考研-新东方在线独家2013年经济类联考综合能力 逻辑真题答案详细解析

1、按照城市的( )划分，可将城市划分为块状城市、带状城市、星状城市等类型。

A．地理位置B．地形地貌C．内部结构D．平面几何形状标准答案： D解析：考察城市的分类。

按城市平面几何形状，可以将城市划分为块状城市、带状城市、形状城市等。

2、2亿个气味受体细胞，而人类只有2000万个，但我们的嗅觉系统也是相当复杂而专业的，气味分子随气流进入鼻子，通过鼻腔顶端上皮和它的气味受体细胞，这些细胞表面覆盖着能捕捉气味分子的蛋白。

气味受体蛋白共300多种，分别负责不同的气味分子，可以产生大量组合，形成大量的气味模式，。

而且我们的嗅觉很容易训练，短期内可见惊人成效，在实验中，如果暴露在单一的花香中，人只要3分半钟，就能极大提高对这种花香的辨别能力。

填入划横线部分最恰当的一句是（）A．这也就是人类能够辨别1万种不同气味的原因B．这些气味信息直接进入嗅觉皮层还会影响人的情感反应C．因此对人类来讲嗅觉仍是第一大感官知觉D．但是不同的人对这些气味模式的敏感程序有所不同3、当人类社会进入到信息时代，曾有人______，计算机是方块汉字的掘墓人。

然而，事实_____了对汉字的这些偏见和悲观论调。

据统计，现在已有10000多种汉字输入法，无论从速度还是准确率上看，方块汉字的计算机输入丝毫不逊色于拼音文字。

依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是：A．宣称打破 B．断言粉碎C．妄言驳斥 D．预言批判4、下列集体土地的征收中，须经国务院批准的是( )。

A．基本农田10公顷B．林业用地20公顷C．山地30公顷D．荒地50公顷标准答案： A解析：考察必须经过国务院批准方可征收的土地范围。

必须经过国务院批准方可征收的土地：所有的基本农田;基本农田以外的耕地超过35公顷的;其他土地超过70公顷的。

5、收入分配是一系列社会政治经济政策及其相关制度的结果，因此，改革收入分配，其实质就是改革造成收入分配不公平的社会政治经济政策及其相关制度。

收入分配改革，从严格意义而言，并非是“均贫富”的改革，而是使社会政治经济制度更加靠近公平、公正和正义的改革，是为全体社会成员提供平等发展机会的政治经济制度，才有可能形成一个合理的收入分配制度：这段文字主要说明了：A．收入分配改革的实质B．收入分配改革的背景C．什么是真正的社会正D．什么是合理的收入分配制度6、偶然性在心理学中扮演的角色时常被外行人士甚至临床心理从业者忽略。

2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题一、逻辑推理(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分。

