老托福听力93篇(45-46)-So, why did what is now

TOEFL学习资料听力08(10)39. What does the speaker mainly discuss?40. What is the purpose of the talk?41. What did the Hohokam do with their pottery?42. What does the speaker say about the way the Hohokam pottery was made?43---45 A talk in an American history class.I'm going to introduce two current points of view about the motivation for writing the United StatesConstitution back in 1787. The first one is called the idealist view. The idealists basically believe that thewriters of the Constitution were motivated by ideas. Which ideas? The ideas of the revolutionary war, such as liberty and democracy. The idealists remind that the young country had a lot of problems: an economicdepression, a large war debts, lawlessness and trade barriers between the states. They argue that therepresentatives needed to control these problems in order for the United States to survive. The other point of view is the economic view. The economic view is that the writers of the Constitution were concerned about their own financial interests. According to them most people were living wealth for the wealthiest people were afraid of losing their money. The writers wanted a strong central government that would promote trade protect private property and perhaps most of all collect taxes to pay off the United States' large war debts. Because a number of those who wrote the constitution had loaned money to the government during the revolution. Which view is correct? Well , historians who wrote during the calm and prosperous 1950s found reasons to believe the idealist view. Those who wrote during the trouble of 1960s found support for the economic view point. I'd say that neither view is complete, both the idealist and the economic perspective contribute a part to the whole picture.43. what is the talk mainly about?44. According to the economic view, who benefited the most from the new Constitution?45. What can be inferred about the views of the historians?46---50 Part of a speech on birds by a biologist.Many egg-laying animals merely lay their eggs and leave. Turtles for instance, the eggs hatch on their own. The current theory about birds is that the earliest birds did just that when they were cold-blooded creatures living in warm places. However when they became warm-blooded creatures living in cold places they had to remain on the eggs to keep them warm. The process we call incubation. For this they needed a place --- a nest. Very likely the first nests were just primitive depressions scrape into the ground. Even now many species still lay eggs in this sort of crude nests. In fact every spring a mother killdeer lays her in some pebbles along the edge of the parking lot just outside this building. Primitive nests on the ground were fine for some birds but others began to elevate their nests in branches perhaps to avoid predators. These early elevated nests were probably loose platf nest, you know, like a robin's nest.46. What is the main topic of the talk?47. What evolutionary change in birds led to nest building?48. According to the speaker, where were the first bird's nests located?49. What is the killdeer's nest in parking lot an example of?50.According to the speaker, what is a possible reason that birds began to build nests in trees?Key: CBCCB CCBCA ABBCD DDDBA BDCBA DBCBC BDBADBCDCB BADBC CBAAA【。

老托福听力93篇(33-34)-Today I want to talk about33Today I want to talk about the Earth's last major climatic shift, at the end of the last ice age. But first, let's back up a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First, we defined "climate" as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time. In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the Earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the Earth's atmosphere as light and is radiated by the Earth's surface as heat. Land, water, and ice each affect this energy exchange differently. The system is so complex that, to date, our best computer models are only crude approximations and are not sophisticated enough to test hypotheses about the causes of climatic change. Of course, that doesn't keep us from speculating. For instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of particles into the upper atmosphere, where the particles then reflect light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be a cooling of the Earth's surface. Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climate change. In all probability, a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time.【生词摘录】1. climatic: adj. connected with the weather in a particular area 气候的2. ice age: one of the long periods of time, thousands of years ago, when ice covered many northern countries 冰川期，冰河时代3. consistent: adj. always having the same beliefs, behavior, attitudes, quality etc(信仰、行为、态度、品质等)一贯的，一致的;始终如一的4. disturb: v. to interrupt someone so that they cannot continue what they are doing by asking a question, making a noise etc 干扰，打扰;使中断5. radiate: v. if something radiates light or heat, or if light or heat radiates from something, it is sent out in all directions 辐射(光或热);(向四面八方)发射6. crude: adj. not developed to a high standard or made with great skill 粗制的7. approximation: n. [C]a number, amount etc that is not exact, but is almost correct 概算，近似值8. hypothesis: n. [C]plural hypotheses, an idea that is suggested as a possible way of explaining a situation, proving and idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说9. speculate: v. to think or talk about the possible causes or effects of something without knowing all the facts or details 猜测，推测10. disperse: v. if something disperses or is dispersed, it spreads over a wide area(使)消散;(使)分散11. cooling: n.[U]the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature 冷却34I know you're anxious to get your permits and get started. But there're just a few things I'd like to mention that might help you avoid trouble during your stay. First of all, make sure you carry adequate water. You'll need it if you're hiking, especially in this heat. A good rule of thumb is to bring one gallon per person per day this time of year. Don't try to rely on the park's natural springs to supply all your water needs. And please, do not use soap in the springs. It's your responsibility to protect the park's natural features. For those of you staying beyond the weekend, make sure that you set up camp well away from dry creekbeds. We may get some heavy rainfall, and those creekbeds could quicklybecome filled with water, and you and all your equipment might end up washed downstream. When you pick up your permits, you'll also get a park services booklet. It'll tell you everything you need to know about the hiking trails. They vary in length, of course, but most of them are under five miles—relatively easy day hikes. Remember, if you're hiking solo, make sure you let someone know you're going and when they can expect you back. And . . . uh, for your own safety, we recommend that you not climb rock faces. A lot of the rock throughout the park is very unstable. One final word: watch out for poisonous snakes. Rattlesnake activity is at its peak this time of year, especially at night. For your own good, we recommend wearing protective clothing and carry a flashlight after dark.【生词摘录】1. hike: v. to walk a long way in the mountains or countryside 徒步旅行，远足2. rule of thumb: a rough method of calculation, based on practical experience(根据实际经验的)粗略的计算方法3. gallon: n. [C]a unit for measuring liquids, equal to 3.785 litres 加仑(等于3.785升)4. feature: n. [C]a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical 特点，特征，特色5. creekbed: n. [C]6. downstream: adv. in the direction the water in a river or stream is flowing 顺流而下;向下游方向7. booklet: n. [C]a very short book that usually contains information 小册子8. trail: n. [C]小径9. solo: adv. 单独地10. unstable: adj. 不牢固的, 不稳定的11. rattlesnake: n. [C]响尾蛇12. flashlight: n. [C]手电筒。

老托福听力93篇（93）-So,yousee老托福听力93篇(93)-So, you see93So, you see, physical illness can have psychological causes. Now, we just have time to introduce another interesting example of the interaction between the mind and the body, placebos. Placebos—maybe you've heard them called sugar pills—are harmless substances, not always sugar, that are used routinely on groups of sick people in experiments. These experiments test the effectiveness of new drugs. One group is given the new drug, the other group is given a placebo, and the results are measured. As you might guess, some of the people who receive the new drug get better. Surprisingly, however, some of the placebo group also get better. Why? Well, it's an interesting question, one which doctors can't quite answer. Some of the group may have gotten better on their own, without any treatment at all, but research has shown that the very act of taking a medication that you think will make you better, often does make you feel better. Have you ever taken an aspirin and felt better in five minutes? Aspirin doesn't work that fast, does it? Basically, if you believe you will get better, sometimes you do. The history of how doctors and healers have used the mind-body connection to cure people is long and interesting, but I see that it's time to close, so I'll have to cover this in the next class. You'll have to hold your questions on this topic till then. Before you go, I have some handouts for you concerning the midterm exams next week.【生词摘录】1. interaction: n. [C]相互作用，相互影响2. placebo: n. [C]安慰剂3. routinely: adv. 日常地，定期地，常规地4. act: n. [C]过程，行为5. medication: n. [C]药物治疗6. aspirin: n. [C]阿司匹林7. healer: n. [C]治疗者8. cover: v. 涉及，包含9. handout: n. [C]小册子，传单，讲义10. concerning: prep. 关于。

智课网TOEFL备考资料老托福听力93篇(31-32)-Current studies show摘要：老托福听力93篇(31-32)-Current studies show。

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31Current studies show that what goes on labels is an important consideration for manufacturers, since more than seventy percent of shoppers read food labels when considering whether to buy a product. A recent controversy as to whether labels on prepared foods should educate or merely inform the consumer is over, and a consumer group got its way. The group had maintained that product labels should do more than simply list how many grams of nutrients afood contains. Their contention was that labels should also list the percentage of a day's total nutrients that theproduct will supply to the consumer, because this information is essential in planning a healthy diet. A government agency disagreed strongly, favoring a label that merely informs the consumer, in other words, a label that only lists the contents of the products. The agency maintained that consumers could decide for themselves if the food is nutritious and is meeting their daily needs. The consumer group, in supporting its case, had cited a survey in which shoppers were shown a food label, and were then asked if they would need more or less of a certain nutrient after eating a serving of this product. The shoppers weren't able to answer the questions easily when they were not given a specific percentage. This study, and others helped get the new regulation passed, and now food products must have the more detailed labels.【生词摘录】1. label: n. [C]a piece of paper or other material that is stuck onto something and gives information about it 标签，标记2. consideration: n. [U]formal careful thought and attention【正式】斟酌，考虑3. manufacturer: n. [C]a company or industry that makes large quantities of goods 制造商;制造公司，制造厂4. gram: n. [C]the basic unit for measuring weight in the metric system 克(公制基本重量单位)5. nutrient: n. [C]a chemical or food that provides what is needed for plants or animals to live and grow 养分;营养物，营养品6. contention: n. [U]formal argument and disagreement between people【正式】争论，争端;口角7. favor: v. to think that a plan, idea etc is better than other plans, ideas etc 赞同，支持(计划、想法等)8. maintain: v. to strongly express your belief that something is true 断言(某事)属实;坚持说…9. nutritious: adj. food that is nutritious is full of the natural substances that your body needs to stay healthy or to grow properly(食物)有营养的，滋养的，营养价值高的10. cite: v. to mention something as an example, especially one that supports, proves, or explains an idea or situation (尤指为支持、证明或解释一种观点或情况而)引证，援引11. regulation: n. an official rule or order 规则;条例;法令32Good afternoon. I'm here today to talk to you about a career with our airline. We're especially interested in recruiting people to fill openings for flight attendants. First of all, to work as a flight attendant with us, you must be accepted into our training program and with so many people applying, it's not easy to be selected. From the thousands of applications that we receive annually, we choose fewer than a thousand people for training. So, we require experience serving the public; and it also helps if you've earned some college credits. Also, not everybody who gets accepted into the training program makes it through. The course meets six days a week for five weeks. The training includes extensive classroom work in such subjects as first aid and passenger psychology as well as practical training in flight procedures and meal service. A lot of our graduates say that our flight attendants develop the skills of a nurse, a headwaiter, and a public relations executive! But, as a flight attendant myself, I can say that all of the hard work is worth it. Of course, I get to travel throughout the country, and the airline pays all of my expenses while I'm away from my base station. And, what I like best of all is that I've made friends with people from all over the country!【生词摘录】1. airline: n. [C]a business that runs a regular service to take passengers and goods to different places by plane 航空公司2. recruit: v. to find new people to work in a company, join an organization, do a job etc 招聘，吸收(新成员)3. opening: n. [C]a job or position that is available 空缺(职位)，空额4. attendant: n. [C]someone whose job is to look after or help customers in a public service 服务员5. extensive: adj. containing or dealing with a lot of information and details 广泛的，全面的6. procedure: n.[C]the correct or normal way of doing something(正确的或通常做事的)步骤，手续7. graduate: n. [C]AmE someone who has completed a course at a college, school etc 【美】毕业生8. headwaiter: n. [C]the waiter who is in charge of the other waiters in a restaurant (餐馆的)服务员领班9. executive: n. [C]someone who has an important job as a manager in a company or business(公司或商业机构中的)主管，行政领导，经理推荐新闻:老托福听力93篇(25-26)-In today's class老托福听力93篇(27-28)-It seems like老托福听力93篇(29-30)-Today's lecture 相关字搜索：老托福听力93篇音频。

