2013真题材料B卷

2023年一级造价师之建设工程技术与计量（土建）强化训练试卷B卷附答案单选题（共30题）1、（2013年真题）关于土石方填筑正确的意见是（）。

A.不宜采用同类土填筑B.从上至下填筑土层的透水性应从小到大C.含水量大的黏土宜填筑在下层D.硫酸盐含量小于5%的土不能使用【答案】 B2、某路堑的开挖，路堑较长、较深、两端地面纵坡较小，可用的开挖方法为（）A.分层纵挖法B.分段纵挖法C.通道纵挖法D.混合式挖掘法【答案】 C3、（2010年真题）在城市道路上，人行天桥宜设置在（）。

A.重要建筑物附近B.重要城市风景区附近C.商业网点集中的地段D.旧城区商业街道【答案】 C4、（2010年真题）根据混凝土结构工程施工及验收规范，直径为d的I级钢筋做受力筋，两端设有弯钩，弯钩增加长为4.9d，其弯起角度应是（）。

A.90oB.120oC.135oD.180o【答案】 C5、（2018年真题）用于隧洞喷锚支护的锚杆，其安设方向一般应垂直于（）。

A.开挖面B.断层面C.裂隙面D.岩层面【答案】 D6、有一建筑，外墙厚370mm，中心线总长80m，内墙厚240mm，净长线总长为35m。

底层建筑面积为600㎡，室内外高差0.6m。

地坪厚度100mm，已知该建筑基础挖土量为1000m3，室外设计地坪以下埋设物体积450m3，则该工程的余土外运量为（）m3。

A.212.8B.269.0C.169.0D.112.8【答案】 C7、（2014年真题）路基石方开挖，在高作业面施工时为保证爆破岩石块度均匀，常采用的装药形式为（）。

A.集中药包B.分散药包C.药壶药包D.坑道药包【答案】 B8、工程地质勘察作为一项基础性工作，（）对工程造价起着决定作用。

A.勘查资料的准确性B.特殊不良地质的测算C.选择工程地质条件有利的路线D.设计人员对勘察资料的判断【答案】 C9、高强混凝土的粗骨料最大公称粒径不应大于（）mm。

A.15B.20C.25D.30【答案】 C10、（2015年真题）静力压桩正确的施工工艺流程是（）。

2013年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)英语第一卷第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1. 5分，满分7. 5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1. What does the man want to do?A.Take photos.B. Buy a camera.C. Help the woman.2. What are the speakers talking about?A. A noisy night.B. Their life in town.C. A place of living.3. Where is the man now?A.On his way.B. In a restaurant.C. At home.4. What will Celia do?A.Find a player.B. Watch a game.C. Play basketball.5. What day is it when the conversation takes place?A. Saturday.B. Sunday.C. Monday.第二节（共15小题；每小题1. 5分，满分22. 5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

6. What is Sara going to do?A. Buy John a gift.B. Give John a surprise.C. Invite John to France.7. What does the man think of Sara‟s plan?A. Funny.B. Exciting.C. Strange.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

2013年国考真题及解析一、单项选择题。

本题共35小题，每小题2分，共70分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个是符合题目要求的。

1．董仲舒新儒学与孔孟儒学在政治学说上的区别是( )。

A．宣扬仁正B．为统治者服务C．神化君主统治D．反对苛政刑杀2．太平天国运动时期的一些领导人，在当时对近代经济制度已经有所认识。

下列选项中能反映这一情况的是( )。

A.“凡分田照人口，不论男妇”B．“所有婚娶弥月喜事，俱用国库”C．“请先开制度局而变法律。

乃有益也”D．“每年纳银若干，有失则保人赔其所值”3．《中华民国临时约法》和美国1787年宪法在中美两国法制建设史上都是具有里程碑意义的文献。

它们的共同之处在于( )。

①体现分权制衡的原则②是资产阶级性质的宪法③规定实行责任内阁制④具有防止专制的进步意义A．①②③④B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④4．20世纪90年代我国推动民主制度建设的主要举措是A．确立人大、政协两会制度B．实行民族区域自治制度C．提出“长期共存，互相监督”D．推行农村基层民主选举制度5．下列关于我国人民代表大会制度的说法，正确的是( )。

