2008MBA全国联考英语模拟试题(十)

2008MBA全国联考英语模拟试题（六）1.Not until you have read the novel ____ what it is about. A．you will know B．can you know C．should you know D．have you really known The budget crisis has forced the Prime Minister to ____ his words. A．go back on B．go back to C．go in for D．go along with Having professionally made curtains can be _____, so why not make your own? A．merry B．mean C．costly D．considerable I think it is an issue we’ll have to _____ at some point, no matter how unpleasant it is. A．prefer B．confront C．charge D．contact Police said the man was arrested without a struggle after a car _____ through the streets of the city. A．chasing B．braking C．crash D．patrolling 6.Many shops along the route have been boarded up _____ trouble. A．in case B．in case of C．in any case D．in the case of 7.Frankly speaking, I am getting very bored ____ this entire business. A．at B．of C．from D．with 8.She ____ take a taxi to the town ____ wait for a bus here in the rain. A．would rather … than B．would … rather than to C．prefers …than D．prefers … to 9.We ____ to refund your money if you are not delighted with your purchase. A．guarantee B．object C．justify D．oblige 10.The long-range goal must be to ____ nuclear weapons altogether. A．do down B．do up C．do away with D．do over 123下一页。

绝密★启用前2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考英语试卷考生需知1.选择题的答案需用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，其它笔填涂的或做在试卷或其它类型答题卡上的答案无效。

2.其它题一律用蓝色或黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸上按规定要求作答，凡做在试卷上或未做在制定位置的答案无效。

3.交卷时，请配合监考人员验收，并请监考人员在准考证相应位置签字（作为考生交卷的凭据）。

否则，所产生的一切后果由考生自负。

Section I Vocabulary (10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one to complete the sentence, Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1. Oil is an important ___ material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics.fertileflexible D.raw B.A.bleak C.2. The high living standards of the US cause its present population to____ 25 percent of the world’s oil.presumeconsume C.resume D.assume B.A.3. You shouldn’t be so ____ I didn't mean anything bad in what I said.sophisticatedsensitive D.A.sentimental B.sensible C.4. Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the ____ of art for later generations.themeA.viewpoint D.philosophy B.concept C.5. Member states had the option to ____ from this agreement with one year’s notice.suspect D.object C.withdrawA.deny B.6. The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of ____ irritation.parallelneutral D.A.mutual B.optional C.7. Williams had not been there during the ____ moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A.vital D.unique superior B.rigorous C.8. Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents holding a wide ___ of jobs.C.scale D.areafieldrange B.A.9. Modern manufacturing had ___ a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products.A. translatedB. transformedC. transferredD. transported10. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is ____ only by flood.excludedextendedD.excelled C.A.exceeded B.11. Voices were ____ as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.raiseddeveloped D.A.swollen B.increased C.12. Some sufferers will quickly be restored to perfect health, ____ others will take a longer time.whereaswhere C.when D.which B.A.13. My brother likes eating very much but he isn't very ____ about the food he eats.particular D.peculiar C.unusualA.special B.14. Britain might still be part of France of it weren't ____ a disastrous flood 200,000years ago, according to scientists from Imperial College in London.in D.forwith C.A.upon B.15. The Water Prize is an international award that ____outstanding contributions towards solving global water problems.requires C.relaysreleases D.A.recognizes B.16. In its 14 years of ____ , the European Union has earned the scorn of its citizens and skepticism from the United States.existence D.eminence endurance B.A.emergence C.17. His excuse for being late this morning was his car had ____ in the snow.A. started upB. got stuckC. set backD. stood by18.________widespread belief, cockroaches(蟑螂)would not take over the world if there were no one around to step on them.A. In view ofB. Thanks toC. In case ofD. Contrary to19. Consciously or not, ordinary citizens and government bureaucrats still _____the notion that Japanese society is a unique culture.A. fit in withB. look down onC. cling toD. hold back20. As you can see by yourself, things ______to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.A. turned inB. turned outC. turned upD. turned downSection II Cloze (10 Points)Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes __21__ different nations compete against each other in a __22__ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.In order to __23__ the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee (IOC). After all proposals have been __24__ , the IOC votes. If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues, with __25__ rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, __26__ the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the __27__ of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to __28__ the Games effectively.The IOC also __29__ which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. __30__ , Tokyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, Mexico, the host of the 1968 Summer Games, were chosen __31__ to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America.__32__ the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into __33__ the host city’s time zone. __34__ the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay __35__ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events __36__ , in prime viewing hours.__37__ the Games have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television __38__ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many __39__ there is also direct government support.Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially __40__ . When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, thecity was left with large debts.21. A. in B. for C. of D. from22. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series23. A. host B. take C. run D. organize24. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordinated25. A. Suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding26. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing27. A. site B. spot C. location D. place28. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor29. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. calculates30. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole31. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common32. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of33. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim34. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Wherever35. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D. significantly36. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively37. A. Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Once38. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns39. A. cases B. conditions C. chances D. circumstances40. A. safe B. risky C. tempting D. feasibleSection III Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are 4 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C,and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.Questions 41to 45 are based on the following passage:Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the chip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim(the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto(座右铭) was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun,” says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side.”Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400, 000 companies worldwide will exchange some ＄10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites . These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual moneythat it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-Services exchange in France offers more than4, 600 services, from math lessons to ironing.This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier-what Bob Meyer, publisher of Barter News, calls “the double coincidence of wants.” That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered” because many media, particularly on the Web, can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade” trading partners for honesty, quality and so on . Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or non-tradable currencies to enter global trades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.41. The word “techies” (Line 4, Para . 1) probably refers to those who are________.A. afraid of technologyB. skilled in technologyC. ignorant of technologyD. incompetent in technology42. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they________.A. were impressed by his creativityB. were eager to identify with his mottoC. liked his goal announced in advanceD. hoped to prove the power of the Internet43. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ______.A. the size of barter sitesB. the use of virtual currencyC. the quality of goods or servicesD. the location of trading companies44. It is implied that Internet advertisements can help .A. companies make more profitB. companies do formal exchangesC. media register in statisticsD. media grade barter sites45. Which of the following is true of QL2 according to the author?A. It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.B. It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.C. It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.D. It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners.Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jersey’s biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th, has shaken the city. A fourth, who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids, all enrolled in college, all with a future. But the cruel murder, it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough.Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shootin’, have been flooded with offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail, its co-founder, says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50,000 to promise to “stop shootin”, start thinkin’, and keep livin’.” The Newark Community Foundation, which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye, a surveillance (监视) system tailored towards gun crime.Cory Booker, who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city, believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square-mile area where 80% of the city’s recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned.When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technologyin Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week.Mr Booker, as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes) that after the murder the city will to longer stand by in coldness, For generations, Newark has been paralyzed by poverty-almost one in three people lives below the poverty line-and growing indifference to crime.Some are skeptical, Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60%of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess, But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark: now, a year later, the figure is 30%. Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30% (though the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high).46. What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th?A. The Newark residents witnessed a murderB. Four young people were killed in a school playground.C. The new mayor of Newark took office.D. Four college students fell victim to violence.47. Judging from the context, the “Community Eye” (Line 5, Para.2) isA. a watching system for gun crimeB. a neighborhood protection organizationC. an unprofitable community businessD. a grassroots organization48. We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPTpoverty D.flood C.indifference violenceA.B.49. Mayor Booker’s efforts against crime seem to be ____.A.fruitlessimpractical C.effective D.idealisticB.50. The best title for passage may be ____.A. Stop Shootin’, Start Thinkin’, and Keep Livin’B. Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC. A Mission to Revitalize the CityD. Violent Murders in NewarkQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 per cent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner, While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship, in truth it may just be a from of financial protection.With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship.The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult,even more so when children are involved, The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an “escape fund”.Margaret’s story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in bong-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible ＄100，000 on top of her pension.Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage. “He’d think it was my escape fund so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure.” Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money.Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen, for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. “I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”“When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund and that I feel very secure in our relationship.I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy daysin the future. It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.”（from: ）51. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because __ .A. “escape fund” helps one through rainy daysB. days are getting harder and harderC. women are money sensitiveD. financial conflicts often occur52. The word “savvy” (Line 2, Para, 2) probably means ____.simpleshrewd D.A.suspicious B.secure C.53. Which inference can we make about Margaret?A. She is a unique womanB. She was once divorcedC. She is going go retireD. She has many children.54. The author mentions Colleen’s example to show ____.A. any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB. privacy within marriage should be respectedC. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad55. Which of the following best summarizes this passage?A. Secret SaversB. Love Is What It’s WorthC. Banking HonestyD. Once Bitten, Twice ShyQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:“The word ‘protection’ is no longer taboo(禁忌语)”.This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy late last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause.These leaders, of course, weren’t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they’d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared thattheir economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned-though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asia, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade.That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debate. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in free trade, though few leaders admit it, Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these will be in the West. Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter, who said that “creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs. Suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles. Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in Western theory and practice. A little hypocrisy（虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Look at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund). The Europeans have demanded that keep the post of managing director, but all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions.The time has therefore come for the Asians-who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade. Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die.And that would leave all of us worse off, in one way or another.56. It can be inferred that “protection” (Line 1, Para.1) means__ .A. improving economic efficiencyB. ending the free-trade practiceC. lowering moral standardD. raising trade tariffs57. The Western leaders preach free trade because .A. it is beneficial to their economiesB. it is supported by developing countriesC. it makes them keep faith in their principlesD. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith58. By “the tables have turned” (Lines3-4,Para.2) the author implies that ____.A. the Western leaders have turned self-centeredB. the Asian leaders have turned advocates of free tradeC. the developed economies have turned less competitiveD. the developing economies have become more independent59. The Western economists used to like the idea of “creative destruction” because if ____.A. set a long-term rather than short-term goalB. was an essential part of capitalist developmentC. entailed a positive rather than negative mentalityD. was meant to be the destruction of developing economies60. The author uses “IMF” as an example to illustrate the point that ____.A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD. European countries’ interests are being ignored by economic leadersSection IV Translation (20 points)Directions: In this section there is a paragraph in English. Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.The term “business model” first came into widespread use with the invention of the personal computer and the spreadsheet (空白表格程序) . Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and sub- components analyzed. You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought? –and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model thebehavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spreadsheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.Section V Writing (20 points)Directions: In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET.以往许多人报考成人高校，是为圆文凭梦。