老托福听力93篇（33-34）-TodayIwanttotalkabout老托福听力93篇(33-34)-T oday I want to talk about33Today I want to talk about the Earth's last major climatic shift, at the end of the last ice age. But first, let's back up a moment and review what we know about climatic change in general. First, we defined "climate" as consistent patterns of weather over significant periods of time. In general, changes in climate occur when the energy balance of the Earth is disturbed. Solar energy enters the Earth's atmosphere as light and is radiated by the Earth's surface as heat. Land, water, and ice each affect this energy exchange differently. The system is so complex that, to date, our best computer models are only crude approximations and are not sophisticated enough to test hypotheses about the causes of climatic change. Of course, that doesn't keep us from speculating. For instance, volcanic activity is one mechanism that might affect climatic change. When large volcanoes erupt, they disperse tons of particles into the upper atmosphere, where the particles then reflect light. Since less light is entering the system of energy exchange, the result would be a cooling of the Earth's surface. Of course, this is just one possible mechanism of global climate change. In all probability, a complete explanation would involve several different mechanisms operating at the same time.【生词摘录】1. climatic: adj. connected with the weather in a particular area 气候的2. ice age: one of the long periods of time, thousands of years ago, when ice covered many northern countries 冰川期，冰河时代3. consistent: adj. always having the same beliefs, behavior, attitudes, quality etc(信仰、行为、态度、品质等)一贯的，一致的;始终如一的4. disturb: v. to interrupt someone so that they cannot continue what they are doing by asking a question, making a noise etc 干扰，打扰;使中断5. radiate: v. if something radiates light or heat, or if light or heat radiates from something, it is sent out in all directions 辐射(光或热);(向四面八方)发射6. crude: adj. not developed to a high standard or made with great skill 粗制的7. approximation: n. [C]a number, amount etc that is not exact, but is almost correct 概算，近似值8. hypothesis: n. [C]plural hypotheses, an idea that is suggested as a possible way of explaining a situation, proving and idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说9. speculate: v. to think or talk about the possible causes or effects of something without knowing all the facts or details 猜测，推测10. disperse: v. if something disperses or is dispersed, it spreads over a wide area(使)消散;(使)分散11. cooling: n.[U]the process of becoming cooler; a falling temperature 冷却34I know you're anxious to get your permits and get started. But there're just a few things I'd like to mention that might help you avoid trouble during your stay. First of all, make sure you carry adequate water. You'll need it if you're hiking, especially in this heat. A good rule of thumb is to bring one gallon per personper day this time of year. Don't try to rely on the park's natural springs to supply all your water needs. And please, do not use soap in the springs. It's your responsibility to protect the park's natural features. For those of you staying beyond the weekend, make sure that you set up camp well away from dry creekbeds. We may get some heavy rainfall, and those creekbeds could quicklybecome filled with water, and you and all your equipment might end up washed downstream. When you pick up your permits, you'll also get a park services booklet. It'll tell you everything you need to know about the hiking trails. They vary in length, of course, but most of them are under five miles—relatively easy day hikes. Remember, if you're hiking solo, make sure you let someone know you're going and when they can expect you back. And . . . uh, for your own safety, we recommend that you not climb rock faces. A lot of the rock throughout the park is very unstable. One final word: watch out for poisonous snakes. Rattlesnake activity is at its peak this time of year, especially at night. For your own good, we recommend wearing protective clothing and carry a flashlight after dark.【生词摘录】1. hike: v. to walk a long way in the mountains or countryside 徒步旅行，远足2. rule of thumb: a rough method of calculation, based on practical experience(根据实际经验的)粗略的计算方法3. gallon: n. [C]a unit for measuring liquids, equal to 3.785 litres 加仑(等于3.785升)4. feature: n. [C]a part of something that you notice because it seems important, interesting, or typical 特点，特征，特色5. creekbed: n. [C]6. downstream: adv. in the direction the water in a river or stream is flowing 顺流而下;向下游方向7. booklet: n. [C]a very short book that usually contains information 小册子8. trail: n. [C]小径9. solo: adv. 单独地10. unstable: adj. 不牢固的, 不稳定的11. rattlesnake: n. [C]响尾蛇12. flashlight: n. [C]手电筒。