①坚持和完善人民代表大会制度的核心。

是坚持党的领导②人民代表大会制度是与我国国体相适应的政权组织形式③人民代表大会制度决定着国家的其他各种具体制度④人民代表大会制度保障了人民直接参与国家管理A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④6．2010年，海地、智利相继发生强烈地震，损失严重。

地震发生后，联合国各机构立即全力开展援助工作。

中国政府迅速做出反应，跨越遥远距离，及时提供援助。

这表明( )。

A．国家间的共同利益是国际合作的基础B．中国支持和参加联合国的各项工作C．维护国际和平与安全是联合国的宗旨D．中国积极履行国际人道主义责任7．中共十四大高度评价了建设有中国特色的社会主义理论，这次大会( )。

A．第一次使用“邓小平理论”这一概念B．对建设中国特色社会主义理论的主要内容做了新概括C．把邓小平理论作为党的指导思想并写入党章D．第一次科学回答了“什么是社会主义，怎样建设社会主义”的问题8．巴黎公社失败的经验教训验证了《共产党宣言》中哪项主张的正确性?( ) A．无产阶级应当建立自己统一的革命政党来领导革命B．无产阶级应当建立本阶级的政权C．无产阶级应该进行暴力革命D．社会主义革命应该在几个发达国家同时进行9．欧共体总部成立、日本经济崛起、不结盟运动会议的召开，这三件事共同反映的问题是( )。

2013年全国统一高考语文试卷（大纲版）一、（12分，每小题3分）1．（3分）下列词语中加点的字，读音全都正确的一组是（）A．女红．（gōng）安土重．迁（zhòng）商埠．（fǔ）花团锦簇．（cù）B．莅．临（lì）大放厥．词（jué）挟．制（xié）蔫．头呆脑（yān）C．懦．弱（nuò）年高德劭．（shāo）两栖．（qī）沁．人心脾（qīn）D．遽．然（jù）精神抖擞．（sǒu）坍．陷（tā）一柱擎．天（qíng）2．（3分）下列各句中，加点的成语使用恰当的一项是（）A．客厅墙上挂着我们全家在桂林的合影，尽管照片有些褪色，但温馨和美的亲情历历在目．．．．．B．为了完成在全国的市场布局，我们三年前就行动了，特别是在营销策略的制订上可谓处心积虑．．．．．C．沉迷网络使小明学习成绩急剧下降，幸亏父母及时发现，并不断求全责备．．．．，他才戒掉了网瘾．D．他在晚会上出神入化．．．．的近景魔术表演，不仅令无数观众惊叹不已，还引发了魔术道具的热销．3．（3分）下列各句中，没有语病的一句是（）A．波士顿马拉松赛的两声爆炸，无疑给大型体育比赛的安保工作敲响了警钟，如何确保赛事安全，成为组织方必须面对的新难题．B．对那些刻苦训练的年轻运动员，即使他们在比赛中偶尔有发挥失常的情况，依然应该受到爱护，绝不能一棍子就把人打倒．C．这次大会的志愿者服务已经完成了，我们咀嚼、体味这一段经历，没有失落感，有的只是在平凡事物中享受奉献、成长与幸福．D．深陷债务危机的希腊和西班牙，失业率已经超过20%，主要是由于这两个国家经济衰退和实施大规模财政紧缩政策所导致的．4．（3分）依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是（）岳麓书院已有一千多年的历史，，，，，，，，特别是各处悬挂的历代楹联，散发出浓郁的文化气息。

