2018年6月英语六级考试真题及答案解析和听力原文 (第2套)

2017年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）Part I Writing (30 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in science or humanities at college，write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) Doing enjoyable work.B) Earning a competitive salary. C) Having friendly colleagues.D) Working for supportive bosses.2.A) 20%.B) 25%. C)31%.D) 73%.3.A) Those full of skilled workers.B) Those that are well managed.C) Those run by women.D) Those of a small size.4.A) They can win recognition of their work.B) They can better balance work and life.C) They can hop from job to job easily.D) They can take on more than one job.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) It is a collection of photos. B) It is an introduction to music.C) It is about the city of Bruges. D) It is a book of European history.6.A) When writing about Belgium’s coastal regions.B) When taking pictures for a concert catalogue.C) When vacationing in an Italian coastal city.D) When painting the concert hall of Bruges.7.A) The rich heritage of Europe will be lost completely.B)The seawater of Europe will be seriously polluted.C) The entire European coastline will be submerged.D)The major European scenic spots will disappear.8.A) Tourists use wooden paths to reach their hotels in the morning.B)It attracts large numbers of tourists from home and abroad.C) People cannot get around without using boats.D)Its waterways are being increasingly polluted.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) They try hard to avoid getting off on the wrong foot.B)They spend too much time anticipating their defeat.C) They take too many irrelevant factors into account.D) They make careful preparations beforehand.10.A) Mental images often interfere with athletes’performance.B)Golfers usually have positive mental images of themselves.C) Thinking has the same effect on the nervous system as doing.D) A person’s nervous system is more complicated than imagined.11.A) Anticipate possible problems.B) Make a list of do’s and don’ts.C) Try to appear more professional.D) Picture themselves succeeding.12.A) She won her first jury trial. B) She wore a designer dress.C) She presented moving pictures. D) She did not speak loud enough.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A) It enables patients with diabetes to recover sooner.B)Its health benefits have been overestimated.C) Its long-term effects are yet to be proved.D) It helps people to avoid developing breast cancer.14.A) It tracked their eating habits since their adolescence.B)It focused on their difference from men in fiber intake.C) It tracked their change in food preferences for 20 years.D) It focused on their ways of life during young adulthood.15.A) Fiber may bring more benefits to women than men.B)Fiber may improve the function of heart muscles.C) Fiber may make blood circulation more smooth.D) Fiber may help to reduce hormones in the body.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) Investigating the impact of media on government.B)Studying the hazards of young people drinking.C) Conducting research on consumer behaviour.D) Observing the changes in marketing.17.A) It is a chief concern of parents. B) It is an act of socialising.C) It is the cause of many street riots. D) It is getting worse year byyear.18.A) They researched the impact of mobile phones on young people.B)They spent a week studying their own purchasing behaviour.C) They conducted a thorough research on advertising.D) They analysed their family budgets over the years.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) It is likely to give up paper money in the near future.B) It is the first country to use credit cards in the world.C) It is trying hard to do away with dirty money.D) It is helping its banks to improve efficiency.20. A) Whether it is possible to travel without carrying any physical currency.B)Whether it is possible to predict how much money one is going to spend.C) Whether the absence of physical currency is going to affect everyday life.D) Whether the absence of physical currency causes a person to spend more.21.A) The cash in her handbag was missing. B) The service on the train was not good.C) The restaurant car accepted cash only. D) There was no food service on the train.22.A) By drawing money week by week. B) By putting money into envelopes.C) By limiting their day-to-day spending. D) By refusing to buy anything on credit.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recordingyou have just heard.23. A) Population explosion. B) Extinction of rare species.C) Chronic hunger. D) Environmental deterioration.24. A) About half of them are unintended. B) They contribute to overpopulation.C) They have been brought under control. D) The majority of them tend to end halfway.25. A) It is beginning to attract postgraduates’attention.B) It is neglected in many of the developing countries.C) It is becoming a subject of interdisciplinary research.D) It is essential to the wellbeing of all species on earth.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you mil hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Doing enjoyable work. B) Having friendly colleagues.C)Earning a competitive salary. D) Working for supportive bosses.【答案】B【解析】对话中关于第一个调查，男士说有十大因素影响着人们在工作中的幸福感。

2018年6月英语四级真题及答案解析和听力原文（卷二）2018年6月英语四级真题（卷二）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance of writing ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Annoyed. B) Scared. C) Confused. D) Offended.2. A) It crawled over the woman's hands.B) It wound up on the steering wheel. C) It was killed by the police on the spot.D) It was covered with large scales.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) A study of the fast-food service.B) Fast food customer satisfaction. C) McDonald's new business strategies.D) Competition in the fast-food industry.4. A) Customers' higher demands.B) The inefficiency of employees. C) Increased variety of products.D) The rising number of customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) International treaties regarding space travel programs.B) Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration.C) U.S. government's approval of private space missions.D) Competition among public and private space companies.6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon.B) Approve a new mission to travel into outer space.C) Work with federal agencies on space programs.D) Launch a manned spacecraft to Mars.7. A) It is significant. B) It is promising. C) It is unpredictable. D) It is unprofitable. Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Visiting her family in Thailand.B) Showing friends around Phuket. C) Swimming around a Thai island.D) Lying in the sun on a Thai beach.9. A) She visited a Thai orphanage.B) She met a Thai girl's parents. C) She learned some Thai words.D) She sunbathed on a Thai beach.10. A) His class will start in a minute.B) He has got an incoming phone call. C) Someone is knocking at his door.D) His phone is running out of power.11. A) He is interested in Thai artworks.B) He is going to open a souvenir shop. C) He collects things from different countries.D) He wants to know more about Thai culture.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Buying some fitness equipment for the new gym.B) Opening a gym and becoming personal trainers.C) Signing up for a weight-loss course.D) Trying out a new gym in town.13. A) Professional personal training.B) Free exercise for the first week. C) A discount for a half-year membership.D) Additional benefits for young couples.14. A) The safety of weight-lifting.B) The high membership fee. C) The renewal of his membership.D) The operation of fitness equipment.15. A) She wants her invitation renewed.B) She used to do 200 sit-ups every day. C) She knows the basics of weight-lifting.D) She used to be the gym's personal trainer.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They tend to be nervous during interviews.B) They often apply for a number of positions.C) They worry about the results of their applications.D) They search extensively for employers' information.17. A) Get better organized.B) Edit their references. C) Find better-paid jobs.D) Analyze the searching process.18. A) Provide their data in detail.B) Personalize each application. C) Make use of better search engines.D) Apply for more promising positions.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) If kids did not like school, real learning would not take place.B) If not forced to go to school, kids would be out in the streets.C) If schools stayed the way they are, parents were sure to protest.D) If teaching failed to improve, kids would stay away from school.20. A) Allow them to play interesting games in class.B) Try to stir up their interest in lab experiments.C) Let them stay home and learn from their parents.D) Design activities they now enjoy doing on holidays.21. A) Allow kids to learn at their own pace.B) Encourage kids to learn from each other. C) Organize kids into various interest groups.D) Take kids out of school to learn at first hand.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It is especially popular in Florida and Alaska.B) It is a major social activity among the young.C) It is seen almost anywhere and on any occasion.D) It is even more expressive than the written word.23. A) It is located in a big city in Iowa. B) It is really marvelous to look at.C) It offers free dance classes to seniors. D) It offers people a chance to socialize.24. A) Their state of mind improved.B) They became better dancers. C) They enjoyed better health.D) Their relationship strengthened.25. A) It is fun. B) It is life. C) It is exhausting. D) It is rhythmical.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They are used to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower was first 26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones became a problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovation was 27 . During this renovation the building's owners, CIS, 28 the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIS tower became Europe's largest 29 of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such a large 30 has never been repeated since.Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before, and the CIS tower was chosen as one of the "10 best green energy projects". For a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was 31 overtaken by the Millbank Tower.Green buildings like this aren't 32 cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce much less pollution than that caused by energy 33 through fossil fuels. As solar panels get 34 , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much like trees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a race of 35 , but rather one to collect the most solar energy.A. cheaperB. cleanerC. collectionD. competedE. constructedF. consultedG. dimensionH. discoveredI. eventuallyJ. heightK. necessarily L. production M. range N. scale O. undertaken Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.As Tourists Crowd Out Locals, Venice Faces 'Endangered' List[A] On a recent fall morning, a large crowd blocked the steps at one of Venice's main tourist sites, the Rialto Bridge. The Rialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal. It is the oldest bridge across the canal, and was the dividing line between the districts of San Marco and San Polo. But on this day, there was a twist: it was filled with Venetians, not tourists.[B] "People are cheering and holding their carts in the air," says Giovanni Giorgio, who helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Generazione '90. The carts he refers to are small shopping carts—the symbol of a true Venetian. "It started as a joke," he says with a laugh. "The idea was to put blades on the wheels! You know? Like Ben Hur. Precisely like that, you just go around and run people down."[C] Venice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world. But that's a problem. Up to 90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day—far outnumbering the 55,000 permanent residents. The tourist increase is one key reason the city's population is down from 175,000 in the 1950s. The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. And those who stick around are tired of living in a place where they can't even get to the market without swimming through a sea of picture-snapping tourists. Imagine, navigating through 50,000 people while on the way to school or to work.[D] Laura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, says the local and national governments have failed to do anything about the crowds for decades, because they're only interested in tourism—the primary industry in Venice, worth more than $3 billion in 2015. "Venice is a cash cow," she says, "and everyone wants a piece."[E] Just beyond St. Mark's Square, a cruise ship passes, one of hundreds every year that appear over their medieval (中世纪的) surroundings. Their massive wake creates waves at thebottom of the sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves. "Every time I see a cruise ship, I feel sad," Chigi says. "You see the mud it drags; the destruction it leaves in its wake? That hurts the ancient wooden poles holding up the city underwater. One day we'll see Venice break down."[F] For a time, UNESCO, the cultural wing of the United Nations, seemed to agree. Two years ago, it put Italy on notice, saying the government was not protecting Venice. UNESCO considers the entire city a World Heritage Site, a great honor that means Venice, at the cultural level, belongs to all of the world's people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years to manage Venice's flourishing tourism or the city would be placed on another list—World Heritage In Danger, joining such sites as Aleppo and Palmyra, destroyed by the war in Syria.[G] Venice's deadline passed with barely a murmur (嘟哝) this summer, just as UNESCO was meeting in Istanbul. Only one representative, Jad Tabet from Lebanon, tried to raise the issue. "For several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has been worsening, and it has now reached a dramatic situation," Tabet told UNESCO. "We have to act quickly—there is not a moment to waste."[H] But UNESCO didn't even hold a vote. "It's been postponed until 2017," says Anna Somers, the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group devoted to restoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the U.N. cultural organization didn't vote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger is because UNESCO has become “intensely politicized”. There would have been s ome back-room negotiations."[I] Italy boasts more UNESCO World Heritage Sites than any other country in the world, granting it considerable power and influence within the organization. The former head of the UNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, a Venetian who now serves as UNESCO's assistant director-general for culture.[J] Earlier this year, Italy signed an accord with UNESCO to establish a task force of police art detectives and archaeologists (考古学家) to protect cultural heritage from natural disasters and terror groups, such as ISIS. The accord underlined Italy's global reputation as a good steward of art and culture.[K] But adding Venice to the UNESCO endangered list—which is dominated by sites in developing and conflict-ridden countries—would be an international embarrassment, and couldeven hurt Italy's profitable tourism industry. The Italian Culture Ministry says it is unaware of any government efforts to pressure UNESCO. As for the organization itself, it declined a request for an interview.[L] The city's current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO and told it to mind its own business, while continuing to support the cruise ship industry, which employs 5,000 Venice residents.[M] As for Venetians, they're beyond frustrated and hoping for a solution soon. "It's a nightmare for me. Some situations are really difficult with tourists around," says Giorgio as he navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridge. "There are just so many of them. They never know where they are going, and do not walk in an orderly manner. Navigating the streets can be exhausting."[N] Then it hits him: This crowd isn't made up of tourists. They're Venetians. Giorgio says he's never experienced the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 years. "For once, we are the ones who are blocking the traffic," he says delightedly. "It feels unreal. It feels like we're some form of endangered species. It's just nice. The feeling is just pure." But, he worries, if tourism isn't managed and his fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, his generation might be the last who can call themselves native Venetians.36. The passing cruise ships will undermine the foundations of the ancient buildings in Venice.37. The Italian government has just reached an agreement with UNESCO to take measures to protect its cultural heritage.38. The heritage situation in Venice has been deteriorating in the past few years.39. The decrease in the number of permanent residents in Venice is mainly due to the increase of tourists.40. If tourism gets out of control, native Venetians may desert the city altogether one day.41. UNESCO urged the Italian government to undertake its responsibility to protect Venice.42. The participants in the Venetian march used shopping carts to show they were 100% local residents.43. Ignoring UNESCO's warning, the mayor of Venice maintains his support of the city's tourism industry.44. One woman says that for decades the Italian government and local authorities have only focused on the revenues from tourism.45. UNESCO has not yet decided to put Venice on the list of World Heritage Sites In Danger. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long-lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers found moving to a green space had a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises or promotions, which only provided a short-term boost. Co-author Mathew White, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that the study showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewer signs of depression or anxiety. "There could be a number of reasons," he said, "for example, people do many things to make themselves happier: they strive for promotion or pay rises, or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year, people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are not sustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery (彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, but after six months to a year, they were back to the baseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whether living in greener urban areas had a lasting positive effect on people's sense of well-being or whether the effect also disappeared after a period of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Survey compiled by the University of Essex.Explaining what the data revealed, he said: "What you see is that even after three years, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make us happy." He observed that people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressed people made more sensible decisions and communicated better.With a growing body of evidence establishing a link between urban green spaces and apositive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said, "There's growing interest among public policy officials, but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is to decide where the money will come from to help support good quality local green spaces."46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?A) Improve their work efficiency. C) Help them build a positive attitude towards life.B) Add to their sustained happiness. D) Lessen their concerns about material well-being.47. What does Dr. White say people usually do to make themselves happier?A) Earn more money.B) Settle in an urban area. C) Gain fame and popularity.D) Live in a green environment.48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?A) How it affects different people.B) How strong its positive effect is. C) How long its positive effect lasts.D) How it benefits people physically.49. What did Dr. White's research reveal about people living in a green environment?A) Their stress was more apparent than real.B) Their decisions required less deliberation. C) Their memories were greatly strengthened.D) Their communication with others improved.50. According to Dr. White, what should the government do to build more green spaces in cities?A) Find financial support.B) Improve urban planning. C) Involve local residents in the effort.D) Raise public awareness of the issue.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.A letter written by Charles Darwin in 1875 has been returned to the Smithsonian Institution Archives(档案馆)by the FBI after being stolen twice.“We realized i n the mid-1970s that it was missing,” says Effie Kapsalis, head of the Smithsonian Institution Archives. “It was noted as missing and likely taken by an intern, from what the FBI is telling us. Word got out that it was missing when someone asked to see the letter for research purposes,” and the intern put the letter back.“The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watching it.”Decades passed. Finally the FBI received a tip that the stolen document was located very close to Washington, D.C. Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives todetermine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian’s property.The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park.The letter is in fairly good condition, in spite of being out of the care of trained museum staff for so long. “It was luckily in good shape,” says Kapsalis, “and we just have to do some minor things in order to be able to unfold it. It has some glue on it that has colored it slightly, but nothing that will prevent us from using it. After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online. One of our goals is to get items of high research value or interest to the public online.”It would now be difficult for an intern, visitor or a thief to steal a document like this. “Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s,” says Kapsalis, “and we keep our high value documents in a safe that I don’t even have access to.”51.What happened to Darwin's letter in the 1970s?A) It was recovered by the FBI. C) It was put in the archives for research purposes.B) It was stolen more than once. D) It was purchased by the Smithsonian Archives.52.What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter?A) They proved its authenticity.B) They kept it in a special safe. C) They arrested the suspect immediately.D) They pressed criminal charges in vain.53.What is Darwin's letter about?A) The evolution of Yellowstone National Park.B) His cooperation with an American geologist.C) Some geological evidence supporting his theory.D) His acknowledgement of help from a professional.54.What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?A) Reserve it for research purposes only.B) Turn it into an object of high interest. C) Keep it a permanent secret.D) Make it available online.55.What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?A) Growing interest in rare art objects.B) Radical changes in archiving practices. C) Recovery of various missing documents.D) Increases in the value of museum exhibits.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。

