英国文学8.2 讲解Sonnet 18

Sonnet 18By William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimed;And every fair form fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade. When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.十四行诗（其十八）威廉·莎士比亚我能把你比作夏日吗？尽管你更可爱、更温和；夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿，季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光；天空的巨眼有时过于灼热，常使自身的辉煌无故湮没；每一种美都会消逝，不管愿意或是无奈；然而你这盛夏将永存不朽，连你所有的美都不会褪去；死神不忍逼近，生命只会长存；只要人类能呼吸，能看见；我的诗就会存在，而你的生命也会延续。

赏析：莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。

莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。

他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫柔造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。

据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前126首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。

这首诗是十四行诗集中的第18首，属前者。

也有人说，他的十四行诗是专业的文学创作。

当然，这些无关宏旨，诗歌本身是伟大的。

莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。

他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。

诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。

诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。

自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。

那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。

但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。

五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。

这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。

而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。

“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。

“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。

“你”是什么“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。

那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。

诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。

全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。

诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。

Shakespeare - Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book. Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read. There is great use of imagery within the sonnet. This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them. It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem抯praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers are blooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty ofthe beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer抯lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare抯sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-contained clause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.。

赏析：莎士比亚所处的英国伊莉莎白时代是爱情诗的盛世，写十四行诗更是一种时髦。

莎士比亚的十四行诗无疑是那个时代的佼佼者，其十四行诗集更是流传至今，魅力不减。

他的十四行诗一扫当时诗坛的矫柔造作、绮艳轻糜、空虚无力的风气。

据说，莎士比亚的十四行诗是献给两个人的：前126首献给一个贵族青年，后面的献给一个黑肤女郎。

这首诗是十四行诗集中的第18首，属前者。

也有人说，他的十四行诗是专业的文学创作。

当然，这些无关宏旨，诗歌本身是伟大的。

莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。

他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。

诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。

诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。

自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。

那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。

但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。

五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。

这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。

而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。

“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。

“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。

“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。

那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。

诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。

全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。

诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。

Shakespeare - Sonnet 18 This sonnet is by far one of the most interesting poems in the book. Of Shakespeare's sonnets in the text, this is one of the most moving lyric poems that I have ever read. There is great use of imagery within the sonnet. This is not to say that the rest of the poems in the book were not good, but this to me was the best, most interesting, and most beautiful of them. It is mainly due to the simplicity and loveliness of the poem抯praise of the beloved woman that it has guaranteed its place in my mind, and heart.The speaker of the poem opens with a question that is addressed to the beloved, "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?" This question is comparing her to the summer time of the year. It is during this time when the flowers areblooming, trees are full of leaves, the weather is warm, and it is generally thought of as an enjoyable time during the year. The following eleven lines in the poem are also dedicated to similar comparisons between the beloved and summer days. In lines 2 and 3, the speaker explains what mainly separates the young woman from the summer's day: she is "more lovely and more temperate." (Line 2) Summer's days tend toward extremes: they are sometimes shaken by "rough winds" (line3) which happens and is not always as welcoming as the woman. However in line 4, the speaker gives the feeling again that the summer months are often to short by saying, "And summer抯lease hath too short a date." In the summer days, the sun, "the eye of heaven" (line 5), often shines "too hot," or too dim, "his gold complexion dimmed" (line 6), that is there are many hot days during the summer but soon the sun begins to set earlier at night because autumn is approaching. Summer is moving along too quickly for the speaker, its time here needs to be longer, and it also means that the chilling of autumn is coming upon us because the flowers will soon be withering, as "every fair from fair sometime declines." (Line 7) The final portion of the sonnet tells how the beloved differs from the summer in various respects. Her beauty will be one that lasts forever, "Thy eternal summer shall not fade." (Line 9), and never end or die. In the couplet at the bottom, the speaker explains how that the beloved's beauty will accomplish this everlasting life unlike a summer. And it is because her beauty is kept alive in this poem, which will last forever. It will live "as long as men can breathe or eyes can see." (Line 13)On the surface, the poem is on the surface simply a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman and perhaps summer to the speaker is sometimes too unpleasant with the extremes of windiness and heat that go along with it. However, the beloved in the poem is always mild and temperate by her nature and nothing at all like the summer. It is incidentally brought to life as being described as the "eye of heaven" with its "gold complexion". The imagery throughout the sonnet is simple and attainable to the reader, which is a key factor in understanding the poem. Then the speaker begins to describe the summer again with the "darling buds of May" giving way to the " summer抯lease", springtime moving into the warmth of the summer. The speaker then starts to promise to talk about this beloved, that is so great and awing that she is to live forever in this sonnet. The beloved is so great that the speaker will even go as far as to say that, "So long as men breathe, or eyes can see," the woman will live. The language is almost too simple when comparing it to the rest of Shakespeare抯sonnets; it is not heavy with alliteration or verse, and nearly every line is its own self-containedclause, almost every line ends with some punctuation that effects a pause. But it is this that makes Sonnet18 stand out for the rest in the book. It is much more attainable to understand and it allows for the reader to fully understand how great this beloved truly is because she may live forever in it. An important theme of the sonnet, as it is an important theme throughout much of the poetry in general, is the power of the speaker's poem to defy time and last forever. And so by doing this it is then carrying the beauty of the beloved down to future generations and eventually for al of eternity. The beloved's "eternal summer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet: "So long as men can breathe or eyes can see," (line 13) the speaker writes in the couplet, "So long lives this, and this gives life to thee."(Line 14) With this the speaker is able to accomplish what many have done in poetry and that is to give the gift of an eternal life to someone that they believe is special and outshines everyone else around them. Perhaps it is because of a physical beauty that the speaker see, but I believe that it is more because of the internal beauty as seen in line 2, "Thou art more lovely and more temperate", that the beloved is deserving to live on forever.。