2008年考研英语二（MBA联考）真题试卷及答案Section I V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)1. Oil is an important ______material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics.A rawB bleakC flexibleD fertile2. The high living standards of the US cause its present population to ____ 25 percent of the world’s oil.A assumeB consumeC resumeD presume3. You shouldn’t be so ___ ---I didn’t mean anything bad in what I said.A sentimentalB sensibleC sensitiveD sophisticated4. Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the ___ of art for later generations.A. philosophy B concept C viewpoint D theme5. Member states had the option to ____ from this agreement with one year’s notice.A denyB objectC suspectD withdraw6. The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of ____ irritation.A mutualB optionalC neutralD parallel7. Williams had not been there during the ___ moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A superiorB rigorousC vitalD unique8. Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents a wide ____ of jobs.A rangeB fieldC scaleD area9. Modern manufacturing has ___ a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products.A translatedB transformedC transferredD transported10. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is ____ only by flood.A exceededB excelledC excludedD extended11. V oices were ____as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.A.swollenB. increasedC. developedD. raised12. Some sufferers will quickly be restored to prefect health, ___others will take a longer time.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. whereas13. My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very ___about the food he eats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. unusual14. Britain might still be part of France if it weren’t ____a disastrous flood 200.000 years ago, according to scientists from Imperial College in London.A. uponB. withC. inD. for15. The water prize is an international award that __outstanding contributions towards solving global water problems.A. recognizesB. requiresC. releasesD. relays16. In its 14 years of _--------____, the European Union has earned the scorn of its citizens and skepticism from the United States.A. enduranceB. emergenceC. existenceD. eminence17. His excuse for being late this morning was his car had __ in the snow.A. started upB. got stuckC. set backD. stood by18.____widespread belief cockroaches (螳螂) would not take over the world if there were no around to step on them.A. In view ofB. Thanks toC. In case ofD. Contrary to19. Consciously or not, ordinary citizens and government bureaucrats still _____the notion that Japanese society is a unique culture.A. fit in withB. look down onC. cling toD. hold back20. As you can see by yourself, things ____to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.A . turned in B. turned out C. turned up D. turned down Section II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes _21__different nations compete against each other in a __22_ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the winter Olympics.In order to __23__the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the international Olympic committee (IOC). After all proposals have been _24___, the IOC votes. If one city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with __25__rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, __26__the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the _27__of theOlympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to _28__the Games effectively.The IOC also _29__which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. _30__,Tolkyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico city, Mexico, the host of the 1968 summer Games , were chosen _31__to popularize the Olympic movement In Asia and in Latin America._32__the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into _33__the host city’s time zone. _34__the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay _35___ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events __36____, in prime viewing hours.___37__the Games have been awarded. It is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television ___38_ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many __39___ there is also direct government support.Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially __40___. When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.21. A. in B. for C. of D. from22. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series23. A. host B. take C. run D. organize24. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordinated25. A. suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding26. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing27. A. site B. spot C. location D. place28. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor29. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. calculates30. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole31. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common32. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of33. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim34. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Wherever35. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D. significantly36. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively37. A. Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Once38. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns39. A. cases B. conditions C. chances D. circumstances40. A. safe B. risky C. tempting D. feasibleSection ⅢReading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1 .(40 points)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto (座右铭) was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’, ”says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side. ”Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing.This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls “the double coincidence of wants.”That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered”because many media, particularly on the Web can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade”trading partners for honesty quality and so on.. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter globaltrades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” For them, barter evokes a bright future, not a precapitalist past.41. The word “techies” (Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are ___.A. afraid of technologyB. skilled in technologyC. ignorant of technologyD. incompetent in technology42. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ___.A. were impressed by his creativityB. were eager to identify with his mottoC. liked his goal announced in advanceD. hoped to prove the power of the Internet43. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ___.A. the size of barter stiesB. the use of virtual currencyC. the quality of goods or servicesD. the location of trading companies44. It is implies that Internet advertisements can help ___.A. companies make more profitB. companies do formal exchangesC. media register in statisticsD. media grade barter sites45. Which of the follow is true of QL2 according to the author?A. It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.B. It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.C. It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.D. It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners. Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jersey’s biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th, has shaken the city. A fourth, who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids, all enrolled in college, all with a future. But the cruel murder, it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough.Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shooting, have been floodedwith offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail, its co-founder, says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50,000 to promise to “stop shooting, start thinking, and keep living.”The Newark Community Foundation, which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye, a surveillance(监视) system tailored towards gun crime.Cory Booker who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city , believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square mile area where 80% of the city’s recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned.When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr. Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week.Mr. Booker, as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness. For generations, Newark has been paralyzed by poverty ----almost one in three people lives below the poverty line----and growing indifference to crime.Some are skeptical .Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark; now, a year, the figure is 30%.Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30 %( through the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high).46. What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th?A. The Newark residents witnessed a murder.B. Four young people were killed in a school playground.C. The new mayor of Newark took office.D. Four college students fell victim to violence.47. Judging from the context, the “Community Eye”(Line5,Para2)is_____A. a watching system for gun crimeB. a neighborhood protection organizationC. an unprofitable community businessD. a grassroots organization48.We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPT_____A. violenceB. floodC. povertyD. indifference49. Mayor Booker’s effort against crime seem to be ______A. idealisticB. impracticalC. effectiveD. fruitless50. The best title for the passage may be _____A. Stop Shooting, Start Thinking, and Keep LivingB. Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC. A Mission to Revitalize the CityD. Violent Murders in NewarkQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship , in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship.The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an ”escape fund”.Margaret’s story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100,000 on top of her pension.Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage.”He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure.”Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her ownmoney.Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. ”I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”“When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.”51. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because______A. escape fund helps one through rainy daysB. days are getting harder and harderC. women are money sensitiveD. financial conflicts often occur52. The word “savvy”(Line2,Para 2)probably means_______A. suspiciousB. secureC. shrewdD. simple53. Which inference can we make about Margaret?A. She is a unique woman.B. She was once divorced.C. She is going to retire.D. She has many children.54. The author mentions Colleen’s example to show_____A. any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB. privacy within marriage should be respectedC. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad55. Which of the following best summary this passage?A. Secret SaversB. Love Is What It’s WorthC. Banking HonestyD. Once Bitten, Twice ShyQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:“The word ‘protection’is no longer taboo (禁忌语)”. This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiencyand productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause.These leaders, of course, weren’t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they’d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned---though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asian, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade.That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West, Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter, who said that ‘creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles, Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice.A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Loc k at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund) The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions.The time has therefore come for the Asians-who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade: Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us, worse off, in one way or another.56. It can be inferred that “protection”(Line 1, Para.1) means________A. improving economic efficiency.B. ending the free-trade practiceC. lowering moral standardD. raising trade tariffs57. The Western leaders preach free trade because________A. it is beneficial to their economiesB. it is supported by developing countriesC. it makes them keep faith in their principlesD. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith58. By “the tables have turned”(Line 3-4,Para.2) the author implies that________A. the Western leaders have turned self-centeredB. the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC. the developed economies have turned less competitiveD. the developing economies have become more independent59. The Western economies used to like the idea of “creative destruction”because it________A. set a long-term rather than short-turn goalB. was an essential part of capitalist developmentC. contained a positive rather than negative mentalityD. was meant to be the destruction of developing economies60. The author uses “IMF”was an example to illustrate the point that_______A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD. European countries’interests are being ignored by economic leaders Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a paragraph in English .Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points) The term ”business model”first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序).Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what- if questions about the critical assumptions on which. your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any changewould play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.Section V WritingDirections: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points)以往许多人报考成人高校，是为了圆文凭梦。

高中英语2008年全国高考模拟试题2008年知识运用试题 2019.091,The international agreement, ______ encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit, was signed on February 27.A. intending toB. being intended toC. intended toD. to intend to2,After years, David and I were the onlyleft who were not married.A. oneB. onesC. thoseD. these3,He told us sadly that more than one person _______ in the case.A. involvedB. had involvedC. was involvedD. were involved4,--You're going to have a rise this month, aren't you?--Yes, only $ 100.--Well, __________.A. the more, the betterB. easier said than doneC. better than neverD. better than nothing5,The positive meanings _____ words in an ad and how they are presented in an interesting way play an important role in promoting a product.A. are attached toB. attached toC. attaching toD. having attached to6,In 1492 Columbus and his crew arrived ______ was so-called the New World by the westerners.A. in whatB. in whichC. whatD. where7, --Didn't the guard see him breaking into the bank?--No, he_______ in the other direction.A. was lookingB. had lookedC. lookedD. is looking8,MY six-year-old granddaughter, Caitlyn, and I stopped at a cake shop to buy some cakes. As we were going out the door, a young teenage boy was36in.This young man had no hair on the sides of his head and a patch of blue hair on top of it. He had a nose ring, which was37to a ring he was wearing in his ear with a38 . He held a skateboard under one39and a basketball under the other.Caitlyn, who was walking ahead of me,40when she saw the teen. I thought he'd41her, and she'd frozen42the spot. I was43 . My angel went back to the door and opened it as wide as it would go. NowI was44with the young man. I stepped45and let him pass. His46wasa polite "Thank you very much."On our way back home, I praised Caitlyn for her47in holding open the door for the young man. She didn't seem to be troubled by his48 , but I wanted to49 . After we talked, it turned out thatthe person who50the talk was me.The51thing Caitlyn noticed about the teen was the fact that his arms were full. He would have had a hard time52the door.I saw the partly shaved head, the strange53 , the rings and the chain. She saw a person carrying something under each arm and54toward a closed door. In future, I hope I can get down to her level and55my sight.1. A. coming B. led C. shown D. rushing2. A. related B. attached C. adjusted D. added3. A. stick B. line C. chain D. thread4. A. foot B. hand C. arm D. leg5. A. jumped B. hid C. cried D. stopped6. A. pleased B. attracted C. stricken D. scared7. A. on B. at C. in D. off8. A. excited B. wrong C. frightened D. sure9. A. side by side B. shoulder to shoulder C. face to faceD. hand in hand10. A. ahead B. forward C. backward D. aside11. A. satisfaction B. astonishment C. attempt D. response12. A. actions B. attitudes C. manners D. thoughts13. A. hardship B. appearance C. impression D. interruption14. A. clear up B. calm down C. take care D. make sure15. A. interrupted B. needed C. started D. hosted16. A. only B. terrible C. last D. first17. A. closing B. approaching C. finding D. opening18. A. skateboard B. voice C. hairstyle D. expression19. A. marching B. crawling C. speeding D. heading20. A. raise B. lower C. broaden D. spread9,Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch. But he is for an unwelcome surprise. The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer (锁止器), and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off , he will not be able to start it again .The idea goes like this. A control box fitted to the car contains a mini-cell phone, a microprocessor and memory, and a GPSsatellite positioning receiver. If the car is stolen, a coded cell phone signal will tell the control center to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the engine being restarted. In the UK, a set of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves. “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed,”says Martyn Randall, a security expert. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. But only if the car is more than 10 years old. Modern cars are far tougher to steal, as their engine management computer won’t allow them to start unless they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition (点火) key. In the UK, technologies like this have helped achieve a 31% drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars, often by getting hold of the owner’s keys. Any key theft is responsible for 40% of the thefts of vehicles fitted with a tracking system.If the car travels 100 meters without the driver confirming their ID, the system will send a signal to an operation center that it has been stolen. The hundred meters minimum avoids false alarms due to inaccuracies in the GPS signal.Staff at the center will then contact the owner to confirm that the car really is missing, and keep police informed of the vehicle’s movements via the car’s GPS unit.1. What’s the function of the remote immobilizer fitted to a car?A. To allow the car to lock automatically when stolen.B. To prevent the car thief from restarting it once it stops.C. To help the police make a surprise attack on the car thief.D. To prevent car theft by sending a radio signal to the car owner.2. By saying “The pattern of vehicle crime has changed”(Lines 1-2, Para.3), Martyn Randall suggests that .A. self-prepared tools are no longer enough for car theftB. the thief has to make use of computer technologyC. it takes a longer time for the car thief to do the stealingD. the thief has lost interest in stealing cars over 10 years old3. What is essential in making a modern car tougher to steal?A. A GPS satellite positioning receiver.B. A special cell phone signal.C. A unique ID card.D. a coded ignition key.4. Why does the tracking system set a 100-metre minimum before sending an alarm to the operation center?A. To give the driver time to contact the operations center.B. To allow for possible errors in the GPS system.C. To keep police informed of the car’s movements.5. What will the operation center do first after receiving an alarm?A. Start the tracking system.B. Locate the missing car.C. Contact the car owner.D. Block the car engine.10,A man walks into a doctor’s office. He has a cucumber up his nose, a carrot in his left ear and a banana in his right ear. "What’s the matter with me?" he asks the doctor. The doctor replies, "You’re not eating properly."This is a popular joke among British schoolchildren. It reflects Britain’s famous dry and satirical (讽刺的) way of seeing the funny side of life. This unique sense of humor is often cited as one of Britain’s defining national characteristics."The famous British sense of humor has long been our most cherished national characteristic," says the British journalist Leo Mckinstry. "We have valued it above historic military victories and great works of literature, above our rich scenic landscape and our talent for invention."The British sense of humor differs from other countries because it is generally more negative. When it comes to making the British laugh, there is nothing more effective than a socially inappropriate joke.Popular British comedy shows such as Fawlty Towers, Blackadder and The Office are full of sarcasm (讽刺), teasing and self-deprecation (自嘲). It reflects the culture where mocking (嘲笑), moaning (诉苦) and ridicule is part of everyday life. While most Britons don’t take these jokes too seriously,foreigners are often bemused (迷惑) by them. A recent survey found that most foreigners who visited Britain found that the British are "arrogant (傲慢的), unfriendly and have almost no sense of humor."Do foreigners not understand British humor or are the British just not as funny as they think they are? McKinstry certainly thinks the British are funny. "Accusing the British of having no sense of humor is like telling Rolls-Royce that its cars are down-market," he says.1. The word "dry" in paragraph 2 means ______.A. difficult to understandB. popular among childrenC. dull and uninterestingD. amusing without appearing to be so2. According to Leo McKinstry, which of the following is valued most by the British?A. Historic military victories.B. Great works of literature.C. Their unique sense of humor.D. Their rich scenic landscape.3. British humor has the following characteristics EXCEPT being ______.A. negativeB. arrogantC. satiricalD. self-deprecating4. McKinstry mentioned Rolls-Royce to show that ______.A. the British have good sense of humorB. the British humor is difficult for foreigners to understandC. the British are unfriendlyD. the British are not as funny as they think they are11,I recently wrote an autobiography in which I recalled many old memories. One of them was from my school days, when our ninth grade teacher, Miss Raber, would pick out words from the Reader’s Digest to test our vocabulary.Today, more than 45 years later, I always check out “It pays to Enrich your Word Power” first when the Digest comes each month.I am impressed with that idea, word power. Reader’s Digest knows the power that words have to move people -- to entertain, inform, and inspire. The Digest editors know that the big word isn’t always the best word. Take just one example, a Quotable Quote from the February 1985 issue: “Time is a playful thing. It slips quickly and drinks the day like a bowl of milk.”Seventeen words, only two of them more than one syllable, yet how much they convey! That’s usually how it is with Reader’s Digest. Small and simple can be profound (意义深远).As chairman of a foundation to restore the Statue of Liberty, I’ve been making a lot of speeches lately. I try to keep them fairly short. I use small but vivid words: words like “hope”, “guts”, “faith”, “dreams”. Those are words that move people and say so much about the spirit of America.Don’t get me wrong. I’m not against using big words, when it isright to do so, but I have also learned that a small word can work a miracle -- if it’s the right word, in the right place, at the right time. It’s a “secret” that I hope I never forget.1. The passage is mainly about.A. one of the many old memoriesB. using simple words to express profound ideasC. Reader’s Digest and school speechesD. how to make effective speeches2. It seems that Reader’s Digest is a magazine popular with .A. people of all agesB. teenagersC. school teachersD. elderly readers3. The author’s “secret” is .A. to avoid using big words at any timeB. to use words that have the power to move peopleC. to work a miracle by using a small wordD. to use small and simple words where possible4. According to the author, words that have power can give people .A. hope, courage, and ideasB. confidence, determination, and strengthC. pleasure, knowledge, and encouragementD. humor, information, and power12,While researchers have long shown that tall people earn more than their shorter counterparts, it's not only socialdiscrimination that accounts for this inequality -- tall people are just smarter than their height-challenged peers, a new study finds."As early as age three -- before schooling has had a chance to play a role -- and throughout childhood, taller children perform significantly better on cognitive tests," wrote Anne Case and Christina Paxson of Princeton University in a paper published by the National Bureau of Economic Research.The findings were based primarily on two British studies that followed children born in 1958 and 1970, respectively, through adulthood and a U.S. study on height and occupational choice. Other studies have pointed to low self-esteem, better health that accompanies greater height, and social discrimination as culprits(罪犯) for lower pay for shorter people.But researchers Case and Paxson believe the height advantage in the job world is more than just a question of image."As adults, taller individuals are more likely to select into higher paying occupations that require more advanced verbal and numerical skills and greater intelligence, for which they earn handsome returns," they wrote.For both men and women in the United States and the United Kingdom, a height advantage of four inches equated with a 10 percent increase in wages on average.But the researchers said the differences in performance crop uplong before the tall people enter the job force. Prenatal care(产前护理) and the time between birth and the age of 3 are critical periods for determining future cognitive ability and height. "Prenatal care and prenatal nutrition are just incredibly important, even more so than we already knew," Case said in an interview.Since the study's data only included populations in the United Kingdom and the United States, the findings could not be applied to other regions, Case said.And how tall are the researchers?They are both about 5 feet 8 inches tall, well above the average height of 5 feet 4 inches for American women.1. What can be learnt from the study of Anne Case and Christina Paxson is that ______ .A. the reason for lower pay for shorter people is social discriminationB. taller children perform significantly better on cognitive testC. tall people earn more than shorter counterpartsD. prenatal care and prenatal nutrition are less important than we already knew2. Which period is the most important for determining future cognitive ability and height?A. between age 3 and schoolingB. between birth and the age of 3C. the whole childhoodD. between 1958 and 19703. The underlined phrase “crop up” in the Eighth Paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.A. get inB. rise upC. come upD. stand up4. The best title for this passage would be _______.A. Tall people earn more than shorter counterpartsB. A study on height and occupational choiceC. The difference between tall people and short peopleD. Taller people are smarter13,请用英语写一篇120~150词左右的短文, 简要描述漫画内容, 并结合生活实际, 就漫画主题发表感想, 题目自拟。