2018年 6 月大学英语六级真题试卷二【听力原文】Conversation OneM: 【1-1 】Tonight we have a special guest from a local establishment, the Prage caf é. Welcome! W: Hi! Thanks for having me on your show.M: 【1-2 】Thank you for joining us! So please tell us why did you decide to open a caf é? W: Well, we saw the opportunity to offer something a little special and different from other establishments. Cafés certainly are very a competitive market sector. There are more than plenty in our city. 【2】And we thought they are all rather similar to each other. Wouldn ' t you agree?M: Certainly yes! So how is your establishment any different?W: Well. Simply put, we have rabbits wandering freely around the place. Our customers comei n and enjoy their food and drinks, while little rabbits play about and brush against their legs. There 's no other place like it.M: That 's amazing! How did you come up with the idea?W: Wes aw other cafés with cats in them. So we thought why not rabbits? People love rabbits. They are very cute animals.M: But is it safe? Do the rabbits ever bite people or do any customers ever hurt the rabbits?W: It 's perfectly safe for both rabbits and our customers. Rabbits are very peaceful, and certainly do not bite. 【3】Furthermore, our rabbits are regularly cleaned, and have all received required shots, so there is no health risk whatsoever. 【4】As for ourcustomers, they are all animal lovers, so they would never try tohurt the rabbits. Sometimes the young child may get overexcited and be a little too rough, but it 's never aserious matter. On the contrary, the Prage caf éoffers a great experience for children, a chance for them to learn about rabbits and how to take care of them. M: Well, it ' s certainly the first time I 've heard of acaf élike that.【杀掉拦路虎】1. establishment [is?t?bli?m?nt]n. 企业;建立; （通常反对变革的）当权派; 反对改革的保守当权派2. whatsoever [?w?ts??'ev?] pron. 无论什么；任何3. advocate [??dv?keit] vt. 提倡; 拥护;鼓吹; 为⋯辩护; n. （辩护）律师; 提倡者; 支持者4. profitable [?pr?fit?bl]adj. 有利可图的，有益的; 可赚钱的，合算的Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. pose [p?uz]vt.& vi. 使摆姿势; 以⋯身份出现;招摇; 炫耀; vt. 提出;造成（威胁、问题等）;引起;产生; n. 姿势;姿态; 装腔作势; 伪装6. injection [in?d?ek??n]n. 注射;注射剂;[ 医]充血; （卫星等的）入轨7. tame [teim]adj. 驯服的;平淡的;无精打采的; v. 驯服;抑制1. What do we learn about the woman?A）She advocates animal protection.B）She sells a special kind of coffee.C）She is going to start a cafe chain.D）She is the owner of a special cafe.【答案】D【解析】本题为细节题，由【1】Tonight we have a special guest from a localestablishment, the Prage caf é. Welcome!【1-2 】Thank you for joining us! So please tell us why did you decide to open a caf é?可知：今晚我们邀请了一位特殊的嘉宾，她来自于当地企业the Prage caf é，大家欢迎！后面又说到“欢迎加入我们！请您告诉我为什么要开一家咖啡店？” D选项：她是一种特殊咖啡厅的主人，符合文意。

第 2 套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on the importance ofbuilding trust between teachers and students. You can cite exa mples to illustrate yourviews. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two longconversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation andthe questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust ch oose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) She advocates animal protection.B) She sells a special kind of coffee.C) She is going to start a café chain.D) She is the owner of a special café.2. A) They bear a lot of similarities.B) They are a profitable business sector.C) They cater to different customers.D) They help take care of customers' pets.3. A) By giving them regular cleaning and injections.B) By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful.C) By placing them at a safe distance from customers.D) By briefing customers on how to get along with them.4. A) They want to learn about rabbits.B) They like to bring in their children.C) They love the animals in her café.D) They give her café favorite reviews.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) It contains too many additives.B) It lacks the essential vitamins.C) It can cause obesity.D) It is mostly garbage.6. A) Its fancy design.B) TV commercials.C) Its taste and texture.D) Peer influence.7. A) Investing heavily in the production of sweet foods.B) Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.C) Trying to trick children into buying their products.D) Offering children more varieties to choose from.8. A) They hardly ate vegetables.B) They seldom had junk food.C) They favored chocolate-coated sweets.D) They liked the food advertised on TV.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each pas sage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the corr esponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Stretches of farmland.B) Typical Egyptian animal farms.C) Tombs of ancient rulers.D) Ruins left by devastating floods.10. A) It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.B) It is hardly associated with great civilizations.C) It has not yet been fully explored and exploited.D) It gathers water from many tropical rain forests.11. A) It carries about one fifth of the world's fresh water.B) It has numerous human settlements along its banks.C) It is second only to the Mississippi River in width.D) It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.B) We are always in a rush to do various things.C) The search for tranquility has become a trend.D) All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.13. A) She had trouble balancing family and work.B) She enjoyed the various social events.C) She was accustomed to tight schedules.D) She spent all her leisure time writing books.14. A) The possibility of ruining her family.B) Becoming aware of her declining health.C) The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.D) Reading a book about slowing down.15. A) She started to follow the cultural norms.B) She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.C) She learned to use more polite expressions.D) She stopped using to-do lists and calendars.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks f ollowed bythree or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They will root out native species altogether.B) They contribute to a region's biodiversity.C) They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.D) They will crossbreed with native species.17. A) Their classifications are meaningful.B) Their interactions are hard to define.C) Their definitions are changeable.D) Their distinctions are artificial.18. A) Only a few of them cause problems to native species.B) They may turn out to benefit the local environment.C) Few of them can survive in their new habitats.D) Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Respect their traditional culture.B) Attend their business seminars.C) Research their specific demands.D) Adopt the right business strategies.20. A) Showing them your palm.B) Giving them gifts of great value.C) Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.D) Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.21. A) They are very easy to satisfy.B) They have a strong sense of worth.C) They tend to be friendly and enthusiastic.D) They have a break from 2:00 to 5:30 .Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) He completely changed the company's culture.B) He collected paintings by world-famous artists.C) He took over the sales department of Reader's Digest.D) He had the company's boardroom extensively renovated.23. A) It should be sold at a reasonable price.B) Its articles should be short and inspiring.C) It should be published in the world's leading languages.D) Its articles should entertain blue- and pink-collar workers.24. A) He knew how to make the magazine profitable.B) He served as a church minister for many years.C) He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.D) He treated the employees like members of his family.25. A) It carried many more advertisements.B) George Grune joined it as an ad salesman.C) Several hundred of its employees got fired.D) Its subscriptions increased considerably.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Did Sarah Josepha Hale write "Mary's Little Lamb," the eternal nursery rhyme (儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it's clear that the woman 26for writing it was one of America's mostfascinating 27 . In honor of the poem's publication on May 24, 1830, here's more about the 28 author's life.Hale wasn't just a writer, she was also a 29 social advocate, and she was particularly 30 with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had "a deep moral influence." She begana nationwide 31 to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the 32 festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a 33 setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship of "Mary's Little Lamb" is disputed. According to the New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was 34 by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem aboutthe event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for。