93-01 93年1月TOEFL听力A1. (A) Did you move the chair or did Ed do it?(B) Ed wants to move the chair.(C) Please move the chair Ed.(D) Ed forgot to move the chair, so will you do it?2. (A) Diane respects her teacher.(B) The teacher is looking at Diane.(C) Diane is taller than her teacher.(D) Diane doesn't like her teacher's looks.3. (A) I must take my groceries home.(B) I didn't bring my shopping list with me.(C) My left wrist is sore.(D) I need to go home for a rest.4. (A) I thought the novel would be better.(B) The novel is surprisingly good.(C) The novel is just what I hoped it would be.(D) I think the novel is quite boring.5. (A) Someone assisted him with the work.(B) Someone should do the work, or him.(C) He didn't quite finish the work.(D) He didn't work long enough.6. (A) At what time must you leave?(B) Have you forgotten what day it is?(C) What still needs to be done today?(D) Who left the tray here yesterday?7. (A) No one knew what the formal requirements were.(B) There was no need for us to get dressed up.(C) They asked for our former address.(D) Everyone was wearing formal suits or gowns.8. (A) I seldom have meat.(B) I like to eat early.(C) I never buy meat.(D) I prefer my meat rare.9. (A) Rita's roommate helped her to pack.(B) Rita's roommate needed help packing.(C) Rita's got the package for her roommate.(D) Rita had her baggage with her.10. (A) I figured the expenses on the last page.(B) Your plan will cost too much.(C) Drawing can be an expensive hobby.(D) You should go back to your original plan.11. (A) Both of us were exhausted.(B) We always tried to rest after exercising.(C) I turned over and went to sleep again.(D) I was overtired and couldn't sleep.12. (A) How could you forget to put the salt out.(B) I thought I bought salt last week, but I could be wrong.(C) I bought salt a few days ago; it can't be finished yet.(D) Did someone else also buy salt?13. (A) Let's not make them at all.(B) Don't make them use it all.(C) Leslie wouldn't share her work with them.(D) We should share the work with them.14. (A) She left the hospital and resumed her classes.(B) She went to the hospital after class.(C) She didn't complete her classes because she went to the hospital.(D) She was released from class so she could go to the hospital.15. (A) Our phone service was turned off.(B) They added another telephone.(C) Our phone service began today.(D) They refused to repair our telephone.16. (A) The frightened puppy was licking Lois hand.(B) Lois is not afraid to give a speech now.(C) Some people came over to speak to Lois.(D) Lois will hear about the fair tonight.17. (A) It's too bad you haven't worked harder.(B) We haven't heard a word about your work.(C) We'd like to walk to work with you.(D) You'll be well repaid for working so hard.18. (A) You can honestly say what you think.(B) Believe me the tray is not much use.(C) Frankly, I don't think much of Ray.(D) In my opinion the play was not very good.19. (A) She overlooked my paper by mistake.(B) She wanted us to review our own papers.(C) She asked us over to discuss the errors.(D) She said she would look at the papers again.20. (A) Two people walked in late for the movie.(B) Most of the people left before the movie was over.(C) A few people had to stand to watch the movie.(D) Some people moved their seats during the movie.21. (A) He can't go this weekend.(B) He has a hole in his bathing suit.(C) They should stay at the beach longer.(D) They shouldn't spend much money.22. (A) Turn the alarm off.(B) Live on a farm.(C) Move his alarm clock.(D) Go to bed earlier.23. (A) He hasn't had time to find another apartment.(B) His mother dusted her apartment the day before last.(C) He hasn't cleaned the apartment since his mother visited.(D) His mother was the last person to come over to his apartment.24. (A) Making a pot of coffee.(B) Trying different brands of coffee.(C) Drinking less coffee.(D) Getting a different coffeepot.25. (A) Some music cassettes.(B) Some school supplies.(C) Something to drink.(D) Something to eat.26. (A) He has finished his biology project.(B) He'll feel happier when the project is completed.(C) He's annoyed with everyone.(D) He took a nap in biology class.27. (A) She knows very little about bicycles.(B) She doesn't want the man to study.(C) The man likes to study outdoors.(D) The man isn't ready to study yet.28. (A) Try to find it in the house.(B) Repair the roof.(C) Lend his friend a pen.(D) Become extremely angry.29. (A) She agrees with the man.(B) She didn't hear what the man said.(C) She is surprised by his opinion.(D) She thinks he should look at it again.30. (A) The weather forecast has often been wrong.(B) No more rain is needed.(C) It's going to rain today.(D) They'll have more time tomorrow.31. (A) Ann should shut the door.(B) Ann should be quieter.(C) Ann shouldn't have stayed at the library so long.(D) Ann shouldn't have returned home.32. (A) Doris asked someone to build them.(B) Both she and Doris worked on them.(C) They didn't need to be fixed.(D) Not all of them were hers.33. (A) Bob doesn't have to stay until after his exams.(B) Bob will get into trouble if he doesn't stay.(C) Bob can't take his exams home with him.(D) Bob can't find a way to solve the problem.34. (A) He lost it.(B) He used it last night.(C) He was the last to use it.(D) He finally brought it back.35. (A) The novel wasn't so difficult to read.(B) She can't remember the author's name.(C) There were many comic characters.(D) She read it a long time ago.36. (A) One of his classes finished early.(B) He wanted to get some studying done.(C) The library had a special display on the industrial Revolution.(D) His books were ten days overdue.37. (A) Checked them out.(B) Took notes on them.(C) Returned them to the shelves.(D) Put them in his book bag.38. (A) They are marked with colored labels.(B) They are specially coded.(C) They are checked out.(D) They are inspected by the guard.39. (A) Copies down the name and the address of each borrower.(B) Checks all books for missing pages.(C) Demagnetizes the books as they are checked out.(D) Helps students use the card catalog.40. (A) To explain the importance of learning rhythm and harmony in jazz.(B) To show that jazz is not really music at all.(C) To point out similarities between jazz and classical music.(D) To describe what makes a good jazz performance.41. (A) They memorize their music before performing it.(B) They are more famous than performers of other kinds of music.(C) They perform their music as a means of individual self expression.(D) They possess detailed knowledge of the rules of jazz performers.42. (A) Practice various jazz rhythms.(B) Interview a jazz musician.(C) Watch a film about jazz performers.(D) Listen to some recordings of jazz music.43. (A) To Colorado.(B) To Arizona.(C) To the Nile River.(D) To the Museum of Natural History.44. (A) Archaeological.(B) Biological.(C) Meteorological.(D) Sociological.45. (A) In a cave.(B) In a river.(C) In a tree.(D) In a boat.46. (A) Solve a mystery.(B) See the canyon.(C) Find some driftwood.(D) Take some photographs.47. (A) A radio broadcast.(B) A political discussion.(C) A sales promotion.(D) A health documentary.48. (A) Where fruit is grown.(B) How fruit becomes ripe.(C) Why fruit falls from trees.(D) Which fruits are edible.49. (A) The fruit itself.(B) The air surrounding the fruit.(C) The spray applied by farmers.(D) The tree or vines to which the fruit is attached.50. (A) The fruit loses its sweetness.(B) The fruit falls off the tree.(C) Bees begin to pollinate the fruit.(D) The temperature inside the fruit increases.B1. --- that as both birds and mammals become larger, their metabolic rates er unit of tissuedecrease, and they generally live longer.(A) The truth(B) If true(C) It is true(D) To be true2. Asteroids are small and therefore very difficult to identify, even when --- to Earth.(A) quite closely(B) are being quite close(C) are they quite closely(D) they are quite close3. A number of modern sculptors have rejected --- of minimal and environmental art anddeveloped a style of extreme realism.(A) which abstract qualities(B) there are abstract qualities(C) the abstract qualities(D) the qualities are abstract4. --- tributaries of the Mississippi River system were navigated by steamboats during the periodbefore the outbreak of the Civil War.(A) More than forty(B) More than forty were(C) Forty more than(D) There were more than forty5. Mary Eliza McDowell's introduction to social service came --- , when she assisted victims ofthe great Chicago Fire of 1871.(A) was sixteen years old(B) had sixteen years(C) at age sixteen(D) sixteen6. Young herons are helpless for a few weeks --- they learn to fly.(A) how(B) before(C) despite(D) since　7. The history of painting is a fascinating chain of events that probably began with ---.(A) ever made the very first pictures(B) the ever made very first pictures(C) the very first ever made pictures(D) the very first pictures ever made8. The center of gravity of the human body --- behind the hip joint.(A) locates(B) locating(C) to locate(D) is located9. The leaves and stems of the alfalfa plant are the only parts of the plant ---.(A) the uses for livestock fees(B) for using livestock feed(C) used for livestock feed(D) they are used for livestock feed10. --- choose to live in or near metropolitan areas simply because they like the rapid pace of citylife.(A) So large numbers of people to(B) There are large numbers of people(C) Large numbers of people(D) Large numbers of people who11. --- to space travelers is high acceleration or deceleration forces.(A) Danger can be(B) They can be dangerous(C) What can be dangerous(D) While danger12. Organic chemistry has made many new products---.(A) possible(B) as possible(C) are possible(D) they are possible13. Perfectly matched pearls, strung into a necklace, --- a far higher price than the same pearlssold individually.(A) in order to bring(B) their bringing(C) bringing(D) bring14. Some metropolitan newspapers would make sizable volumes --- in book form.(A) than the print(B) print them(C) if printed(D) they are printed15. Pennsylvania ranks high among the states population --- many areas are sparsely settled.(A) and yet(B) so even(C) if not(D) except for16. Since the beginning of this century, the United States government has played an role in the A supervision and use of the nation's natural resources.B C D17. Between 1906 and 1917, political activist Emma Goldma devoted most of her efforts to A B Cwriting, traveling and lectured.　D18. Height, powerful and speed are attributes that coaches often look for in basketball players.　A B C D19. Many of society's wealth is controlled by large corporations and government agencies.　A B C D20. Pieces of eighteenth-century porcelain they are frequently dug up in excavations at A B C D williamsburg Virginia.21. A major purpose of scientific analysis is to identify and examine causal connections between A B Cindependent and dependence variables.D22. Vaccines for some rare diseases are given only to persons which risk exposure to the disease.　A B C D23. Recause it is a healthful way to exercise aerobic dancing is considered an excellent method A B Cfor release tension.D24. Doppler radar can be used to determine the direction which in the particles of a cloud are A B Cmoving.　D25. Applied research aims at some specific objective, such as the development of a new produce, A B C process, or material.　D26. Most of the food what elephants eat is brought to their mouths by their trunks.A B C D27. The highly respect zoologist Ernest Just joined the ruling board of the Marine Biological A B C DLaboratory in the 1930's.28. Clementine Hunter's primitive paintings have been exhibited at various galleries, included A B C Done at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C.29. Alike a chicken, the grouse has four toes, with the hind one raised above the ground.A B C D30. Membership in labor unions in the United States reached its peak of 17 millions members in A B C D1960.31. The newer kinds of seeds produce corn it has much greater food value than older kinds.A B C D32. In meteorology, either the formation of clouds and the precipitation of dew, rain, and snoware A Bknown as condensation.C D33. Varieties of yellow grapes that have tender skin, rich flavor and high sugar content are A B Cespecially suited with making raisins.D34. Despite resistance in some parts of Canada, the conversion to metric measurement have been A B Csaid to be largely successful.D35. The most safest way to watch a solar eclipse is for one to look at it in a mirror while wearing A B C Ddark glasses.36. Chied Joseph La Flesche, a vigorous Omaha leader, worked hardly to make his nation aproud A B C and progressive one.　D37. The diamond is the only gemstone composed with just one chemical element, carbon.A B C D38. In 1941 Orson Welles produced Citizen Kane a film noted for its technical brilliant, structural A Bcomplexity, and Literate treatment of a controversial biographical subject.C D39. Wildlife conservationists say the cover that foliage provides for animals is equal in A B Cimportance to the food supplying.D40. The Leyden jar was one of the earliest form of condensers invented to store an electrical A B C Dcharge.CPassage 1Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod shaped bacteria are usually from two to tour microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter Thus if you enlarged a founded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tallEven with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy - looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria though the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power while others can glide along over surfaces by some little understood mechanism.From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope, even those with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by new ones even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.1 Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?(A) The characteristics of bacteria(B) How bacteria reproduce(C) The various functions of bacteria(A) How bacteria contribute to disease2. Bacteria are measured in(A) inches(B) centimeters(C) microns(D)millimeters3. Which of the following is the smallest?(A) A pinhead(B) A rounded bacterium(C) A microscope(D)A rod - shaped bacterium4. According to the passage, someone who examines bacteria using only a microscope that magnifies 100 times would see(A)tiny dots(B) small "hairs"(C) large rods(D) detailed structures5. The relationship between a bacterium and its flagella is most nearly analogous to which of the following?(A) A rider jumping on a horse's back(B) A ball being hit by a bat(C) A boat powered by a motor(D) A door closed by a gust of wind6. In line 16, the author compares water to molasses, in order to introduce which of the following topics?(A) The bacterial content of different liquids(B) What happens when bacteria are added to molasses(C) The molecular structures of different chemicals(D) How difficult it is for bacteria to move through waterPassage 2One of the most popular literary figures in American literature is a woman who spent almost half of her long life in China, a country on a continent thousands of miles from the Unite States. In her lifetime she earned this country's most highly acclaimed literary award: the Pulitzer Prize, and also the most prestigious form of literary recognition in the world, the Nobel Prize for Literature. Pearl S. Buck was almost a household word throughout much of her lifetime because of her prolific literary output, which consisted of some eighty - five published works, including several dozen novels, six collections of short stories, fourteen books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was eighty years old, some twenty - five volumes were awaiting publication. Many of those books were set in China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life served as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West. As the product of those two cultures she became as the described herself, "mentally bifocal." Her unique background made her into an unusually interesting and versatile human being. As we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be aware that we are in fact meeting three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer and a humanitarian and philanthropist. One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning about each of the three. Though honored in her lifetime with the William Dean Howell Medal of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in addition to the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes. Pearl Buck as a total human being, not only a famous author. i s a captivating subject of study.1.What is the author's main purpose in the passage?(A) To offer a criticism of the works of Pearl Buck.(B) To illustrate Pearl Buck's views on Chinese literature(C) To indicate the background and diverse interests of Pearl Buck(D) To discuss Pearl Buck's influence on the cultures of the East and the West2. According to the passage, Pearl Buck is known as a writer of all of the following EXCEPT(A) novels(B) children's books(C) poetry(D) short stories3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned by the author as an award received by Pearl Buck?(A) The Nobel Prize(B) The Newberry Medal(C) The William Dean Howell medal(D) The Pulitzer prize4. According to the passage, Pearl Buck was an unusual figure in American literature in that she(A) wrote extensively about a very different culture(B) published half of her books abroad(C) won more awards than any other woman of her time(D) achieved her first success very late in life5. According to the passage, Pearl Buck described herself as "mentally bifocal" to suggest thatshe was(A) capable of resolving thc differences between two distinct linguistic systems(B) keenly aware of how the past could influence the future(C) capable of producing literary works of interest to both adults and children(D) equally familiar with two different cultural environments1. The author's attitude toward Peart Buck could best be described as(A) indifferent(B) admiring(C) sympathetic(D) tolerantPassage 3When we accept the evidence of our unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have summed up the most important single fact about it-at this moment in time.It appears probable, however, that sunlight will be the color we know for only a negligibly small part of the Sun's history.Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look out into space, We see around us stars at all stages of evolution. There are faint blood-red dwarfs so cool that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at 100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range. Obviously, the "daylight" produced by any star depends on its temperature; today(and for ages to come) our Sun is at about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most of the Sun's light is concentrated in the yellow band of the spectrum, falling slowly in intensity toward both the longer and shorter light waves.That yellow "hump" will shift as the Sun evolves, and the light of day will change accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen fuel-which it is now doing at the spanking rate of half a billion tons a second- it will become steadily colder and redder.1.What is the passage mainly about?(A)Faint dwarf stars(B)The evolutionary cycle of the Sun(C)The Sun's fuel problem(D)The dangers of invisible radiation2.What does the author say is especially important about the Sun at the present time?(A) It appears yellow(B) It always remains the same(C) It has a short history(D) It is too cold3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?(A)They are short- lived.(B) They are mysterious.(C)They are frightening.(D) They are nearly invisible.4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to age, it is likely to become what color?(A) Yellow(B) Violet(C) Red(D) White5.In line 15,to which of the following does "it"refer?(A)yellow "hump"(B)day(C)Sun(D)hydrogen fuelPassage 4If by "suburb" is meant an urban margin that grows more rapidly than its already developed interior, the process of suburbanization began during the emergence of the industrial city in the second quarter of the nineteenth century. Before that period the city was a small highly compact cluster in which people moved about on foot and goods were conveyed by horse and cart. But the early factories built in the 1830'sand 1840's were located along waterways and near railheads at the edges of cities, and housing was needed for the thousands of people drawn by the prospect of employment. In time, the factories were surrounded by proliferating mill towns of apartments and row houses that abuttedthe older, main cities. As a defense against this encroachment and to enlarge their tax bases, the cities appropriated their industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the city of Philadelphia annexed most of Philadelphia County. Similar municipal maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New York Indeed, most great cities of the United States achieved such status only by incorporating the communities along their borders.With the acceleration of industrial growth came acute urban crowding and accompanying social stress conditions that began to approach disastrous proportions when, in 1888, the first commercially successful electric traction line was developed. Within a few years the horse - drawn trolleys were retired and electric streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected every major urban area, fostering a wave of suburbanization that transformed the compact industrial city into a dispersed metropolis. This first phase of mass - scale suburbanization was reinforced by the simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle class whose desires for homeownership In neighborhoods far from the aging inner city were satisfied by the developers of single - family housing tracts.1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(A) The growth of Philadelphia(B) The Origin of the Suburb(C) The Development of City Transportation(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class2. The author mentions that areas bordering the cities have grown during periods of(A) industrialization(B) inflation(C) revitalization(D) unionization3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to which of the following?(A) The smell of the factories(B) The growth of mill towns(C) The development of waterways(D) The loss of jobs4. Which of the following was NCT mentioned in the passage as a factor in nineteenth - century suburbanization?(A) Cheaper housing(B) Urban crowding(C)The advent of an urban middle class(D) The invention of the electric streetcar5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890 most people traveled around cities by(A) automobile(B) cart(C)horse - draw trolley(D)electric streetcar6. Where in the passage does the author describe the cities as they were prior to suburbanization.(A)Lines 3-5(B)Lines S-9(C)Lines 12- 13(D) Lines 15-18Passage 5The first English attempts to colonize North America were controlled by individuals rather than companies. Sir Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman to send colonists to the New World. His intrial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt ended in disaster in 1583, when Giblert and hisship were lost in a storm. In the following year, Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the patent, sponsored an expedition that explored the coast of the regionthat he named "Virgina." Under Raleigh's direction efforts were then made to establish a colony on Roanoke island in 1585 an6 1587. The survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke returned to England in 1586, but the second group of colonists disappeared without leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the tasks they had undertaken were too big for any one colonizer. Within a short time the trading company had supplanted the individual promoter of colonization.1. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the passage?(A)The Regulation of Trading Companies(B)British - Spanish Rivalry in the New World(C)Early Attempts at Colonizing North America(D)Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century2. The passage states which of the following about the first English people to be involved in establishing colonies in North America?(A)They were requested to do so by Queen Elizabeth.(B)They were members of large trading companies.(C)They were immediately successful.(D)They were acting on their own.3.According to the passage, which of the following statements about Sir HumphreyGilbert is true?(A) He never settled in North America.(B) His trading company was given a patent by the queen.(C) He fought the Spanish twice.(D) He died in 1587.　4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial expedition set out for North America?(A)1577(B)1579(C)1582(D)15845. Which of the following can be infered from the passage about members of the first Roanoke settlement?(A)They explored the entire coastal region.(B)Some did not survive.(C)They named the area "Virginia".(D) Most were not experienced sailors.6. According to the passage, the first English settlement on Roanoke Island was established in(A)1578(B)1583(C)1585(D)15877. According to the passage, which of; the following statements about the second settlement on Roanoke Island is true?(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to England.(B) It lasted for several years.(C) The fate of its inhabitants is unknown.(D) It was conquered by the Spanish.　。