2007年联考英语试题“写作”参考范文The program “Helping The Needy Youngsters to Achieve Their Dreams”broadcasted by CCTV is intended to call for the whole society to donate money to the needy youngsters to help them achieve their dreams of entering college. The proposal has gained support from all walks of life and great efforts have been made so that quite a number of poor youngsters did realize their dreams of entering college. （扼要介绍所要论述的问题，开场白）However, there’s still controversy among people about whether we should help needy youngsters this way. Some people are in support of this public spirit while others are worried that the money people donate will not be properly used. Personally, I think that it’s quite necessary and worthwhile to help the poor youngsters to enter college. For one thing, many of the poor youngsters are quite excellent and talented. But unfortunately, they cannot afford the study at college because of poverty. To them, a small sum of money will surely make a difference. For another, most of the poor youngsters are hardworking and diligent. Given the chance of entering college, they are sure to work extremely harder so that they will contribute more to society after graduation. （简介对此问题的不同观点，详细表达自己看法）In brief, the whole society should offer its hand to poor youngsters.But we should also see that donation from society is not the only way. The government should also offer them opportunities to do part-time jobs to help them afford their education. This in turn can also help them learn to be self-reliant. （重述自己观点，并将问题引申—提出其他的解决办法）2006年联考英语试题“写作”参考范文Through decades of efforts and hard work, the Qing-Zang Railroad was successfully completed and put into use on July 1, 2006. This not only marks the development of Chinese engineering technology,but also signifies the ambition of Chinese people to conquer natural difficulties and their hope to be connected with each other. （简介青藏铁路通车情况）The event is of utmost significance to both Tibet and the whole country（主题句）. Tibet is known for its beautiful scenery, unique culture, abundant natural resources, and its remoteness and inaccessibility. The completion of Qing-Zang Railroad will break up the natural barriers between East and West China. Consequently, the resources and talents as well as high-tech will be easy to obtain, which will boost the economic development of Tibet and the rest of China.Also,the Tibetans are now enabled to unveil their cultures to the whole world.Finally,people, especially Tibetans, will find it easier and more convenient to travel to, or within, Tibet. The development of tourism will in turn accelerate the economic growth of Tibet. （从经济发展、文化交流和旅游但方面论述意义）In brief, both Tibet and the country will benefit a lot from the construction ofQing-Zang Railroad. (186 words)2005年写作参考范文I was astonished when I got to know that a shopping center was to be built in the neighborhood and was strongly opposed to it. Undoubtedly, building such a shopping center can benefit the whole neighborhood. However, some troubles and problems it may cause should not be neglected.The first problem is that the convenience of purchasing and the prosperity of business will be achieved at the expense of the peace of the neighborhood. With a potentially large body of consumers coming and going, and with the unending blast of vehicle horns, the peace of the neighborhood will definitely be disturbed. Then comes the problem of security. Surveys have shown that reports of stealing and violence are usually keeping on the rise in a busy neighborhood. Furthermore, traffic jam will be one more problem.Due to the above-mentioned problems, it’s not rational to build a shopping center in the neighborhood. (150 words)模拟试卷一“写作”参考答案：What do holidays mean to you? Exciting trips? Enjoyable shopping experiences? Happy get-togethers? Or just a retreat from the routine harasses? Yes. That’s what holidays mean to almost all ordinary people. But for the society, holidays may carry more economic meanings. After each week-long holiday, there will be statistics reporting considerable profits from tourist industry and other service sectors, like airways, railroad service, catering service and department stores. Indeed, the commercial use of holiday benefits the nation’s economy and lift people’s spirits.Commerce at holiday time prospers the economy. Holidays encourage the ongoing moving of people and flowing of money as well, which greatly boosts the development of economy. When people go traveling, or spend money on gifts and holiday products, jobs are created in various sectors of the economy: manufacturing, distribution, advertising, and retailing. In addition to economic benefits, commercial activity enhances the spirit of holidays. People feel more cheerful at holiday time. Everyone has a fancy program for his or her holiday. Advertising related to holidays further amplifies the atmosphere of festivity. Exchanging gifts and courtesy visits helppeople stay in touch with each other and express their feelings.To conclude, commercialism at holiday time is advantageous for both the individuals and the nation. It gives people a chance for relaxation and improved quality of life and gives the nation a chance for stimulated economy.模拟试卷二“写作”参考答案：Health and wealth are the two things people frequently talk about. To these two topics different people may have different views. Some people assume that wealth is the most important part in their life for it can bring them happiness. Other people believe that nothing is more important than health because without good health they could have nothing including happiness.It is true that both wealth and health can bring happiness to people, but they do not always go hand in hand with happiness. To seek wealth, some weak-willed men may become pickpockets to steal money, or robbers to grab other’s belongings, which are bound to ruin themselves instead of bringing them happiness. On the other hand, it does not follow that a person with a strong body will surely enjoy happiness because the meaning of happiness involves much more than being healthy alone.As for me, which is more important, health or wealth? My priority will be given to health. Health is the foundation of everything. With healthy mind and body, people can strive hard to achieve their goals and make their lives more successful. Even though one may not have money, he can become rich with his hands and his intelligence. However, we had better bear one thing in mind: we should not build up our fortune at the cost of our health.第二章口语交际专项练习答案：Section A 完成对话单元一：1—5 DBACC 6—10 BBDAC单元二：11—15 BDCAD 16—20 BABAA单元三：21—25 BDCCB 26—30 CADCB单元四：31—35 DCCBD 36—40 ABBCASection A 对话理解单元一：1—5 DADBD 6—10 CBAAD单元二：11—15 CCCBC 16—20 BDCBB单元三：21—25 DDBAB 26—30 DBCBD单元四：31—35 BDAAA 36—40 BCCDB单元五：41—45 BCDBC 46—50 CADDB语法结构专项练习答案：单元一：1—5 CBBCC 6—10 BCDCD单元二：11—15 BACCD 16—20 BBADA单元三：21—25 CAAAB 26—30 BDBAD单元四：31—35 ADDAB 36—40 DCDBD单元五：41—45 AACAB 46—50 ABCAB单元六：51—55 ACDDB 56—60 BCDCD单元七：61—65 CABAB 66—70 CBCAC单元八：71—75 CBCBD 76—80 AABDD单元九：81—85 DAADC 86—90 BBDAC单元十：91—95 ACBAA 96—100 BBAAD词汇专项练习答案：单元一：1—5 BDBAC 6—10 DACDC单元二：11—15 DBADA 16—20 CDDAA单元三：21—25 CDDDA 26—30 BAACA单元四：31—35 CACDD 36—40 ABABA单元五：41—45 DCAAD 46—50 CDBAB单元六：51—55 ABDBC 56—60 ABBBC单元七：61—65 CDBAD 66—70 BBDBD单元八：71—75 CCCDC 76—80 BADDB单元九：81—85 AABCB 86—90 DADBC单元十：91—95 ADBCC 96—100 ADBDB阅读理解专项练习答案（见材料317—318页）完形填空专项练习答案：Passage 1 1—5 BDDCD 6—10 ACBDCPassage 2 1—5 CACDB 6—10 AABCDPassage 3 1—5 ADCBB 6—10 BDDBAPassage 4 1—5 DACBA 6—10 DADCDPassage 5 1—5 BAABD 6—10 CBDCBPassage 6 1—5 BBBDC 6—10 CABDDPassage 7 1—5 BDDCD 6—10 AABACPassage 8 1—5 DCBAC 6—10 ACBACPassage 9 1—5 ABAAD 6—10 BDDAAPassage 10 1—5 BBDDC 6—10 ACADDPassage 11 1—5 DDCCC 6—10 BACBAPassage 12 1—5 BCDAD 6—10 BDCBAPassage 13 1—5 AADBC 6—10 ACADAPassage 14 1—5 DBBBD 6—10 ACADAPassage 15 1—5 DACAD 6—10 BAAABPassage 16 1—5 CDABC 6—10 ADBCAPassage 17 1—5 DCCBD 6—10 ADBDCPassage 18 1—5 ACDCA 6—10 ABCDCPassage 19 1—5 DAABC 6—10 ABDBBPassage 20 1—5 DACDB 6—10 CABACPassage 21 1—5 ACCDD 6—10 DCDBCPassage 22 1—5 DAADD 6—10 DDCBBPassage 23 1—5 BACDC 6—10 BACADPassage 24 1—5 ADCDB 6—10 CDDACPassage 25 1—5 DABAD 6—10 CADCBPassage 26 1—5 CCDBA 6—10 CDBCBPassage 27 1—5 ACCAB 6—10 BCABAPassage 28 1—5 CCDAB 6—10 CDAABPassage 29 1—5 ACBDC 6—10 ABDCBPassage 30 1—5 BDCAD 6—10 BADCC英译汉专项练习解析及答案（见材料455—477页）。