2018年6月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(完整版第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between teachers and students. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part Ⅰ WritingThe Importance of Building Trust Between Teachers and StudentsA good relationship between a teacher and a student can have a major influence on a kid's development, and trust is crucial and indispensable不可或缺的in maintaining the relationship.To begin with, only when a student believes in his or her teacher is he or she willing to learn from the teacher or look to the teacher for guidance and support. In reality, too many students are weary of study and even drop out of school only because they dislike their teachers, which may transform their whole life. Besides, a teacher who has the full trust of his or her students is more motivated to help them improve the consciousness意识、知觉、觉悟and initiative主动、主动性、首创精神of learning, which in turn依次、转而、轮流benefits the students most. However, the credibility公信力between teachers and students is not something that can be built in a day. On the one hand, teachers should comprehend the students' actual demands and offer timely help. On the other hand, students should always be respectful to their teachers.All in all, trust in a teacher-student relationship is a must to achieve effective teaching an learning.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) She advocates animal protection.B) She sells a special kind of coffee.C) She is going to start a café chain.D) She is the owner of a special café.2. A) They bear具有、承受、忍受a lot of similarities相似性、相同点.B) They are a profitable business sector.C) They cater to different customers.D) They help take care of customers' pets.3. A) By giving them regular cleaning and injections.B) By selecting breeds that are tame and peaceful.C) By placing them at a safe distance from customers.D) By briefing customers on how to get along with them.4. A) They want to learn about rabbits.B) They like to bring in their children.C) They love the animals in her café.D) They give her café favorite reviews.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) It contains too many additives.B) It lacks the essential vitamins.C) It can cause obesity.D) It is mostly garbage.6. A) Its fancy design.B) TV commercials.C) Its taste and texture.D) Peer influence.7. A) Investing heavily in the production of sweet foods.B) Marketing their products with ordinary ingredients.C) Trying to trick children into buying their products.D) Offering children more varieties to choose from.8. A) They hardly ate vegetables.B) They seldom had junk food垃圾食品、没有营养的食品.C) They favored chocolate-coated sweets.D) They liked the food advertised on TV.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Stretches of farmland.B) Typical Egyptian animal farms.C) Tombs of ancient rulers.D) Ruins left by devastating floods.10. A) It provides habitats for more primitive tribes.B) It is hardly associated with great civilizations.C) It has not yet been fully explored and exploited.D) It gathers water from many tropical rain forests.11. A) It carries about one fifth of the world's fresh water.B) It has numerous human settlements along its banks.C) It is second only to the Mississippi River in width.D) It is as long as the Nile and the Yangtze combined.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) Living a life in the fast lane leads to success.B) We are always in a rush to do various things.C) The search for tranquility has become a trend.D) All of us actually yearn for a slow and calm life.13. A) She had trouble balancing family and work.B) She enjoyed the various social events.C) She was accustomed to tight schedules.D) She spent all her leisure time writing books.14. A) The possibility of ruining her family.B) Becoming aware of her declining health.C) The fatigue from living a fast-paced life.D) Reading a book about slowing down.15. A) She started to follow the cultural norms.B) She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.C) She learned to use more polite expressions.D) She stopped using to-do lists and calendars.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) They will root out native species altogether.B) They contribute to a region's biodiversity.C) They pose a threat to构成威胁the local ecosystem.D) They will crossbreed with native species.17. A) Their classifications are meaningful.B) Their interactions are hard to define.C) Their definitions are changeable.D) Their distinctions区别、特质、区分are artificial人为的、人造的.18. A) Only a few of them cause problems to native species.B) They may turn out to benefit the local environment.C) Few of them can survive in their new habitats.D) Only 10 percent of them can be naturalized.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Respect their traditional culture.B) Attend their business seminars.C) Research their specific demands.D) Adopt the right business strategies.20. A) Showing them your palm.B) Giving them gifts of great value.C) Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.D) Clicking your fingers loudly in their presence.21. A) They are very easy to satisfy.B) They have a strong sense of worth.C) They tend to be friendly and enthusiastic.D) They have a break休息一下from 2:00 to 5:30 p.m.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) He completely changed the company's culture.B) He collected paintings by world-famous artists.C) He took over the sales department of Reader's Digest.D) He had the company's boardroom extensively renovated.23. A) It should be sold at a reasonable price.B) Its articles should be short and inspiring.C) It should be published in the world's leading languages.D) Its articles should entertain blue- and pink-collar workers.24. A) He knew how to make the magazine profitable.B) He served as a church minister for many years.C) He suffered many setbacks and misfortunes in his life.D) He treated the employees like members of his family.25. A) It carried many more advertisements.B) George Grune joined it as an ad salesman.C) Several hundred of its employees got fired.D) Its subscriptions increased considerably.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Did Sarah Josepha Hale write "Mary's Little Lamb羔羊," the eternal nursery托儿所、幼儿园rhyme (儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn倔强的、顽固的lamb? This is still disputed有争议的, but it's clear that the woman K26 reputed挂名的、号称的 for writing it was one of America's mostfascinating C27characters人物、特性、描述 . In honor of为庆祝、为纪念the poem's publication on May 24, 1830, here's more about the M28supposed假定的、期望的、推定、据说的 author's life.Hale wasn't just a writer, she was also a E29fierce凶狠的、凶猛的、激烈的 social advocate拥护者、倡导者、辩护者、辩护律师, and she was particularly H30obsessed着迷、痴迷 with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had "a deep moral influence." She began a nationwide A31campaign活动、战役、运动 to have a national holiday declared that would bring familiestogether while celebrating the N32traditional festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy倡导、鼓吹、主张、拥护including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War 南北战争, issued a I33proclamation宣言书、声明、公告 setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.The true authorship作者身份、原创作者of "Mary's Little Lamb" is disputed有争议的. According to the New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was F34inspired受启发的、鼓舞的 by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it. However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the L35rest of her life that "some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem".A) campaign B) career C) characters D) features E) fierce F) inspired G) latter H) obsessed I) proclamation J) rectified K) reputed L) rest M) supposed N) traditional O) versatileSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Grow Plants Without WaterA) Ever since humanity began to farm our own food, we’ve faced the unpredictable rain that is both friend and enemy. It comes and goes without much warning, and a field of lush (茂盛的) leafy greens one year can dry up and blow away the next. Food security and fortunes depend on sufficient rain, and nowhere more so than in Africa, where 96% of farmland depends on rain instead of the irrigation common in more developed places. It has consequences: South Africa's ongoing drought—the worst in three decades—will cost at least a quarter of its corn crop this year.B) Biologist Jill Farrant of the University of Cape Town in South Africa says that nature has plenty of answers for people who want to grow crops in places with unpredictable rainfall. She is hard at work finding a way to take traits from rare wild plants that adapt to extreme dry weather and use them in food crops. As the earth's climate changes and rainfall becomes even less predictable in some places, those answers will grow even more valuable. "The type of farming I'm aiming for is literally so that people can survive as it's going to get more and more dry," Farrant says.C) Extreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. In the rusty red deserts of South Africa,steep-sided rocky hills called inselbergs rear up from the plains like the bones of the earth. The hills are remnants of an earlier geological era, scraped bare of most soil and exposed to the elements. Yet on these and similar formations in deserts around the world, a few fierce plants have adapted to endure under ever-changing conditions.D) Farrant calls them resurrection plants (复苏植物). During months without water under a harsh sun, they wither, shrink and contract until they look like a pile of dead gray leaves. But rainfall can revive them in a matter of hours. Her time-lapse (间歇性拍摄的) videos of the revivals look like someone playing a tape of the plant's death in reverse.E) The big difference between "drought-tolerant" plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store reserves of water to see them through a drought; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. Butonce these plants use up their stored reserve or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term "drought tolerant" to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to consume water, so Farrant prefers to call them drought resistant.F) Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack water-storing structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from tapping groundwater, so they have instead developed the ability to change their metabolism. When they detect an extended dry period, they divert their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress-associated proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the properties of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glass-like state that is "the most stable state that the plant can maintain," Farrant says. That slows the plant's metabolism and protects its dried-out tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.G) What else can do this dry-out-and-revive trick? Seeds—almost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied "recalcitrant seeds (顽拗性种子)," such as avocados, coffee and lychee. While tasty, such seeds are delicate—they cannot bud and grow if they dry out (as you may know if you've ever tried to grow a tree from an avocado pit). In the seed world, that makes them rare, because most seeds from flowering plants are quite robust. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout (发芽). Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the pause button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.H) After completing her Ph. D. on seeds, Farrant began investigating whether it might be possible to isolate the properties that make most seeds so resilient (迅速恢复活力的) and transfer them to other plant tissues. What Farrant and others have found over the past two decades is that there are many genes involved in resurrection plants' response to dryness. Many of them are the same that regulate how seeds become dryness-tolerant while still attached to their parent plants. Now they are trying to figure out what molecular signaling processes activate those seed-building genes in resurrection plants—and how to reproduce them in crops. "Most genes are regulated by a master set of genes," Farrant says. "We're looking at gene promoters and what would be their master switch."I) Once Farrant and her colleagues feel they have a better sense of which switches to throw, they will have to find the best way to do so in useful crops. "I'm trying three methods of breeding," Farrant says: conventional, genetic modification and gene editing. She says she is aware that plenty of people do not want to eat genetically modified crops, but she is pushing ahead with every available tool until one works. Farmers and consumers alike can choose whether or not to use whichever version prevails："I'm giving people an option."J) Farrant and others in the resurrection business got together last year to discuss the best species of resurrection plant to use as a lab model. Just like medical researchers use rats to test ideas for human medical treatments, botanists use plants that are relatively easy to grow in a lab or greenhouse setting to test their ideas for related species. The Queensland rock violet is one of the best studied resurrection plants so far, with a draft genome (基因图谱) published last year by a Chinese team. Also last year, Farrant and colleagues published a detailed molecular study of another candidate, Xerophyta viscosa, a tough-as-nail South African plant with lily-like flowers, and she says that a genome is on the way. One or both of these models will help researchers test their ideas—so far mostly done in the lab—on test plots. K) Understanding the basic science first is key. There are good reasons why crop plants do not usedryness defenses already. For instance, there's a high energy cost in switching from a regular metabolism to an almost-no-water metabolism. It will also be necessary to understand what sort of yield farmers might expect and to establish the plant's safety. "The yield is never going to be high," Farrant says, so these plants will be targeted not at Iowa farmers trying to squeeze more cash out of high-yield fields, but subsistence farmers who need help to survive a drought like the present one in South Africa. "My vision is for the subsistence farmer," Farrant says. "I'm targeting crops that are of African value."36. There are a couple of plants tough and adaptable enough to survive on bare rocky hills and in deserts.C37. Farrant is trying to isolate genes in resurrection plants and reproduce them in crops.H38. Farmers in South Africa are more at the mercy of nature, especially inconsistent rainfall.A39. Resurrection crops are most likely to be the choice of subsistence farmers.K40. Even though many plants have developed various tactics to cope with dry weather, they cannot survive a prolonged drought.E41. Despite consumer resistance, researchers are pushing ahead with genetic modification of crops.I42. Most seeds can pull through dry spells and begin growing when conditions are ripe, but once this process starts, it cannot be held back.G43. Farrant is working hard to cultivate food crops that can survive extreme dryness by studying the traits of rare wild plants.B44. By adjusting their metabolism, resurrection plants can recover from an extended period of drought.F45. Resurrection plants can come back to life in a short time after a rainfall.DSection CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Human memory is notoriously unreliable. Even people with the sharpest facial-recognition skills can only remember so much.It's tough to quantify how good a person is at remembering. No one really knows how many different faces someone can recall, for example, but various estimates tend to hover in the thousands—based on the number of acquaintances a person might have.Machines aren't limited this way. Give the right computer a massive database of faces, and it can process what it sees—then recognize a face it's told to find—with remarkable speed and precision. This skill is what supports the enormous promise of facial-recognition software in the 21st century. It's also what makes contemporary surveillance systems so scary.The thing is, machines still have limitations when it comes to facial recognition. And scientists are only just beginning to understand what those constraints are. To begin to figure out how computers are struggling, researchers at the University of Washington created a massive database of faces—they call it MegaFace—and tested a variety of facial-recognition algorithms (算法) as they scaled up in complexity. The idea was to test the machines on a database that included up to 1 million different images of nearly 700,000 different people—and not just a large database featuring a relatively small number of different faces, more consistent with what's been used in other research.As the databases grew, machine accuracy dipped across the board. Algorithms that were right 95% of the time when they were dealing with a 13,000-image database, for example, were accurate about 70% of the time when confronted with 1 million images. That's still pretty good, says one of the researchers, Ira Kemelmacher-Shlizerman. "Much better than we expected," she said.Machines also had difficulty adjusting for people who look a lot alike—either doppelgangers (长相极相似的人), whom the machine would have trouble identifying as two separate people, or the same person who appeared in different photos at different ages or in different lighting, whom the machine would incorrectly view as separate people."Once we scale up, algorithms must be sensitive to tiny changes in identities and at the same time invariant to lighting, pose, age," Kemelmacher-Shlizerman said.The trouble is, for many of the researchers who'd like to design systems to address these challenges, massive datasets for experimentation just don't exist—at least, not in formats that are accessible to academic researchers. Training sets like the ones Google and Facebook have are private. There are no public databases that contain millions of faces. MegaFace's creators say it's the largest publicly available facial-recognition dataset out there."An ultimate face recognition algorithm should perform with billions of people in a dataset," the researchers wrote.46. Compared with human memory, machines can ________.A) identify human faces more efficientlyB) tell a friend from a mere acquaintanceC) store an unlimited number of human facesD) perceive images invisible to the human eye47. Why did researchers create MegaFace?A) To enlarge the volume of the facial-recognition database.B) To increase the variety of facial-recognition software.C) To understand computers' problems with facial面部的recognition识别.D) To reduce the complexity of facial-recognition algorithms.48. What does the passage say about machine accuracy准确性?A) It falls short of researchers' expectations.B) It improves with added computing power.C) It varies greatly with different algorithms.D) It decreases as the database数据库size increases.49. What is said to be a shortcoming-of facial-recognition machines?A) They cannot easily tell apart分别、区别people with near-identical同一的、完全相同的appearances.B) They have difficulty identifying changes in facial expressions.C) They are not sensitive to minute changes in people's mood.D) They have problems distinguishing people of the same age.50. What is the difficulty confronting面对、对抗researchers of facial-recognition machines?A) No computer is yet able to handle huge datasets of human faces.B) There do not exist public databases with sufficient足够的face samples样本、采样.C) There are no appropriate algorithms to process the face samples.D) They have trouble converting face datasets into the right format.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.There're currently 21.5 million students in America, and many will be funding their college on borrowed money. Given that there's now over $1.3 trillion in student loans on the books, it's pretty clear that many students are far from sensible. The average student's debt upon graduation now approaches $40,000, and as college becomes ever more expensive, calls to make it "free" are multiplying. Even Hillary Clinton says that when it comes to college, "Costs won't be a barrier."But the only way college could be free is if the faculty and staff donated their time, the buildings required no maintenance, and campuses required no utilities. As long as it's impossible to produce something from nothing, costs are absolutely a barrier.The actual question we debate is who should pay for people to go to college. If taxpayers are to bear the cost of forgiving student loans, shouldn't they have a say in how their money is used?At least taxpayers should be able to decide what students will study on the public dime. If we're going to force taxpayers to foot the bill for college degrees, students should only study those subjects that're of greatest benefit to taxpayers. After all, students making their own choices in this respect is what caused the problem in the first place. We simply don't need more poetry, gender studies, or sociology majors. How do we know which subjects benefit society? Easy.Average starting salaries give a clear indication of what type of training society needs its new workers to have. Certainly, there're benefits to a college major beyond the job a student can perform. But if we're talking about the benefits to society, the only thing that matters is what the major enables the student to produce for society. And the value of what the student can produce is reflected in the wage employers are willing to pay the student to produce it.A low wage for elementary school teachers, however, doesn't mean elementary education isn't important. It simply means there're too many elementary school teachers already.Meanwhile, there're few who're willing and able to perform jobs requiring a petroleum engineering major, so the value of one more of those people is very high.So we can have taxpayers pick up students' tuition in exchange for dictating what those students will study. Or we can allow students both to choose their majors and pay for their education themselves. But in the end, one of two things is true:Either a college major is worth its cost or it isn't. If yes, taxpayer financing isn't needed. If not, taxpayer financing isn't desirable. Either way, taxpayers have no business paying for students' college education.51. What does the author think of college students funding their education through loans借贷?A) They only expect to get huge returns.B) They are acting in an irrational非理性的way.C) They benefit at taxpayers' expense.D) They will regret doing so someday.52. In the author's opinion, free college education is ________.A) impractical 不切实际的、不现实的B) unsustainableC) a goal to strive forD) a way to social equality53. What should students do if taxpayers纳税人are to bear their college costs?A) Work even harder to repay society.B) Choose their subjects more carefully.C) Choose majors专业、主修that will serve society's practical needs.D) Allow taxpayers to participate in college administration.。