单选题。

)1．如果小张来开会，则小李来开会或小赵不来开会。

小李没来开会。

如果上述信息正确，下列哪项一定不正确?A．小张来开会了。

B. 小张没来开会。

C．小赵没来开会。

D．小张和小赵都没来开会。

E．小张和小赵都来开会了。

【答案】：E2. 李娟在教室，除非她接到张凯的短信了。

下列哪项，如果正确，表明上述论断为假?Ⅰ李娟接到了张凯的短信并且在教室。

Ⅱ李娟没有接到张凯的短信并且不在教室。

Ⅲ李娟接到了张凯的短信并且不在教室。

A．只有Ⅰ。

B．只有Ⅱ。

C．只有Ⅲ。

D．只有Ⅱ和Ⅲ。

E．只有Ⅰ和Ⅱ。

【答案】：无答案。

只有李娟在教室并且未收到张凯的短信才能推翻题干论断。

3．所有喜欢数学的学生都喜欢哲学。

如果上述信息正确，则下列哪项一定不正确?A．有些学生喜欢哲学但不喜欢数学。

B．有些学生喜欢数学但是不喜欢哲学。

C．有些学生既喜欢哲学又喜欢数学。

D．所有的学生都喜欢数学。

E．多数学生都喜欢哲学。

【答案】：B4．和政治学导论、世界史导论相比，杨林更喜欢物理学和数学。

和政治学导论相比，杨林更不喜欢体育。

除了下列哪项，其余各项都能从上述论述中推出?A．和体育相比，杨林更喜欢政治学。

B．和体育相比，杨林更喜欢数学。

C．和世界史导论相比，杨林更不喜欢体育。

D。

和体育相比，杨林更喜欢物理学。

E．和数学相比，杨林更不喜欢世界史导论。

1【答案】：C5．学校学习成绩排名前百分之五的同学要参加竞赛培训，后百分之五的同学要参加社会实践。

小李的学习成绩高于小王的学习成绩，小王的学习成绩低于学校的平均成绩。

下列哪项最不可能发生?A．小李和小王都要参加社会实践。

8．小王和小李都没有参加社会实践。

C．小李和小王都没有参加竞赛培训。

D．小李参加竞赛培训。

E．小王参加竞赛培训，小李没有参加竞赛培训。

【答案】：E6．如果李凯拿到钥匙，他就会把门打开并且保留钥匙。

如果杨林拿到钥匙，他会把钥匙交到失物招领处。

26【参考答案】D【解析】题干中的总经理认为是实施的计划导致经费下降，而D选项则说同类型的公司没有实施计划经费支出也越来越低，说明不一定是实施计划导致经费下降，也许是公司原本的经费支出也是越来越低。

27【参考答案】E【解析】正确答案E。

题干中的推导是：有些S不是P，你是S，所以你可能不是P。

选项E也是这样的结构：有些S不是P，挖到的东西是S，所以挖到的东西可能不是P。

28【参考答案】A【解析】正确答案是A。

李明南山三日游，王刚南山四日游，因每处景点三人线路都不同，所以张波南山二日游;又因为同一个人九天的时间游三地只能是2、3、4组合，同一个地三人又有不同的组合，所以李明赴东湖和王刚赴西岛的天数要相同的话，不能是三天也不能是四天，所以只能是两天，正确答案是A。

29 【参考答案】C【解析】正确答案是C。

因为题干是：只有大力神实心杯不是纯金制的，球员才可能举起它并随意挥。

而C项则是：如果大力神实心杯是纯金制的，则球员不可能举起它并随意挥，两者是等值关系。

30D31【参考答案】B【解析】正确答案是B。

因为(1)和(2)可以推出甲主机相通于丁，又因为丙主机不相通于自身，即不相通于丙，由(1)可知甲也相通于丙。

所以正确答案是B。

32【参考答案】C【解析】正确答案是C。

因为(3)丙主机相通于任一相通于甲的主机，而补充的信息又说丙主机不相通于任何主机，由此可以得出结论：丁和乙都不相通于甲，这与C项是矛盾的，所以题干真则C项一定假。

33【参考答案】A【解析】正确答案是A。

因为题干暗含一个假设：无法用科学理论解释的都是错觉。

A项可以换成无法用科学理论解释的都不是错觉，A项成立则题干假设不成立。

34【参考答案】B【解析】正确答案是B。

B项与题干构成了求异的关系，非常好的支持研究人员的发现。

35【参考答案】D解析：如果一月、二月、三月这三个月中任一一个月有三人同时当选那就不可能满足条件(4)，所以选项ABC排除;选项E直接与条件(4)冲突，排除，所以剩下的D为正确选项，即，1到4月有一人当选，3到6月有一人当选，4到7月有一人当选，5到8月有一人当选，这样，456这三个月当中每一个月都有三个月同时当选。

2013mba联考逻辑试题及答案2013年MBA联考逻辑试题及答案1. 题目：如果一个公司的产品在市场上的占有率超过30%，那么它就被认为是市场领导者。

如果一个公司的产品在市场上的占有率低于20%，那么它就被认为是市场追随者。

如果一个公司的产品在市场上的占有率在20%到30%之间，那么它就被认为是市场挑战者。

根据以上定义，以下哪个公司是市场挑战者？A. 产品市场占有率为15%B. 产品市场占有率为25%C. 产品市场占有率为35%D. 产品市场占有率为40%答案：B2. 题目：所有有翅膀的动物都能飞。

蝙蝠是有翅膀的动物，因此蝙蝠能飞。

以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述论证？A. 所有有翅膀的昆虫都能飞。

B. 蝙蝠是哺乳动物。

C. 鸟类是有翅膀的动物。

D. 蝙蝠是唯一能飞的哺乳动物。

答案：D3. 题目：如果一个学生通过了英语考试，那么他必须已经通过了数学考试。

小王通过了英语考试，因此小王通过了数学考试。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述论证？A. 有些学生通过了数学考试，但没有通过英语考试。

