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语法填空之动词策略作者：陈爱芳来源：《广东教育·高中》2011年第04期一、考题的主要特点在高考英语（广东卷）中，语法填空不仅涉及语法结构，还包括构词法、篇章连贯和意义对句子结构的制约作用。
它要求考生既要有扎实的词汇、句型和语法知识，又要具有良好的语感和一定的阅读理解能力。
在语法填空中，对动词的考查在近三年的高考中至少有两空，占该题总分值的五分之一。
主要考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致及其非谓语形式。
如：(2010年高考)After a four-day journey, the young man33 (present) the water to the old man. ... He spit it out, 37 (say) it was awful. Apparently, it was no longer fresh because of the old leather container.解析：33. presented 考查时态，根据文章的主体时态，用一般过去时。
37. saying 考查非谓语动词，句中已有谓语动词spit，因此say应用非谓语形式，又因he 与say是主动关系，故用saying作伴随状语。
针对此类考点，笔者认为考生在备考过程中应注意以下解题技巧和解题思路。
二、动词填空的解题技巧和思路解答此类题的关键在于判断所给的动词在句中所充当的句子成分：是谓语还是非谓语？1. 若该句缺谓语或并列谓语，则该空要填谓语动词形式，考生要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致。
如：（2009广东） Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not a pleasant experience: people stepped on your feet or34 (push) you with their elbows (肘部), hurrying ahead to get to a bargain.解析：由表示并列关系的连词or可知，要填的动词是与stepped并列的谓语动词，且两者的时态形式应一致，故填pushed。
语法填空第一部分：动词一．谓语时态判定方法：（1）找标志词/固定句式；（2）若无标志词，再看语境（上下文其他谓语时态）；注：注意每个时态的定义；1.根据标志词①看到always，usually，often，sometimes，every week (day，year，month...)，once a week(day，year，month...)，on Sundays等时间状语，想到一般现在时；②看到yesterday，last＋时间(如1ast＋week，month. year，Monday等)，in＋过去的年份，时间＋ago(如a few minutes ago，two weeks ago，years ago等)，the age of，the other day，once upon a time，时间段＋later等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时；③看到tomorrow，next day(week，month，year...)，soon，the day after tomorrow，in＋时间段(in two hours，in a few minutes等)，in the future等时间段，要想到用一般将来时；④看到now，at this time，at this moment，look，listen，at present，these days，this week等标志词，要想到用现在进行时；⑤看到for＋一段时间，since＋时间点，since＋时间段＋ago，ever since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，lately，recently，up to now，in/during/over the past/last＋一段时间，要想到用现在完成时；⑥看到by/before/by the end of/by the time of＋过去时间点，要想到用过去完成时。
高考英语语法填空解题策略之动词篇作者：董倩文来源：《新教育时代》2015年第20期摘要：2014年高考英语发生了较大变化，课标卷、辽宁卷等各地试卷开始用语法填空代替了单项选择，从此语法填空进入了高考英语的历史舞台。
纵观去年各地高考题中的语法填空，与动词有关的选项占了一半以上，正所谓“得动词者得天下”，动词的考察正是重点和难点。
通过分析句子把握动词的时态及非谓语动词的用法正是巧解语法填空中动词的形式变化之关键所在。
关键词：语法填空动词时态非谓语动词分析句子2014年，高考英语发生了较大变化，全国课标卷、辽宁卷等各地试卷用语法填空代替了单项选择，从此语法填空进入了高考英语的历史舞台。
语法填空，顾名思义基本是考语法，但比起单项选择，它不再是单个的句子，而是一篇大约200字左右的文章，所以它要通过语篇考语法。
它不再单纯追求句子的高与深，而是更加注重对篇章整体内容的理解能力，体现了英语的交际性与实用性。
从形式上来看，语法填空主要以有提示词和无提示词两种形式的考察，其中无提示词的类型主要考察介词，代词，连词，冠词;有提示词的类型主要考察形容词，副词，名词，动词，数词等。
纵观2014年各地高考真题，语法填空中动词的考察所占的比重较大，以2014年高考英语新课标II卷的语法填空为例，以下是试题的答案：61. being ; ; ; ; ; 62. and ; ; ; ; ; 63.disappointed ; ; ; ; ; 64.to ; ; ; ; ; 65. caught ; ; ; ; ; 66.to stop ; ; ; ; ;67.riding ; ; ; ; ; ;68.did ; ; ; ; ; 69.me/mine ; ; ; ; ; 70.suddenly在这10个空中，有6道题与动词的形式变化有关，正所谓“得动词者得天下”，下面就以动词的形式变化为重点来巧解语法填空。
动词在语法填空中的考察分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类，其中谓语动词主要考察动词的时态和语态;非谓语动词重点考察状语，宾语和宾语补足语，及定语。
纵观近几年高考真题，不难发现动词在语法填空题中发挥着极其重要的提示作用。
近几年来，无论是全国I、II、III卷还是北京卷、浙江卷的语法填空题中，动词提示词都占到了4-5个。
因此，精准理解动词的功能作用，就成为把握句子及文章重难点的关键。
本文从以下四个方面作简要解析。
一、准确判定谓语动词同学们在看到填空中的动词提示词时，先要分析其所在句子的结构，看整个句子是否有谓语动词。
如果句子没有谓语，就要用所给提示词的正确形式来充当谓语。
什么是动词的正确形式？这就要求对动词的功能作用有一个较为清晰的认识。
动词作谓语，有表示现在、过去、将来的十几种时态，但通常高考中考查的主要是一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时以及现在完成进行时。
动词作谓语除了时态，还要考虑语态问题，而确定语态只需要把握动词和句子主语的主、被动关系即可。
真题再现：【2019·全国卷I】Modem methods63trackingpolar bear populations have been employed only sincethe mid-1980s，and are expensive64(perform)con-sistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuitpeople in Nunayut65(report)increases in bear sight-ings around human settlements，leading to a66(be-lieve)that populations are increasing.Scientists have re-sponded by67(note)that hungry bears may be con-gregating(聚集)around human settlements，leading tothe illusion(错觉)that populations are68(high)thanthey actually are.Of69nineteen recognized polarbear subpopulations，three are declining，six70(be)stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.答案解析：上文中动词提示词集中在第64、65、66、67和70解题技巧Step6作业布置1.通过完成课本第15页的词汇练习，巩固本课所学习到的生词，加强记忆。