College English Test Band SixPart II Listening ComprehensionSection A Directions:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions.Both the conversation and the questionswill be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answerfrom the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre. Conversation OneM: Tonight we have a special guestfrom a local establishment,the Parisian Café. Welcome!W: Hi,thanks for having me on your show.M: Thank you for joining us.So please tell us,why did you decide to open a café?W: Well, we saw the opportunityto offer something a little specialand different from other establishments.Cafés certainly are a very competitive market sector. There are more than plenty in our city,and we felt they are all rather similar to each other. Wouldn't you agree?M: Certainly yes.So how is your establishment any different?W: Well, simply put,we have rabbits wandering freelyaround the place.Our customers come inand enjoy their food and drinkswhile little rabbits play aboutand brush against their legs.There is no other place like it.M: That's amazing!How did you come up with the idea?W: We saw other cafés with cats in them.So we thought, why not rabbits?People love rabbits.They are very cute animals.M: But is it safe?Do the rabbits ever bite people?Or do any customers ever hurt the rabbits?W: It's perfectly safe for both rabbitsand our customers.Rabbits are very peacefuland certainly do not bite.Furthermore, our rabbits are regularly cleanedand have all received the required shots.So there is no health risk whatsoever.As for our customers,they are all animal lovers,so they would never try to hurt the rabbits. Sometimes a young child may get over-excited, and they are a little too rough,but it's never a serious matter.On the contrary, the Parisian Caféoffersa great experience for children,a chance for them to learn about rabbitsand how to take care of them.M: Well, it's certainly the first timeI’ve heard of a cafélike that.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversationyou have just heard.1. What do we learn about the woman?2. What does the woman say about cafés in her city?3. How does the Parisian Caféguaranteethat its rabbits pose no health threat?4. What does the woman say about their customers? Conversation TwoM: Hey, there. How are you?W: Oh, hi. I'm great! Thanks.And you look great, too.M: Thank you.It's good to see you shopping at the organic section.I see you've got lots of healthy stuff.I wish I could buy more organic produce from here, but I find the kids don't like it.I don't know about yours,but mine are all about junk food.W: Oh, trust me!I know exactly how you feel.My children are the same.What is it with kids these daysand all that junk food they eat?I think it's all that advertising on TV.That's where they get it.M: Yes, it must be.My children see something on TVand they immediately want it.It's like they don't realizeit's just an advertisement.W: Right. And practicallyeverything that's advertised for childrenis unhealthy processed foods.No surprise then it becomes a battle for us parents to feed our children ordinary fruit and vegetables. M: That's just the thing.One never sees ordinary ingredientsbeing advertised on TV.It's never a carrot or a peach.It's always some garbage,like chocolate-covered sweets. So unhealthy. W: Exactly. And these big food corporations have so much money to spend on clever tactics designed to make young childrenwant to buy their products.Children never stand a chance.It's really not fair.M: You are so right.When we were children,we barely had any junk food available,and we turned out just fine.W: Yes. My parents don't understand any of it. Both the TV commercials and the supermarkets are alien to them.Their world was so differentback when they were young.M: I don't know what will happento the next generation.W: The world is going crazy.M: You bet.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. What do the speakers sayabout the food their children like?6. According to the speakers,what affects children's choice of food most?7. What do the speakers believebig food corporations are doing?8. What do we know about the speakerswhen they were children?Section B Directions:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questionswill be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answerfrom the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Passage OneAt some 2,300 miles in length,the Mississippi is the longest riverin the United States.At some 1,000 miles,the Mackenzie is the longest river in Canada.But these waterways seem minutein comparison tothe world's two lengthiest rivers—the Nile and the Amazon.The Nile, which begins in central Africaand flows over 4,100 miles northinto the Mediterranean,hosted one of the world's great ancient civilizations along its shores.Calm and peaceful for most of the year,the Nile used to flood annually,thereby creating, irrigatingand carrying new topsoil to the nearby farmland on which ancient Egypt depended for livelihood. As a means of transportation,the river carried various vesselsup and down its length.A journey through the unobstructed partof this waterway todaywould pass by the splendid Valley of the Kings, where the tombs ofmany of these ancient monarchshave stood for over 3,000 years.Great civilizations and intensive settlementare hardly associated with the Amazon,yet this 4,000-mile-long South American river carries about 20 percent of the world's fresh water—more than the Mississippi, Nile,and Yangtze combined.Other statistics are equally astonishing.The Amazon is so wide at some pointsthat from its centerneither shore can be seen.Each second, the Amazon pourssome 55 million gallons of waterinto the Atlantic;there, at its mouth,stands one island larger than Switzerland.Most important of all, the Amazonirrigates the largest tropical rain forest on Earth. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passageyou have just heard.9. What can be found in the Valley of the Kings?10. In what way is the Amazon differentfrom other big rivers?11. What does the speaker say about the Amazon? Passage TwoHow often do you say to people “I'm busy”or “I haven't got time for that.”It's an inevitable truth thatall of us live a life in the fast lane,even though we know thatbeing busy is not always particularly healthy. Growing up in New Zealand,everything was always calm and slow.People enjoyed the tranquility ofa slower pace of life.But after I moved to Tokyoand lived there for a number of years,I got used to having a pile of to-do lists,and my calendar always looked like a mess,with loads of things to do written across it.I found myself filling my time upwith endless work meetings and social events, rushing along as busy as a bee.Then, one day,I came across a book calledIn Praise of Slownessand realized thatbeing busy is not only detrimental,but also has the danger ofturning life into an endless race.So I started practicing the various practical steps mentioned by the author in the book,and began to revolt againstthe very idea of being too busy.It doesn't mean that my to-do listsno longer exist,but I've become more aware ofthe importance of slowing downand making sure thatI enjoy the daily activities as I carry them out. From now on,when someone asks you how your life is,try responding with words like“exciting and fun”instead of the cultural norm that says “busy.”See if you experience the tranquilitythat follows.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passageyou have just heard.12. What does the speaker thinkis an inevitable truth?13. What does the speaker sayabout her life in Tokyo?14. What made the speakerchange her lifestyle?15. What happenedafter the speaker changed her lifestyle?Section C Directions:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answerfrom the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Recording OneGovernments, private groups, and individuals spend billions of dollars a yeartrying to root out non-native organismsthat are considered dangerous to ecosystems,and to prevent the introduction of new intruders. But a number of scientistsquestion the assumption thatthe presence of alien speciescan never be acceptable in a natural ecosystem. They say that portraying introduced speciesas inherently bad is an unscientific approach. “Distinctions between exotic and native species are artificial,”said Dr. Michael Rosenzweig,a professor of evolutionary biologyat the University of Arizona,“because they depend on picking a dateand calling the plants and animalsthat show up after that date ‘exotic.’”Ecosystems free of species defined as exotic are, by default, considered the most natural.“You can't roll back the clockand remove all exotics or fix habitats,”Dr. Rosenzweig said.“Both native and exotic speciescan become invasive,and so they all have to be monitored and controlled when they begin to get out of hand.”At its core, the debate is abouthow to manage the world'sremaining natural ecosystems and about how,and how much, to restore other habitats.Species that invade a territorycan harm ecosystems, agriculture,and human health.They can threaten some native speciesor even destroy and replace others.Next to habitat loss,these invasive species represent the greatest threat to biodiversity worldwide, many ecologists say. Ecologists generally define an alien speciesas one that people, accidentally or deliberately, carried to its new location.Across the American continents,exotic species are those introducedafter the first European contact.That date, rounded off to 1500 AD,represents what ecologists consider to have been a major shift in the spread of species,including crops and livestock,as they began to migrate with humansfrom continent to continent.“Only a small percentage of alien species cause problems in their new habitats,”said Don Smith,professor of ecology and evolutionary biologyat the University of Tennessee.“Of the 7,000 alien species in the United States—out of a total of 150,000 species—only about 10 percent are invasive,”he pointed out.The other 90 percenthave fit into their environmentsand are considered naturalized.Yet appearances can deceive,ecologists caution,and many of these exoticsmay be considered acceptable only becauseno one has documented their harmful effects. What is more, non-native speciescan appear harmless for decades,then turn invasive.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. What assumption about introduced speciesis challenged by a number of scientists?17. What does Dr. Michael Rosenzweig thinkof exotic and native species?18. What does Professor Don Smith sayabout alien species?Recording TwoGood morning, ladies and gentlemen!And welcome to the thirdin our series of business seminars in the program—Doing Business Abroad.Today we are going to look atintercultural awareness, that is,the fact that not everyone is British,not everyone speaks English,and not everyone does businessin the British way.And why should they?If overseas business people are selling to us,then they will make every effort to speak English and to respect our traditions and methods.It is only polite for us to do the samewhen we visit them.It is not only polite.It is essentialif we want to sell British products overseas. First, a short quiz.Let's see how interculturally aware you are. Question 1: Where must you not drink alcoholon the first and seventh of every month? Question 2: Where should you never admireyour host's possessions?Question 3: How should you attract the waiter during a business lunch in Bangkok?And Question 4: Where should you try tomake all your appointmentseither before 2:00 or after 5:30 p.m.?OK. Everyone had a chance to make some notes? Right. Here are the answers—although I am sure that the informationcould equally well apply to countriesother than those I have chosen.So No.1, you must not drink alcoholon the first and seventh of the month in India.In international hotelsyou may find it served,but if you are having a mealwith an Indian colleague,remember to avoid asking for a beerif your arrival coincides with one of those dates.2. In Arab countries,the politeness and generosity of the peopleis without parallel.If you admireyour colleague's beautiful golden bowls,you may well find yourselfbeing presented with them as a present.This is not a cheap way to do your shopping, however, as your host will, quite correctly, expect you to respond by presenting himwith a gift of equal worth and beauty.In Thailand, clicking the fingers,clapping your hands, or just shouting “Waiter!”will embarrass your hosts, fellow diners,the waiter himself and, most of all, you!Place your palm downwardand make an inconspicuous waving gesture, which will produce instant and satisfying results. And finally, in Spain,some businesses maintain the pattern ofworking until about 2 o'clockand then returning to the office from 5:30to 8:00, 9:00 or 10:00 in the evening. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. What should you dowhen doing business with foreigners?20. What must you avoid doingwith your Indian colleague?21. What do we learnabout some Spanish business people? Recording ThreeShortly after he took overthe Reader's Digest Association in 1984, George Grune unlocked the company's boardroom and announced thatthe room was now open to the employees.It was a symbolic act,indicating that under Grune's leadershipReader's Digest was going to be different.True to his word,Grune has shaken up the culture here.To get an idea of the culture we're talking about, consider the boardroom Grune opened up.It has artworks that any museum in the world would want to collect,paintings by many world-famous artistslike Monet and Picasso.Its headquarters houses some 3,000 works of art. The main building is topped witha Georgian Tower with four sculptures ofthe mythical winged horse,the magazine's corporate logo.It sits on 127 acres of well-trimmed lawns.The editor's officeused to be occupied by founder Dewitt Wallace, who, along with his wife,Lila Acheson Wallace,launched Reader's Digest in 1922with condensed articles from other publications. It has become the world'smost widely read magazine,selling 28 million copies each monthin 17 languages and 41 different editions.The Wallaces, both children of church ministers, had a clearly defined formulafor their “little magazine”as Reader's Digest was originally subtitled. Articles were to be short, readable and uplifting. Subjects were picked to inspire or entertain. The Wallaces didn't accept advertisingin the US edition until 1955 and even thenthey didn't allow any ads for cigarettes,liquor or drugs.The Wallaces also had a clear sense ofthe kind of workplace they wanted.It started as a mom-and-pop operation,and the childless Wallacesalways considered employeesto be part of their family.Employees still tell stories of how the Wallaces would take care of their employeeswho had met with misfortunesand they showered their employeeswith unusual benefits,like a turkey at Thanksgivingand Fridays off in May.This cozy workplace no longer exists here.The Wallaces both died in their ninetiesin the early 1980s.George Grune, a former ad salesmanwho joined Reader's Digest in 1960has his eye focused on the bottom line.In a few short years,he turned the magazine on his head.He laid off several hundred workers. Especially hard hit were the blue-and pink-collar departments,such as subscription fulfillment.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. What did George Grune do in 1984?23. How did the Wallaces define the formula for Reader's Digest?24. What do we learn about the founder of Reader's Digest Dewitt Wallace?25. What change took place in Reader's Digest after the Wallaces' death?This is the end of listening comprehension.。