B. 有些学生通过了英语考试，但没有通过数学考试。

C. 所有学生都必须通过数学考试才能毕业。

D. 有些学生没有通过英语考试，但通过了数学考试。

答案：B4. 题目：所有的植物都需要水。

仙人掌是一种植物，因此仙人掌需要水。

以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述论证？A. 有些植物需要阳光。

B. 仙人掌是植物中的一种。

C. 有些植物不需要水。

D. 有些植物需要肥料。

答案：B5. 题目：如果一个国家的经济增长率超过5%，那么它就被认为是经济快速增长的国家。

中国的经济增长率为6%，因此中国是一个经济快速增长的国家。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述论证？A. 有些国家的经济增长率超过5%，但被认为是经济缓慢增长的国家。

B. 中国的经济增长率在过去的一年中有所下降。

C. 中国的经济增长率在过去的十年中一直保持在6%。

D. 中国的人口增长率超过5%。

经济类联考综合能力逻辑推理专项强化真题试卷1(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.1．在19世纪，英国的城市人口上升，而农村人口下降。

一位历史学家推理说，工业化并非产生这种变化的原因，这种变化是由一系列人口向城市地区的迁移而造成的，而这种迁移都是发生在每次农业经济的衰退时期。

为证明这种假说，这位历史学家将经济数据同人口普查数据作了对比。

以下哪项如果为真．最支持该历史学家的假说?A．工业经济增长最大的时期总伴随着农业人口数目的相对减少。

B．农业经济最衰弱的时期总伴随着总人口数目相对减少。

C．在农业经济相对强大，工业经济相对衰弱的时期，总伴随着农村人口的快速减少。

D．在农业和工业经济都强劲的时期伴随着城市人口尤其快速的增长。

E．在农业经济最强劲的时期，伴随着城市人口的相对稳定。

正确答案：E解析：题干观点可概括为城市人口增加不是由于工业化而是由于农业经济的衰退。

E项说，农业经济强劲时，城市人口相对稳定，并无太大变化，从反面加强了题干的论证。

A项说明农业人口减少与工业化有关，削弱了题干观点；B、C、D三项的说法也都与题干的观点不符。

2．高校2011年秋季入学的学生中有些是免费的师范生。

所有的免费师范生都是家境贫寒的。

凡家境贫寒的学生都参加了勤工助学活动。

如果以上陈述为真，则以下各项必然为真，除了：A．2011年秋季人学的学生中有人家境贫寒。

B．凡没有参加勤工助学活动的学生都不是免费师范生。

C．有些参加勤工助学活动的学生是2011年秋季入学的。

D．有些参加勤工助学活动的学生不是免费师范生。

E．凡家境富裕的学生都不是免费师范生。

正确答案：D解析：题干断定分别为：①高校2011年秋季入学的学生中有些是免费的师范生。

②所有的免费师范生都是家境贫寒的。

③凡家境贫寒的学生都参加了勤工助学活动。

由①②可得：④2011年秋季入学的学生中有人家境贫寒，A项必然为真；由②③可知，⑤所有免费师范生都参加了勤工俭学，进一步可以推出没有参加勤工俭学就不是免费师范生，B项必然为真。

26．某公司去年初开始实施一项“办公用品节俭计划”，每位员工每月只能免费领用限量的纸笔等各类办公用品。

年末统计时发现，公司用于办公用品的支出较上年度下降了30%。

在未实施该计划的过去五年间，公司年平均消耗办公用品10万元。

公司总经理由此得出：该计划去年已经为公司节约了不少经费。

以下哪项如果为真，最能构成对总经理推论的质疑？A.另一家与该公司规模及其他基本情况均类似的公司，未实施类似的节俭计划，在过去的5年间办公用品消耗额年平均也为10万元。

B.在过去的5年间，该公司大力推广无纸化办公，并且取得很大成就。

C.“办公用品节俭计划”是控制支出的重要手段，但说该计划为公司“一年内节约不少经费”，没有严谨的数据分析。

D.另一家与该公司规模及其基本情况均类似的公司，未实施类似的节俭计划，但是在过去的5年间办公用品人均消耗额越来越低。

E.去年，该公司在员工困难补助、交通津贴等方面开支增加了3万元。

【答案】D（无因有果）【解析】题干中的总经理认为是实施的计划导致经费下降，而D选项则说同类型的公司没有实施计划经费支出也越来越低，说明不一定是实施计划导致经费下降，最能对总经理推论的构成质疑。