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is 1 to say it anyway. He is that 2 bird, a scientist who works independently 3 any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.8 This group generally do well in IQ test, 9 12-15 points above the 10 value of 100, and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the 12 of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, 13 . They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, 14 , have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been 15 to social effects, such as a strong tradition of 16 education. The latter was seen as a (an) 17 of genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately 18 . His argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 state of affairs.1.[A] selected[B] prepared[C] obliged[D] pleased2.[A] unique[B] particular[C] special[D] rare3.[A] of[B] with[C] in[D] against4.[A] subsequently[B] presently[C] previously[D] lately5.[A] Only[B] So[C] Even[D] Hence6.[A] thought[B] sight[C] cost[D] risk7.[A] advises[B] suggests[C] protests[D] objects8.[A] progress[B] fact[C] need[D] question9.[A] attaining[B] scoring[C] reaching[D] calculating10.[A] normal[B] common[C] mean[D] total11.[A] unconsciously[B] disproportionately[C] indefinitely[D] unaccountably12.[A] missions[B] fortunes[C] interests[D] careers13.[A] affirm[B] witness[C] observe[D] approve14.[A] moreover[B] therefore[C] however[D] meanwhile15.[A] given up[B] got over[C] carried on[D] put down16.[A] assessing[B] supervising[C] administering[D] valuing17.[A] development[B] origin[C] consequence[D] instrument18.[A] linked[B] integrated[C] woven[D] combined19.[A] limited[B] subjected[C] converted[D] directed20.[A] paradoxical[B] incompatible[C] inevitable[D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’redealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21.Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22.Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to more stress.23.According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be[A] domestic and temporary.[B] irregular and violent.[C] durable and frequent.[D] trivial and random.24.The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow onlysubscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26.In the first paragraph, the author discusses[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.27.Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28.According to the text, online publication is significant in that[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29.With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.30.Which of the following best summarizes the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger,longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people – especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today, at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height – 5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women – hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”31.Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32.Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33.On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34.We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35.The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More significantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern stateswould not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children – though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36.George Washington’s dental surgery is mentioned to[A] show the primitive medical practice in the past.[B] demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days.[C] stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history.[D] reveal some unknown aspect of his life.37.We may infer from the second paragraph that[A] DNA technology has been widely applied to history research.[B] in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations.[C] historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson’s life.[D] political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history.38.What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?[A] His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.[B] His status as a father made him free the child slaves.[C] His attitude towards slavery was complex.[D] His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39.Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.[B] Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.[C] Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.[D] Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40.Washington’s decision to free slaves originated from his[A] moral considerations.[B] military experience.[C] financial conditions.[D] political stand.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41—45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write. (41) ____________________Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42) ___________________ Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43) ___________________ Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing.(44) ___________________These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45) ___________________Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times – and then again – working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A]To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines sothat you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B]After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, payparticular attention to the introductory and concluding paragraphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C]It’s worth remembering, however, that though a clean copy fresh off a printermay look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems.[D]It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you havedeveloped a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E]Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, whichexplains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the girls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.[F]In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P,” thestudent brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store policies.[G]By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, youwill very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, forwhich reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.Section III WritingPart A51.Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2008年考研英语真题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46.达尔文认为，正是这种困难迫使他长时间专心思考每一个句子，这也使得他在观察和推理中发现错误。

2008届高考英语联考模拟考试（一）英语试卷——2008.04----众志成城，再创佳绩---第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．What does the man mean ?A．He’s already an hour late .B．He’s too nervous to calm down .C．The woman shouldn’t wait to be interviewed .2．When does this conversation take place ?A．At 5:30. B．At 5:00. C．At 6:00.3．What is probably the woman’s job ?A．A boss. B．A secretary . C．An officer .4．What will the woman probably do ?A．Pick up the man at 1:00.B．Mail her two letters to the man .C．Meet her friends at the restaurant .5．How does the woman feel about her essay ?A．Angry . B．Tired . C．Discouraged .第二节（共15小题；每题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A，B，C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

4［A］ susceptible ［B］ subject ［C］ immune ［D］ related
5［A］ imperfect ［B］ perfect ［C］ impersonal ［D］ personal
6［A］ if so［B］ if not all［C］ if ever［D］ if any
2008 年考研英语模拟试题及答案解析
Section Ⅰ Use of English Directionng text. Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. （10 points）
对全部高中资料试卷电气设备，在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行高中资料试卷调整试验；通电检查所有设备高中资料电试力卷保相护互装作置用调与试相技互术关，系电通，力1根保过据护管生高线0产中不工资仅艺料可高试以中卷解资配决料置吊试技顶卷术层要是配求指置，机不对组规电在范气进高设行中备继资进电料行保试空护卷载高问与中题带资22负料，荷试而下卷且高总可中体保资配障料置各试时类卷，管调需路控要习试在题验最到；大位对限。设度在备内管进来路行确敷调保设整机过使组程其高1在中正资，常料要工试加况卷强下安看2与全22过，22度并22工且22作尽2下可护1都能关可地于以缩管正小路常故高工障中作高资；中料对资试于料卷继试连电卷接保破管护坏口进范处行围理整，高核或中对者资定对料值某试，些卷审异弯核常扁与高度校中固对资定图料盒纸试位，卷置编工.写况保复进护杂行层设自防备动腐与处跨装理接置，地高尤线中其弯资要曲料避半试免径卷错标调误高试高等方中，案资要，料求编5试技写、卷术重电保交要气护底设设装。备备4置管高调、动线中试电作敷资高气，设料中课并3技试资件且、术卷料拒管中试试调绝路包验卷试动敷含方技作设线案术，技槽以来术、及避管系免架统不等启必多动要项方高方案中式；资，对料为整试解套卷决启突高动然中过停语程机文中。电高因气中此课资，件料电中试力管卷高壁电中薄气资、设料接备试口进卷不行保严调护等试装问工置题作调，并试合且技理进术利行，用过要管关求线运电敷行力设高保技中护术资装。料置线试做缆卷到敷技准设术确原指灵则导活：。。在对对分于于线调差盒试动处过保，程护当中装不高置同中高电资中压料资回试料路卷试交技卷叉术调时问试，题技应，术采作是用为指金调发属试电隔人机板员一进，变行需压隔要器开在组处事在理前发；掌生同握内一图部线纸故槽资障内料时，、，强设需电备要回制进路造行须厂外同家部时出电切具源断高高习中中题资资电料料源试试，卷卷线试切缆验除敷报从设告而完与采毕相用，关高要技中进术资行资料检料试查，卷和并主检且要测了保处解护理现装。场置设。备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况，然后根据规范与规程规定，制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。

2008年在职英语摸底试题PartⅠ Dialogue Communication (15minutes, 15points)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D .Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue.1． Speaker A: Excuse me, but can you tell us where the conference room is?Speaker B: ______. The conference room is located on the third floor of the hotel.A. Of course, sir.B. Yes, pleaseC. Right, sir.D. You are welcome.2. Speaker A: ______Speaker B: I’m running a temperature, and feel sick.A. What can I do for you?B. What seems to be the trouble?C. What are you doing these days? D .How long has this been going on?3. Speaker A: Nancy, you look very well.Speaker B: Thank you. Jane. You look wonderful too. Your weekend swimming must have done good to you.Speaker A: ______A. You think so? That’s encouragingB. That’s very kind of you.B. Are you serious? Thank you anyway. D. Are you kidding? I d on’t believe it.4. Speaker A: It took me ten years to build up my business, and it almost killed me.Speaker B: Well, you know what they say: ______A. There is no smoke without fire.B. Practice makes perfect.C. All roads lead to Rome.D. No pains, no gains.5. Speaker A: Don’t you smoke?Speaker B: ______A. No. Nothing interests me less than smoking.B. Yes. I have never smoked in my life.C. No. Only once in a while.D. Yes. And I hate others smoking in my face.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices given by mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.6. Woman: I just found out at registration that the creative writing class is full. Now I have to wait a whole year to get in.Man: Why don’t you check back after the first week? Somebody might drop it.Question: What does the man suggest the woman should do?A. Make sure the registration office didn’t make a mi stake.B. Decide whether to drop the course next week.C. Find out if a place opens up in the course later.D. Take the course next year.7. Woman: I hear that the research center has chosen Frank as head of the team. Is that true?Man: You said it. But they must have been out of mind in the choice!Question: What does the woman mean?A. The research center has made a good choice.B. The research center has made a stupid choice.C. The research center is enthusiastic about choosing the head.D. The research center hasn’t made a choice yet.8. Woman: You often complain a lot about your boss. But today you are different.Man: We had a heart-to-heart talk and I saw him with new eyes.Question: What does the man mean?A. He saw his boss as a real person for the first time.B. He is now complaining in a different way.C. He has made his boss change his attitude.D. He has changed his opinion of his boss.9. Woman: Maybe we should take the front street this morning. The radio announcer said that the traffic isvery heavy on the freeway.Man: Well, if he says to take the front street, we should go the other way.Question: What does the man think of the radio announcer?A: He’s humorous. B. He makes no mistakes.C. He doesn’t speak clearlyD. He’s unreliable.10. Woman: I didn’t see you at the concert last night. What’s wrong with you?Man: That’s not my cup of tea.Question: What does the man mean?A. He is not fond of concerts.B. He d idn’t like the tea at the concert.C. He left early to have some tea with somebody else.D. He doesn’t want to tell the woman why he was not there.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.11. The work has_____ the status of a classic among the co mposer’s admirers.A. requiredB. acquiredC. InquiredD. inspired12. Some people think they can read man’s_____ from his handwriting.A. attributeB. featureC. propertyD. character13. The young heir was so ____that he gave all his money away in a couple of years.A. handsomeB. genuineC. talentedD. generous14. Only by understanding the Web deeply ______hope for people to grasp its full potential.A. can there beB. can be thereC. be there canD. there can be15. What you’re _____to read may challenge your assumptions about the kind of world we live in.A. aroundB. aheadC. aboveD. about16. The goal is to use crops, weeds and even animal waste ______the petroleum that fuels much ofAmerican manufacturing.A. in terms ofB. in favor ofC. in spite ofD. in place of17. The _____he said it he knew what a mistake he had made.A. momentB. timeC. occasionD. hour18. I_____ rather solve the problems in my farm myself than seek the help of other people.A. shouldB. shallC. wouldD. will19. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the ______that its disadvantages are fargreater than its advantages.A. solutionB. conclusion C .answer D. attention20. By the time you have completed the essential training, you ______exposed to virtually every newfeature of the course.A. will have beenB. will beC. would have beenD. would be21. Too often teachers’ _____with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehaviors and laziness.A. acquaintancesB. associationsC. conferencesD. consultations22.______I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree that they cannot be solved.A. WhenB. WhereC. WhileD. Why23. He should _____be allowed to get up until he has completely recovered from his illness.A. in caseB. in any caseC. in that caseD. in no case24. If nature does not provide man with the necessary material, it is the laboratory ___he will turn to for it.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. what25. All flights _____because of the snowstorm, they decided to take the train.A. were cancelledB. have been cancelledC. had been cancelledD. having been cancelled26. I really appreciate _____to help me, but I am sure that I can manage it myself.A. you to comeB. that you comeC. your comingD. how you come27. A new system of quality control was to overcome the shortcomings in the f irm’s products.A. investedB. informedC. introducedD. instructed28. It may be worthwhile at this moment to ____ and see what results we have got after one year’s experiments.A. look backB. look aroundC. look upD. look forward29. I don't think Mi Watson will come here again today. Please give the ticket to comes here first.A. whomeverB. whomC. whoD. whoever30. Far too many owners of electric appliances have a hard time _ _ qualified repairmen to fix theirmachinesA finding B. to find C to finding D. having foundPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 40 points)Directions:There are 4 passages in this part. Each of the passages is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneDon't have time to read anymore? Now you can get free, quick literature via email. More than 100,000 people open their email each day to read a chapter of a book, through Chapter-A-Day, an online book club created two years ago. It's a free email service that provides a short daily reading for busy people, exposing them to literature they may not find on their own, inspiring some to recommit to the reading habit. About 550 public library systems representing over 3,000 branch libraries already have signed up to offer Chapter-A-Day. Via email, participants get about five minutes' worth of reading every day. After three chapters are emailed, the installments stop, and those who want to keep reading canborrow the book at their public library or purchase it online. Chapter-A-Day has eight free book clubs, and sells thousands of books each month.Chapter-A-Day started in 1999 when Suzanne Beecher, a lifelong book lover, realized how many of the women who worked part-time for her software development company didn't have time in their busy lives to read. She decided to type part of a chapter of a book, and send it to her employees through email. The next day she typed a little more, and continued to send literary installments each day. She says she started getting feedback from the staff about how reading made them feel. "They were interested, and realized that, though they didn't have time in their busy lives for reading, just reading that little bit each day got them back in the habit". Realizing that many other people could benefit, she decided to take the idea even further and start an email "chapter-a-day" book club to help others ease their way back into daily reading. "Reading makes changes in people's lives." Beecher says.Pat Dempsey, a librarian at a public library in Ohio, has found Chapter-A-Day helps her library clients get back in the habit of reading. "It's a different way to get people hooked on books," she says.31. Chapter-A-Day is intended to help people _ _.A. get back into the habit of readingB. relieve stress from office workC. find interesting books onlineD. buy books more conveniently32. The passage was written in _.A. 1999B. 2000C. 2001D. 200233. It can be inferred that through Chapter-A-Day _ _.A. public libraries have become crowded with readersB. MS Beecher made much money for her software companyC. people begin to read very slowly and patientlyD. people cannot finish reading any book online34. The word "installment" in the passage probably means “”.A. a library emailB. a rare piece of literatureC. a free novelD. a part of a book35. Ms Beecher decided to expand her Chapter-A-Day service because .A. over 3,000 libraries had joinedB. many other people could benefitC. eight book clubs supported herD. free email service was availablePassage TwoChicago Public Schools are going to great lengths to hire teachers—now the school district recruits teachers from other countries to help solve a shortage of teachers. It all started in 1999,when Rouses Hannon, a math and physics teacher from Palestine(巴勒斯坦)，visited Chicago. He read about the teacher shortage at Chicago Public Schools and asked the school board if they’d hire him. The board was interested and decided to create a special program for foreign-born teachers like Hannon, and he was the first teacher hired.The program is called the Global Educator Outreach or GEO, and it’s a partnership between in Chicago is so extreme, the Government allows the school district to temporarily hire foreign teaching candidates using H1-B visas. The Government grants these vise only to skilled foreign-born citizens so they can work in highly specialized jobs that can’t be filled with available U.S. workforce.Through the GEO, the school district has hired dozens of teachers from 22 different countries. Applicants must pass an English language test and specialize in math, science, world language or bilingual(双语的) education. Hannon and the first GEO teachers started in the classroom at the beginning of the 2000-2001 school year.What do the GEO teachers think of the American classroom? Hannon, who was hired to teach math at Gage Park High School, says classrooms in Chicago are very different from those in Palestine. For one thing, he says, the fixed schedule that forces students to attend the same classes at the same time each day becomes too dull. In Palestine, the class schedule changes each week. He says in Palestine, the culture forces students to work hard because if they don’t they’ll be kicked out and put in vocational schools, which limits their career options. There is not nearly as much pressure for American students to do well. He says he has to do double the amounts of work just to get his students interested.36. Chicago Public Schools began to employ foreign teachers because .A. there were not enough American teachersB. a program for foreign teachers was startedC. the school board was interested in foreign teachersD. foreign teachers taught better than American teachers37. The American Government is involved in the program becauseA. the schools are public schoolsB. the Government is to finance the programC. the Government grants visas to the foreign teachersD. the program involves bilingual education38. It seems that the Global Educator Outreach will .A. be difficult to continueB. last a limited period of timeC. pose a threat to US workforceD. be extended to other cities39. Chicago Public Schools do not seem to lack teachers of .A. EnglishB. mathC. scienceD. world language40. Hannon, as a GEO teacher, has found that .A. class schedules in America and Palestine are very much the sameB. fixed class schedules make it easy for teachers to prepare lessonsC. vocational schools offer a good career option for American studentsD. American students do not work as hard as Palestinian studentsPassage ThreeWorkforce is defined as the total number of people who are available to work and earn incomes. The definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes employers and the self-employed.Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population, there are several other influences which also affect it. The age distribution of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the population grows rapidly from natural increase, i.e., the number of births greatly exceeds the number of deaths, then as the total population increases, the proportion in the workforce declines.Sometimes a population is described as aging, which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly, and as people retire from the workforce, there are not enough young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels, finances must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax receipts are relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.41. Workforce is composed of .A. both the employed and the self-employedB. people employed to work for othersC. both employers and employeesD. people available to work and earn incomes42. The factor that does not influence the size of the workforce is .A. the size of the total populationB. the age distribution of a populationC. the national economyD. the natural population growth43. It can be concluded from Paragraph 2 that .A. a population growth leads to a greater proportion of workforceB. a large population does not necessarily mean a high proportion of workforceC. the size of the aged determines the proportion of workforceD. the proportion of the very young determines the size of workforce44. The size of the workforce declines when .A. many people reach the retiring ageB. the birth rate falls rapidlyC. the number of retirees exceeds that of new workersD. the death rate increases45. The last paragraph focuses on .A. the factors that influence the workforce structureB. the importance of workforce distribution to the economyC. the relationship between age distribution and economyD. the influence of population growth on the national economyPassage FourHonesty is the best policy, as the English saying goes. Unfortunately, honesty often deserts us when no one is watching. British psychologists reported last week.Researchers at UK's Newcastle University set up an experiment in their psychology department's coffee room. They set a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk on the counter and hung up a sign listing the prices for drinks. People helping themselves to a cup of drink were supposed to put a few cents in the box nearby. The scientists hung a poster above the money box, and it changed each week between images of gazing eyes and pictures of flowers. The researchers found that staff paid 2.76 times mole for their drinks when the image of the eyes was hung. "Frankly we were shocked by the size of the effect." said Gilbert Roberts, one of the researchers.Eyes are known to be a powerful perceptual (感官的) signal for humans. "Even though the eyes were not real, they still seemed to make people behave more honestly." said Melissa Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study.Researchers believe the effect sheds light on our evolutionary past. It may arise from behavioral features that developed when early humans formed social groups to strengthen their chances of survival. For social groups to work, individuals had to co-operate, rather than act selfishly. "There's an argument that if nobody is watching us, it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we're being watched weshould behave better. So people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us." Bateson said.The new finding indicates that people have a striking response to eyes. That might be because eyes and faces send a strong biological signal we have evolved to respond to. The finding could be put to practical use, too. For example, images of eyes could increase ticket sales on public transport and improve supervision systems to prevent antisocial behavior.46. The experiment conducted in Newcastle University shows that .A. people enjoy free drinks more than paid onesB. most people are dishonest if nobody is watchingC. people like pictures of flowers more than pictures of eyesD. people are more honest when watched by pictures of eyes47. Gilbert Roberts was shocked because .A. so many people had participated in the experimentB. so many of the participants were dishonestC. the effects of the pictures of flowers and gazing eyes were so differentD. the effects of eyes and other perceptual signals were so powerful48. The phrase "sheds li ght on" in Paragraph 4 probably means “” .A. hints atB. makes clearerC. points toD. further proves49. According to the passage, early humans .A. were less selfish than the present-day peopleB. were more co-operative in natureC .had to be co-operative to survive D. had to behave better than the present-day people50. Images of eyes could be put up in the following places EXCEPT .A. subway entrancesB. supermarketsC. back streetsD. hotel bedroomsPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank. , there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.German zoologist Randolf Menzel says bees aren't as busy as people believe they are. “Bees are not particularly 51 . Instead they sleep a lot and are lazy. They spend 52 _ 80 per cent of the night sleeping. Even during the day they often fly to the nest 53 they rest their wings,” said Menzel, a zoologist at the Free University in Berlin, who has studied bees for four decades. But to 54 for their apparent laziness, they are actually very intelligent. They are 55 learners and able to recognize various smells.Menzel said bees' learning, like 56 of many animals, was based on a reward system. "If a bee is rewarded once for something, it remembers it for a week. But if it is rewarded three times, it will remember it for its 57 lifetime." said Menzel. He last week was awarded a 58 by the German Zoological Society.The memory capacity of bees means they can _ 59 among more than 50 different smells to find the one they want. "What is interesting is that what smells good to a bee, is also a 60 smell for humans,” said Menzel.51. A. working hard B. hardworking C. hard working D. working hardly52. A. as to B. as much C. up to D. such as53. A .what B. to which C. in that D. where54. A .compensate B. provide C. search D. account55. A. rapid B. swift C. speedy D .quick56. A. those B. which C. that D. what57. A. full B. integrate C. all D. entire58. A. prize B. praise C. price D. pride59. A. discriminate B. distinguish C. divide D. derive60. A. sickening B. pleasant C. harsh D. gracefulPart V Translation (30 minutes, 10 points)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and put your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.Each year in the United States more people are killed or injured in accidents—at home, at work or school, at play, or while traveling—than were killed or injured in the Vietnam war. In the early 1990s, about half of these accidental deaths were the result of motor-vehicle accidents. Other major causes of accidental deaths were falls, fires, and poisoning. On a worldwide basis, accidents involving motor vehicles are the primary cause of accidental deaths, followed by accidents in industry and in the home.Efforts to lessen or to eliminate the hazardous conditions that cause accidents are known as safely measures. Safety is a growing concern around the world, and safety skills are being taken more seriously today than ever before. People have come to realize that safety skills can be learned, and most safety experts agree that it is possible to predict, and take steps to prevent, the majority of accidents. Few accidents simply "happen". Most are caused by ignorance, carelessness, neglect, or lack of skill.Part VI Writing (30 minutes, 15 points)Directions：You are to write in no less than 120 words about the title “What I Consider Important in Life”．Your composition should be based on the Chinese outline given below．1．人生有不同的目标：富有、名气、地位、幸福的家庭等…2．其中我认为重要的是…；理由是…3．结论…。