2018年6月六级部分真题参考答案(完整版)Part Ⅰ WritingThe Importance of Building Trust between Businesses and ConsumersToday, in the context of this era featured by increasing commercialization and digitalization, mutually-trusted relations between businesses and consumers appear to be particularly important.As for me businesses should take a leading role in establishing the trust relationship: to be honest with their consumers. Firstly, if a business has a dishonest attitude toward its customers, the customers will lack purchasing confidence in its goods or services, which will bring huge economic loss to the business. What's worse, the adverse side effect of such dishonesty can endanger the business and it is impossible to recover. The collapse of Sanlu Milk Powder Company is a testament to this. Moreover, the incident of poisonous milk has exerted devastating consequences on the whole milk powder market. Besides, because of the proliferation of counterfeit goods, more consumers lose confidence in domestic products,and then they have no alternative but to resort to foreign brands, which is one reason why cross-border online shopping is gaining more and more popularity in China.Therefore, it is high time for us to strengthen the importance of maintaining trust between businesses and consumers to promote the healthy development of the whole social economy.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension说明：由于2018年6月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前2套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

2018年6月英语六级真题及答案（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between employers and employees. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) It is a typical salad.B) It is a Spanish soup.C) It is a weird vegetable.D) It is a kind of spicy food.2. A) To make it thicker.B) To make it more nutritious.C) To add to its appeal.D) To replace an ingredient.3. A) It contains very little fat.B) It uses olive oil in cooking.C) It uses no artificial additives.D) It is mainly made of vegetables.4. A) It does not go stale for two years.B) It takes no special skill to prepare.C) It comes from a special kind of pig.D) It is a delicacy blended with bread.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) They come in a great variety.B) They do not make decent gifts.C) They do not vary much in price.D) They go well with Italian food.6. A) $30- $40.B) $40- $50.C) $50- $60.D) Around $ 150.7. A) They are a healthy choice for elderly people.B) They are especially popular among Italians.C) They symbolize good health and longevity.D) They go well with different kinds of food.8. A) It is a wine imported from California.B) It is less spicy than all other red wines.C) It is far more expensive than he expected.D) It is Italy s most famous type of red wine.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Learning others secrets.B) Searching for information.C) Decoding secret messages.D) Spreading sensational news.10. A) They helped the U. S. army in World War Ⅱ.B) They could write down spoken codes promptly.C) They were assigned to decode enemy messages.D) They were good at breaking enemy secret codes.11. A) Important battles fought in the Pacific War.B) Decoding of secret messages in war times.C) A military code that was never broken.D) Navajo Indians contribution to code breaking.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) All services will be personalized.B) A lot of knowledge-intensive jobs will be replaced.C) Technology will revolutionize all sectors of industry.D) More information will be available.13. A) In the robotics industry.B) In the information service.C) In the personal care sector.D) In high-end manufacturing.14. A) They charge high prices.B) They need lots of training.C) They cater to the needs of young people.D) They focus on customers specific needs.15. A) The rising demand in education and healthcare in the next 20 years.B) The disruption caused by technology in traditionally well-paid jobs.C) The tremendous changes new technology will bring to people s lives.D) The amazing amount of personal attention people would like to have.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) It was the longest road in ancient Egypt.B) It was constructed some 500 years ago.C) It lay 8 miles from the monument sites.D) It linked a stone pit to some waterways.17. A) Saws used for cutting stone.B) Traces left by early explorers.C) An ancient geographical map.D) Some stone tool segments.18. A) To transport stones to block floods.B) To provide services for the stone pit.C) To link the various monument sites.D) To connect the villages along the Nile.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) Dr. Gong didn t give him any conventional tests.B) Dr. Gong marked his office with a hand-painted sign.C) Dr. Gong didn t ask him any questions about his pain.D) Dr. Gong slipped in needles where he felt no pain.20. A) He had heard of the wonders acupuncture could work.B) Dr. Gong was very famous in New York s Chinatown.C) Previous medical treatments failed to relieve his pain.D) He found the expensive medical tests unaffordable.21. A) More and more patients ask for the treatment.B) Acupuncture techniques have been perfected.C) It doesn t need the conventional medical tests.D) It does not have any negative side effects.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) They were on the verge of breaking up.B) They were compatible despite differences.C) They quarreled a lot and never resolved their arguments.D) They argued persistently about whether to have children.23. A) Neither of them has any brothers or sisters.B) Neither of them won their parents favor.C) They weren t spoiled in their childhood.D) They didn t like to be the apple of their parents eyes.24. A) They are usually good at making friends.B) They tend to be adventurous and creative.C) They are often content with what they have.D) They tend to be self-assured and responsible.25. A) They enjoy making friends.B) They tend to be well adjusted.C) They are least likely to take initiative.D) They usually have successful marriages.Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage throughcarefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Scientists scanning and mapping the Giza pyramids say they ve discovered that the Great Pyramid of Giza is not exactly even. But really not by much. This pyramid is the oldest of the world s Seven Wonders. The pyramid s exact size has 26 experts for centuries, as the "more than 21 acres of hard, white casing stones" that originally covered it were 27 long ago. Reporting in the most recent issue of the newsletter "AERAGRAM," which 28 the work of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates, engineer Glen Dash says his team used a new measuring approach that involved finding any surviving 29 of the casing in order to determine where the original edge was. They found the east side of the pyramid to be a 30 of 5.5 inches shorter than the west side.The question that most 31 him, however, isn t how the Egyptians who designed and built the pyramid got it wrong 4,500 years ago, but how they got it so close to 32 . "We can only speculate as to how the Egyptians could have laid out these lines with such 33 using only the tools they had," Dash writes. He says his 34 is that the Egyptians laid out their design on a grid, noting that the great pyramid is oriented only 35 away from the cardinal directions (its north-south axis runs 3 minutes 54 seconds west of due north, while its east-west axis runs 3 minutes 51 seconds north of due east)—an amount that s "tiny, but similar," archeologist Atlas Obscura points out.A) chroniclesB) completeC) establishedD) fascinatesE) hypothesisF) maximumG) momentumH) mysteriously I) perfectJ) precision K) puzzled L) remnants M) removed N) revelations O) slightlySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Peer Pressure Has a Positive SideA) Parents of teenagers often view their children s friends with something like suspicion. They worry that the adolescent peer group has the power to push its members into behavior that is foolish and even dangerous. Such wariness is well founded: statistics show, for example, that a teenage driver with a same-age passenger in the car is at higher risk of a fatal crash than an adolescent driving alone or with an adult.B) In a 2005 study, psychologist Laurence Steinberg of Temple University and his co-author, psychologist Margo Gardner, then at Temple, divided 306 people into three age groups: young adolescents, with a mean age of 14; older adolescents, with a mean age of 19; and adults, aged 24 and older. Subjects played a computerized driving game in which the player must avoid crashing into a wall that materializes, without warning, on the roadway. Steinberg and Gardner randomly assigned some participants to play alone or with two same-age peers looking on.C) Older adolescents scored about 50 percent higher on an index of risky driving when their peers were in the room—and the driving of early adolescents was fully twice as reckless when other young teens were around. In contrast, adults behaved in similar ways regardless of whether they were on their own or observed by others. "The presence of peers makes adolescents and youth, but not adults, more likely to take risks," Steinberg and Gardner concluded.D) Yet in the years following the publication of this study, Steinberg began to believe that this interpretation did not capture the whole picture. As he and other researchers examined the question of why teens were more apt to take risks in the company of other teenagers, they came to suspect that a crowd s influence need not always be negative. Now some experts are proposing that we should take advantage of the teen brain s keen sensitivity to the presence of friends and leverage it to improve education.E) In a 2011 study, Steinberg and his colleagues turned to functional MRI (磁共振) to investigate how the presence of peers affects the activity in the adolescent brain. They scanned the brains of 40 teens and adults who were playing a virtual driving game designed to test whether players would brake at a yellow light or speed on through the crossroad.F) The brains of teenagers, but not adults, showed greater activity in two regions associated with rewardswhen they were being observed by same-age peers than when alone. In other words, rewards are more intense for teens when they are with peers, which motivates them to pursue higher-risk experiences that might bring a big payoff (such as the thrill of just making the light before it turns red). But Steinberg suspected this tendency could also have its advantages. In his latest experiment, published online in August, Steinberg and his colleagues used a computerized version of a card game called the Iowa Gambling Task to investigate how the presence of peers affects the way young people gather and apply information.G) The results: Teens who played the Iowa Gambling Task under the eyes of fellow adolescents engaged in more exploratory behavior, learned faster from both positive and negative outcomes, and achieved better performance on the task than those who played in solitude. "What our study suggests is that teenagers learn more quickly and more effectively when their peers are present than when they re on their own," Steinberg says. And this finding could have important implications for how we think about educating adolescents.H) Matthew D. Lieberman, a social cognitive neuroscientist at the University of California, Los Angeles, and author of the 2013 book Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect, suspects that the human brain is especially skillful at learning socially significant information. He points to a classic 2004 study in which psychologists at Dartmouth College and Harvard University used functional MRI to track brain activity in 17 young men as they listened to descriptions of people while concentrating on either socially relevant cues (for example, trying to form an impression of a person based on the description) or more socially neutral information (such as noting the order of details in the description). The descriptions were the same in each condition, but people could better remember these statements when given a social motivation.I) The study also found that when subjects thought about and later recalled descriptions in terms of their informational content, regions associated with factual memory, such as the medial temporal lobe, became active. But thinking about or remembering descriptions in terms of their social meaning activated the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex—part of the brain s social network—even as traditional memory regions registered low levels of activity. More recently, as he reported in a 2012 review, Lieberman has discovered that this region may be part of a distinct network involved in socially motivated learning and memory. Such findings, he says, suggest that "this network can be called on to process and store the kind of information taught in school—potentially giving students access to a range of untapped mental powers."J) If humans are generally geared to recall details about one another, this pattern is probably even more powerful among teenagers who are very attentive to social details: who is in, who is out, who likes whom, who is mad at whom. Their desire for social drama is not—or not only—a way of distracting themselves from theirschoolwork or of driving adults crazy. It is actually a neurological (神经的) sensitivity, initiated by hormonal changes. Evolutionarily speaking, people in this age group are at a stage in which they can prepare to find a mate and start their own family while separating from parents and striking out on their own. To do this successfully, their brain prompts them to think and even obsess about others.K) Yet our schools focus