选项A削弱不了，因为，这个10万元相对于以前到底增加还是减少选项A没有提到。

27．公司经理：我们招聘人才时最看重的是综合素质和能力，而不是分数。

人才招聘中，高分低能者并不鲜见，我们显然不希望招到这样的“人才”，从你的成绩单可以看出，你的学业分数很高，因此我们有点怀疑你的能力和综合素质。

以下哪项和经理得出结论的方式最为类似？A.公司管理者并非都是聪明人，陈然不是公司管理者，所以陈然可能是聪明人。

B.猫都爱吃鱼，没有猫患近视，所以吃鱼可以预防近视。

C.人的一生中健康开心最重要，名利都是浮云，张立名利双收，所以可能张立并不开心。

D.有些歌手是演员，所有的演员都很富有，所以有些歌手可能不富有。

E.闪光的物体并非都是金子，考古队挖到了闪闪发光的物体，所以考古队挖到的可能不是金子。

2013考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns thatgovernment, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention[C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two e mployees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an averagelifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______.[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] to advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of allItalian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among tod ay’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____.[A] immigrate across the Atlantic[B] leave their home countries for good[C] stay in a foreign temporarily[D]find permanent jobs overseas27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US ____.[A] needs new immigrant categories[B] has loosened control over immigrants[C] should be adopted to meet challenges[D] has been fixed via political means28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] financial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D]the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D]as mighty rivals.30 which is the best title of the passage?[A] come and go: big mistake[B] living and thriving : great risk[C] with or without : great risk[D]legal or illegal: big mistakeText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screenersare more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” informat ion reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘thin sliced’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I underst and Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater“soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is everything[G] Waste not, want not41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis andfish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, They will let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £1.75 a week for three months gives you £21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's £16.95 there - or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.Section IV Writing47. Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale foe kids in need of help. Write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and encourage them to participate .2) Don’t use your own name, use “Li Ming” instead. Don’t write your add ress.(10 points)48 write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words2013年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠ Use of English文章分析本篇文章是一篇议论文。

2013年GCT逻辑真题及解析约定：“∧”表示“且”，“∨“表示“或”，“→“表示“则”，“Ø”表示“非”1．人或许可以分为两类：有那么一点雄心的和没有那一点雄心的。

对普通人而言，那一点雄心，是把自己拉出庸常生活的坚定动力；没有那一点雄心的，只能无力甚至无知无觉地，慢慢地被庸常的生活所淹没。

在变革时代，那一点雄心或许能导致波澜壮阔的结果。

以下哪项陈述构成对上文观点的反驳？A．编草鞋的刘备，从来没有忘记自己是皇叔。

就凭这一点，他从两手空空到三分天下有其一。

B．张雄虽壮志凌云，却才智庸常，一生努力奋斗，但一事无成。

C．柳琴既无什么雄心，也无特别才华，仅凭天生丽质，一生有贵人相助，做成了很多事情。

D．菊花姐姐既不才高八斗，也不貌美如花，但自视甚高，不断折腾，一生也过得风生水起的。

【解析】答案为C。

题干指出，“没有那一点雄心的，只能无力甚至无知无觉地，慢慢地被庸常的生活所淹没”，C项是一个有力的反例：“柳琴没有雄心，一生却不平庸”。

2．2013年平 7月16日，美国“棱镜门”事件揭秘者斯诺登正式向俄罗斯提出避难申请。

美国一直在追捕斯诺登。

如果俄罗斯接受斯诺登的申请，必将导致俄美两国关系恶化。

但俄罗斯国内乃至世界各国有很高呼声认为斯诺登是全球民众权利的捍卫者，如果拒绝他的申请，俄罗斯在道义上和国家尊严方面都会受损。

如果以上陈述为真，以下哪项陈述一定为真？A．俄罗斯不希望斯诺登事件损害俄美两国关系。

B．俄罗斯不会将斯诺登交给美国，而可能将他送往第三国。

C．如果俄罗斯接受斯诺登的避难申请，俄罗斯在道义上或国家尊严方面就不会受损。

D．如果俄罗斯不想使俄美两国关系恶化，它在道义上和国家尊严方面就会受损。

【解析】答案为D。

题干的条件为：（1）接受斯诺登的申请→使两国关系恶化（2）拒绝斯诺登的申请→在道义上和国家尊严方面都会受损对于俄罗斯而言，有接受斯诺登的申请∨拒绝斯诺登的申请= 使两国关系恶化∨在道义上和国家尊严方面都会受损= Ø使两国关系恶化→在道义上和国家尊严方面都会受损（选言假言公式转换，详见《决胜GCT逻辑高分篇》P84页）3．日本有机蔬菜的认证条件非常苛刻，要求种植有机蔬菜的土地3年以内没有使用过任何农药、化肥。