2008年统考英语模拟试题（含讲解答案）试点高校网络教育部分公共基础课全国统一考试模拟试题[大学英语B]第一部分交际英语此部分共有5个未完成的对话，针对每个对话中未完成的部分有4个选项，请你从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.—Is there _____ good on TV this evening?—Sorry, nothing good.A. nothingB. anythingC. somethingD. everything题目解析：译文“今天晚上电视里有好节目吗？；对不起，没有。

”，因为只有anything带有否定/疑问的意思，.所以正确答案为B。

2.—What does Mary look like?—_____A. She looks very well.B. She likes parties a lot.C. She likes her mother.D. She is tall and thin.A. B. C. D. 正确答案：D题目解析：译文“玛丽看起来怎么样？”，look like “外貌特征是……”所以只有D是对外貌的描述“她又高又瘦。

”，正确答案为D。

3.—Where is Japan?—Have you got _____ map? Let me show you.A. aB. anC. theD. /A. B. C. D. 正确答案：A题目解析：译文“日本在哪里？；你有地图吗？我指给你看。

”问题中说的“你有地图吗？”是没有特指哪一张的，又由于map是辅音开头字母，所以A正确。

4.Li: Hello. I' m ringing about the flat advertised in today's STAR. _____Mrs. Green: Yes, it is. Two or three people have rung up about it, but nobody's been to see it yet.A. Is it still available?B. Is it still empty?C. Is it still free?D. Is it still blank?A. B. C. D. 正确答案：A题目解析：解析：译文“李：你好，请问在今日之星杂志上面登广告的那个公寓，……？格林女士：是的，还有，两三个人已经打电话询问它了，但是还没有人来看。

2008年MBA、MPA、MPAcc联考英语试题Section I Vocabulary(略)Section II ClozeDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil. (10 points)Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes 21 different nations compete against each other in a 22 of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the Winter Olympics.In order to 23 the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the International Olympic Committee(IOC). After all proposals have been 24 , the IOC votes. If no city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with 25 rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, 26 the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the 27 of the Olympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to 28 the Games effectively.The IOC also 29 which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. 30 , Tolkyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico City, Mexico, the host of the 1968 summer Games, were chosen 31 to popularize the Olympic movement in Asia and in Latin America. 32 the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into 33 the host city’s time zone. 34 the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay 35 higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events 36 , in prime viewing hours.37 the Games have been awarded, it is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television 38 and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many 39 there is also direct government support.Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially 40 . When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the citywas left with large debts.请在答题界面回答21-40题Section III Reading Comprehension Directions:There are 4 passages in this section, Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim(the house)in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto(座右铭)was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’ ,” says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side.”Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400, 000 companies worldwide will exchange some10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-services exchange in France offers more than 4, 600 services, from math lessons to ironing.This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls“the double coincidence of wants. ”That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered” because many media, particularly on the Web can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade” trading partners for honesty, quality, and so on. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyper-inflation or non-tradable currencies to enter global trades. Next year, a non-profit exchange called Quick Lift Two(QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38, 000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” For them, barter evokes a bright future, not aprecapitalist past.请在答题界面回答41-45题Passage 2Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jersey’s biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th, has shaken the city. A fourth, who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids, all enrolled in college, all with a future. But the cruel murder, it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough.Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shooting, have been flooded with offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail, its co-founder, says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50, 000 to promise to “stop shooting, start thinking, and keep living”. The Newark Community Foundation, which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye, a surveillance(监视)system tailored towards gun crime.Cory Booker, who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city, believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square-mile area where 80%of the city’s recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned.When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr. Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week.Mr. Booker, as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness. For generations, Newark has been paralyzed by poverty—almost one in three people lives below the poverty line—and growing indifference to crime.Some are skeptical. Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60%of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7%of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark: now, a year later, the figure is 30％. Mr. Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11％and shootings are down 30％(though the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high).请在答题界面回答46-50题Passage 3Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship, in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship.The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from the partner; in other words, an “escape fund”.Margaret’s story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100, 000 on top of her pension.Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d be hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage. “He’d think it was my escape fund so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure. ”Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money.Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen, for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. “I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day. ”“When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives.I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund, that I feel very secure in our relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security. ”请在答题界面回答51-55题Passage 4Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:“The word ‘protection’ is no longer taboo (禁忌语). ” This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause.These leaders, of course, weren’t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they’ d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned—though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asian, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade.That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debate. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West. Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Joseph Schumpeter, who said that “creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles. Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice.A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Look at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund). The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions.The time has therefore come for the Asians—who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy—to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade: Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us, worse off, in one way or another.请在答题界面回答56-60题Section IV TranslationDirections:In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)The term “business model” first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序). Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what-if questions about the critical assumptions on which your business depended—for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought? — and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any change would play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spreadsheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.Section V WritingDirections:In this section, you are asked to write an essay based on the following information. Make comments and express your own opinion. You should write at least 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)以往, 许多人报考成人高校是为了圆文凭梦。