老托福听力93篇（27-28）第一篇：老托福听力93篇(27-28)老托福听力93篇(27-28)-It seems like only yesterdayIt seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real live patient!Well, I have good news for you!You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year of medical school to get some hands-on experience!The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university's rural opportunity program.If you enroll in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks observing and assisting a real physician like me in a small rural community.You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention, and you can see what life as a country doctor is really like.The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider careers in rural communities that are still understaffed.It seems that medical students are afraid to go into rural family practice for two reasons.First, they don't know much about it.And second, specialists in the cities usually make more money.But, on the up-side, in rural practice, doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members of the community.I participated in the program when it first started and spent six weeks in a small rural town.Let me tell you, it was really great!I got to work with real patients.I watched the birth of a child, assisted an accident victim, and had lots of really practical hands-on experience—all in one summer.And to my surprise, I found that country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't—no pollution or traffic jams, forinstance!My experience made me want to work where I'm needed and appreciated.I don't miss the city at all!【生词摘录】1.live: adj.not dead or artificial;living 活的;非人造的;有生命的2.hands-on: adj.providing practical experience of something by letting people do it themselves 实际操作的，亲身实践的3.enroll: v.to officially arrange to join a school, university or course, or arrange for someone else to 招(生)，吸收(成员);注册(学习)4.physician: n.[C]AmE formal a doctor 【美，正式】(内科)医生5.understaffed: adj.not having enough workers, or fewer workers than usual 人员(配备)不足的，人手不够的6.up-side: n.especially AmE the positive part of a situation that is generally bad【尤美】(不利局面中)好的一面，积极面7.victim: n.[C]someone who has been attacked, robbed, or murdered 受害者;牺牲者8.jam: n.[C]a situation in which it is difficult or impossible to move because there are so many people, things, cars etc close together 拥挤;堵塞9.appreciate: v.to understand how good or useful someone or something is 欣赏;赏识;鉴赏In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you.Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class.I will, however, be here for Monday's.Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester.Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam.In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review session.Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken;however, attending the class wouldbe a good idea for those worried about the midterm.So, remember: optional class next Wednesday;midterm, Friday.【生词摘录】1.Detroit: the largest city in Michigan and a major Great Lakes port;center of the United States automobile industry;located in southeastern Michigan on the Detroit river across from Windsor 底特律2.administer: v.to organize the way a test or punishment is given, or the way laws are used 执行，实施3.optional: adj.if something is optional, you do not have to do it or use it, but you can choose to if you want to 可选择的，非强制的4.attendance: n.[C,U]the number of times that you go to a meeting, class etc that is held regularly 出席率，到场次数第二篇：老托福听力101-1501.Which of the following best describes the fact?A.Mary waits and lets Gail prepare dinnerB.Gail always helps prepare dinnerC.Gail does not let Mary help prepare dinnerD.Mary always prepares dinner alone2.What did the man want to do?A.The man arrested JaneB.The man threatened to call the policeC.The man didn’t want Jane to leaveD.The man promised to leave at once3.What do we know about Mr.Smith?A.Mr.Smith didn’t come yesterdayB.Mr.Smith came yesterdayC.Mr.Smith was busy yesterdayD.Mr.Smith was not dependable4.When did the class start?A.The class started at 11:30B.The class started at 12:00C.The class started at 12:30D.The class started at 1:005.Which of the following is true?A.Sally is a nurseB.The baby’s name is SallyC.The baby is girlD.Sally is a mother6.What is true about Mike?A.Mike didn’t finish schoolB.Mike went to school,then to workC.Mike would rather work than go to schoolD.Mike always finished his work7.What did the speaker want?A.He wanted saladB.He wanted a spoonC.He wanted sugarD.He wanted a fork8.What does the speaker mean?A.The policeman probably told Tom how to find the churchB.The policeman probably didn’t know how to find the churchC.Tom probably never found the churchD.Tom probably never asked the policeman9.What do we know about Jim?A.Jim had his car keyB.Jim was still in his houseC.Jim’s house key was in his pocketD.Jim lost his car10.Which of the following is true?A.George wanted to go,but his wife wanted to stayB.George wanted to stay,but his wife wanted to goC.Both of them were determined to goD.Both of them were determined to stay11.What does the speaker mean?A.The outside should be cleaned with a damp clothB.The exterior should be moistened before cleaningC.The moist cloth should be cleaned before wipingD.The outside should be cleaned before moistening12.Which of the following is true?A.I don’t enjoy talking with Mr.jonesB.I’m not planning to talk with Mr.jonesC.I expect to be talking with Mr.Jones soonD.I haven’t had to talk wi th Mr.Jones very often13.What does the speaker mean?A.I often leave before the play is overB.I travel less than Joe doesC.I see the plays after Joe sees themD.I go to the theater,but not so often as Joe14.How many volleyball players are there in the team?A.96B.25C.150D.1615.How much is it for three pairs of these end tables?A.$85B.$150C.$170D.$45016.What does the speaker mean?A.Tom wanted a tennis racketB.Tom did not play basketballC.A tennis racket came as Tom’s birthday giftD.Tom wanted a basketball or a tennis racket17.Which of the following is true?A.She amuses herself easilyB.She is never left aloneC.She is left without any problemD.She has a problem staying amused18.How is the business now?A.Business is better now than ever beforeB.Business is prosperousC.Business is never slowD.Business is not as good as it used to be19.How many birds are left now?A.FourB.EightC.TwoD.None20.What happened to the woman?A.She had a headache suddenlyB.She never has headachesC.She had broken the typewriterD.Buying a typewriter gave the woman a headache21.What does the speaker mean?A.Mary likes to be unfriendlyB.Mary waved when she saw youC.Mary did not wave because she did not see youD.You should have waved at Mary22.What does the speaker usually do?A.He doesn’t lock his bike outsideB.He usually leaves his bike outsideC.He locks his bike outside and it is his habitD.His bike has no locks23.Which of the is true?A.I used Frank’s car with his permissionB.Louise lent Fra nk’s car to me without his knowledgeC.Louise lent her car to me and I gave it to FrankD.I lent Louise Frank’s car24.What do we know about the girl and her bike?A.The girl screamed and kicked her friendB.The bicycle screamed at the small girlC.The sma ll girl’s bike fell on her and she screamedD.The girl screamed and kicked her bike25.What does the speaker mean?A.Nancy has Paul’s scarf onB.Nancy is wearing a knit scarfC.Paul has a knit scarfD.Paul never wears the knit scarf that Nancy made him26.What is Mary doing?A.She is looking for her paint brushesB.She is looking for some empty cansC.She is painting the cansD.She is emptying a couple of cans27.Which of the following is true?A.Bob criticized his father’s plans for a new office buildingB.Bob was unhappy when his father criticized his plans for a new office buildingC.Bob and his father criticized the plans for a new office buildingD.Bob’s father criticized him in his new office28.What does the speaker mean?A.It’s bad to go outsideB.I t’s bad you don’t have an umbrellaC.If it didn’t rain,you would have been happierD.All of the rain should not bother you29.What do we know about the accountant?A.The accountant is poorB.The accountant has got enough senseC.The accountant’s judgment i s not reliableD.The accountant can be trusted30.Why is Betty late?A.Because she doesn’t like her jobB.Because she takes her son to the nurseryC.Because her son is illD.The speaker doesn’t tell us31.What does the speaker mean?A.Bill gulped his drinkB.Bill enjoys his food a great dealC.Bill didn’t enjoy his drinkD.Bill savored the taste of his drink32.Which is more difficult for the speaker to play?A.ChessB.VolleyballC.FootballD.Basketball33.Which is more difficult for the speaker to play?A.She wants him to take up smokingB.She wants him to cut down on his smokingC.She wants him to give up smokingD.She wants him to look into smoking34.What happened to the speaker’s car?A.It was badly damagedB.It fell into a riverC.It left the road and stopped in a fieldD.The speaker doesn’t tell us35.What does the speaker think of Kenny?A.She thinks Kenny’s independentB.She thinks Kenny’s selfishC.She thinks Kenny’s intelligentD.She thinks Kenny’s generous36.How did the speaker train the dog?A.Punish the dogB.Pick the dog upC.Reward the dogD.Ignore the dog37.Which of the following is true?A.He neither speakers,understands,nor know how to write JapaneseB.While he speakers and understands Janpanese,he isn’t able to write itC.He’s not able to speak or understand Japanese,but he knows how to write itD.Although he can’t speak or understand Janpanese,he can write it38.How is the speaker feeling?A.SickB.HappyC.BetterD.FIne39.What does the woman mean?A.She said she wanted to go to the moviesB.She said she’d rather go to the movies tomorrow nightC.She said she didn’t want to go to the moviesD.She said she went to the movies with Joe40.Which of the following is true?A.I didn’t know where you lived,so I didn’t visit youB.I couldn’t f ind your dressC.I had no idea you were visitingD.I came to see you,but you weren’t at home41.What do you know about the President’s speech?A.What do you think provoked the President?B.The President was thinking aloudC.Don’t you think the speech was s timulatingD.The speech angered the press42.What does the speaker mean?A.You shouldn’t be that busy nowB.You’ve had a lot to do recentlyC.Did you expect to be so busyD.How have you been doing recently43.What do we know about Jack?A.Jack’s way was mo re funB.Jack was quite pleasantC.Jack wasn’t pleased anywayD.Jack wasn’t at the play44.Which of the following is correct?A.I have never met Sara’s friendsB.I’m a friendlier person than SaraC.Sara has never been friendly to meD.Sara is the friendliest person I know45.Which of the following is true?A.There’s trash collection everydayB.The litter gets worse everydayC.Lee picks up the garbage during the dayD.Lee stops at the garage each day46.What happened to Alice?A.Alice gave the policeman a ticket to a movieB.The officer was all out of tickets that dayC.Alice got a ticket for speedingD.The policeman saw Alice driving47.What does the speaker mean?A.I watched for ten minutesB.It wa 9:30 when I set my watchC.The time is 9:20D.I set my watch thirty minutes ahead48.What does the speaker mean?A.I’ll do it at onceB.I’ll look for it without delayC.I won’t be fooled againD.I’ll talk to him right now49.What happened to Jim?A.Jim hurt his foot when returningB.Jim heard it correctly the second timeC.Jim weighed his peckD.Jim hurt his back50.What does the speaker mean?A.Don’t you need a refill for your pen?B.Your order for a dozen pencils has been filledC.Ben needs another bill from youD.Don’t you want to get your friend a new pen第三篇：老托福听力93篇(87-88)-These days we take 老托福听力93篇(87-88)-These days we takeThese days we take for granted the wide variety of music available on the radio.But, this wasn't always the case.In the early days of radio, stations were capable of broadcasting only a narrow range of sounds, which was all right for the human voice but music didn't sound very good.There was also a great deal of crackling and other static noises that further interfered with the quality of the sound.A man named Edwin Armstrong, who was a music lover, set out to change this.He invented FM radio, a technology that allowed stations to send a broad range of frequencies that greatly improved the quality of the music.Now, you'd think that this would have made him a millionaire;it didn't.Radio stations at that time had invested enormous amounts of money in the old technology.So the last thing they wanted was to invest millions more in the new technology.Nor did they want to have to compete with other radio stations that had a superior sound and could put them out of business.So they pressured the Federal Communications Commission, the department of the United States government that regulates radio stations, to put restrictive regulations on FM radio.The result was that its use was limited to a very small area around New England.Of course as we all know, Edwin Armstrong's FM technology eventually prevailed and was adopted by thousands of stations around the world.But this took years of court battles and he never saw how it came to affect the lives of almost everyone.【生词摘录】1.crackling: n.[C]爆裂声2.static: adj.静电的3.FM: 调频(frequency modulation)4.frequency: n.[C]频率lionaire: n.[C]百万富翁，大富豪6.restrictive: adj.限制性的7.regulation: n.规则，规章8.prevail: v.流行，盛行，获胜，成功9.adopt: v.采用I'm going to talk about a train that exemplifies the rise and fall of passenger trains in the United States: the Twentieth Century Limited.Let me go back just a bit.In 1893, a special train was established to take people from New York to an exposition in Chicago.It was so successful that regular service was then set up between these cities.The inaugural trip of the Twentieth Century Limited was made in 1902.The train was different from what anyone had ever seen before.It was pulled by a steam engine and had five cars: two sleepers, a dining car, an observation car, and a baggage car, which, believe it or not, contained a library.The 42 passengers the train could carry were waited on by a large staff.There were even secretaries and a barber on board.It wasn't long before people had to wait two years to get a reservation.As time passed, technical improvements shortened the trip by a few hours.Perhaps the biggest technological change occurred in 1945, the switch from steam to diesel engines.By the 1960's, people were traveling by car and airplane.Unfortunately, the great old train didn't survive until the end of the century it was named for.【生词摘录】1.exemplify: v.例证，例示，作为……例子2.exposition: n.[C]博览会，展览会3.inaugural: adj.最早的，开始的4.sleeper: n.[C](火车等的)卧铺5.observation car: n.[C](火车的)游览车厢(有特大车窗或透明车顶)，了望车6.baggage: n.[C]行李7.wait on: 服侍，招待8.barber: n.[C]理发师9.reservation: n.[C]预订，预约10.switch: n.[C]转变11.diesel: n.[C]柴油机第四篇：托福听力策略小结托福听力策略小结1.在快速浏览时获取信息。