2.[A] minor [B]objective [C] crucial [D] external3.[A] issue [B] vision [C] picture [D] moment4.[A] For example [B] On average [C] In principle [D] Above all5.[A] fond [B]fearful [C] capable [D] thoughtless6.[A] in [B] on [C] to [D] for7.[A] if [B]until [C] though [D] unless8.[A] promote [B]emphasize [C] share [D] test9.[A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success10.[A] chosen [B]stupid [C]found [D] identified11.[A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise12.[A] inspired [B]expressed [C] conducted [D] secured13.[A] assigned [B]rated [C] matched [D] arranged14.[A] put [B]got [C]gave [D] took15.[A]instead [B]then [C] ever [D] rather16.[A]selected [B]passed [C] marked [D] introduced17.[A]before [B] after [C] above [D] below18.[A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C] maintain [D]disregard20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful答案：1-5: ADCAB6-10: BADDA11-15: DCBDB16-20: CACBC答案详解：2013年的完型填空是一篇选自《经济学人》名为A Question of Judgment的文章。

经济类联考综合能力真题及答案(回顾版)一、逻辑推理：第1-20小题，每小题2分，共40分。

下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项符合试题要求。

1. 科学研究日趋复杂性导致多作者科技文章增长，涉及多个医院病人的临床实验报告，通常由每个参与医院的参与医生共同署名。

类似地，如果实验运用了多个实验室开展的子系统，物理学论文报导这种实验结果时，每个实验室的参与人员也通常是论文作者。

如果上述为真，下面哪一项一定为真?A.涉及多个医院病人的临床实验绝不是仅由一个医院的医生实施。

B.涉及多个医院病人的临床实验报告，大多数有多位作者。

C.如果一篇科技论文有多位作者，他们通常来自不同的科研机构。

D.多个实验室的研究人员共同署名的物理学论文，通常报导使用了每个实验室开展的子系统的实验结果。

E.大多数科技论文的作者仅是那些做了论文所报导的实验的科研人员。

2.对一群以前从不吸烟的青少年进行追踪研究，以确定他们是否抽烟及其精神健康状态的变化。

一年后，开始吸烟的人患忧郁症的人数是那些不吸烟的人患忧郁症的四倍。

因为香烟中的尼古丁令大脑发生化学变化，可能因而影响情绪。

所以，吸烟很可能促使青少年患忧郁症。

下面哪项如果为真，最能加强上述论证?A. 研究开始时就已患忧郁症的实验参与者与那时候那些没有患忧郁症的实验参与者，一年后吸烟者的比例一样。

B. 这项研究没有在参与者中区分偶尔吸烟与烟瘾很大者。

C. 研究中没有或者极少的参与者是朋友亲戚关系。

D. 在研究进行的一年里，一些参与者开始出现忧郁症而后又恢复正常了。

E. 研究人员没有追踪这些青少年的酒精摄入量。

3. 3.康和制药公司主任认为，卫生部要求开发的疫苗的开发费用该由政府资助。

因为疫苗市场比任何其他药品公司市场利润都小。

为支持上述主张，主任给出下列理由：疫苗的销量小，因为疫苗的使用是一个人一次，而治疗疾病尤其是慢性疾病的药物，对每位病人的使用是多次的。

下列哪项如果为真，将最严重的削弱该主任提出的针对疫苗市场的主张的理由?A.疫苗的使用对象比大多数其他药品的使用对象多。

2013年GCT逻辑真题及解析约定：“∧”表示“且”，“∨“表示“或”，“→“表示“则”，“Ø”表示“非”1．人或许可以分为两类：有那么一点雄心的和没有那一点雄心的。