primarily on students as individual entities. What would happen if educators instead took advantage of the fact that teens are powerfully compelled to think in social terms? In Social, Lieberman lays out a number of ways to do so. History and English could be presented through the lens of the psychological drives of the people involved. One could therefore present Napoleon in terms of his desire to impress or Churchill in terms of his lonely gloom. Less inherently interpersonal subjects, such as math, could acquire a social aspect through team problem solving and peer tutoring. Research shows that when we absorb information in order to teach it to someone else, we learn it more accurately and deeply, perhaps in part because we are engaging our social cognition.L) And although anxious parents may not welcome the notion, educators could turn adolescent recklessness to academic ends. "Risk taking in an educational context is a vital skill that enables progress and creativity," wrote Sarah-Jayne Blakemore, a cognitive neuroscientist at University College London, in a review published last year. Yet, she noted, many young people are especially unwilling to take risks at school—afraid that one low test score or poor grade could cost them a spot at a selective university. We should assure such students that risk, and even peer pressure, can be a good thing—as long as it happens in the classroom and not in the car.36. It is thought probable that the human brain is particularly good at picking up socially important information.37. It can be concluded from experiments that the presence of peers increases risk-taking by adolescents and youth.38. Students should be told that risk-taking in the classroom can be something positive.39. The urge of finding a mate and getting married accounts for adolescents greater attention to social interactions.40. According to Steinberg, the presence of peers increases the speed and effectiveness of teenagers learning.41. Teenagers parents are often concerned about negative peer influence.42. Activating the brain s social network involved in socially motivated learning and memory may allow students to tap unused mental powers.43. The presence of peers intensifies the feeling of rewards in teens brains.44. When we absorb information for the purpose of imparting it to others, we do so with greater accuracy and depth.45. Some experts are suggesting that we turn peer influence to good use in education.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The Ebro Delta, in Spain, famous as a battleground during the Spanish Civil War, is now the setting for a different contest, one that is pitting rice farmers against two enemies: the rice-eating giant apple snail, and rising sea levels. What happens here will have a bearing on the future of European rice production and the overall health of southern European wetlands.Located on the Mediterranean just two hours south of Barcelona, the Ebro Delta produces 120 million kilograms of rice a year, making it one of the continent s most important rice-growing areas. As the sea creeps into these fresh-water marshes, however, rising salinity (盐分) is hampering rice production. At the same time, this sea-water also kills off the greedy giant apple snail, an introduced pest that feeds on young rice plants. The most promising strategy has become to harness one foe against the other.The battle is currently being waged on land, in greenhouses at the University of Barcelona. Scientists working under the banner "Project Neurice" are seeking varieties of rice that can withstand the increasing salinity without losing the absorbency that makes European rice ideal for traditional Spanish and Italian dishes."The project has two sides," says Xavier Serrat, Neurice project manager and researcher at the University of Barcelona, "the short-term fight against the snail, and a mid- to long-term fight against climate change. But the snail has given the project greater urgency."Originally from South America, the snails were accidentally introduced into the Ebro Delta by Global Aquatic Technologies, a company that raised the snails for fresh-water aquariums (水族馆), but failed to prevent their escape. For now, the giant apple snail s presence in Europe is limited to the Ebro Delta. But the snail continues its march to new territory, says Serrat. "The question is not whether it will reach other rice-growing areas of Europe, but when."Over the next year and a half investigators will test the various strains of salt-tolerant rice they ve bred. In 2018, farmers will plant the varieties with the most promise in the Ebro Delta and Europe s other two main rice-growing regions—along the Po in Italy, and France s Rhone. A season in the field will help determine which, if any,of the varieties are ready for commercialization.As an EU-funded effort, the search for salt-tolerant varieties of rice is taking place in all three countries. Each team is crossbreeding a local European short-grain rice with a long-grain Asian variety that carries the salt-resistant gene. The scientists are breeding successive generations to arrive at varieties that incorporate salt tolerance but retain about 97 percent of the European rice genome (基因组).46. Why does the author mention the Spanish Civil War at the beginning of the passage?A) It had great impact on the life of Spanish rice farmers.B) It is of great significance in the records of Spanish history.C) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are waging a battle of similar importance.D) Rice farmers in the Ebro Delta are experiencing as hard a time as in the war.47. What may be the most effective strategy for rice farmers to employ in fighting their enemies?A) Striking the weaker enemy first.B) Killing two birds with one stone.C) Eliminating the enemy one by one.D) Using one evil to combat the other.48. What do we learn about "Project Neurice"?A) Its goals will have to be realized at a cost.B) It aims to increase the yield of Spanish rice.C) Its immediate priority is to bring the pest under control.D) It tries to kill the snails with the help of climate change.49. What does Neurice project manager say about the giant apple snail?A) It can survive only on southern European wetlands.B) It will invade other rice-growing regions of Europe.C) It multiplies at a speed beyond human imagination.D) It was introduced into the rice fields on purpose.50. What is the ultimate goal of the EU-funded program?A) Cultivating ideal salt-resistant rice varieties.B) Increasing the absorbency of the Spanish rice.C) Introducing Spanish rice to the rest of Europe.D) Popularizing the rice crossbreeding technology.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Photography was once an expensive, laborious ordeal reserved for life s greatest milestones. Now, the only apparent cost to taking infinite photos of something as common as a meal is the space on your hard drive and your dining companion s patience.But is there another cost, a deeper cost, to documenting a life experience instead of simply enjoying it? "You hear that you shouldn t take all these photos and interrupt the experience, and it s bad for you, and we re not living in the present moment," says Kristin Diehl, associate professor of marketing at the University of Southern California Marshall School of Business.Diehl and her fellow researchers wanted to find out if that was true, so they embarked on a series of nine experiments in the lab and in the field testing people s enjoyment in the presence or absence of a camera. The results, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, surprised them. Taking photos actually makes people enjoy what they re doing more, not less."What we find is you actually look at the world slightly differently, because you re looking for things you want to capture, that you may want to hang onto," Diehl explains. "That gets people more engaged in the experience, and they tend to enjoy it more."Take sightseeing. In one experiment, nearly 200 participants boarded a double-decker bus for a tour of Philadelphia. Both bus tours forbade the use of cell phones but one tour provided digital cameras and encouraged people to take photos. The people who took photos enjoyed the experience significantly more, and said they were more engaged, than those who didn t.Snapping a photo directs attention, which heightens the pleasure you get from whatever you re looking at, Diehl says. It works for things as boring as archaeological (考古的) museums, where people were given eye-tracking glasses and instructed either to take photos or not. "People look longer at things they want to photograph," Diehl says. They report liking the exhibits more, too.To the relief of Instagrammers (Instagram用户) everywhere, it can even make meals more enjoyable. When people were encouraged to take at least three photos while they ate lunch, they were more immersed in their meals than those who weren t told to take photos.Was it the satisfying click of the camera? The physical act of the snap? No, they found; just the act of planning to take a photo—and not actually taking it—had the same joy-boosting effect. "If you want to take mental photos, that works the same way," Diehl says. "Thinking about what you would want to photograph also gets you moreengaged."51. What does the author say about photo-taking in the past?A) It was a painstaking effort for recording life s major events.B) It was a luxury that only a few wealthy people could enjoy.C) It was a good way to preserve one s precious images.D) It was a skill that required lots of practice to master.52. Kristin Diehl conducted a series of experiments on photo-taking to find out _______.A) what kind of pleasure it would actually bring to photo-takersB) whether people enjoyed it when they did sightseeingC) how it could help to enrich people s life experiencesD) whether it prevented people enjoying what they were doing53. What do the results of Diehl s experiments show about people taking pictures?A) They are distracted from what they are doing.B) They can better remember what they see or do.C) They are more absorbed in what catches their eye.D) They can have a better understanding of the world.54. What is found about museum visitors with the aid of eye-tracking glasses?A) They come out with better photographs of the exhibits.B) They focus more on the exhibits when taking pictures.C) They have a better view of what are on display.D) They follow the historical events more easily.55. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A) It is better to make plans before taking photos.B) Mental photos can be as beautiful as snapshots.C) Photographers can derive great joy from the click of the camera.D) Even the very thought of taking a photo can have a positive effect.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去，拥有一辆私家车对大部分中国人而言是件奢侈的事。

2018年6月大学英语六级考试仔细阅读真题解析（卷二）Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago Twenty years agoIn their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau, which found that average household income rose by % in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that: 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance; and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth in consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the . and France in 2005.In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the ., making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours; they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like; and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the . Because of these differences, comparing France’s consumption with the .’s overstates the gap ineconomic welfare.Similar calculations can be used to compare the . and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of . levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy’s performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the . had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007, economic welfare in the . has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of life changes could be incorporated—for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates.全文翻译及命题分析从经济上讲，我们的生活比十年前或二十年前更好吗评论员从美国人口普查局最新的一份报告着手，渴望在这个问题上找到证据。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（二）作文1.For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150 words hut no more than 200 words.The Importance of Building Trust Between Businesses and CustomersIt is universally acknowledged that trust is the most beautiful language of mankind. It infiltrates in every aspect of our lives, like an invisible hand controlling people’ s thoughts and behaviors. Besides, trust and honesty are the fundamental business principles. In the atmosphere of commercialization, building trust between businesses and customers is of even more overriding importance.For one thing, trust can serve as the foundation for commercial activities and make great contributions to the development of business. With reliable and high-quality products and services provided by the businesses, customers will be satisfied, willing to trust the businessesand become more likely to spend. In this way, businesses will obtain higher profits and then redouble their efforts to keep improving product quality. For another, trust is often a touchstone of businesses’ honesty. If businesses violate the principle of trust and honesty just for short-term profits, disturbing the order of market economy, they will definitely lose their customers and suffer severe punishment. For instance, Sanlu milk powder incident is a typical example of violating mutual trust. The scandal prompted a national recall of Sanlu dairy products, shook consumers’ confidence and devastated the brand.In conclusion, the trust between businesses and customers is of vital importance, and it is imperative to build trust between the two sides.解析：这是一篇议论文写作。