2008年同等学力申硕英语全国统一考试真题Paper One 试卷一Part ⅠDialogue communication (10minutes, 10points)Section A Dialogue completionDirections: in this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET .1. A: Bob, would you mind turning down the TV a little? I’m talking on the phone, and I’m having a hard time hearing.B:＿A. Please forgive me.B. Oh, sure! I’m sorry about that.C. You should have told me earlier.D. I’m sorry to hear about it.2. A : Hi, I’m your neighbor in 405, next door. I’m Sunny Chan.B:＿A. I moved here about a week ago.B. Hope we could become good neighbors.C. Hi! Everyone here seems very friendly.D. Jill Kingston. Nice to meet you.3. A: Could you run me over to the office? I’m late. My clock must be slow.B:＿A. Yes, never mind. I would rather give you a lift.B. All right. But you should buy a new clock.C. It’s my pleasure. May I help you fix your clock, too?D. Yeah, I’ll be glad to drop you off on my way to work.4. A: I’m sorry. He’s not in his office.B:＿A. Are you sure he will be back soon?B. Would you like to leave a message?C. Can you take a message for me?D. Shall I call him sometime later?5. A: Do you mind if I take off my jacket?B: ＿A. Of course not, make yourself at home.B. Oh, it’s very kind of you to do so.C. I’ll be happy if I can be of any help.D. Yes, it’s pretty warm in here.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. Man: Bob and Sue seem never discipline their daughter. She’s real nuts.Woman: They are kept in the dark about their daughter’s behavior at schoolQuestion: what can we learn about Bob and Sue’s daughter?A. She like to eat nuts.B. She is self-disciplined.C. She behaves badly at school.D. She enjoys leaving her parents in the dark..7. Woman: Now, Richard, would you care to explain how the answers to the test questions appeared on your desk?Man: I can’t. Professor Harley. Someone must have left them on my desk.Question: What is the man’s problem?A. He is suspected of cheating.B. He left the answers on his desk.C. He doesn’t know how to explain.D. He didn’t know the answers to the questions.8. Woman: Don’t forget to drop me a line when you settle down.Man: I won’t. I’ll keep you posted.Question: What does the man mean?A. He’ll write to the woman.B. He’ll tell the woman his new address.C. He’ll visit the woman once in a while.D. He’ll chat with the woman on the phone.9. Man: Betty, how was your trip to the museum with Tom this afternoon?Woma n: Don’t ask me.Question: What does the woman mean?A. Something about the museum interested her.B. Something was wrong with the trip.C. She doesn’t know anything about the museum.D. She doesn’t want to answer the man’s question.10. Man: Hey, Mary. I was invited to be a judge for the Miss America BeautyContest.Woman: Oh, really? Come on, you’re pulling my leg.Question: What does the woman mean?A. She has no change to win.B. The man is encouraging her.C. She’ll attend the contest.D. The man is trying to fool her.Part II Vocabulary (10minutes, 10 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11. The survey does not allow for the fact that some students are attending part-time.A. explain B deny C. consider D recognize12 British scientists have found how to diagnose the disease, which causes loss of memory and personality change.A controlB determineC preventD treat13 Witnesses were allegedly tortured or subjected to pressure to fabricate evidence against him.A fix upB take upC pack upD make up14 So instead we spent the whole afternoon hanging around in the gorgeous autumn sun.A. goldenB. beautifulC. warmD. shining15 I couldn’t work out why anyone would invent something so boring.A draw upB bring aboutC put forwardD figure out16. You can easily find out the benefits of flexible working for both you and your employer.A. looseB. effectiveC. elasticD. resourceful17. The State Department has issued a regulation abolishing the special privileges for government officials.A. grantsB. rightsC. advantagesD. interests18. Will Americans go for AT&T’S plan of pushing the wireless services in the U.S?A. supportB. adoptC. hinderD. attack19. What lies in pieces around them represents, in effect, a unique private exhibition open to a lucky few .A. in shortB. in particularC. in factD. in turn20. The weekend event will be centered around Wye college in Ashford, Kent, but the outing to the docks should be the highlight.A. climaxB. pleasureC. expectationD. surpriseSection BDirections: In this section .there are 10 incomplete sentences .For each sentences there are 4 choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentences. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. Then in June 1967 the country diplomatic relations with Israel after the outbreak of the Six Day War.A. broke awayB. broke offC. cut outD. cut down22. Everyone has faced the embarrassing of deciding how much extra to give a waiter or taxi-driver.A. incidentB. eventC. dilemmaD. menace23. The school arranged road trip appears to the spring break.A . conform to B. coincide with C. consist in D. collide with24. The new airport terminal is sure to the development of tourism.A. imitateB. fascinateC. imposeD. facilitate25. The Huntington Library has an collection of rare books and manuscripts of British and American history and literature.A. intensiveB. intentionalC. extensiveD. extensional26. Inflation will reach its highest in a decade across most of Asia this year, threatening to______ recent productivity gains.A. reverseB. reserveC. retrieveD. revise27. Those governments will provide big food and fuel according to the Asian Development Bank.A. substitutesB. substancesC. subsequencesD. subsidies28. In mild winters apple buds began to break soon after Christmas, leaving them to frost damage.A. reluctantB. toughC. hostileD. vulnerable29. What is happening is a survival-of-the-fittest struggle affecting smaller factories in relatively low-tech, labor-intensive industries.A. primarilyB. rationallyC. primitivelyD. respectively30. A traditional critic has the advantage of being able to _____standards and values inherited from the past.A .turn up B. turn over C .turn to D. turn inPartⅢ Reading Comprehension (45minutes, 25point)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneThe job was done, and it was time for a last cigarette. Eddie began tapping the pockets of his overalls, looking for the new packet of Marlboro be had bought that morning. It was not there.It was as he swung around to look in his toolbox for the cigarettes that Eddie saw the lump. Right in the middle of the brand new bright red carpet, there was a lump.A lump the size of a packet of cigarettes.“I’ve done it again!” said Eddie angrily. “I’ve left the cigarettes under the carpet!”He had done this once before, and taking up and refitting the carpet had taken him two hours. Eddie was determined that he was not going to spend another two hours in this house. He decided to get rid of the lump another way. It would mean wasting a good packet of cigarettes, nearly full, but anything was better than taking up the whole carpet and fitting it again. He turned to his toolbox for a large hammer.Eddie didn’t want to damage the carper itself, so he took a block of wood and placed it on top of the lump. Then he began to beat the block of wood as hard as he could .He kept beating, hoping Mrs. Vanbrugh wouldn’t hear the noise and come to see what he was doing. It would be difficult to explain why he was hammering the middle of her beautiful new carpet…The lump was beginning to flatt en out.After three or four minutes, the job was finally finished. Eddie picked up his tools, and began to walk out to his car. Mrs. Vanbrugh accompanied him. She seemed a little worried about something.“Young man, while you were working today. you didn’t by any chance see any sign of Armand, did you ?Armand is my bird. I let him out of his cage, you see, this morning, and he’s disappeared. He likes to walk around the house, and he usually just comes back to his cage after an hour or so and gets right in. Only today he didn’t come back. He’s never done such a thing before, it’s most peculiar….”“No, madam, I haven’t seen him anywhere,” said Eddie, as he reached to start the car.And he saw his packet of Marlboro cigarettes on the panel, where he had left it at lunchtime….And he remembered the lump in the carpet….31 what did Eddie want to do when he had finished fitting the carpet?A. To have a cigarette.B. To hammer the carpet flat.C. To put back his tools.D. To start work in the dinning room.32. Why didn’t Eddie take out the thing under the carpet?A. it was impossible for him to take up the carpet once it was fitted.B. he didn’t need the cigarettes because he had some more in the car.C. it would take too long to take up the carpet and refit it.D. he intended to come back and remove the lump the next day.33. What did Eddie do with the hammer?A. He drove nails into the lump.B. He fixed his toolbox.C. He refitted the carpet.D. He flattened the lump.34. Mrs. Vanbrugh worried that_______.A. her pet was nowhere to be foundB. fitting the carpet would be expensiveC. Eddie would smoke in the houseD. Eddie hadn’t done a proper job35. What was really under the carpet?A. The packet of cigarettes.B. Eddie’s hammer.C.A lump of wood.D. The missing pet.Passage TwoIf two scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory are correct, people will still be driving gasoline-powered cars 50 years from now, giving out heat-trapping carbon dioxide into the atmosphere--and yet that carbon dioxide will not contribute to global warming. The scientists, F. Jeffrey Martin and William L. Kubic Jr. are proposing a concept, which they have patriotically named Green Freedom for removing carbon dioxide from the air and turning it back into gasoline.The idea is simple. Air would be blown over a liquid solution which would absorb the carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide would then be extracted and subjected to chemical reactions that would turn it into fuel. Although they have not yet built a fuel factory, or even a small prototype, the scientists say it is all based on existing technology. “Everything in the concept has been built, is operating or has a close cousin that is operating.” Dr. Martin said. The proposal does not violate any laws of physics, and other scientists have independently suggested similar ideas.In the efforts to reduce humanity’s emissions of carbon dioxide, three solutions have been offered: hydrogen-powered cars, electric cars and biofuels. Biofuels are gasoline substitutes produced from plants like corn or sugar cane. Plants absorb carbon dioxide as they grow, but growing crops for fuel takes up wide strips of land. Hydrogen-powered cars emit no carbon dioxide, but producing hydrogen requires energy, and if that energy comes from coal-fired power plants, then the problem has not been solved. The problem with electric cars is that they have typically been limited to a range of tens of miles as opposed to the hundreds of miles that can be driven on a tank of gas.Gasoline, it turns out, is an almost ideal fuel (except that it produces carbon dioxide).If it can be made out of carbon dioxide in the air, the Los Alamos conceptmay mean there is little reason to switch, after all.“It’s definitely worth pursuing,” said Martin I. Hoffert, a professor of physics at New York University. “It has a couple of pieces to it that are interesting.” Other scientists also said the proposal looked promising but could not evaluate it fully because the details had not been published.36. What is most remarkable about the proposal made by the two scientists?A. It is given a patriotic name.B. No law of physics is violated.C. It is based on existing technology.D. Carbon dioxide can be converted into fuel.37. What is the biggest problem with hydrogen-powered cars?A. There is no cheap source of hydrogen.B. There might be a safety problem in hydrogen production.C. They may still be a cause of global warming.D. They are not suitable for long-distance travel.38. If what is proposed by the two scientists become true, _________.A. air pollution will become a thing of the pastB. there will be no need for gasoline substitutesC. people will be able to use much cheaper energyD. there will be no more biofuel-powered vehicles39. Which of the following can best describe the attitude of Martin I. Hoffert to the proposal?A. IndifferentB. PositiveC. SuspiciousD. Critical40. The passage is mainly written to_________.A. introduce a new conceptB. compare different energy sourcesC. stress the importance of gasolineD. discuss solutions to global warmingPassage ThreeIn her international bestselling Talk to the Hand, author Lynne Truss argues that common courtesies such as saying “Excuse me” are practically extinct. There are certainly plenty who would agree with her.Is it true? We decided to find out by experiments. In dozens of American cities, our reporters performed two experiments: “door tests”( would anyone hold one open for them?); and “document drops”(who would help them retrieve a pile of “accidentally” dropped papers?). Along the way, the reporters encountered all types: men and women of different races, ages, professions, and income levels.While 90 percent of the people passed the door test, only 55 percent passed the document drop. Are people less likely to help others when doing so takes extra effort or time? Not always, the reporters found. Take the pregnant woman who thought nothing of bending down to help us with our papers. Or the woman named Liz who balanced two coffees, her keys and her wallet on a takeout tray with one hand, while picking up papers off the wet pavement with the other .Her reason for helping? “I was there,” she said.Overall, men were the most willing to help, especially when it came to document drops. In those, men offered aid 63 percent of the time, compared to 47 percent among women. Of course, men were not entirely democratic about whom they’d help. All of them held the door for the female reporter, and were more than twice as likely to help her pick up fallen papers than they were to help our male reporter.By far, the most common reason people cited for being willing to go out of their way to help others was their upbringing. “It’s the way I was raised.” said one young woman who held a door open despite struggling with her umbrella on a rainy day in Brooklyn.We realize this isn’t a rigorous scientific study, but we believe it is a reasonable real-world test of good manners around the globe. And it’s comforting to know that in a plac e where millions of people push one another each day to get ahead, they’reable to do it with a smile. Hey, if they can make nice here, they can make nice anywhere.41. Which of the following is the best word to describe he experiments?A. Scientific.B. BiasedC. Revolutionary.D. Realistic42. The examples of the pregnant woman and Liz are used to show that some people____.A. may take the trouble to help othersB. won’t take the trouble to help othersC. may help others save timeD. won’t help ot hers save time43. According to the experiments, ___________.A. women are more carefulB. woman are more likely to need helpC. men are more ready to helpD. men are more democratic in helping others.44. Helping others is a behavior that is largely influenced by ______A. social normB. family educationC. specific situationD. personal character45 The results of the experiments have shown that common courtesies_____A. Are still with usB. are disappearingC. vary with professionsD. need rigorous studyPassage FourWithin a large concrete room, cut out of a mountain on a freezing-cold island just 1,000 kilometers from the North Pole, could lie the future of humanity.The room is a vault(地下库) designed to hold around 2 million seeds, representing all known varieties of the world’s crops. It is being built to safeguard the word’s food supply against nuclear war, climate change, terrorism, rising sea levels, earthquakes an d the collapse of electricity supplies “if the worst came to the wors t, this would allow the world to reconstruct agriculture on this planet,” says Cary Fowler, director of the global Crop Diversity Trust ,an independent international organization promoting the project .The Norwegian (挪威的)government is planning to create the seed bank next year at the request of crop scientists. The $3 million vault will be built deep inside a sandstone mountain on the Norwegian Arctic island of Spitsbergen. The vault will have metre-thick walls of reinforced concrete and will be protected behind two airlocks and high-security doors.The vault’s seed collection will represent the products of some 10,000 years of plant breeding by the world’s farmers, though most are no longer widely planted, the varieties contain vital genetic properties still regularly used in plant breeding .To survive, the seeds need freezing temperatures. Operators plan to replace the air inside the vault each winter, when temperatures in Spitsbergen are around -18 °C. But even if some disaster meant that the vault was abandoned, the permanently frozen soil would keep the seeds alive. And ever accelerated global warming would take many decades to penetrate the mountain vault.“This will be the world’s most secure gene bank.,” says Fowler. “But its seeds will only be used when all other samples have gone for some reason."The project comes at a time when there is growing concern about the safety of existing seed banks around the world .Many have been criticized for their poor security, ageing refrigeration(冷藏）systems and vulnerable electricity supplies.The scheme won UN approval at a meeting of the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome in October 2005. A feasibility study sail the facility "would essentially be built last forever."46. The Norwegian vault is important in that______A. the seeds in it represent the rarest varieties of world is crops.B. the seeds in it could revive agriculture if the worst thing should happen.C. it is built deep in a mountain on a freezing-cold Arctic island.D. it is strong enough against all disasters caused by man and nature47. The seed bank project was proposed by______.A. the Norwegian governmentB. Norwegian farmersB. Spitsbergen residents D. agricultural scientists48. The seeds in the vault will be stored________.A. as samples of world crop varietiesB. as products of world plant breedingC. for their valuable genetic propertiesD. for their resistance to plant diseases49. For the seed bank project to be successful, the most important factor is probably_____.A. constructing tight airlocksB. maintaining high securityC. keeping freezing temperaturesD. storing large quantities of seeds50. Which of the following statements is true?A. The Norwegian vault models after existing seed banksB. The Spitsbergen seed bank is expected to last 10,000 yearsC. The existing seed banks have potential problemsD. The UN financed the Spitsbergen seed bankPassage FiveProbably the hardest of setting goals is the first step of actually deciding to take action! The first barrier facing most people is the incorrect assumption that goals are only for business people. The reality is everyone sets goals mentally throughout the day. There are always occasions where something has to be done at a particular time or in a particular place. Simple examples could be getting up at certain time in order to be at work, or to meet with a friend for a leisure activity.The beauty of having goals is the uniqueness of each one to the goal setter. Whether it is personal, financial, business, or spiritual, they are all specific to that person and their circumstances.The most important part initially is to write them down. Having goals written down gives you incredible power while helping you to focus on this area.Aim for something that will stretch you while remaining achievable. If you achieve your goal too easily, it is not high enough to make any significant change in your life and needs to be adjusted. On the other hand, if you consistently miss the goals, re-evaluate, and consider setting them a little lower as you will only get discouraged and probably give up. The aim is to keep growing, and moving into a more satisfactory position for your particular circumstances.As you obtain the levels that you have set for yourself, always include a small reward at each point. This might only be a small thing in the early days like a meal out or a weekend vacation.Remember that these changes will not happen overnight and there will be a period of time when nothing seems be happening. This is why the goals need to be detailed and as specific as possible with a consequence and benefit.Allow some time on a daily basis to educate yourself on how to make the necessary adjustments in your life. This could include listening to a CD, or reading a book on motivation etc.A simple method to start with could be one goal in the main areas of life to be achieved in one month, six months, twelve months or five years .break that down further into a daily, weekly and monthly system. Stay focused and disciplined to achieve all that you desire.51. The simple examples in Paragraph 1convey the message that _____A. goals are set mostly for important thingsB. most people know when it is time to set goalsC. people set goals to get things done all the timeD. it is necessary to set goals occasionally52. The charm of having goals is that each goal is ______A. importantB. motivatedC. specialD. spiritual53 A good goal is one that ______A. keeps growing all the timeB. is high enough yet attainableC. moves one into a satisfactory positionD. is evaluated from time to time54. Goals have to be detailed so that people _____.A. can know their achievements at each stageB. will eventually reach the levels set for themselvesC. may get small rewards such as a meal outD. can adjust them on various occasions55. For a goal to be achieved, one has to ______.A believe in what he is doingB adapt oneself to new changesC divert from routine sometimesD concentrate on it until it is attainedPart IV Cloze (15minutes, 15points)Directions : in this part ,there is a passage with 15 blanks .For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D .choose the best answer foe each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.A presentation has two important components: what you say and _56_ you deliver it. The term delivery covers a wide __57__ of features of speaking and eye contact is one of them.The appropriate use of eye contact _58_from one culture to another. In some cultures, women are __59__to lower their eyes in most communication __60__; in others, younger people must keep their eyes lowered when addressing older people. __61_, in the United States, _62___you are addressing an individual, a small group of people, or a larger audience, you are expected to look at them .You do not have to stare _63_ and continuously; _64__, it is appropriate when speaking to one person to _65__ occasionally .In a small group you should look around at the different members of the group. _66__when addressing a larger audience, you should try to make eye contact with different people around room. It is important to look at the _67__ audience, not just the people in the centre of the room._68 you will probably have to turn your head and/or your body in order to make proper eye contact with people _69at the sides of the room, if you look at the floor or the ceiling, you will give the impression that you are not interested in your audience.A speaker establishes friendly relationship with the audience mainly _70_ eye contact, and good relationship is essential to the success of any speech.56. A .why B. whom C. how D. where57. A. stretch B. expanse C. extent D. range58. A. varies B .alters C. specifies D. differentiates59. A. assumed B. proposed C. expected D. desired60. A. domains B. settings C. scopes D. environments61. A. Otherwise B. Moreover C. Likewise D. However62 .A .whether B. either C. though D. unless63 .A. constantly B. intensely C. properly D. desperately64. A. in addition B. for instance C. in fact D. on the other hand65. A. look away B. look around C. look back D. look over66. A. Even B. And C. Thus D. Or67. A. total B. overall C. utter D. entire68. A. so B. yet C. then D. but69. A. seat B. seated C. be seated D. being seating70. A. upon B. after C. through D. untilPart V Error Detection (10 minutes, 5 points)Directions: In this part, there are 10 sentences. Each sentence has 4 underlined words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.71. When I heard the principal called my name, I walked to the frontA B Ct o receive my diploma.D72. Many a man has made a fortune and then have no idea what to do with it.A B C D73. When she arrived, I w as pretty fed up, because I waited since eight o’clock..A B C D74. Learners cannot assimilate information that is presented to him at a higher levelA B Cof abstraction than that at which they feel comfortable .D75. As you know that you must check in at least 30 minutes before takeoff forA B Cmost flights.D76. After attracting more than a million marchers—four times of the size of the historical1963A BMarch on Washington—the 2004 March for Women’s Life became the largest massCdemonstration in history.D77. Although well receiving by business leaders, the book is not meant toA B Cwhitewash any of the miscalculations and shortsighted decisions of someDcorporate bosses.78. Seriously, thoug h, there’s always something you wish you have not done ,butA B Cwhat is done cannot be undone.D79. Comparing money with friends, I prefer the latter more, for real friends are not。