①院落格局中轴对称、层次递进②给人一种庄严、幽远的厚重感③它集教学、藏书、祭祀于一体④主体建筑头门、大门、二门、讲堂、御书楼集中于中轴线上⑤门堂、斋、轩、楼、每一处建筑都很古朴⑥讲堂布置在中轴线的中央、斋舍、专祠等排列与两旁。

答案写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效第1页共7页浙江工商大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试卷（B）卷考试科目：432统计学总分：（150分）考试时间：3小时
一.单项选择题（本题包括1—30题共30个小题，每小题2分，共60分。

在每小题给出
的四个选项中，只有一个符合题目要求，把所选项前的字母填在答题纸上）。

1.已知41)()()(=
==C P B P A P ，91)()(,0)(===BC P AC P AB P ，则事件A 、B 、C 都发生的概率为（
）。

A.36
19
B.0
C.
36
17
D.36272.在一次试验中，事件A 发生的概率论为0.7，现进行5次独立重复试验，则A 最多发生1次的概率为（）。

A.0.9976
B.0.0024
C.0.0567
D.0.0591
3.一批产品共有8个正品和2个次品，任意抽取两次，每次抽一个，抽出后不再放回，则第二次抽出的是正品的概率为（）。

A.0.6
B.0.2
C.0.8
D.0.4
4.设随机变量2~(2,3)X N ，且()()P X a P X a >=<，则常数a 为（
）。

A.
0B.
3C.
9D.
25.设随机变量,X Y 的方差都存在，若()()D X Y D X Y +=-，则（
）。

A.
X 与Y 不相关B.
X 与Y 相互独立C.
0DX DY ⋅=D.0
DY =。

2013年浙江省公务员考试《行测》真题B卷-资料分析第四部分资料分析(共20题，参考时限25分钟)所给出的图、表、文字或综合性资料均有5个问题要你回答。

你应根据资料提供的信息进行分析、比较、计算和判断处理。

请开始答题：一、根据下列资料，回答101~105题。

2012年浙江省各市及义乌市GDP初步核算数据101.全省第一产业增加值约占GDP的：A.3.2%B.4.1%C.4.8%D.5.3%102.第二产业增加值占GDP的比重最高的是：A.湖洲市B.宁波市C.嘉兴市D.绍兴市103.全省第三产业增加值第二多的市约是最少的：A.7.6倍B.7.8倍C.10.5倍D.10.9倍104.第一产业增加值可比价增长速度最快的市的第一产业增加值比最慢的市：A.多67亿元B.多2032.99亿元C.少67亿元D.少2032.99亿元105.根据资料，下列表述正确的是：A.各市第三产业增加值可比价增长速度均大于9%B.各市中，宁波市的第一产业增加值最多C.第二产业增加值大于第三产业的市有9个D.杭州市的GDP不足全省的五分之一二、根据下列资料，回答106~110题。

2011年我国全部工业增加值188572亿元。

规模以上工业增加值增长13.9%，在规模以上工业中，国有及国有控股企业增长9.9%;集体企业增长9.3%，股份制企业增长15.8%，外商及港澳台商投资企业增长10.4%;私营企业增长19.5%，轻工业增长13.0%，重工业增长14.3%。

2006-2011年我国全部工业增加值全年规模以上工业中，农副食品加工业增加值比上年增长14.1%，纺织业增长8.3%，通用设备制造业增长17.4%，专用设备制造业增长19.8%，交通运输设备制造业增长12.0%，通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业增长15.9%，电气机械及器材制造业增长14.5%。

六大高耗能行业增加值比上年增长12.3%，其中，非金属矿物制品业增长18.4%，化学原料及化学制品制造业增长14.7%，有色金属冶炼及压延加工业增长13.6%，黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业增长9.7%，电子、热力的生产和供应业增长10.1%，石油加工、炼焦及核燃料加工业增长7.6%。