对普通人而言，那一点雄心，是把自己拉出庸常生活的坚定动力；没有那一点雄心的，只能无力甚至无知无觉地，慢慢地被庸常的生活所淹没。

在变革时代，那一点雄心或许能导致波澜壮阔的结果。

以下哪项陈述构成对上文观点的反驳？A．编草鞋的刘备，从来没有忘记自己是皇叔。

就凭这一点，他从两手空空到三分天下有其一。

B．张雄虽壮志凌云，却才智庸常，一生努力奋斗，但一事无成。

C．柳琴既无什么雄心，也无特别才华，仅凭天生丽质，一生有贵人相助，做成了很多事情。

D．菊花姐姐既不才高八斗，也不貌美如花，但自视甚高，不断折腾，一生也过得风生水起的。

【解析】答案为C。

题干指出，“没有那一点雄心的，只能无力甚至无知无觉地，慢慢地被庸常的生活所淹没”，C项是一个有力的反例：“柳琴没有雄心，一生却不平庸”。

2．2013年平 7月16日，美国“棱镜门”事件揭秘者斯诺登正式向俄罗斯提出避难申请。

美国一直在追捕斯诺登。

如果俄罗斯接受斯诺登的申请，必将导致俄美两国关系恶化。

但俄罗斯国内乃至世界各国有很高呼声认为斯诺登是全球民众权利的捍卫者，如果拒绝他的申请，俄罗斯在道义上和国家尊严方面都会受损。

如果以上陈述为真，以下哪项陈述一定为真？A．俄罗斯不希望斯诺登事件损害俄美两国关系。

B．俄罗斯不会将斯诺登交给美国，而可能将他送往第三国。

C．如果俄罗斯接受斯诺登的避难申请，俄罗斯在道义上或国家尊严方面就不会受损。

D．如果俄罗斯不想使俄美两国关系恶化，它在道义上和国家尊严方面就会受损。

【解析】答案为D。

题干的条件为：（1）接受斯诺登的申请→使两国关系恶化（2）拒绝斯诺登的申请→在道义上和国家尊严方面都会受损对于俄罗斯而言，有接受斯诺登的申请∨拒绝斯诺登的申请= 使两国关系恶化∨在道义上和国家尊严方面都会受损= Ø使两国关系恶化→在道义上和国家尊严方面都会受损（选言假言公式转换，详见《决胜GCT逻辑高分篇》P84页）3．日本有机蔬菜的认证条件非常苛刻，要求种植有机蔬菜的土地3年以内没有使用过任何农药、化肥。

新东方在线专业硕士考研视频课程内部资料2012年年硕士研究生入学考试试题经济类联考综合能力逻辑真题解析一、逻辑推理：第1～20小题，每小题2分，共40分。

下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

1、高校2011年秋季入学的学生中有些是免费师范生。

所有的免费师范生都是家境贫寒的。

凡家境贫寒的学生都参加了勤工助学活动。

如果以上陈述为真，则以下各项必然为真，除了A、2011年秋季入学的学生中有人家境贫寒。

B、凡没有参加勤工助学活动的学生都不是免费师范生。

C、有些参加勤工助学活动的学生是2011年秋季入学的。

D、有些参加勤工助学活动的学生不是免费师范生。

E、凡家境富裕的学生都不是免费师范生【答案】：D2、捐助希望工程的动机，大都是社会责任，但也有的是个人功利，当然，出于社会责任的行为，并不一定都不考虑个人功利。

对希望工程的每一项捐款，都有是利国利民的善举。

如果以上陈述为真，则以下哪项不可能为真?A、有的行为出于社会责任，但不是利国利民的善举B、所有考虑个人功利的行为，都有不是利国利民的善举。

C、有的出于社会责任的行为是善举。

D、有的行为虽然不是出于社会责任，但却是善举。

E、对希望工程的有些捐助，既不是出于社会责任，也不是出于个人功利，而是有其他原因，如服从某种摊派。

【答案】：B【解析】 答案是B。

该项和题干矛盾。

3、并非所有出于良好愿望的行为必然会导致良好的结果。

如果以上断定为真，则以下哪项断定必真?A、所有出于良好愿望的行为必然不会导致良好的结果B、所有出于良好愿望的行为可能不会导致良好的结果。

C、有的出于良好愿望的行为不会导致良好的结果。

D、有的出于良好愿望的行为可能不会导致良好的结果E、有的出于良好愿望的行为一定不会导致良好的结果【答案】：D【解析】模态命题的否定命题转变规则：肯定->否定；所有->-有些；可能->-必然4、尽管世界市场上部分可以获得的象牙来自于非法捕杀的野象，但是有些象牙的来源是合法的，比如说大象的自然死亡。