老托听力文本目录校园类17+4=21 (2)第一篇宿舍噪音 (2)第一篇（打工场景） (10)生物类15+13=28 (12)第一篇reptile (13)第一篇（实验介绍） (20)天文类3+3=6 (26)第一篇Jupiter (27)第一篇（登陆月球和火星） (28)地球科学类5+12=17 (30)第一篇恐龙消失 (30)第一篇（地球interior） (32)人类学类5+3=8 (38)第一篇The origin of farming of prehistoric times (38)第一篇 (41)历史类16+31=47 (42)第一篇建筑 (42)第一篇（舞蹈） (50)人体生理心理学类2+7=9 (66)66第一篇（Baby hypothesis） (67)Business类4 (71)语言学类3 (73)校园类17+4=21第一篇宿舍噪音W: So how do you like living in the renovated dorms?M: There aren’t much different than the old dorms, ju st some new pane and windows. The windows are nice so they shut off the noise really well. The street’s just outside, but I can barely hear the traffic.W: Um, they must be good windows, I bet they must have double panes and glass; they shut off a lot o f noise that the single pane wouldn’t stop.M: Yeah, I wish I had something just the factor between me and my neighbor’s room. Sometimes he turns up the music so loud that I have trouble getting into sleep. Anyway I guess I’m better off than the people who’ll be moving into the new dorms. Did you see how thin the walls are that they putting up between those rooms?W: I haven’t seen them but I did read something about them in the campus newspaper. They are supposed to be better than the thick concrete wa ll you’ve got here.M: Better? How?W: Well, what they doing is separating each room with 2 thin layer of plasterboards and each one is nailed to a different frame. That way they vibrate independently.M: Oh, I see, so the sound from one room doesn’t just vibrate the wall and go directly into next room. There is a gap between 2 layers of wall.W: That’s right.M: Well, I’m still stuck with this neighbor and I am not sure what to do.W: You know heavy bear wall doesn’t help. You should hang somet hing up like some fur rags or some decorated cross. That would act like a kind of a second wall and absorb some sound. I got some extras you can use, people hey.M: I’d appreciate it; anything to get a good night sleep.第二篇W: Can I help you find something? Oh, hi, Rick!M: Oh, hi, Julie. When did you start working here? I thought you were waiting tables in Teresa’s café.W: Yeah, I quitted, because I had to work too many nights. I started here just a few days ago. It’s perfect! I work all aftern oon shift. So my mornings are free for classes, and I can study at night. So what are you looking for?M: Well, I can’t seem to find the 8th book for English 626. I only found these seven. I’m probably looking right at itW: Um…English 626…English 626… Are you sure they are 8?M: Yeah, they are 8 titles on my syllabus. And look, the card on the shelf had eight listed. But I can only find seven of the books.W: You are right. Oh, here they are. They are on the wrong shelves over here by economics books.I’ll have to put these into the English books so they are not so hard to find.M: Thanks a lot. Can you point me the direction of the computer paper?W: Sure, it’s… 2 or 3 aisles over. Why don’t you follow me? It’s easier just to show you.第三篇选课M: Janet! Nice to see you again. Ready to plan you schedule for next semester?W: Yeah, I’ve already looked at the list of classes. And I hope to take business law and intro tofinance this coming semester.M: That sounds good. And it is always best plans the courses in your major first and then fit out the requirements on the electives then.W: I like to take one other business course, but I am not sure which one?M: How are about an economics course?W: I took one this past semester and got a lot out of it.M: Oh, that’s right I remember you telling me about it. Well, let’s see what else you need? W: I need another English course and was thinking about taking a poetry class.M: Let me see, the prerequisite for all the poetry classes is the English composition.W: I took that my first semester.M: Well, modern American poetry fits in your scheduleW: With Doctor Turner?M: Um-huh…W: That’ll be great! I heard all about her from my roommate, the English major.M: This should up tobe a pretty good semester for you, what else do you need to take?W: I have to take one more math course but I have been putting it at all. I heard that calculus isreally tough.M: It is! But you may want to take it and just take these four courses this semester.W: That’s not a bad idea! I just hope it doesn’t affect my grade point average!第四篇学生抗议食堂W: Excuse me. Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M: No I guess not.M: Great! This is for a student council report; we want to find out what students think the campus food service the results would tell us what kind of changes to push for.M: I think everyone has pretty strong opinions about that.W: Yeah, that’s one thing I found out already. Ok, first how often do you eat in the caf eteria? M: Almost everyday, I’ve got a meal contract.W: And do you usually eat here at Anderson hall.M: Yeah, I live next door.W: And you mention that you have a meal contract, is that right?M: Uh-huh! For breakfast and dinner, Monday to Saturday.W: What’s your general impression of the food here?M: Well, people complain a lot, but basically I think it’s ok. The vegetables are usually overcooked, but I mean they had to feed hundreds of people here. You are not going to get something freshly prepared just for you.W: What if I just put down generally satisfactory, would like more fresh vegetables, ok?M: Sure.W: So you think the other things like soup and dessert’s okay?M: Yeah, that’s about right.W: Is there anything you like to change about the cafeteria?M: Yes, the hours. Sometimes it’s a real rush for me to get back here before 6:30.第五篇学习问题★W: Excuse me! I need to a copy of Steven Hakim’s Brief History of Time. And I don’t know where to look for it?M: Did you che ck the status on the library’s computer?W: I tried but I couldn’t figure out what to do.M: Well I can call it up right here. You wanted Hakim’s book right? It looks like it will be out for another 6 weeks.W: Oh no, I really need it for paper that due in 2 weeks. Is there anything you can do?M: Sure, we can try to get it from another library, just fill out this form and it should be here in 3 or 5 days. But it will cost 2 dollars.W: What a relief! That’s a really help!**********************************************************★M: Good morning. Is this where we should come to add or drop a course?W: Yes, it is. Just write the name of the course you want to drop on this little form.M: Great! Now where do I write the Astronomy course that I want to add?W: Sorry it’s too late to add a course. You could only add courses two weeks since this semester. And Friday was the last day.M: But I’m senior. And if I dropped the class without adding in one, I wouldn’t have enough credits to graduate.W: So, what you have to do then is to get the professor’s approval and have him sign the special add form. Then bring it back to me, and I put it through.M: Okay. Thanks. I hope I’ll be able to find them.**********************************************************★M: Hi, Lanyard, we missed you in psychology class yesterday.W: I have a terrible cough. So I stayed at home. Do you take notes?M: Well, no one can ever recite for my handwriting. Tina was there, too. And you are more likely to be able to read her notes.W: Do you know where she is today?M: I know she has class in the morning. But she always eats lunch in the cafeteria around noon.W: Good! I’ll try to catch her then.第六篇打工场景M: So you are going to be writing for the school newspaper?W: Yes, I’m excited about it. I’m thinking about journalism as a career.M: Well! Congratulations! How do they decide whom to hire?W: I have to send the writing sample. I used one of the essays I’ve written for the literature class, then the editor assigned me a topic to write a short article about it.M: What did you write about?W: Actually, it was a lot of fun. I wrote about the students’ play that has been performed this month.M: Oh, I saw that play. The director is a friend of mine. It really called in a stir around here. W: Yeah, I know. That’s what I wrote about --people’s reaction to it. It’s really interesting. M: Have you finished the article? Can I read it?W: Sure. I just made a couple of copies. So you can have one.M: Thanks. I wish I were a better writer. Working for the paper sounds like fun.W: Well, they’re looking to add one or two more photographers to the staff.M: You’re kidding! May be I’ll go over and apply.W: If you want, I’ll walk over with you to the newspa per office and introduce you to the photographic editor and some of the other photographers.M: That will be terrific! But can we go tomorrow? I have to go to math class now. And if we go tomorrow, then I’ll have time tonight to put together a portfolio of photographs to show them.W: Sure. And maybe you should call them and set up a time to meeting them tomorrow. M: Good idea. I’ll do that before I go to class.W: All right. See you tomorrow.第七篇学习问题W: Hey, Kevin, I haven’t seen you since the begin ning of the semester, how is it going?M: Well, I am a little overwhelmed. It’s strange. I always want to go to a big university like this but now I am here. I am not so sure. I mean the courses are interesting enough, but… W: What’s bothering you then?M: Well after going to a small high school and knowing everybody it’s a pretty shagged to be in huge lecture hall with hundreds of students. And not one professor even knows my name. W: I know you mean. I’ve so pretty lost myself last year but I know about something that might help. It’s called the mentor group.M: The what?W: The mentor group. It’s like a support group. I joined it last year when I was a first year student.M: So what is it?W: It’s basically professors and small group of stu dents getting together informally to discuss all kinds of subjects. You have the chance to meet professors and other students.M: Hem, sounds worthwhile, but doesn’t it take up a lot of studying time？W: Not really, you can study all the time you know and this is like a little break.M: I guess you could meet professor whose course you might take later!W: Exactly, that’s what happened to me! I am taking the psychology course with Professor Green. I didn’t know how interesting psychology was, till I got to talk to him in the mentor group.M: You talk to him in the mentor group! Is it too late to join?W: I don’t think so; if I were you I go over to the dean’s office and sign up.M: I was going to the library to return a book but I can do it later I guess.第八篇注册学校W: Here we are at registration again; I can’t believe how much tuition has gone up.M: I know. It’s ridiculous. You know my cousin Anne pays nothing to go her school in Kentucky.W: Nothing! Maybe I should transfer there.M: You can’t, only students from certain part of Kentucky can go. It’s only for students from the Appalachian Mountains area.W: So with no tuition how do they run the school?M: Well, they get a lot of donations.W: And that pays for everything?M: Well, they also get some money from the government and besides that all the students are required to work at the college. That’s why the college doesn’t need to hire a lot ofoutside-workers.W: Oh yeah, that will help cut the school expenses, so what kind of job do they do?M: My cousin helps to clean the dorms. I think her roommate washes dishes in the cafeteria. Things like that.W: That sounds great! Come to think of it. I heard of something in Georgia called hope scholarship.M: Hope scholarship? What’s that?W: I think they used state lottery money to give free tuition. But not everyone from Georgia qualifies. You need at least B average in high school.M: I should apply for that. I had really good grades in high school.W: No, you had to be from Georgia.M: Just my luck.第九篇学习问题W: What’s the matter? I’ve never seen you look so tense?M: Oh, I am just frustrated. That’s all. I have been working on this lab report for my biology class for hours and the results keep coming out wrong.W: Did you use the right procedures?M: Yeah, that’s not the problem…it’s just the…well, it’s just, you know every time I do the statistics I get the different results. Did you ever take biology?W: No, I fill my science requirement with physics, I real ly don’t care for biology especially dissection. I must pass it down in high school. We had to cut open that.M: Ok, I get the picture, I am bit squish myself but biology requires the least math, which isn’t my best subject. I really don’t see why we ev en have to take science classes if we are not major in it. I am never going to use this in the real life.W: Well that’s not the point really, a college graduate suppose to be well-rounded it. You knowwith broad education. You can only specialize in grad school.M: Sure, if I ever get there. It just seems I run one biology lab report could stand in the wave of brilliant career in sociology.W: You don’t be silly; you will manage somehow. See how come you don’t have the result for one of your XXX to write down.M: Whoops! I must forgot to add it in. No wonder my figures were messed up!十篇W: Hi, Mark, how is it going?M: Well, not so great.W: What's wrong?M: I’ve got a big problem with the poetry course that’s required for my major.W: Is it all sold up?M: No, no, there's plenty room, but there's prerequisite. I’ve got to take an introduction to poetry before I can take the special course in poets of the 1960's, and the introductory course is only offered in the evenings.W: You don't like evening classes?M: No, that's not the point. I work in the cafeteria every evening; I need the money to pay my tuition.W: Can you ask someone that work to switch hours with you? Maybe you could just switch a couple of evening since the course probably only needs two times a week?M: I wish I could, my boss just did me a favor by putting me on evenings. And he'll hit the ceiling if I ask to change again.W: Wait a minute, I have an idea, have you checked the course over at the community college?They might offer intro-to-poetry course during the day!M: Hey, that's a great idea! I am free this afternoon, I think I'll go over and check it out.W: Yeah, their courses are actually cheaper and you can transfer the credits over here!M: Thank for the advice, Linda. I'll let you know what happens.W: Sure, Mark, good luck! Oh, while you there, could you find out when the pool is open? M: No problem.第十一篇学习问题M: I'm really glad we got Cindy to be in our study group.W: That's for sure, his background in art should be a big help getting ready for this art history final.M: Now, what we'll have to do is to figure out where we’re going to meet.W: Why don't we just meet in the library?M: The six people in the group will probably make too much noise. How about my dorm room?W: There is not enough space, where would we all sit?M: Oh, I know, the snack bar in the student center! It is not too crowd in the evening, and we can push some tables together.W: That'll work! I'll let everyone know to be there at 7:00 tonight.第十二篇买书M: Excuse me. I am looking for the textbook for a course called Psychology of Personality, but Ican't find it anywhere.W: Is that the book for Dr. Peterson's course?M: That's right, Psychology 3601.W: Yes, yes, I was afraid of that. It seems we didn't order enough books for that class. You are the 7th person today who’s come in looking for one.M: But classes begin on Monday.W: I wouldn't worry, Dr. Peterson was aware of the problem, and we got another shipment of books coming in before the end of the month.M: Can I reserve the copy?W: No problem. Just give me your name and phone number, we'll call you when the books arrive.第十三篇停车★M: I’ve got another parking ticket. I don't under stand why?W: What color sticker do you have?M: It's gold; it's for this lot!W: Well, where did you park?M: Over there, next to that green truck.W: You are right in front of the loading dock; that's where they unload the kitchen supplies. M: So what?W: You are lucky you only got a ticket. Normally, security tows any cars that park there.第十四篇打工场景★Listen to a conversation between an advisor and a student.W: Come on in, Paul, and have a seat. How can I help you?M: Well, I need to choose my major, and I guess I am not sure what I want to do for a career. W: Oh!M: My problem is that I love philosophy, but my dad doesn't want me to get a degree in the humanities. He said that I'll be better off financially with a career in something like business. W: Yes, people in the humanities often do make lower salaries.M: Yeah, and I don't want to be poor, so I’m doomed.W: Hem...I guess you know that a lot of famous philosophers work in other fields, too. In fact,some of them did ground-breaking work.M: Like Aristotle?W: Um, this is just one example. There were doctors, lawyers, historians, mathematicians. Lock for example, he was trained to medicine.M: Yeah, but you are talking about geniuses. I get to grades, but I'm not a genius.W: My point is, you could work in a higher paid field and pursue philosophy on the side. It's not too late for you to declare a double major.M: But what other fields what I choose?W: I can help you with that, there's a special test you can take to determine your talents. You can take it now and it only takes an hour, then we can match your talents to a variety of job descriptions and go for there.M: Ok, that sounds like a good plan!第十五篇打工场景M: Ms. Preska, I am Tim Louis.W: Nice to meet you, Tim. The work study office called to let me know you will come in. You are interested in job here this coming semester.M: Yes, I was hoping the library might be able to use me.W: We always need some help from work study students. Can you tell me a little about yourself?M: Let’s see, I am a sophomore. I live off campus and I major in business.W: Fine, what about work experience?M: I have been the lifeguard for 3 summers at city pool. Here on campus I work last year in the cafeteria. This semester I am at the computer center 3 evenings a week but I prefer the afternoon job.W: We have the opening for someone to share books 4 afternoons a week, a total of 16 hours. Will that suit you?M: Perfectly, my courses in next semester all meet in the morning.W: The job is yours then. Please read through this information before your begin, your first day of work will be 2 weeks from today.M: Thank you very much, I’ll see you then.第十六篇暑假出行M: So where are you going to be this summer?W: I’ve got a part time job at the gallery in New York. And I will be taking a joining class at night.M: That's great. You can learn a lot working in an art gallery, and there's no place like New York for an inspiring artist. I lived there myself when I was first at the college.W: I know how lucky I am to have this job but to tell you the truth; I have my heart set on going out west this summer.M: Out west? You mean California.W: No, the southwest, the desert and everythingM: Why the desert?W: Well, you know, Georgia O'Keeffe is my favorite artist, and she did such good work out there.M: That' true. But O'Keeffe didn't start out in the southwest, you know. She lived in New York for years, and she did some very impressive painting there.W: I guess you mean the skyscraper series. It's funny I never really thought about where she paint them before.M: It was in New York and she got a lot out of living there. She didn't always enjoy it. But later on she said that being around so many artists that help her to develop her own artistic vision.W: That's a new way of looking at the city. Now I can only find affordable place to live.第十七篇学习问题★Listen to part of the conversation between two college studentsM: Could we stop for a few minutes before we go over chapter five? I'm gonna need extra emerge to get through that one.W: Why? The first four chapters went really fast.M: I know, but the professor said the test would go up to chapter five. And that's the one I understand least. My notes from that day are a mess, circles made of broken lines, the word "GESTALT" in big letters, complete confusion.W: Ok, well, let's start with the broken lines. There suppose to be an illustration of the principle of closure. The idea is that your brain doesn't take in information exactly the same way as your eyes see it. I mean it's not like your eyes are camera and your brain just see the photographs it takes. The point is that your brain perceives more than your eyes actually see. Imaging individual broken lines and the shape of the circle, your brain perceives them to be a circle, even though the shape isn't complete. Your brain fills in the empty spaces because what it sees is familiar to a complete pattern.M: Oh, I get it. Our brain s’ close is based in the circle --- closure, so is closure the same thing as GESTALT?W: Well, closure is part of GESTALT. It's one of the five principles that try to explain how thebrain organizes the information it perceives.M: Hem, do you think that the other four principles would be on the test?W: Probably seems they are all in chapter five. We'd better go over all of them.M: Yeah, I'm sure you are right. But let's go and get something to eat before we do the rest, ok? Otherwise, I don't think my brain will be able to perceive anything.W: Sure, let's go.第一篇（打工场景）It seems like only yesterday that I was sitting where you are, just finishing my first year of medical school and wondering if I'd ever get a chance to use all my new knowledge on a real live patient!Well, I have good news for you! You don't have to wait until your third or fourth year ofMedical school to get some hands-on experience! The dean has invited me here to tell you about the university's rural opportunity program. If you enroll in this program, you can have the opportunity this summer, after your first year of medical school, to spend from four to six weeks observing and assisting a real physician like me in a small rural community. You won't have to compete with other students for time and attention, and you can see what life as a country doctor is really like.The program was designed to encourage medical students like yourselves to consider careers in rural communities that are still understaffed. It seems that medical students are afraid to go into rural family practice for two reasons. First, they don't know much about it. And second, specialists in the cities usually make more money. But, on the up-side, in rural practice, doctors can really get to know their patients and be respected members of the community.I participated in the program when it first started and spent six weeks in a small rural town. Let me tell you, it was really great! I got to work with real patients. I watched the birth of a child, assisted an accident victim, and had lots of really practical hands-on experience --- all in one summer. And to my surprise, I found that country life has a lot to offer that city life doesn't --- no pollution or traffic jams, for instance!My experience made me want to work where I'm needed and appreciated. I don't miss the city at all!第二篇（选课场景）In the few minutes that remain of today's class, I'd like to discuss next week's schedule with you. Because I'm presenting a paper at a conference in Detroit on Thursday, I won't be here for either Wednesday's or Friday's class. I will, however, be here for Monday's. Next Friday, a week from today, is the midterm exam, marking the halfway point in the semester. Professor Andrews has agreed to administer the exam. In place of the usual Wednesday class, I've arranged an optional review session. Since it is optional, attendance will not be taken; however, attending the class would be a good idea for those worried about the midterm. So, remember: optional class next Wednesday; midterm, Friday.第三篇（打工场景）Good afternoon. I'm here today to talk to you about a career with our airline. We're especially interested in recruiting people to fill openings for flight attendants.First of all, to work as a flight attendant with us, you must be accepted into our training program --- and with so many people applying, it's not easy to be selected. From the thousands of applications that we receive annually, we choose fewer than a thousand people for training. So, we require experience serving the public; and it also helps if you've earned some college credits.Also, not everybody who gets accepted into the training program makes it through.The course meets six days a week for five weeks. The training includes extensive classroom workin such subjects as first aid and passenger psychology as well as practical training in flight procedures and meal service. A lot of our graduates say that our fight attendants develop the skills of a nurse, a headwaiter, and a public relations executive!But, as a flight attendant myself, I can say that all of the hard work is worth it. Of course, I get to travel throughout the country, and the airline pays all of my expenses while I'm away from my base station. And, what I like best of all is that I've made friends with people from all over the country!第四篇（Housing场景）I need to make sure you understand how to get housing for next year. When you entered as first-year students this year, the school assigned you to a dorm and a roommate, but next year as returning students you'll choose both your roommate and your dorm. But whether or not you actually get to live in your first choice depends on what number you or your roommate draws in the lottery system. The system gives priority to the students who have been here longest. Fourth-year students get the first block of numbers, third-years get the second block, and second-years --- like you'll be --- get the third. The lower the number you draw, the sooner you choose. Number one gets the first choice, number two gets the second choice, and so on.You can use either your won or your intended roommate's number to make your room choice. If your roommate for next year has been at the school longer than you have, they'll be in a better block of numbers and so will have a better number than any second-year student. But most of you will probably be rooming with other second-year students and so neither of you may have a great number. You may not get into your first or even second choice. Of course, if you've made plans to live off campus, you don't need to enter the lottery at all.Dorm space will be especially tight this year because the dorms on North Campus will be closed for renovations. This means that those of you who draw the worst numbers won't be able to get dorm housing at all. In that case, the housing office will help you find off-campus housing.生物类15+13=28。