浙江工商大学2013年硕士研究生入学考试试卷（B卷）考试科目：844 英美文学总分：150分考试时间：3小时Ⅰ.Choose the best answer (40%)1. “It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a goodfortune must be in want of a wife.” This is the beginning of Jane Austen’s .A. Pride and PrejudiceB. Sense and SensibilityC. Mansfield ParkD. Emma2. “April is the cruelest month, breeding/Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing/Memoryand desire, stirring/Dull roots with spring rain.” These lines are from T. S. Eliot’s .A. “The Hollow Men”B. “Ash-Wednesday”C. Four QuartetsD. “The Waste Land”3. English Romanticism, as a historical phase of literature, is generally said to havebegun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s .A. Lyrical BalladsB. “Kubla Khan”C. Don JuanD. Prometheus Unbound4. was composed in a dream after Coleridge took the opium.A. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner ”B. “Kubla Khan”C. “Christabel”D. Biographia Literaria5. Heart of Darkness and Lord Jim are the novels written by .A. Graham SwiftB. Charles DickensC. Joseph ConradD. James Joyce6. All of the following are 20th-Century American Poets except .A. Robert LowellB. Elizabeth BishopC. Emily DickinsonD. Allen Ginsberg7. won the Novel Prize in 1983, and his most representative work is Lord ofthe Flies.A. William GoldingB. E. M. ForsterC. Joseph ConradD. Thomas Hardy8. is the poet who won the Nobel Prize in 1995 and is considered as thegreatest poet in Ireland after Yeats.A. Ted HughesB. Seamus HeaneyC. Dylan ThomasD. Philip Larkin9. Among those greatest figures in “The Lost Generation” or modern American literature are famous poets such as , William Carlos Williams, and Robert Frost.A. Emily DickinsonB. Ezra PoundC. Walt WhitmanD. Ralph Waldo Emerson10. The Golden Notebook is written by , and she is the woman who was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in literature and the oldest ever person to receive the Nobel Prize in Literature.A. Virginia WoolfB. Willa CatherC. Doris LessingD. Antonia Susan Byatt11. “The apparition of these faces in the crowd;/Petals on a wet, black bough.” This is a poem from .A. Robert FrostB. Robert LowellC. Ezra PoundD. Sylvia Plath12. Desire Under the Elms is a drama written by .A. Tennessee WilliamsB. Eugene Glastone O’NeillC. Arthur MillerD. George Bernard Shaw13. is a leading spokesman of the Imagist Movement. For him, the image itself is the speech. The image is the word beyond formulated language.A. William Butler YeatsB. T. S. EliotC. Ezra PoundD. Robert Lee Frost14. The Jazz Age of the 1920s characterized by frivolity and carelessness is broughtvividly to life in .A. The Old Man and the SeaB. The Great GatsbyC. The Sound and the FuryD. The Sun Also Rises15. All of the following are the works by Mark Twain except .A. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s CourtB. The Adventures of Tom SawyerC. Adventures of Huckleberry FinnD. Sister Carrie16. creates in his novels his own mythical kingdom that mirrors not only thedecline of the Southern society but also the spiritual wasteland of the wholeAmerican society.A. F. Scott FitzgeraldB. Ernest HemingwayC. William FaulknerD. John Steinbeck17. The Scarlet Letter and The House of Seven Gables are the novels by .A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Herman MelvilleC. Nathaniel HawthorneD. Stephen Crane18. is written by Emily Dickinson.A. “The Second Coming”B.“She Walks in Beauty”C. “Success is Counted Sweetest”D. “The Red Wheelbarrow”19. , a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the nationalepic of the Anglo-Saxons.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. Gulliver’s TravelsC. The Canterbury TalesD. Beowulf20. was awarded 2001 Nobel Prize in literature, and among his representativeworks are Miguel Street and A House for Mr. Biswas.A. Vidiadhar Surajprasad NaipaulB. Graham SwiftC. Kazuo IshiguroD. John Fowles21. The , which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated bya series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greekculture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and the economic expansion.A. renaissanceB. neoclassicismC. romanticismD. modernism22. Ernest Hemingway was awarded 1954 Nobel Prize in Literature for the novel.A. The Sun Also RisesB. A Farewell to ArmsC. The Old Man and the SeaD. For Whom the Bell Tolls23. Beloved and Song of Solomon are novels written by the African American woman writer .A. Elizabeth BishopB. Sylvia PlathC. Toni MorrisonD. Maya Angelou24. Don Juan, a great comic epic of the early 19th century, is the masterpiece of .A. William WordsworthB. George Gordon ByronC. Percy Bysshe ShelleyD. John Keats25. “O, Wind, /If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?” is from Percy ByssheShelley’s poem “ ”.A. “A Song: Men of England”B. “Ode to the West Wind”C. “Ode on a Grecian Urn”D. “Song for the Luddites”26. Childhood is central to William Blake’s concern in and Songs ofExperience, and this concern gives the two books a strong social and historicalreference.A. Songs for InnocenceB. “The Chimney Sweeper”C. “The Tyger”D. In Memoriam27. In his best novels like The Rainbow and Women in Love, made a boldpsychological exploration of various human relationships, especially those between men and women, with a great frankness.A. D. H. LawrenceB. George EliotC. James JoyceD. Charles Dickens28. Speaking of American Romanticism, we can never ignore New England , which is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the Romantic period in the historyof American literature.A. realismB. imagismC. transcendentalismD. puritanism29. Leaves of Grass is written by .A. Ralph Waldo EmersonB. Walt WhitmanC. Mark TwainD. Henry James30. “The Road Not Taken” and “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” are poemsby .A. Emily DickinsonB. Ezra PoundC. Walt WhitmanD. Robert Frost31. Today Chaucer is regarded as the father of English poetry. His masterpiece is.