求用倒装结构。
例如:1)Then come wind,hail and frost.2)Then came a new difficulty.7、由often引起的句子,要求用倒装结构。
例如:Often did we warn them not to do so.1、在含有were,had,should的虚拟条件状语中,如果省略了连接词if,要求用倒装结构。
例如:1)Were she to leave right now,she would get there on Sunday.2)Were they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow,we should have a wonderful dinner party. 3)Had he worked harder,he would have got through the exams.2、在表示祝愿的句子中,往往要求用倒装句。
常常将助动词提前或直接将谓语动词置于主语前面,表示祝愿。
例如:1)May this book in a small way help to improve your English.2)Long live friendship!1.让步状语从句,as引导让步状语从句,必须采用倒装结构,但不是主谓倒装,而是将被强调的内容置于句首。
如:Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal her, in thoroughness, whatever the job.出现在句型be+主语+其他, come what may中。
如:Our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge—be it scientific or artistic.The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly.Come what may, I’ll be on your side.2.As, than 引导的比较从句中,如果主语是名词短语且较长,常采用倒装结构。
注:这种结构主语一般为名词,如果是代词则不倒装。
The atmosphere is as much a part of the earth as are its soil and the water of its lakes, rivers and oceans.在比较状语从句中,如果主语不是人称代词,常常可以在主语前添加助动词do(be)代替前面出现过的动词。
这时,比较对象放在这个do(be)后面,形成一种部分倒装的形式;1)He always spends more time on that useless matter than do the others.2)The living standard of the people is higher than was the case ten years ago.The more you explain, the more confused I am.3. 在由no matter how,however和how引导的方式状语从句中,其后的形容词、副词应随其移至主谓语之前,而形成部分倒装。
例如:1)However hard he tried,he still failed in the entrance exam.2)No matter how badly they had slept she was always up early.1)So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.2)So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape.3)So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him.4) So fast did he run that I could not catch him.5) So involved with their computers do the children become that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.1)A very capable young man he is.2)Standing beside the table was an interpreter.3) Under the tree sat an old man.4) On the way lay a wounded boy of not more than seventeen.当一个句子包含一个带补语的复合谓语,而补语又被what或how修饰时,要求用倒装结构。