Sonnet 18By William ShakespeareShall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimed;And every fair form fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed; But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade. When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe,or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.十四行诗（其十八）威廉·莎士比亚我能把你比作夏日吗？尽管你更可爱、更温和；夏日的狂风可能会摧残五月的花儿，季节的限制又减少了可拥有的日光；天空的巨眼有时过于灼热，常使自身的辉煌无故湮没；每一种美都会消逝，不管愿意或是无奈；然而你这盛夏将永存不朽，连你所有的美都不会褪去；死神不忍逼近，生命只会长存；只要人类能呼吸，能看见；我的诗就会存在，而你的生命也会延续。

sonnet18诗歌解析莎士比亚的Sonnet 18是他最著名的十四行诗之一，也被称为“夏天之歌”。

这首诗是一首十四行抒情诗，采用了典型的莎士比亚十四行诗的结构，包括三个四行的四行诗和一个以两行组成的结尾的双行诗。

诗歌的主题是赞美诗人所爱的对象，并通过比喻夸赞她的美丽和永恒。

在这首诗中，诗人将他所爱的人比作夏天，但也指出夏天的美丽是短暂的，而她的美丽将永远存在下去。

首先，诗歌的开头两行“Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? / Thou art more lovely and more temperate:”表明了诗人要将他所爱的人与夏天进行对比，但随后他又指出她比夏天更可爱更温和。

这种对比突出了她的美丽和永恒。

其次，诗中提到“Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,”这句话描绘了夏天的风暴和动荡，与此形成对比的是“Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines”，表达了夏天的酷热。

这些描述强调了夏天的不稳定和短暂，与诗人所爱的人的美丽形成了对比。

此外，诗中还提到“But thy eternal summer shall notfade”，这句话表达了诗人对所爱人美丽永恒的信念，即使时间流逝，她的美丽也不会凋谢。

最后，诗歌的结尾两行“So long as men can breathe oreyes can see, / So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”表达了诗人的信念，即只要人类存在，这首诗也将永存下去，而她的美丽也将因此而得以永生。