微视频的应用（高三英语二轮复习课）
语法填空专练之动词篇
教学目标：
知识与技能：通过语法填空的练习，学生可以分辨动词作谓语和非谓语的特点，从而正确掌握动词的用法。
过程与方法：通过观摩，练习，总结的方法，学生可以找到动词复习的重点。
情感态度与价值观：学生在练习与总结中增强了信心，明确了语法复习的方向。
教学方法：高效课堂自主学习模式
教学背景：在一轮复习中，学生已经复习了动词的时态语态，非谓语动词，主谓一致，虚拟语气，在此基础上，教师以语法填空的复习形式，把动词的用法进行了横向综合复习，使语法与解题技巧结合起来。
教学步骤：
1.自习课观看教学微视频
2.课堂上小组分组练习，（20分钟）小组代表上讲台上展示本组练习
答案，并总结规律(20分钟)。
3.教师进行评判打分，指导学生牢记一些正确的学习方法。
（5分钟）（附当天练习课之学案）
Part Ⅰ
1.In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near
Cleveland, Ohio. It _______ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be
cleaned up.
2.A girl on a bike _______ (catch) my attention. She was riding beside
the truck.
3.You’d better write down her phone number before you ________
(forget) it.
4.She _______ (phone) someone, so I nodded to her and went away.
5.The girl has a great interest in sport and _____ (take) badminton
classes twice a week over the last three years.
思考：这一部分主要考查动词作__________（谓语还是非谓语），做对这种题的关键是掌握___________的用法。
PartⅡ
1.He is the only student in the class that _______ (select) to take part in
the Model United Nations conference.
2.We won’t start the work until all the preparations ________ (make)。
3.Shakespeare’s play Hamlet _______ (make) into at least ten different
films over the past years.
4.The letters for the boss _______ (put) on his desk but he didn’t read
them until three days later.
5.Officials believe that more than one person may be _______ (blame)
for the fire.
思考：语态题考查的重点在哪里？（be动词还是动词过去分词）PartⅢ
1.Group activities will be organized after class ______ (help) children
develop team spirit.
2._______ (spend) nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a
hotel.
3.________( use) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
4.Tom returned after the war, only ________ (tell) that his wife had left
him.
5._____ (find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower
level.
思考：本部分的动词在句子中做什么成分？如何判断用哪一种形式？PartⅣ
st night, there were millions of people ______(watch) the opening
ceremony live on TV.
2.There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready
for a long stay on the Moon.
3.You cannot accept an opinion _______ (offer) to you unless it is based
on facts.
4.Annie, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse
_______ (appoint) to guard her.
5.V olunteering gives you a chance _______ (change) lives, including
your own.
思考：本部分的动词在句子中做什么成分？如何判断用哪一种形式？
PartⅤ
1.The manager was satisfied to see many new products ________
(develop) after great effort.
2.Let those in need _________ (understand) that we will go all out to
help him.
3.Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______ (lose) for
words.
4.Passengers are permitted _________ (carry) only one piece of hand
luggage onto the plane.
5.The street was quiet with no buses _______ (run).
思考：本部分的动词在句子中做什么成分？如何判断用哪一种形式？什么情况下不定式作宾补省略“to”？
PartⅥ
1.All we need _______ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant
various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
2.Generally, students’inner motivation with high expectations from
others _______ essential to their development.
3.The famous musician, as well as his students, _______ (be) invited to
perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012Taipei Flower Expo.
4.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ________ (be) water。
5.Then from the radio in the corner ________ (come) the announcer’s
voice.
思考：1. 不定式短语，动词-ing形式做主语，谓语动词用（单数还是复数）？
2. 由第四题总结出什么用法？
3. 第3题遵循什么原则？
4. 遵循就近原则的有哪些短语？
小结
1. 如何区分是做谓语动词还是非谓语动词？
2. 谓语动词如何判断时态?。