TOEFL学习资料听力09(6)39. Why does the woman collect coins?40. Why were letters VDB on pennies?41. What was one of reasons the speaker collected coins as a teenager?42. What will the speaker do next?Question 43-46 Listen to talk from a biology classToday I want to talk to you about wasps and their nests. You'll recall the biologist divide species of wasps into two groups: solitary and social. Solitary wasps as the name implies do not live together with other wasps. In most species the male and female get together only to mate and then the female does all the work of building the nest and providing the food for the offspring by herself. Solitary wasps usually make nests in the ground and they separate the chambers for the individual offspring with bits of grass, stone or mud, whatever is handy. What about social wasps? They form a community and work together to build and maintain the nest. A nest begins in the spring when the fertile female called the queen builds the first few compartments in the nest and lay eggs. The first offspring are females but cannot lay eggs. These females called workers. They build a lot of new compartments and the queen lays more eggs. They also care for the new offspring and defend the nest with their stingers. By the way only the female wasps have stingers. Most social wasps make nest of paper. The female produces the paper by chewing up plant fibers or old wood. They spread the papers in thin layers to make cells, in which the queen lays her eggs. Most of you I'm sure have seen these nests suspended from trees. They may also be built under the ground in abandoned rodent burrows.43. Who build the nest of solitary wasps?44. Why the female wasps are more dangers to people than the mal wasps are?45. What is the main function of the queen?46. What are the nests of social wasps made of?Question 47-50 Listen to a talk in class about United States historyOne of the most popular myths about the United States in the 19th Century was that of the free and simple life of the farmer. It was said that the farmers worked hard on their own land to produce whatever their families' needed. They might sometimes trade with their neighbors, but in general they could get along just fine by relying on themselves, not on commercial ties with others. This is how Thomas Jefferson idealized the farmer at the beginning of the 19th century. And at that time, this may have been close to the truth especially on the frontier. But by the mid century sweeping changer in agriculture were well under way as farmers began to specialize in the raising of crops such as cotton or corn or wheat. By late in the century revolutionary advances in farm machinery has vastly increased production of specialized crops and extensive network of railroads had linked farmers throughout the country to markets in the east and even overseas. By raising and selling specialized crops, farmers could afford more and finer goods and achieved a much higher standard of living but at a price. Now farmers were no longer dependent just on the weather and their own efforts, their lives were increasing controlled by banks,which had powder to grant or deny loans for new machinery, and by the railroads which set the rates for shipping their crops to market. As businessmen, farmers now had to worry about national economic depressions and the influence of world supply and demand on, for example, the price of wheat in Kansas. And so by the end of the 19th century, the era of Jefferson's independent farmer had come to a close.【。

2000年8月托福听力文字1. man: Do you have this style shirt in my size?1。

男:你这种样式的衬衫有我能穿的尺寸吗?woman: I'll check. but. . . to tell you the truth, I think this one's right for you.女人:我查一下。

但是……实话告诉你,我认为这个你穿正合适。

Q: what does the woman mean?2 man: Oh, I'm sorry, I just realized that I forgot to bring the tape recorder you lent me. I left it back in my dorm.男:哦,对不起,我意识到,我忘记带你借给我的录音机。