总的来说，Sonnet 18是一首赞美之歌，通过对比夏天的短暂和变化与所爱人的永恒美丽，表达了诗人对所爱人的赞美和珍视之情。

这首诗以其优美的语言和深刻的意境，成为了莎士比亚诗歌中的经典之作。

莎士比亚sonnet18赏析解析莎士比亚十四行诗的主题莎士比亚毕生创作了大量杰出的文学作品。

他的喜剧和悲剧被认为是世界文学宝库中不可多得的瑰宝,但从本质上来说,莎士比亚首先是一个诗人,他的剧本,很大部分是用诗体――主要是无韵诗体写成的。

莎士比亚的诗歌成就最高的是十四行诗,总共154首。

莎士比亚热情讴歌了友谊和爱,青春和美;他们所包含的不仅是感情,还有诗人深邃的思想。

莎士比亚的十四行诗主要涉及三个人物:诗人、“年轻朋友”和“黑肤女郎”,大体分为三部分。

第一部分1―126首是诗人献给一位“年轻朋友”,他称之为“爱友”的人。

在这126首诗中,诗人热情讴歌了“年轻朋友”的美貌、聪慧、高贵和真挚(1―99),指责了他的多疑和反复无常(100―125)。

第二部分从第127首至第152首,是献给“黑肤女郎”的。

在这一部分中,诗人表达了自己对她真挚的爱情,同时也责备了她的轻浮和放荡。

最后两首诗,诗人引用希腊神话赞美爱情,可以看作是127―152首诗的终曲。

十四行诗丰富的内容交织着深刻的内心体验、精妙的意象、以及色彩斑斓的社会生活和社会风俗,充分反映了莎士比亚的人文思想。

文艺复兴时期的人文主义者反对中世纪的禁欲主义、等级制度和神权制度,赞美人的价值、尊重人的个性。

在十四行诗中,诗人热情地赞颂人的美,在他眼中,“年轻朋友”就是所有美的化身,夏日、太阳、花朵、春天、收获都用来描述“朋友”的美。

在诗人眼中,“爱友”被赋予了自然中所有的美:“一切天生的俊秀都蕴含着你”(第53首)。

然而,美并不是孤立存在的。

莎士比亚认为要区分“内心的美”和“外貌的姣好”(第16首),真正的美在于二者的结合。

他谴责那些外表美丽却心灵肮脏的人,认为他们是“烂百合花”,“最贱的野草也比它高贵得多”(第94首)。

诗人不但赞颂人的美,还赞颂人的永恒。

在十四行诗中,莎士比亚经常提到时间,认为它是青春和美丽不共戴天的敌人。

因为时间“要把你青春的白昼化作黑夜”(第15首),所以美会变丑、生命会终结。

Sonnet 18原文1: Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?释义1: Can I compare you to a summer’s day? In England, summer is the best season of a year, because summer brings warmer and sunnier weather compared to the other seasons. This change in climate allows people to spend more time outdoors, enjoy outdoor activities, and experience longer daylight hours.原文2: Thou art more lovely and more temperate.释义2: “More lovely” means that “you” are more beautiful or attractive. “More temperate” suggests that “you” possesses a more moderate and balanced temperament or nature.原文3: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May.释义3:⚫“Rough winds” refers to strong or harsh winds, highlighting the forceful nature of the weather. ⚫“Do shake” indicates that the rough winds are causing a shaking or disturbance.⚫“The darling buds of May” refers to the delicate and beloved flower buds that bloom in the month of May.It symbolizes the beauty and potential of nature. this line portrays the vulnerability and fragility of nature. It suggests that even the most cherished and delicate aspects of life, represented by the tender flower buds of May, are not immune to the turbulent forces of the world, here represented by the rough winds.原文4: And Summer’s lease hath all too short a date释义4:⚫“And Summer’s lease” refers to the limited time or duration of summer.⚫“Lease” here can be understood as a leasehold or a period of time.⚫“Hath all too short a date” means that the time allocated to summer is considered too brief or insufficient. this line expresses the speaker’s sadness about the fleeting nature of summer.It reflects the common experience of longing for the summer season to last longer, as the warmth, beauty, and enjoyment associated with summer are cherished but inherently temporary.原文5: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,释义5: the eye of heaven here refers to the sun, and Shakespeare suggests that sometimes the sun shines too intensely or with excessive heat. In Shakespearean sonnets, the “eye of heaven” is often associated with beauty, light, and divine power. By suggesting that the eye of heaven shines too hot, the speaker could be expressing the idea that even the most beautiful and powerful things can sometimes be overwhelming or excessive.原文6: And often is his gold complexion dimm’d:释义6: In this line, Shakespeare continues to describe the sun and its changing appearance, the phrase “his gold complexion” refers to the sun’s radiant and golden appearance. The word “dimm’d” suggests that the sun’s brightness or brilliance is frequently diminished because of the clouds. Connected with the previous line, Shakespeare tries to point out that the sun is sometimes too hot,too shiny, sometimes be covered by clouds or diminished in time.原文7: And every fair from fair sometime declines释义7: The word “fair” here refers to anything that is beautiful or lovely. This line suggest that everything beautiful eventually loses its beauty or fades away, all the beautiful things will eventually decline or deteriorate over time.原文8: By chance, or nature’s changing course untrimm’d;释义8: The phrase “by chance” refers to the possibility that beauty may fade away unexpectedly, without any specific reason or cause. The expression “nature’s changing course untrimm’d” indicates that the fading of beauty is a natural and inevitable process. It emphasizes the idea that even nature itself, with its constant cycles and changes, does not intervene or alter this course. The word “untrimm’d” suggests that beauty is not preserved or maintained, but is subject to the natural order of things.原文9: But thy eternal summer shall not fade,释义9: Your beauty will not fade away or lose brightness, your beauty will always be remembered no mater how the nature’s course changed.原文10: Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st,释义10: You will never lose your inherent beauty or the qualities that make you attractive. It suggests that your beauty is a part of who you are and will always belong to you.原文11: Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,释义11: Even death will not be able to claim or overshadow the person’s beauty原文12: When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st;释义12: “eternal lines” here refers to this sonnet, you will grow in these lines, this sonnet, I will immortalize your beauty.原文13: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,原文14: So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.释义: As long as men are alive and able to see, this poem will continue to exist and will give life to you, in this sonnet, Shakespeare is expressing the timeless nature of his poetry. He claims that as long as humanity exists and can appreciate beauty, his words will endure, immortalizing the subject of the poem and preserving their memory。