2008年考研英语二（MBA联考）真题试卷及答案Section I V ocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)1. Oil is an important ______material which can be processed into many different products, including plastics.A rawB bleakC flexibleD fertile2. The high living standards of the US cause its present population to ____ 25 percent of the world’s oil.A assumeB consumeC resumeD presume3. You shouldn’t be so ___ ---I didn’t mean anything bad in what I said.A sentimentalB sensibleC sensitiveD sophisticated4. Picasso was an artist who fundamentally changed the ___ of art for later generations.A. philosophy B concept C viewpoint D theme5. Member states had the option to ____ from this agreement with one year’s notice.A denyB objectC suspectD withdraw6. The two countries achieved some progress in the sphere of trade relations, traditionally a source of ____ irritation.A mutualB optionalC neutralD parallel7. Williams had not been there during the ___ moments when the kidnapping had taken place.A superiorB rigorousC vitalD unique8. Travel around Japan today, and one sees foreign residents a wide ____ of jobs.A rangeB fieldC scaleD area9. Modern manufacturing has ___ a global river of materials into a stunning array of new products.A translatedB transformedC transferredD transported10. Lightning has been the second largest storm killer in the US over the past 40 years and is ____ only by flood.A exceededB excelledC excludedD extended11. V oices were ____as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered.A.swollenB. increasedC. developedD. raised12. Some sufferers will quickly be restored to prefect health, ___others will take a longer time.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. whereas13. My brother likes eating very much but he isn’t very ___about the food he eats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. unusual14. Britain might still be part of France if it weren’t ____a disastrous flood 200.000 years ago, according to scientists from Imperial College in London.A. uponB. withC. inD. for15. The water prize is an international award that __outstanding contributions towards solving global water problems.A. recognizesB. requiresC. releasesD. relays16. In its 14 years of _--------____, the European Union has earned the scorn of its citizens and skepticism from the United States.A. enduranceB. emergenceC. existenceD. eminence17. His excuse for being late this morning was his car had __ in the snow.A. started upB. got stuckC. set backD. stood by18.____widespread belief cockroaches (螳螂) would not take over the world if there were no around to step on them.A. In view ofB. Thanks toC. In case ofD. Contrary to19. Consciously or not, ordinary citizens and government bureaucrats still _____the notion that Japanese society is a unique culture.A. fit in withB. look down onC. cling toD. hold back20. As you can see by yourself, things ____to be exactly as the professor had foreseen.A . turned in B. turned out C. turned up D. turned down Section II Cloze (10 points)Directions: Read the following passage. For each numbered blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Olympic Games are held every four years at a different site, in which athletes _21__different nations compete against each other in a __22_ of sports. There are two types of Olympics, the Summer Olympics and the winter Olympics.In order to __23__the Olympics, a city must submit a proposal to the international Olympic committee (IOC). After all proposals have been _24___, the IOC votes. If one city is successful in gaining a majority in the first vote, the city with the fewest votes is eliminated, and voting continues with __25__rounds, until a majority winner is determined. Typically the Games are awarded several years in advance, __26__the winning city time to prepare for the Games. In selecting the _27__of theOlympic Games, the IOC considers a number of factors, chief among them which city has, or promises to build, the best facilities, and which organizing committee seems most likely to _28__the Games effectively.The IOC also _29__which parts of the world have not yet hosted the Games. _30__,Tolkyo, Japan, the host of the 1964 Summer Games, and Mexico city, Mexico, the host of the 1968 summer Games , were chosen _31__to popularize the Olympic movement In Asia and in Latin America._32__the growing importance of television worldwide, the IOC in recent years has also taken into _33__the host city’s time zone. _34__the Games take place in the United States or Canada, for example, American television networks are willing to pay _35___ higher amounts for television rights because they can broadcast popular events __36____, in prime viewing hours.___37__the Games have been awarded. It is the responsibility of the local organizing committee to finance them. This is often done with a portion of the Olympic television ___38_ and with corporate sponsorships, ticket sales, and other smaller revenue sources. In many __39___ there is also direct government support.Although many cities have achieved a financial profit by hosting the Games, the Olympics can be financially __40___. When the revenues from the Games were less than expected, the city was left with large debts.21. A. in B. for C. of D. from22. A. lot B. number C. variety D. series23. A. host B. take C. run D. organize24. A. supported B. submitted C. substituted D. subordinated25. A. suggestive B. successful C. successive D. succeeding26. A. letting B. setting C. permitting D. allowing27. A. site B. spot C. location D. place28. A. state B. stage C. start D. sponsor29. A. thinks B. reckons C. considers D. calculates30. A. For instance B. As a result C. In brief D. On the whole31. A. in time B. in part C. in case D. in common32. A. Since B. Because C. As for D. Because of33. A. amount B. account C. accord D. acclaim34. A. However B. Whatever C. Whenever D. Wherever35. A. greatly B. handsomely C. meaningfully D. significantly36. A. live B. living C. alive D. lively37. A. Until B. Unless C. Whether D. Once38. A. incomes B. interests C. revenues D. returns39. A. cases B. conditions C. chances D. circumstances40. A. safe B. risky C. tempting D. feasibleSection ⅢReading ComprehensionDirections: There are four passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET 1 .(40 points)Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:Last weekend Kyle MacDonald in Montreal threw a party to celebrate the fact that he got his new home in exchange for a red paper clip. Starting a year ago, MacDonald bartered the clip for increasingly valuable stuff, including a camp stove and free rent in a Phoenix flat. Having announced his aim (the house) in advance, MacDonald likely got a boost from techies eager to see the Internet pass this daring test of its networking power. “My whole motto (座右铭) was ‘Start small, think big, and have fun’, ”says MacDonald, 26, “I really kept my effort on the creative side rather than the business side. ”Yet as odd as the MacDonald exchange was, barter is now big business on the Net. This year more than 400,000 companies worldwide will exchange some $10 billion worth of goods and services on a growing number of barter sites. These Web sites allow companies to trade products for a virtual currency, which they can use to buy goods from other members. In Iceland, garment-maker Kapusalan sells a third of its output on the booming Vidskiptanetid exchange, earning virtual money that it uses to buy machinery and pay part of employee salaries. The Troc-services exchange in France offers more than 4,600 services, from math lessons to ironing.This is not a primitive barter system. By creating currencies, the Internet removes a major barrier—what Bob Meyer, publisher of BarterNews, calls “the double coincidence of wants.”That is, two parties once not only had to find each other, but also an exchange of goods that both desired. Now, they can price the deal in virtual currency.Barter also helps firms make use of idle capacity. For example, advertising is “hugely bartered”because many media, particularly on the Web can supply new ad space at little cost. Moreover, Internet ads don’t register in industry-growth statistics, because many exchanges are arranged outside the formal exchanges.Like eBay, most barter sites allow members to “grade”trading partners for honesty quality and so on.. Barter exchanges can allow firms in countries with hyperinflation or nontradable currencies to enter globaltrades. Next year, a nonprofit exchange called Quick Lift Two (QL2) plans to open in Nairobi, offering barter deals to 38,000 Kenyan farmers in remote areas. Two small planes will deliver the goods. QL2 director Gacii Waciuma says the farmers are excited to be “liberated from corrupt middlemen.” For them, barter evokes a bright futu re, not a precapitalist past.41. The word “techies” (Line 4, Para 1) probably refers to those who are ___.A. afraid of technologyB. skilled in technologyC. ignorant of technologyD. incompetent in technology42. Many people may have deliberately helped Kyle because they ___.A. were impressed by his creativityB. were eager to identify with his mottoC. liked his goal announced in advanceD. hoped to prove the power of the Internet43. The Internet barter system relies heavily on ___.A. the size of barter stiesB. the use of virtual currencyC. the quality of goods or servicesD. the location of trading companies44. It is implies that Internet advertisements can help ___.A. companies make more profitB. companies do formal exchangesC. media register in statisticsD. media grade barter sites45. Which of the follow is true of QL2 according to the author?A. It is criticized for doing business in a primitive way.B. It aims to deal with hyperinflation in some countries.C. It helps get rid of middlemen in trade and exchange.D. It is intended to evaluate the performance of trading partners. Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jersey’s biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th, has shaken the city. A fourth, who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids, all enrolled in college, all with a future. But the cruel murder, it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough.Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shooting, have been floodedwith offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail, its co-founder, says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50,000 to promise to “stop shooting, start thinking, and keep living.”The Newark Community Foundation, which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye, a surveillance(监视) system tailored towards gun crime.Cory Booker who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city , believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square mile area where 80% of the city’s recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned.When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr. Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week.Mr. Booker, as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness. For generations, Newark has been paralyzed by poverty ----almost one in three people lives below the poverty line----and growing indifference to crime.Some are skeptical .Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark; now, a year, the figure is 30%.Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30 %( through the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high).46. What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th?A. The Newark residents witnessed a murder.B. Four young people were killed in a school playground.C. The new mayor of Newark took office.D. Four college students fell victim to violence.47. Judging from the context, the “Community Eye”(Line5,Para2)is_____A. a watching system for gun crimeB. a neighborhood protection organizationC. an unprofitable community businessD. a grassroots organization48.We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPT_____A. violenceB. floodC. povertyD. indifference49. Mayor Booker’s effort against crime seem to be ______A. idealisticB. impracticalC. effectiveD. fruitless50. The best title for the passage may be _____A. Stop Shooting, Start Thinking, and Keep LivingB. Efforts to Fight against Gun CrimesC. A Mission to Revitalize the CityD. Violent Murders in NewarkQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship , in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship.The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an ”escape fund”.Margaret’s story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100,000 on top of her pension.Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage.”He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure.”Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her ownmoney.Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. ”I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”“When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It’s sensible to build and protect your personal finan cial security.”51. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because______A. escape fund helps one through rainy daysB. days are getting harder and harderC. women are money sensitiveD. financial conflicts often occur52. The word “savvy”(Line2,Para 2)probably means_______A. suspiciousB. secureC. shrewdD. simple53. Which inference can we make about Margaret?A. She is a unique woman.B. She was once divorced.C. She is going to retire.D. She has many children.54. The author mentions Colleen’s example to show_____A. any couple can avoid marriage conflictsB. privacy within marriage should be respectedC. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriageD. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad55. Which of the following best summary this passage?A. Secret SaversB. Love Is What It’s WorthC. Banking HonestyD. Once Bitten, Twice ShyQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:“The word ‘protection’is no longer taboo (禁忌语)”. This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiencyand productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause.These leaders, of course, weren’t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they’d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned---though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asian, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade.That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important: he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West, Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter, who said that ‘creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles, Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice.A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Loc k at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund) The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western of ficials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions.The time has therefore come for the Asians-who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade: Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us, worse off, in one way or another.56. It can be inferred that “protection”(Line 1, Para.1) means________A. improving economic efficiency.B. ending the free-trade practiceC. lowering moral standardD. raising trade tariffs57. The Western leaders preach free trade because________A. it is beneficial to their economiesB. it is supported by developing countriesC. it makes them keep faith in their principlesD. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith58. By “the tables have turned”(Line 3-4,Para.2) the author implies that________A. the Western leaders have turned self-centeredB. the Asian leaders have become advocates of free tradeC. the developed economies have turned less competitiveD. the developing economies have become more independent59. The Western economies used to like the idea of “creative destruction”because it________A. set a long-term rather than short-turn goalB. was an essential part of capitalist developmentC. contained a positive rather than negative mentalityD. was meant to be the destruction of developing economies60. The author uses “IMF”was an example to illustrate the point that_______A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocriticalB. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practiceC. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocatesD. European countries’interests are being ignored by economic leaders Section IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a paragraph in English .Translate it into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points) The term ”business model”first came into widespread use with the invention of personal computer and the spreadsheet(空白表格程序).Before the spreadsheet, business planning usually meant producing a single forecast. At best, you did a little sensitivity analysis around the projection. The spreadsheet ushered in a much more analytic approach to planning because every major line item could be pulled apart, its components and subcomponents analyzed and tested. You could ask what- if questions about the critical assumptions on which. your business depended-for example, what if customers are more price-sensitive than we thought?-and with a few keystrokes, you could see how any changewould play out on every aspect of the whole. In other words, you could model the behavior of a business. Before the computer changed the nature of business planning, most successful business models were created more by accident than by elaborate design. By enabling companies to tie their marketplace insights much more tightly to the resulting economics, spread sheet made it possible to model business before they were launched.Section V WritingDirections: In this part, you are asked to write a composition according to the information below. You should write more than 150 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 . (20 points)以往许多人报考成人高校，是为了圆文凭梦。