. WORD 格式整理 . .Part I Writing (30 minutes )Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importanceof writing ability and how to develop it.You should write at l east 120 words but no more than180words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes )Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear threenews reports. At the end of eachnews report, youwill hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through thecentre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard .1.A)Annoyed. B)Scared.C)Confused.D)Offended.2.A) It crawled over the woman's hands.B) It wound up on the steering wheel .C)It was killed by the police on the spot.D)It was covered with large scales.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard .3. A) A study of the fast-food service.B) Fast food customer satisfaction .C)McDonald's new business strategies.D)Competition in the fast-food industry.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .4. A) Customers' higher demands. B) The inefficiency of employees. C) Increased variety ofproducts. D) The rising number of customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you havejust heard.5. A) International treaties regarding space travel programs. B) Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration . C) U.S. government's approval of private space missions. D) Competition among public and private space companies.6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon. B) A pprove a new mission to travel into outer space. C) Work with federal agencies on space programs.D) Launch a manned spacecraf t to Mars. 7. A) It is significant. B) It is promising . C) It is unpredicta ble . D) It is unprofitab le .Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation , you will hear four questions. Both the conversationandthe questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must c hoose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through th e centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on theconversationyou have just heard.8.A) Visiting her familyin Thailand. B) Showingfriends around Phuket. C)Swimming around a Thaiisland. D) Lying in thesun on a Thai beach.9.A) She visited a Thaiorphanage. B) She met aThai girl's parents. C)She learned some Thaiwords. D) She sunbathed ona Thai beach.10.A) His class will start in a minute.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .B)H e has got an incoming phone call.C)Someone is knocking at his door.D)His phone is running out of power.11. A) He is interested in Thai artworks.B) He is going to open a souvenir shop.C)He collects things from different countries.D)He wants to know more about Thai culture.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard .12. A) Buying some fitness equipment for the new gym.B)O pening a gym and becoming personal trainers.C)Signing up for a weight-loss course.D)Trying out a new gym in town.13.A) Professionalpersonal training. B) Freeexercise for the first week.C) A discount for a half-year membership.D)Additional benefits foryoung couples. 14. A) Thesafety of weight-lifting.B)T he high membership fee.C) The renewal of his membership.D) The operation of fitness equipment.15. A) She wants her invitation renewed.B)S he used to do 200 sit-ups every day.C)She knows the basics of weight-lifting.D)She used to be the gym's personal trainer.Section CDirections : In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each p assage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark the c orresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard .16. A) They tend to be nervous during interviews.B)T hey often apply for a number of positions.C)They worry about the results of their applications.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .D) They search extensively for employers' information.17. A) Get better organized .B)E dit their references.C)Find better-paid jobs.D)Analyze the searchingprocess. 18. A) Providetheir data in detail.B) Personalize each application .C) Make use of better search engines.D) Apply for more promising positions.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard .19.A) If kids did not like school, real learningwould not take place. B) If not forced to go toschool, kids would be out in the streets.C) If schools stayed the way they are, parents were sure to protest .D)If teaching failed to improve, kids would stayaway from school. 20. A) Allow them to playinteresting games in class.B) Try to stir up their interest in lab experiments.C)Let them stay home and learn from their parents.D)Design activities they now enjoydoing on holidays. 21. A) Allow kids tolearn at their own pace.B)E ncourage kids to learn from each other.C)Organize kids into various interest groups.D)Take kids out of school to learn at first hand.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard .22. A) It is especially popular in Florida and Alaska.B) It is a major social activity among the young.C) It is seen almost anywhere and on any occasion.D) It is even more expressive than the written word.23. A) It is located in a big city in Iowa.B) It is really marvelous to look at.C)It offers free dance classes to seniors.D)It offers people a chanceto socialize. 24. A) Theirstate of mind improved.B)T hey became better dancers.C)They enjoyed better health.D) Their relationship strengthened .. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .25.A) Itis fun. B)It is life.C) It isexhausting. D)It isrhythmical.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40minutes )Section ADirectio ns : In this section, there is a passage withten blanks. You are required to select one word foreach blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making yourchoices. Each choice in the bank is identifiedby a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Thingsare not as bad asthey once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worstcity in the United States for levels of 26 . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, anart museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of the Pacific Oceanblurred by the haze( 霾 ). Nor is the state's bad air 27 to its south. Fresno, in the centralvalley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents' heartsandlungsare affectedas a 28 . All of which, combinedwith California'sreputation as the home oftechnological 29 , makes the place ideal for developing andtesting systems designed tomonitor pollutionin 30 . And that isjust what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has beendoing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring stations that are 31 to yield minute-to-minu te maps of 32 air pollution . Such stations will also be able to keep aneye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices. To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google's Street View system. Davida He rzl, Aclima'sboss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco's transit workerswent on strike and the city's 34 were forced to us e their cars. Conversely, "cycle to work"days have done their job by 35 pollution lows. A) assisted B) collaborating C) consequence D) consumers E) creating F) det ail G) domestic H) frequently I) inhabitants J) innovatio n K) intended L) ou tdoor M) pollutantsN) restric ted O) sum. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .Section BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached toit. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify theparagraph from which the informationis derived. You ma y choose a paragraph more thanonce.Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer thequestions by marking thecorresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.As Tourists Crowd Out Locals , Venice Faces 'Endangered' ListA)O n a recent fall morning, a large crowd blocked thesteps at one of Venice' s main touristsites, the RialtoBridge. The Rialto Bridge is one of the four bridges spanning the Grand Canal.It is the oldest bridge across the canal , and was the dividing line between the districts of SanMarco and San Polo. But on thi s day, there was a twist : it was filled with Venetians, nottourists.B)"People are cheering and holding their carts in the air," says Giovanni Giorgio, who helped organize the march with a grass-roots organization called Gener azione '90. The carts herefers to are small shopping carts —the symbol of a true Venetian. "It started as a joke," hesays with a laugh."The idea was to put blades on the wheels! You know? Like Ben Hur.Preciselylike that, you just go around and run people down."C) Venice is one of the hottest tourist destinations in the world. But that's a p roblem. Up to90,000 tourists crowd its streets and canals every day — far outn umbering the 55,000 permanent residents. The tourist increase is one key reason the city's population is downfrom 175,000 in the 1950s. The outnumbered Venetians have been steadily fleeing. Andthose who stick around are tired of living in a place where they can't even get to the marketwithout swimming through a sea of picture-snapping tourists. Imagine,navigating through50, 000 people while on the way toschool or to work.D)Laura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, says the local and national gove rnments havefailed to do anything about the crowds for decades, because they're only interested in tourism —the primaryindustry in Venice,worth more than $3 billion in 2015. "Venice isa cash cow ,"she says,"and everyone wants apiece."E) Just beyond St. Mark's Square, a cruise ship passes, one of hundreds every year thatappear over their medieval( 中世纪的) surroundings. Their massivewake creates waves atthe bottom ofthe sea, weakening the foundations of the centuries-old buildings themselves."Every time I see a cruise ship, I feel sad," Chigi says."You see the mud itdrags; the destruction it leaves in its wake? That hurts the ancient wooden poles holding up the cityunderwater. One day we'll see Ve nice break down."F)F or a time, UNESCO, the cultural wing of the United Nations, seemed to ag ree. Two yearsago, it put Italy on notice, saying the government was not prot. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .ecting Venice. UNESCOconsiders the entire city a World Heritage Site, a greathonor that means Venice, at thecultural level, belongs toall of the world's people. In 2014, UNESCO gave Italy two years tomanage Venice's flourishing tourism or the city would be placed on another list —WorldHeritage In Danger, joining such sites as Aleppo and Palmyra, destroyed by the war in Syria.G) Venice's deadline passed withbarely a murmur( 嘟哝) this summer, just as UNESCO wasmeeting inIstanbul. Only one representativ e , Jad Tabet from Lebanon, triedto raise theissue."For several years, the situation of heritage in Venice has been worsening, and it hasnow reached a dramaticsituation," Tabet toldUNESCO."We have to act quickly — there isnot a moment to waste."H) But UNESCO didn't even hold a vote."It's been postponed until 2017," says Anna Somers,the founder and CEO of The Art Newspaper and the former head of Venice in Peril, a group devoted torestoring Venetian art. She says the main reason the U.N. cultural organizationdidn'tvote to declare Venice a World Heritage Site In Danger isbecause UNESCO hasbecome "intensely politicized. There would have been some back-roomnegotiations."I) Italy boasts more UNESCO World Heritage Sites than any other country in the world,granting it considerablepower and influence within theorganization. The former head of theUNESCO World Heritage Centre, which oversees heritage sites, is Francesco Bandarin, aVenetian who now serves as UNESCO's assista nt director -general for culture.J) Earlier this year, Italy signed an accordwith UNESCO to establish atask force of police artdetectives andarchaeologists ( 考古学家) to prote ct cultural heritage from natural disastersand terr or groups, suc h as ISIS. The accor d underlined Italy's glob al reputat ion as a goodstewar d of art and culture. K) But adding Venice to the UNESCO endangered list — which is dominated by sites indeveloping and conflic t -ridden countries — would be an international e mbarrassmen t , andcould even hurt Italy's profita ble tourism industry. The Italian Culture Ministry says it is unaware of any government efforts to pres s ure UNESCO. As for the organization itself, it declin ed a reques t for an int er view . L) The city's current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro, has ridiculed UNESCO and told it to mind its ownbusiness, while continuing to support the cruise ship industry, which employs 5,000 Veniceresidents. M) As for Venetians, they're beyond frustrated and hoping for a solutio n soo n. "It's a nightma re for me. Some situations are really difficult with tourists aro und," says Giorgio ashe navigates around a swelling crowd at the Rialto Bridg e. "There are just so many of them.They never know where they are going, and do not walk in an order ly manner. Navigatingthe streets can be exhausting." . .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .N) Then it hits him: This crowd isn't made up of tourists. They're Venetians. G iorgio says he'snever experienc ed the Rialto Bridge this way in all his 22 yea rs . "For once, we are the oneswho are blocking the traffic," he says delightedly. "It feels unreal. It feels like we're someform of endangered species . It's just nice. The feeling is just pure." But, he worries, iftourism isn't managed and hi s fellow locals continue to move to the mainland, his generationmight be the l ast who can call themselves native Venetians. 36. The passing cruise ships will undermine the foundations of the ancient b uildings inVenice. 37. The Italian government has just reached an agreement with UNESCO to t ake measures to protect its cultural heritage. 38. The heritage situation in Venice has been deteriorating in the past few ye ar s. 39. The decrease in the number of permanent residents in Venice is mainly due to theincrease of tourists. 40. If tourism gets out of contr ol , native Venetians may desert the city altog ether one day. 41. UNESCO urged the Italian government to undertake its responsibility to p rotect Venice.42. The participants in the Venetian march used shoppingcarts to show they were 100% localresidents.43. Ignoring UNESCO's warning, the mayor of Venice maintains his support of the city'stourism industry.44. One woman says that for decades the Italiangovernment and local author ities have onlyfocused on the revenues from tourism.45.UNESCO has not yet decided to put Venice on the listof World Heritage Si tes In Danger.Section CDirections : There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on thebest choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet2 with a single line through the cen tre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage .Living in an urban area with green spaces has a long- lasting positive impact on people's mental well-being, a study has suggested. UK researchers foundmoving to a green spacehad a sustained positive effect, unlike pay rises orpromotions, which only provided a short-term boost . Co-author Mathew Whit . .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .e, from the University of Exeter, UK, explained that thestudy showed people living in greener urban areas were displaying fewersigns of depressionoranxiet y . "There could be a number of reasons," he said,"for example,people do many things to make themselves happier: they striv efor promotion or pay rises,or they get married. But the trouble with those things is that within six months to a year,people are back to their original baseline levels of well-being. So, these things are notsustainable; they don't make us happy in the long term. We found that for some lottery ( 彩票) winners who had won more than ￡500,000 the positive effect was definitely there, butafter six months to a year, they were backto the baseline."Dr. White said his team wanted to see whetherliving in greener urban areashad a lastingpositive effect on people's sense of well-being orwhether the effect also disappeared after aperiod of time. To do this, the team used data from the British Household Panel Surveycompiled by theUniversity of Essex.Explaining what the datarevealed, he said:"What you see is that even after threeyears, mental health is still better, which is unlike many other things that we think will make ushappy." He observedthat people living in green spaces were less stressed, and less stressedpeople made more sensible decisions and communicated better.With a growing bodyof evidence establishing a linkbetweenurban greenspaces and apositive impact on human well-being, Dr. White said,"There's growing interest among publicpolicy officials,but the trouble is who funds it. What we really need at a policy level is todecidewhere the money will come from to help support good qualitylocal greenspaces."46. According to one study, what do green spaces do to people?A) Improve their work efficiency .B) Add to their sustained happiness.C)Help them build a positive attitude towards life.D)Lessen their concerns about material well-being.47.What does Dr. White say people usually do to makethemselves happier? A) Earn more money.B) Settle in an urban area.C) Gain fame and popularity .D) Live in a green environment .48. What does Dr. White try to find out about living in a greener urban area?A) How it affects different people.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .B)H ow strong its positive effect is.C)How long its positive effect lasts.D)How it benefits people physically.49. What did Dr. White's research reveal about people livingin a greenenvironment ?A) Their stress wasmoreapparentthanreal.B) Their decisionsrequired less deliberation .C) Their memories were greatly strengthened .D)Their communication with others improved.50.According to Dr. White, what should the governmentdo to build more gre en spaces incities?A) Find financial support.B) Improve urban planning.C) Involve local residents in the effort.D) Raise public awareness of the issue .Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage .You probably know about the Titanic, but it was actually just one of three state-of-the-art ( 先进的) ocean ships back in the day. The Olympic class ships were built by the Harland &Wolff ship makers in Northern Ireland for theWhite Star Line company. The Olympic classincluded the Olympic, the Britannicand the Titanic. What you may not know is that the Titanicwasn't even theflagship of this class.All in all, the Olympic class ships were marvels ofseaengineering, but they seemed cursed to suffer disastrous fates.The Olympic launched first in 1910, followed by the Titanic in 1911, and lastlythe Britannic in1914. The ships had nine decks, and White Star Line decidedto focus on making them themost luxurious ships on the water.Stretching 269.13 meters, the Olympic class ships werewonders of naval technology, andeveryone thought that they would continue to beso for quite some time. However, allsuffered terrible accidents on theopen seas. The Olympic got wrecked before the Titanic did,but it was the onlyone to survive andmaintain a successful career of 24 years. The Titanicwasthe first to sink aft erfamously hitting a huge iceberg in 1912. Following this disaster ,the Britannic hit a naval mine in 1916 andsubsequently sank as well.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .Each ship was coal-powered by several boilers constantly kept running by exhausted crewsbelow deck. Most recognizable of the ship designs are the ship's smoke stacks, but thefourth stack was actually just artistic in nature andserved no functional purpose. While twoof these ships sank, they were all de signed with double hulls ( 船体) believed to make them"unsinkable", perhaps a mistaken idea that led to the Titanic's and the Britannic's tragic end.The Olympic suffered two crashes with other ships and went on to serve as ahospital ship andtroop transport in World War I. Eventually, she was taken out of service in 1935, ending theera of the luxurious O lympic class ocean liners.51.What does the passage say about the threeOlympic class ships? A) They performed marvellouslyon the sea.B) They could all break the ice in their way.C) They all experienced terrible misfortunes.D) They were models of modern engineering.52. What did White Star Line have in mind when it purchased the three ships?A) Their c apacity of sailing across all waters.B) The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.C) Their ability to survive disasters of any kind.D)The long voyages they were able toundertake. 53. What is said about thefourth stack of the ships?A) It was a mere piece of decoration .B)I t was the work of a famous artist.C)It was designed to let out extra smoke.D) It was easily identifiable from afar.54. What might have led to the tragic end of the Titanic and the Britannic?A) Their u nscientific designs.B) Their captains' misjudgment .C) The assumption that they were built with the latest technology.D) The belief that they could never sink with a double- layer body.55.What happened to the ship Olympicin the end? A) She was used to carrytroops.B) She was sunk in World War I.C) She was converted into ahospital ship. D) She wasretired after her naval service.. .专业知识分享 . .. WORD 格式整理 . .Part IVTranslation(30 minutes )Directions : For this part, you are allowed 30 minutesto translate apassage from Chineseinto English. You should write your answer onAnswerSheet 2.公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。