Sonnet 18是莎士比亚的十四行诗之一，也被称为“Shall Ipare thee to a summer’s day”。

这首诗在莎士比亚的诸多作品中，被认为是最优美的一首。

以下将从形式、结构、主题和意象等方面，对Sonnet 18进行深入分析。

一、形式Sonnet 18是一首典型的英国十四行诗。

该诗由三个四行抒情段和一个两行结论段组成。

在形式上，Sonnet 18采用了典型的押韵和节奏模式，每行诗的节奏为抑扬格。

而该诗一共使用了10个音节的押韵模式。

Sonnet 18还使用了一些修辞手法，如比喻和对偶等。

二、结构Sonnet 18的结构紧凑而有力。

前三个四行的抒情部分分别描述了夏日和比较的对象的对比，而最后的两行结论则是作者对比较对象的赞美。

整首诗的结构严谨，情感逐渐升华，通过变换句式和形式，将读者引向诗人对“永恒美丽”的赞美之情。

三、主题Sonnet 18的主题是时间和美丽。

诗中通过作者对夏日和比较的对象进行描述和对比，表达了美丽将永存的意境。

而在结尾处，诗人对比较对象的赞美更是加深了诗歌主题。

诗中还包含了对生命和记忆的思考，以及对爱情和美的追求等深刻内涵。

四、意象Sonnet 18使用了丰富的意象，如夏日、阳光、金色、气候、自然等。

这些意象不仅仅是诗中的描写，更是诗人对美好事物的赞美。

通过对自然界的描绘，诗人塑造出了诗中比较对象的完美形象，表达了作者内心深处对美好事物的向往和追求。

Sonnet 18无论从形式、结构、主题还是意象等方面都展现了莎士比亚在诗歌创作上的卓越才华和深厚功底。

它以清晰的逻辑和深刻的内涵，表达了诗人对美的赞美和对永恒美好的追求。

这使得Sonnet 18成为了莎士比亚诗歌创作的代表作之一，同时也成为了世界文学史上不朽的经典之作。

Sonnet 18是英国文学史上不朽的经典之作，其中蕴含了深刻的人文情感和对美好事物的赞美。

从古至今，它一直是文学爱好者和学者们津津乐道的对象。

莎士比亚sonnet18赏析解析莎士比亚十四行诗的主题莎士比亚毕生创作了大量杰出的文学作品。

他的喜剧和悲剧被认为是世界文学宝库中不可多得的瑰宝,但从本质上来说,莎士比亚首先是一个诗人,他的剧本,很大部分是用诗体――主要是无韵诗体写成的。

莎士比亚的诗歌成就最高的是十四行诗,总共154首。

莎士比亚热情讴歌了友谊和爱,青春和美;他们所包含的不仅是感情,还有诗人深邃的思想。

莎士比亚的十四行诗主要涉及三个人物:诗人、“年轻朋友”和“黑肤女郎”,大体分为三部分。

第一部分1―126首是诗人献给一位“年轻朋友”,他称之为“爱友”的人。

在这126首诗中,诗人热情讴歌了“年轻朋友”的美貌、聪慧、高贵和真挚(1―99),指责了他的多疑和反复无常(100―125)。

第二部分从第127首至第152首,是献给“黑肤女郎”的。

在这一部分中,诗人表达了自己对她真挚的爱情,同时也责备了她的轻浮和放荡。

最后两首诗,诗人引用希腊神话赞美爱情,可以看作是127―152首诗的终曲。

十四行诗丰富的内容交织着深刻的内心体验、精妙的意象、以及色彩斑斓的社会生活和社会风俗,充分反映了莎士比亚的人文思想。

文艺复兴时期的人文主义者反对中世纪的禁欲主义、等级制度和神权制度,赞美人的价值、尊重人的个性。

在十四行诗中,诗人热情地赞颂人的美,在他眼中,“年轻朋友”就是所有美的化身,夏日、太阳、花朵、春天、收获都用来描述“朋友”的美。

在诗人眼中,“爱友”被赋予了自然中所有的美:“一切天生的俊秀都蕴含着你”(第53首)。

然而,美并不是孤立存在的。

莎士比亚认为要区分“内心的美”和“外貌的姣好”(第16首),真正的美在于二者的结合。

他谴责那些外表美丽却心灵肮脏的人,认为他们是“烂百合花”,“最贱的野草也比它高贵得多”(第94首)。

诗人不但赞颂人的美,还赞颂人的永恒。

在十四行诗中,莎士比亚经常提到时间,认为它是青春和美丽不共戴天的敌人。

因为时间“要把你青春的白昼化作黑夜”(第15首),所以美会变丑、生命会终结。