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales32. The term “metaphysical poetry” is commonly used to name the work of the 17th-century writers who wrote under the influence of .A. Edmund SpenserB. Christopher MarloweC. Francis BaconD. John Donne33. In the field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival ofinterest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as .A. ClassicismB. NeoclassicismC. RomanticismD. Pre-romanticism34. is the representative work of aestheticism by Oscar Wilde, who advocated“art for art’s sake”.A. Lady Windermere’s FanB. The Picture of Dorian GrayC. An Ideal HusbandD. The Importance of Being Earnest35. Henderson the Rain King and Herzog are the novels written by , and hewas awarded 1976 Novel Prize in Literature.A. Arthur MillerB. Joseph HellerC. Louise ErdrichD. Saul Bellow36. “So much depends/upon//a red wheel/barrow//glazed with rain/water//beside thewhite/chickes.” This is a poem by .A. Ezra PoundB. Wallace Carlos WilliamsC. Wallace StevensD. Robert Frost37. The name of Robert Browning is often associated with the term: “ .”A. dramatic monologueB. stream-of –consciousnessC. transcendentalismD. imagism38. James Joyce’s masterpiece, gives the account of three characters’ life duringone day in Dublin.A. DublinersB. Finnegans WakeC. UlyssesD. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man39. Mrs. Dalloway and To the Lighthouse are the works of .A. Virginia WoolfB. James JoyceC. E. M. ForsterD. Doris Lessing40. was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation,and regarded as an early Romantic writer in the American literary history and Father of the American short stories.A. Nathaniel HawthorneB. Ralph Waldo EmersonC. Walt WhitmanD. Washington IrvingⅡ. Define or explain the following terms: (50%)1. American Renaissance2. Realism3. Plot4. Soliloquy5. The "Lost Generation"Ⅲ. Interpretation (60%)1. Read the following poem and write an analysis of about 200 words: (15%)The Soldierby Rupert BrookeIf I should die, think only this of me:That there’s some corner of a foreign fieldThat is for ever England. There shall beIn that rich earth a richer dust concealed;A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam,A boy of England’s, breathing English air,Washed by the rivers, blessed by suns of home.And think, this heart, all evil shed away,A pulse in the eternal mind, no lessGives somewhere back the thoughts by England given;Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day;And laughter, learned of friends; and gentleness,In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.2. Read the following poem and write an analysis of about 200 words: (15%)Driving to Town Late to Mail a Latterby Robert BlyIt is a cold and snowy night. The main street is deserted.The only things moving are swirls of snow.As I lift the mailbox door, I feel its cold iron.There is a privacy I love in this snowy night.Driving around, I will waste more time.3. Read this beginning passage of Mansfield Park by Jane Austen and write a commentary of about 300 words: (30%)About thirty years ago, Miss Maria Ward of Huntingdon, with only seven thousand pounds, had the good luck to captivate Sir Thomas Bertram, of Mansfield Park, in the county of Northampton, and to be thereby raised to the rank of baronet’s lady, with all the comforts and consequences of a handsome house and large income. All Huntingdon exclaimed on the greatness of the match, and her uncle, the lawyer, himself, allowed her to be at least three thousand pounds short of any equitable claim to it. She had two sisters to be benefited by her elevation; and such of their acquaintance as thought Miss Ward and Miss Frances quite as handsome as Miss Maria, did not scruple to predict their marrying with almost equal advantage. But there certainly are not so many men of large fortune in the world, as there are pretty women to deserve them. Miss Ward, at the end of half a dozen years, found herself obliged to be attached to the Rev. Mr. Norris, a friend of her brother-in-law, with scarcely any private fortune, and Miss Frances fared yet worse. Miss Ward’s match, indeed, when it came to the point, was not contemptible, Sir Thomas being happily able to give his friend an income in the living of Mansfield, and Mr. and Mrs. Norris began their career of conjugal felicity with very little less than a thousand a year. But Miss Frances married, in the common phrase, to disoblige her family, and by fixing on a Lieutenant of Marines, without education, fortune, or connections, did it very thoroughly.。