2008年10月份MBA 联考综合真题一、问题求解（每小题3分，共45分，在每小题的五项选择中选择一项）).(b8a 12b 16a 1241:31b :a 1=-+=，则、若 （A ）2 （B ）3 （C ）4 （D ）-3 （E ）-2)(c b c a b a 1a c b a c b a 24129=-+-+-=-+-，则为整数，且，，、设（A ）2 （B ）3 （C ）4 （D ）-3 （E ）-23、以下命题中正确的一个是（ ）（A ）两个数的和为正数，则这两个数都是正数（B ）两个数的差为负数，则这两个数都是负数（C ）两个数中较大的一个其绝对值也较大（D ）加上一个负数，等于减去这个数的绝对值（E ）一个数的2倍大于这个数本身4、一个大于1的自然数的算数平方根为a ，则与这个自然数左右相邻的两个自然数的算术平方根分别为（ ）1a 1a E 1a ,1a D 1a ,1a C 1a 1a B 1a 1a A 2222+-+-+-+-+-，）（）（）（，）（，）（5、如图中，1ABC 面积为∆，若BED DEC AEC ∆∆∆，，的面积相等，则△AED 的面积是（ ）52E 41D 51C 61B 31A ）（）（）（）（）（3611E 185D 41C 92B 367A 18y x M M b a 622）（）（）（）（）（）（（不含圆周）的概率是内落入圆的坐标，则点作为点与分别得到的点数、若以连续掷两枚骰子=+33E 63D 623C 61B 31A AN AM 1y x )0,2(A 722π-π-π-π-π-=+）（）（）（）（）（）图中阴影部分）为（则两切线围成的面积（（如图），和作两条切线向圆、过点E D C B A y x A N M71x 5a E 2x 5a D 7x 2a C 5x 2a B 7x 1a A 1x 1x 1x 121x 31ax 8======-==-===-+=+-+，）（，）（，）（，）（，）（）值和原方程的解应是（的，得出的解为看成时，误将式中的、某学生在解方程9、某班同学参加智力竞赛，共有A ，B ，C 三题，每题或得0分或得满分，竞赛结果无人得0分，三题全部答对的有1人，答对2题的有15人。

08年MBA联考英语真题(附独家解析)Section I Vocabulary（10 pointsDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one to complete the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a pencil.1. Oil is an important ___________ material which can be processed into many different products including plastics.A.rawB.bleakC.exibleD. Fertile1、石油是一种很重要的能被加工成很多不同产品的原料。

A生的B严寒的,阴郁的C灵活的D丰富的A2. The high living standards of US cause its present population to ___________ 25 percent of the world’s oil.A. assumeB. consumeC. resumeD. Presume2、每国的高质量的生活造成它的现居人口消耗了世界石油资源的25%。

A假设B消耗C假设D假定,推测,占便宜B3. You shouldn’t be so _________ I didn’t mean anything bad in what I said.A. sentimentalB. sensibleC. sensitiveD. Sophisticated3、你不用如此敏感，我说的话没有任何恶意。

2008MBA全国联考英语模拟试题（十一）PASSAGE 1 JAMAICA There‘s no place like home Here are you , at home in Jamaica in your very own villa, all pastelsand privacy.With Evangeline to spoil you: she‘s going shopping soon, to surprise you with a lobster for dinner. Madly extravagant? Not at all.There are hundreds of villas for rent, all over JamaicA. Bring your family, or share one with your best friends and the cost becomes increasingly attractive. A d what nicer way to experience the bountiful wonders of Jamaica than to have your own special place to return to each evening where you can sit back with a ruin punch, talk about tomorrow, and to yourself, “There‘s no place like home.” Make it Jamaic A.Again. “Villa” in this advertisement refers to a ________. A.boarding house B. mud hut C. log cabin D. small house “Madly extravagant” in this advertisement means _______. A.very cheap B. fairly cheap C. very expensive D. fairly expensive The advertisement implies that you _______.A.enjoy sightseeing in foreign placesB. don‘t have to spend a lot of moneyC. may require entertainment by well-known singers.D. need a lot of excitement on your vacation. The advertisement appeals to the reader‘s need for ______. A.quiet pleasure B. delicious food C. relaxation D. all of the above “Bountiful” means _________. A.abundant B. fertile C. great D. prosperous 123下一页。

2008年10月MBA真题及详解一、分析下面的论证在概念、论证方法、论据及结论等方面的有效性。

600字左右。

有人提出，应当把“孝”作为选拔官员的一项标准，理由是，一个没有孝心、连自己父母都不孝顺的人，怎么能忠诚地为国家和社会尽职尽责呢？我不赞同这种观点。

现在已经是21世纪了，我们的思想意识怎么能停留在封建时代呢？选拔官员要考察其“德、勤、能、绩”，我赞同应当把“德”作为首要标准。

然而，对一个官员来说最重要的是公德而不是私德。

“孝”只是一种私德而已。

选拔和评价官员，偏重私德而忽视公德，显然是舍本逐末。

什么是公德？一言以蔽之，就是忠诚职守，在封建社会是忠于君主，现在则是忠于国家。

自古道“忠孝难两全”。

岳飞抗击金兵，常年征战沙场，未能在母亲膝下尽孝，却成了千古传颂的英雄。

反观《二十四孝》里的那些孝子，有哪个成就了名垂青史的功业？孔繁森撇下老母，远离家乡，公而忘私，殉职边疆，显然未尽孝道，但你能指责他是个不合格的官员吗？俗话说“人无完人”，如果在选拔官员时拘泥于小节而不注意大局，就会把许多胸怀鸿鹄之志的精英们拒之门外，而让那些守望燕雀小巢的庸才占据领导岗位。

（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准确并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，该论证的论据是否支持结论，论据成立的条件是否充分等。

要注意分析的内容深度、逻辑结构和语言表达。

）【真题详解】题干的论证中存在若干逻辑错误或漏洞，考生在分析中需指出论证中存在的逻辑错误或漏洞，或肯定有关论点，只要言之有理，都给分。

以下要点供参考：1．主张“应当把‘孝’作为选拔官员的一项标准”，不意味着“思想意识停留在封建时代”，“孝”不是封建时代独有的行为规范，“主张‘孝’作为选拔官员的标准”也不能作为“思想意识停留在封建时代”的判据。

2．主张“应当把‘孝’作为选拔官员的一项标准”，不意味着“偏重私德而忽视公德”。

把私德作为选拔官员的一个标准，并不排斥把公德作为另外一个更重要的标准。