2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二）目录2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（二） (1)快速对答案 (16)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions: For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between businesses and consumers.You can cite examples to illustrate your views.you should write at least150words but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

目录2018年6月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版) (1)答案 (16)2018年6月大学英语四级真题试题二(完整版)Part I Writing (30 minutes) (请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an a short easy on the importance of speaking ability and how to develop it.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Questions 1 to 2 are based on the new report you have just heard.1.A) Annoyed. C) Confused.B)Scared. D) Offended.2. A) It crawled over the woman’s hands.B) It wound up on the steering wheel.C) It was killed by the police on the spot.D) It was covered with large scales.Questions 3 to 4 are based on the new report you have just heard.3. A) A study of the fast-food service.B) Fast food customer satisfaction.C) McDonald’s new business strategies.D) Competition in the fast-food industry.4. A) Customers' higher demands.B)The inefficiency of employees.C) Increased variety of products.D) The rising number of customers.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the new report you have just heard.5. A) International treaties regarding space travel programs.B)Legal issues involved in commercial space exploration.C)U. S. government’s approval of private space missions.D)Competition among public and private space companies.6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon.B)Approve a new mission to travel into outer space.C)Work with federal agencies on space programs.D)Launch a manned spacecraft to Mars.7.A) It is significant.B)It is promising.C)It is unpredictable.D)It is unprofitable.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard。

2018年6月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解（第2套）Part I Writing审题思路：这是一篇六级考试中常见的议论文。

此次话题——师生间的信任是考生非常熟悉的话题，因此写起来有话可说。

考生应该将重点放在第二段具体阐述建立师生间信任的重要性上。

学生如果信任老师，他们会喜欢学习；老师如果信任学生，他们会更主动地帮组学生。

另外，师生间的信任不是一朝一夕能够建立起来的，者需要双方的共同努力。

全文翻译：师生间建立信任的重要性良好的师生关系会对孩子的发展产生重大影响，而信任对维持这种关系至关重要且不可或缺。

首先，只有当学生信任老师时，他或她才愿意向老师学习或指望得到老师的指导和支持。

在现实中，很多学生仅仅因为不喜欢老师就厌学甚至辍学，这可能会改变他们的整个人生。

其次，一个充分信任自己学生的老师会更主动地帮助学生提高学习意识和主动性，这反过来又会使学生最受益。

然而，师生间的信任并非一朝一夕能够建立起来的。

一方面，老师应该理解学生的实际需求，及时提供帮助。

另一方面，学生应该始终尊重他们的老师。

总而言之，师生间的信任是实现有效教学的必要条件。

Part II Listening ComprehensionSection AConversation OneM:Tonight we have a special guest from the local establishment,the Parisian Café.Welcome!W：Hi,thanks for have a meal on your show.M：Thank you for joining us.（1）So please tell us,why do decide to open a café?W：Well，we saw the opportunity to offer something a little special and different from other establishments.Cafe certainly are a very competitive market sector.(2)There are more than plenty in our city,and we felt they are all rather similar to each other.Wouldn’t you agree？M：Certainly yes.So how is your establishment any different？W：Well,since people,we have rabbits wandering freely on the place.Our customers come in and enjoy their food and drinks while little rabbit play about and brush against their legs.There is no other place like it.M：That’s amazing!How do you come up with the idea?W：We saw other cafes with cats in them.So we thought,why not rabbit?People love the rabbits.They are very cute animals.M：But it is safe?Do the rabbit ever bite people?Or do any customer ever hurt the rabbits?W：It’s perfectly safe for both rabbits and our customers.Rabbits are very peaceful and certainly do not bite.(3)Furthermore, our rabbits are regularly cleaned and have all received the required shouts.So there is no health risk whatsoever.(4)As for our customers,they are all animal lovers,so they would never try to hurt the rabbits.Sometimes a young child may get over-excited,and they are a little too rough,but it’s never a serious matter.On the contrary,the Parisian Caféoffersa great experience for children,a chance for them to learn about rabbits and how to take care of them.M：Well it’s certainly the first time I’ve heard of a cafélike that.Questions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.未听先知：预览四道题各选项，由反复出现的café和customers等词可以初步推测，对话内容与咖啡有关；再结合animal、pets、breeds、rabbits和her café等词可以进一步推测，对话中的女士拥有一个咖啡馆，且其咖啡馆与动物有关。

2018年6月六级第二套真题参考答案(完整版)Part Ⅰ WritingThe Importance of Building Trust Between Teachers and StudentsA good relationship between a teacher and a student can have a major influence on a kid's development, and trust is crucial and indispensable in maintaining the relationship.To begin with, only when a student believes in his or her teacher is he or she willing to learn from the teacher or look to the teacher for guidance and support. In reality, too many students are weary of study and even drop out of school only because they dislike their teachers, which may transform their whole life. Besides, a teacher who has the full trust of his or her students is more motivated to help them improve the consciousness and initiative of learning, which in turn benefits the students most. However, the credibility between teachers and students is not something that can be built in a day. On the one hand, teachers should comprehend the students' actual demands and offer timely help. On the other hand, students should always be respectful to their teachers.All in all, trust in a teacher-student relationship is a must to achieve effective teaching an learning.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension1. D) She is the owner of a special café.2. A) They bear a lot of similarities.3. A) By giving them regular cleaning and injections.4. C) They love the animals in her café.5. D) It is mostly garbage.6. B) TV commercials.7. C) Trying to trick children into buying their products.8. B) They seldom had junk food.9. C) Tombs of ancient rulers.10. B) It is hardly associated with great civilizations.11. A) It carries about one fifth of the world's fresh water.12. B) We are always in a rush to do various things.13. C) She was accustomed to tight schedules.14. D) Reading a book about slowing down.15. B) She came to enjoy doing everyday tasks.16. C) They pose a threat to the local ecosystem.17. D) Their distinctions are artificial.18. A) Only a few of them cause problems to native species.19. A) Respect their traditional culture.20. C) Drinking alcohol on certain days of a month.21. D) They have a break from 2:00 to 5:30 p.m.22. A) He completely changed the company's culture.23. B) Its articles should be short and inspiring.24. D) He treated the employees like members of his family.25. C) Several hundred of its employees got fired.Part III Reading Comprehension26-35: KCMEH ANIFL36-45: CHAKE IGBFD46-55: ACDAB BACCDPart IV TranslationChina now has the largest and fastest high-speed rail network in the world. The speed of the CRH (China Railway High-Speed) train will continue to increase and more cities will build high-speed rail stations, The CRH train has greatly reduced people's travel time. Compared with the airplane, the outstanding advantage of the CRH train is punctuality, because it is basically not affected by weather or traffic control. It has transformed the way people live and become the favorite option for business travelers today. More and more people also travel by CRH train during holidays. Many young people choose to work in one city but live in a nearby one since they can commute by CRH train every day.。