413多省公务员考试笔试真题答案及解析笔试成绩在线估分一、结合给定资料2和给定资料4，分析概括国内部分旅游景区门票经济发展模式产生的原因。

（20分）要求：概括准确，内容全面，条理清晰；不超过300字。

【解题思路】题干要求根据给定资料分析旅游景区门票经济发展模式产生的原因，考生由此可以判定，作答该题需要参考的给定资料范围是资料2和资料4，作答任务是分析门票经济发展模式产生的原因，且答案要达到概括准确，内容全面，条理清晰的要求，作答时要注意把字数控制在300字以内。

阅读材料，可知导致部分旅游景区门票经济发展模式产生的原因主要在于景区的门票依赖，考生按照这方面具体组织答案即可体现条理性。

【参考答案】部分旅游景区门票经济发展模式产生原因在于景区的门票依赖。

具体表现为一是国内旅游需求旺盛，但是景区收入来源单一；二是我国大多数景区在旅游娱乐、深度游等衍生品开发方面滞后，门票提价成为主要的收益方式，尤其在欠发达地区表现为明显，存在利益驱动；三是景区管理机构具有统一的管理权力却没有得到充足的财政支持；四是景区门票定价已普遍市场化，加之政府部门的调控作用有所失灵，观光性旅游消费仍占较大分量导致景区门票较高。

五是我国旅游业发展还处于初级化阶段，各项配套设施等还不完善。

二、给定资料6提到国外旅游景区运营管理的一些做法。

请简要分析这些做法对我们的启示。

（20分）要求：分析到位，言简意赅，具有针对性；不超过400字。

【解题思路】阅读题干，我们知道，本题是一道综合分析题，题目要求回答国外旅游景区运营管理的一些做法对我们的启示这就要求我们要在先归纳国外旅游景区管理的做法的基础之上，总结出启示。

要注意，启示和做法的区别，总结出做法只是步，高屋建瓴地分析出启示才是本题的难点所在。

由题干可知，作答要点集中在给定资料6中。

【参考答案】国外旅游景区运营管理的做法，启发我们必须加大政府对景区的支持和管理力度，具体表现如下：一、加大财政支持和管理力度。