我把它留在宿舍。

woman: that's all right. I won't need it until tonight. as long as I've got it by then.女人:没关系。

我直到今晚才需要它,。

Q: what does the woman imply about the tape recorder?3 man: So how much was your plane ticket?3人:你的机票多少钱? Baritonewoman: More than I could really afford. I had to dip into (浏览，稍加研究)my saving.女人:超过我能负担得起。

我不得不研究我的储蓄。

Q: what does the woman imply?Erod4 woman: We would be going to be busy days for me next semester. three class in the morning and then two more in the afternoon. I won't even have time for lunch.4女人: 下学期将是我们忙碌的日子。

（完整版）老托听力93篇原文老托Part C精选93篇1Community service is an important component of education here at our university. We encourage all students to volunteer for at least one community activity before they graduate. A new community program called "One On One" helps elementary students who've fallen behind. You education majors might be especially interested in it because it offers the opportunity to do some teaching—that is, tutoring in math and English. You'd have to volunteer two hours a week for one semester. You can choose to help a child with math, English, or both. Half-hour lessons are fine, so you could do a half hour of each subject two days a week. Professor Dodge will act as a mentor to the tutors—he'll be available to help you with lesson plans or to offer suggestions for activities. He has office hours every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon. You can sign up for the program with him and begin the tutoring next week. I'm sure you'll enjoy this community service and you'll gain valuable experience at the same time. It looks good on your resume, too, showing that you've had experience with children and that you care about your community. If you'd like to sign up, or if you have any questions, stop by Professor Dodge's office this week.【生词摘录】/doc/0b6916605.html,ponent: n.［C］one of several parts that together make up a wholemachine or system （机器或系统的）零件；成分；组成部分2.tutor: n.［C］someone who teaches one pupil or a small group, and isdirectly paid by them 家庭教师，私人教师 v. to teach someone as a tutor 给…当家庭教师；指导3.mentor: n.［C］an experienced person who advises and helps a lessexperienced person 顾问，指导人，教练2I hope you've all finished reading the assigned chapter on insurance so that you're prepared for our discussion today. But, before we start, I'd like to mention a few things your text doesn't go into. It's interesting to note that insurance has existed in some form for a very long time. The earliest insurance policies were what we called bottomry contracts. They provided shipping protection for merchants as far back as 3000 B.C. In general, the contracts were often no more than verbal agreements. They granted loans to merchants with the understanding that if a particular shipment of goods was lost at sea, the loan didn't have to be repaid. Interest on the loans varied according to how risky it was to transport the goods. During periods of heavy piracy at sea, for example, the amount of interest and the cost of the policy went up considerably. So, you can see how insurance helped encourage international trade. Even the most cautious merchants became willing to risk shipping their goods over long distances, not to mention in hazardous weather conditions when they had this kind of protection available. Generally speaking, the basic form of an insurance policy has been pretty much the same since the Middle Ages. There are four points that were salient then and remain paramount in all policies today. These were outlined in chapter six and will serve as the basis for the rest of today's discussion. Can anyone tell me what one of those points mightbe?【生词摘录】1.insurance: n.［U］an arrangement with a company in which you pay themmoney each year and they pay the costs if anything bad happens to you, such as an illness or an accident 保险；the money that you pay regularly to an insurance company 保险费；the business of providing insurance 保险业2.bottomry: n.船舶抵押契约（如船舶损失，则债务取消），冒险借贷3.contract: n.［C］a formal written agreement between two or morepeople,which says what each person must do for the other 契约；合同4.loan: n.［C］an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc（银行等的）贷款5.understanding: n.［C usually singular］a private, unofficial agreement（私底下、非正式的）协议，协定6.interest: n.［U］a charge made for borrowing money（借贷的）利息［+on］7.piracy: n. the crime of attacking and stealing from ships at sea海上抢劫，海盗行为8.cautious: adj. careful to avoid danger or risks小心的，谨慎的，慎重的9.hazardous: adj.危险的10.s alient: adj.formal the salient points or features of something are themost important or most noticeable parts of it 【正式】显著的，突出的11. paramount: adj. more important than anything else 至高无上的，最重要的3Located at the NASA Research Center in Iowa is a 5,000-gallon vat of water, and inside the tank is an underwater treadmill designed by Dava Newman, an aerospace engineer. For four years Newman observed scuba divers as they simulated walking on the Moon and on Mars on her underwater moving belt. She wanted to discover how the gravity of the Moon and of Mars would affect human movement. To do this, Newman attached weights to the divers and then lowered them into the tank and onto the treadmill. These weights were carefully adjusted so that the divers could experience underwater the gravity of the Moon and of Mars as they walked on the treadmill. Newman concluded that walking on Mars will probably be easier than walking on the Moon. The Moon has less gravity than Mars does, so at lunar gravity, the divers struggled to keep their balance and walked awkwardly. But at Martian gravity, the divers had greater traction and stability and could easily adjust to a pace of 1.5 miles per hour. As Newman gradually increased the speed of the treadmill, the divers took longer, graceful strides until they comfortably settled into an even quicker pace. Newman also noted that at Martian gravity, the divers needed less oxygen. The data Newman collected will help in the future design of Martian space suits. Compared to lunar space suits, Martian space suits will require smaller air tanks; and, to allow for freer movement, the elbow and knee areas of the space suits will also be altered.【生词摘录】1.gallon: n.AmE a unit for measuring liquids, equal to 3.785 litres【美】加仑（等于3.785升）2.vat: n.［C］a very large container for storing liquids such as whisky ordye,when they are being made（酿酒、盛染料用的）大缸，大桶3.tank: n.［C］a large container for storing liquid or gas（盛放液体或气体的）大容器4.treadmill: n.［C］a mill worked in the past by prisoners treading onsteps fixed to a very large wheel（过去用以惩罚犯人的）踏车5.aerospace: adj. involving the designing and building of aircraft and spacevehicles 航空和航天（器制造）的n.［U］the industry that designs and builds aircraft and space vehicles 航空和航天工业，航天工业6.scuba diving: n.［U］the sport of swimming under water while breathingthrough a tube connected to a container of air on your back 斯库巴潜泳，水肺潜泳（戴自携式潜水呼吸器潜泳）7.simulate: v. to make or produce something that is not real but has theappearance of being real 模仿，模拟8.Martian: adj. of or relating to the planet Mars火星的Welcome to Everglades National Park. The Everglades is a watery plain covered with saw grass that's home to numerous species of plants and wildlife. At one and a half million acres, it's too big to see it all today, but this tour will offer you a goodsampling. Our tour bus will stop first at Taylor Slough. This is a good place to start because it's home to many of the plants and animals typically associated with the Everglades. You'll see many exotic birds and, of course, our world famous alligators. Don't worry, there's a boardwalk that goes across the marsh, so you can look down at the animals in the water from a safe distance. The boardwalk is high enough to give you a great view of the saw grass prairie. From there we'll head to some other marshy and even jungle like areas that feature wonderful tropical plant life. For those of you who'd like a closer view of the saw grass prairie, you might consider renting a canoe sometime during your visit here. However, don't do this unless you have a very good sense of direction and can negotiate your way through tall grass. We'd hate to have to come looking for you. You have the good fortune of being here in the winter—the best time of year to visit. During the spring and summer, the mosquitoes will just about eat you alive! Right now they're not so bothersome,but you'll still want to use an insect repellent.【生词摘录】1.Everglades National Park:大沼泽地国家公园2.saw grass:克拉莎草；加州砖子苗3.acre: n.［C］a unit for measuring area, equal to 4,047 square metres英亩4.sampling: n. items selected at random from a population and used totest hypotheses about the population 取样，抽样，采样5.exotic: adj.approving seeming unusual and exciting because of beingconnected with a foreign country 【褒义】异国风情的，外国情调的：exotic birds 外国的奇异鸟类6.alligator: n.［C］a large animal with a long mouth and sharp teeth thatlies in the hot wet parts of the US and China 短吻鳄7.boardwalk: n.［C］AmE a raised path made of wood, usually built nextto the sea【美】（常在海滨）用木板铺成的小道8.prairie: n.［C］a wide open area of land in North America which iscovered in grass or wheat（北美洲的）大草原9.canoe: n.［C］a long light boat that is pointed at both ends and whichyou move along using a paddle 独木舟，小划子10.n egotiate: v. <口>成功通过，顺利越过11.m osquito: n.［C］a small flying insect that sucks the blood of peopleand animals 蚊子Thank you. It's great to see so many of you interested in this series on "Survival in Outer Space." Please excuse the cameras; we're being videotaped for the local TV stations. Tonight I'm going to talk about the most basic aspect of survival—the space suit. When most of you imagine an astronaut, that's probably the first thing that comes to mind, right? Well, without space suits, it would not be possible for us to survive in space. For example, outer space is a vacuum—there's no gravity or air pressure; without protection, a body would explode. What's more, we'd cook in the sun or freeze in the shade with temperatures ranging from a toasty300 degrees above to a cool 300 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. The space suit that NASA has developed is truly a marvel. This photo enlargement here is a life-size image of anactual space suit worn by astronauts on the last space shuttle mission. This part is the torso. It’s made of seven extremely durable layers. This thick insulation protects against temperature extremes and radiation. Next is what they call a "bladder" of oxygen that's an inflatable sac, filled with oxygen, to simulate atmospheric pressure. This bladder presses against the body with the same force as the Earth's atmosphere at sea level. The innermost layers provide liquid cooling and ventilation. Despite all the layers, the suit is flexible, allowing free movement so we can work. Another really sophisticated part of the space suit is the helmet. I brought one along to show you. Can I have a volunteer come and demonstrate?【生词摘录】1.videotape: v. to record a television programme, film etc ona videotape把（电视节目、电影等）录在录像（磁）带上2.vacuum: n.［C］a space that is completely empty of all gas, especiallyone from which all the air has been taken away 真空3.shade: n.［U］slight darkness or shelter from the direct light of the sunmade by something blocking it 荫，背阴处4.toasty: adj.AmE informal warm and comfortable【美，非正式】暖烘烘的，温暖舒适的5.Fahrenheit: n.［U］a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 32°and boils at 212°华氏温度6.marvel: n.［C］something or someone surprisingly useful or skillful, thatyou like and admire very much 十分有用（灵巧）的物（人）7.enlargement: n.［C］a photograph that has been printed again in alarger size 放大的照片8.life-size:又作life-sized，adj. a picture or model of something or someonethat is life-size is the same size as they are in real life 与实物（真人）大小一样的9.shuttle: n.［C］a spacecraft that can fly into space and return to Earth,10.m ission: n.［C］an important job done by a member of the airforce,army etc, especially an attack on the enemy 任务，使命11.t orso: n.［C］your body, not including your head, arms, or legs（头和四肢除外的）人体躯干12.durable: adj. staying in good condition for a long time even if used a lot耐用的13.i nsulation: n.［U］material used to insulate something, especially abuilding（尤指建筑物的）绝缘材料；the act of insulating something or the state of being insulated 隔绝14.e xtreme: n.［C］something that goes beyond normal limits, so that itseems very unusual and unacceptable 极端15.b ladder: n.［C］a bag of skin, leather, or rubber, for example inside afootball, that can be filled with air or liquid （可充气或充水的）囊；袋16.i nflatable: adj. an inflatable object has to be filled with air before you canuse it 须充气方可使用的，（需）充气的17.s ac: n.technical a part inside a plant or animal that is shaped like a bagand contains liquid or air 【术语】（动物或植物的）囊；液囊18.i nnermost: adj.formal furthest inside【正式】最里面的19.v entilation: n.［U］通风（ventilate: v. to let fresh air intoa room,building etc 使通风）20.h elmet: n.［C］a strong hard hat worn for protection by soldiers,motorcycle riders, the police etc 头盔，钢盔，安全帽21.demonstrate: v. to show or prove something clearly证明，论证，证实；toshow or describe how something works or is done 示范，演示；to march through the streets with a large group of people in order to publicly protest about something （为公开抗议某事）游行，示威；to show that you have a particular skill, quality, or ability 展示，表露出（某种技能、品质或能力）6Good evening. My name is Pam Jones, and on behalf of the Modern Dance club, I'd like to welcome you to tonight's program. The club is pleased to present the TV version of The Catherine Wheel, Twyla Tharp's rock ballet. This video version of the ballet has been even more successful with audiences than the original theater production. It includes some animation, slow motion, and stop-action freezes that really help the audience understand the dance. The title of the piece refers to Saint Catherine, who died on a wheel in 307 A.D. Nowadays, a Catherine wheel is also a kindof firework. It looks something like a pinwheel. Anyway, the dance is certainly full of fireworks! You'll see how Twyla Tharp explores one family's attempt to confront the violence in modern life. The central symbol of the work is a pineapple, but exactly what it represents has always created a lot of controversy. As you watch, see if you can figure it out. The music for this piece is full of the rhythmic energy of rock music. It was composed by David Byrne. Of the rock band Talking Heads? And the lead dancer in this version was Sara Rudner, who is perfectly suited to Tharp's adventurous choreography. Following the video, dance teacher Mary Parker will lead a discussion about the symbolism Ms. Tharp used. We hope you can stay for that. So, enjoy tonight's video and thank you for your support.【生词摘录】1.present: v. to give a performance in a theatre, cinema, etc, or broadcast aprogramme on television or radio 上演；演出；表演；播出（电视或广播节目）2.ballet: n.［C］a performance in which a special style of dancing andmusic tell a story without any speaking 芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞曲3.animation: n.［U］the process of making animated films动物片的制作4.wheel: n.［C］one of the round things under a car, bus, bicycle etc thatturn when it moves （汽车、公共汽车、自行车等的）车轮5.firework: n.［C usually plural］a small container filled with powder thatburns or explodes to produce coloured lights, noise, and smoke 烟火，烟花，焰火6.pinwheel: n.［C］a toy consisting of a stick with curved pieces of plasticat the end that turn around when they are blown 玩具风车（windmill, BrE）7.pineapple: n.［C,U］a large yellow-brown tropical fruit or its sweet juicyyellow flesh 菠萝，凤梨8.controversy: n.［C,U］a serious argument or disagreement, especially aboutsomething such as a plan or decision, that continues for a long time 争论；辩论；争议9.rhythmic:又作rhythmical, adj. having rhythm有节奏的10.a dventurous: adj.又作adventuresome,AmE【美】eager to go to newplaces and do exciting or dangerous things 喜欢冒险的，有冒险精神的；not afraid of taking risks or trying new things 敢作敢为的，大胆创新的a performance 编舞（艺术）；舞蹈设计12.s ymbolism: n.［U］the use of symbols to represent something象征主义（手法）In our lab today, we'll be testing the hypothesis that babies can count as early as five months of age. The six babies here are all less than six months old. You'll be watching them on closed circuit TV and measuring their responses. The experiment is based on the well-established observation that babies stare longer if they don't see what they expect to see. First, we're going to let two dolls move slowly in front of the babies. The babies will see the two dolls disappear behind a screen. Your job is to record, in seconds, how long the babies stare at the dolls when thescreen is removed. In the next stage, two dolls will again move in front of the babies and disappear. But then a third doll will follow. When the screen is removed, the babies will only see two dolls. If we're right, the babies will now stare longer because they expect three dolls but only see two. It seems remarkable to think that such young children can count. My own research has convinced me that they have this ability from birth. But whether they do or not, perhaps we should raise another question. Should we take advantage of this ability by teaching children mathematics at such a young age? They have great untapped potential, but is it good for parents to pressure young children?【生词摘录】1.hypothesis: n.plural hypotheses,［C］an idea that is suggested as apossible way of explaining a situation, proving an idea etc, which has not yet been shown to be true 假设，假说2.closed circuit television (TV): a system in which cameras send picturesto television sets that is used in many public buildings to protect them from crime 闭路电视3.well-established: adj. established for a long time and respected历史悠久且享有盛誉的4.untapped: adj. an untapped resource, market etc has not yet been used（资源、市场等）未开发的；未利用的Before starting our tour of Monticello, I'd like to give you some historical facts that might help you appreciate what you see today even more. Monticello was the very much loved home of Thomas Jefferson for over fifty years. Jefferson, who was, ofcourse, President, was also a great reader and language enthusiast. He read widely on different subjects, including architecture. He wasn't formally trained in architecture, but as a result of his study and observation of other buildings, he was able to help design and build the house. He chose the site himself, naming the estate "Monticello," which means "little mountain" in Italian. In fact, many of the ideas behind the design also came from the Italian architect Andrea Palladio, who lived in the sixteenth century and who had a great influence on the architecture of England. Jefferson, however, ignored one of Palladio's principles, that is, not to build in a high place. Monticello's elevation made the transportation of what was needed at the house—for example, food—especially difficult. But the view from the estate would not be as spectacular if Jefferson had followed Palladio's advice; there really is no boundary between the house and the nature around it, and so Jefferson was able to look out on his beloved state of Virginia from his wonderful vantage point. Now we'll go on to Jefferson's library.【生词摘录】1.Monticello:蒙提切娄2.appreciate: v. to understand how good or useful someone or something is欣赏，赏识，鉴赏3.enthusiast: n.［C］someone who is very interested in a particularactivity or subject 热衷于…的人4.estate: n.［C］a large area of land in the country, usually with one largehouse on it and one owner （在乡村附有宅地的）一大片私有土地，庄园5.elevation: n.［singular］a height above the level of the sea 海拔6.spectacular: adj. very impressive and exciting壮观的，精彩的，引人注目的7.vantage point: a good position from which you can see something（能观察某物的）有利位置Now that we've all introduced ourselves to the new members, let's get down to work. As the committee in charge of this year's tree-planting project, we have several items on our agenda. First, we have to review the budget. The president has informed me that the trustees have set aside $3,000 for the purchase of trees and our environmental T-shirt sale netted a profit of $1,500. Second, we have to finalize the choice of trees. As you know, we're working with Richardson's Nursery again this year since everyone seemed pleased with the work he did for us last year. Mr. Richardson has presented us with several choices within our price range that he thinks would meet our needs. He's sent us pictures of the trees for us to look at, but he wanted me to tell you that we're welcome to visit the nursery if we want to see the trees themselves. Lastly, we need to plan some kind of ceremony to commemorate the planting. Several ideas, including a garden party of some sort, have been suggested. So let's get on with it and turn to the first order of business.【生词摘录】1.item: n.［C］a single thing, especially part of a list, group, or set（尤指清单上、一群或一组事物中的）一项；一件；一条2.trustee: n.［C］a member of a group that controls the money of acompany,college, or other organization（公司、学院等的）理事，董事会成员/doc/0b6916605.html,: v.especially AmE to earn a particular amount of money as a profit after tax has been paid 【尤美】获得净收入，净赚4.finalize: v. to finish the last part of a plan, business deal etc 使（计划、交易等）确定，最后定下5.nursery: n.［C］a place where plants and trees are grown and sold苗圃（garden center,BrE）Welcome to the Four Winds Historical Farm, where traditions of the past are preserved for visitors like you. Today, our master thatchers will begin giving this barn behind me a sturdy thatched roof, able to withstand heavy winds and last up to a hundred years. How do they do it? Well, in a nutshell, thatching involves covering the beams or rafters, the wooden skeleton of a roof with reeds or straw. Our thatchers here have harvested their own natural materials for the job, the bundles of water reeds you see lying over there beside the barn. Thatching is certainly uncommon in the Untied States today. I guess that's why so many of you have come to see this demonstration. But it wasn't always that way. In the seventeenth century, the colonists here thatched their roofs with reeds and straw, just as they had done in England. After a while, though, they began to replace the thatch with wooden shingles because wood was so plentiful. And eventually, other roofing materials like stone, slate, and clay tiles came into use. It's a real shame that most people today don't realize how strong and long lasting a thatched roof is. In Ireland, where thatching is still practiced, the roofs can survive winds of up to one hundred ten miles per hour. That's because straw and reedsare so flexible. They bend but don't break in the wind like other materials can. Another advantage is that the roofs keep the house cool in the summer and warm in the winter. And then, of course, there's the roofs' longevity—the average is sixty years, but they can last up to a hundred. With all these reasons to start thatching roofs again, wouldn't it be wonderful to see this disappearing craft return to popularity?【生词摘录】1.thatcher: n.［C］someone skilled in making a roof from plant stalks orfoliage 盖屋顶者2.barn: n.［C］a large farm building for storing crops, or for keepinganimals in 谷仓，粮秣房，仓库，牲口棚；informal a large, plain building 【非正式】空荡荡的大房子3.withstand: v. to be strong enough to remain unharmed by something such asgreat heat or cold, great pressure etc 耐得住，承受住（酷热、严寒、高压等）4.in a nutshell:spoken used when you are stating the main facts aboutsomething in a short, clear way 【口】一言以蔽之，简括地说，用一句话概括5.beam: n.［C］a long heavy piece of wood or metal used in buildinghouses,bridges etc 梁，横梁6.rafter: n.［C usually plural］one of the large sloping pieces of wood thatform the structure of a roof 椽7.skeleton: n.［C］the most important parts of something, towhich moredetail can be added later 骨架，框架；梗概，纲要8.reed: n.［C］a type of tall plant like grass that grows in wet places芦苇9.straw: n.［U］the dried stems of wheat or similar plants that are used for（如麦秆等）10.c olonist: n.［C］someone who settles in a new colony开拓殖民地的居民，拓殖者11.s hingle: n.［C］one of many small thin pieces of building materials,especially wood, used to cover a roof or wall（覆盖屋顶或墙用的）木瓦；屋面板；墙面板12.slate: n.［U］a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces板岩，板石13.clay: n.［U］heavy sticky soil that can be used for making pots, bricks etc黏土14.t ile: n.［C］a flat square piece of baked clay or other material, used forcovering roofs, floors etc（屋顶、地板等上用的）瓷砖，地砖15.l ongevity: n.［U］formal long life【正式】长寿；technical the length of aperson or anima l’s life【术语】（人或动物的）寿命A lot of people in the United States are coffee drinkers. Over the last few years, a trend has been developing to introduce premium, specially blended coffees, known as "gourmet coffees" into the American market. Boston seems to have been thebirthplace of this trend. In fact, major gourmet coffee merchants from other cities like Seattle and San Francisco came to Boston, where today they're engaged in a kind of "coffee war" with Boston's merchants. They are all competing for a significant share of the gourmet coffee market. Surprisingly, the competition among these leading gourmet coffee businesses will not hurt any of them. Experts predict that the gourmet coffee market in the United States is growing and will continue to grow, to the point that gourmet coffee will soon capture half of what is now a 1.5-million-dollar market and will be an 8-million-dollar market by 1999. Studies have shown that coffee drinkers who convert to gourmet coffee seldom go back to the regular brands found in supermarkets. As a result, these brands will be the real losers in the gourmet coffee competition.【生词摘录】1.premium: adj. of high quality高级的，优质的2.blended: adj. combined or mixed together so that the constituent partsare indistinguishable 混合的3.gourmet: n.［C］someone who knows a lot about food and wine andwho enjoys good food and wine 美食家4.birthplace: n.［C usually singular］the place where someone was born,especially someone famous （尤指名人的）出生地；the place where something first started to happen or exist 发源地，发祥地You may remember that a few weeks ago we discussed the question of what photography is. Is it art, or is it a method of reproducing images? Do photographs belong in museums or just in our homes? Today I want to talk about a person who tried tomake his professional life an answer to such questions. Alfred Stieglitz went from the United States to Germany to study engineering. While he was there, he became interested in photography and began to experiment with his camera. He took pictures under conditions that most photographers considered too difficult. He took them at night, in the rain, and of people and objects reflected in windows. When he returned to the United States he continued these revolutionary efforts. Stieglitz was the first person to photograph skyscrapers, clouds, and views from an airplane. What Stieglitz was trying to do in these photographs was what he tried to do throughout his life: make photography an art. He felt that photography could be just as good a form of self-expression as painting or drawing. For Stieglitz, his camera was his brush. While many photographers of the late 1800's and early 1900's thought of their work as a reproduction of identical images, Stieglitz saw his as a creative art form. He understood the power of the camera to capture the moment. In fact, he never retouched his prints or made copies of them. If he were in this classroom today, I'm sure he'd say, "Well, painters don't normally make extra copies of their paintings, do they?" 【生词摘录】1.experiment: v. to try various ideas, methods etc to see whether they willwork or what effect they will have 试验；试用2.skyscraper: n.［C］a very tall modern city building摩天大楼3.identical: adj. exactly the same完全相同的［+to］4.capture: v. to succeed in showing or describing a situation or feelingusing words or pictures（用语言或图片）记录下5.retouch: v. to improve a picture or photograph by painting。

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