2013年联考判断推理真题解析——安徽一、图形推理61.61.A【解析】本题元素特征明显，各图均含有1个五角星。

62.62.A【解析】各图组成不同，考虑数量变化或图形的属性。

各图都是轴对称图形，第1组图沿纵轴对称，第2组图沿左倾45°直线轴对称。

63.63.B【解析】各图组成不同，考虑数量变化。

本题的组成特征为直线、曲线混合构成的封闭空间，数量依次为3、4、5、6、7。

64.64.A【解析】各图组成相似，考虑样式变化。

每行前2图叠加构成图3。

65.以下为立方体的外表面。

下列选项中，可以由此折成的立方体是。

65.A【解析】本题属于空间重构。

B项左侧面的圆点应位于中间;原图等价，可知C项左侧面黑点位置错误;D项左右两面应互换位置。

A项可由原图折成。

二、定义判断。

每道题先给出定义，然后列出四种情况，要求你严格依据定义，从中选出个最符合或最不符合该定义的答案。

注意：假设这个定义是正确的，不容置疑的请开始答题：66.心理契约是指个体与组织之间隐含的没有明文规定的双方各自的责任及对对方的期望。

根据上述定义，下列属于建立心理契约的措施是：A.为提高员工积极性，每月业绩最好者能享受双薪B.为解决后顾之忧，与优秀员工签订终身合同C.为吸引优秀人才，承诺为员工提供购房免息借款D. 结合企业的发展蓝图，为员工提供职业生涯设计66.D【解析】关键信息是“没有明文规定”。

A、B、C都体现了明文规定。

而D项“职业生涯设计”显然不是明文规定，因此属于建立心理契约的措施。

67.临终关怀是指为临终患者提供医疗、护理、心理、社会等多方位的关怀照顾，使每个患者的生命受到尊重，症状得到控制，生命质量得到提高。

根据上述定义，下列不属于临终关怀的是：A.老赵肝癌晚期，医生尽最大努力进行治疗，不惜一切代价延长其生命B.老王肾衰竭晚期希望回到故乡，他在接受疼痛处理后被同意出院C.老李白血病晚期，医生对他进行保守治疗，配合适当的绘画与音乐治疗D.老刘胃癌晚期，某大学组织志愿者每天陪他聊天67.A【解析】关键信息是“生命受到尊重，症状得到控制，生命质量得到提高”。

作者：ZHANGJIAN仅供个人学习，勿做商业用途2016 年考研经济类联考综合能力真题一、逻辑推理（本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分。

下面每题所给出的五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

）8. 巴西赤道雨林的面积每年以惊人的比例减少，引起了全球的关注。

但是，卫星照片数据显示，去年巴西雨林面积的缩小比例明显低于往年。

去年，巴西政府支出数百万美元用以制止滥砍滥伐和防止森林火灾。

巴西政府宣称，上述卫星照片的数据说明巴西政府保护赤道雨林的努力取得了显著成效。

以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱巴西政府的结论？（）版权文档，请勿用做商业用途A. 去年巴西用以保护赤道雨林的财政投入明显低于往年。

B. 与巴西毗邻的阿根廷国的赤道雨林面积并未缩小。

C. 去年巴西的旱季出现了异乎寻常的大面积持续降雨。

D. 巴西用于雨林保护的费用只占年度财政支出的很小比例。

E. 森林面积的萎缩是全球性的环保问题。

【考点】：削弱题型【参考答案】：C【解析】：题干中论据是：去年巴西雨林面积的缩小比例明显低于往年，结论是：政府保护赤道雨林的努力取得了显著成效。

题干的是一种因果关系。

C 选项是另有他因的削弱。

阐明不是因为保护政策起到作用而是因为焊剂出现大面积降雨。

这题是管理类联考的真题。

正确答案为C。

版权文档，请勿用做商业用途9. 科学家研究发现，超过1000 个小行星经常穿越地球轨道。

即使小行星撞击地球的概率几乎可以忽略不计，但是由于撞击将带来灾难性的后果，应尽可能降低撞击概率。

避免撞击的办法是使用核武器摧毁小行星，因此将核武器储存在空间站以备不时之需是有必要的。

科学家推断会导致如下哪个推论。

（）版权文档，请勿用做商业用途A. 核武器是目前人类可知的唯一阻止小行星撞击地球的方法。

B. 空间站应当部署核武器。

C. 小行星撞击地球的时间尚未发生。

D. 小行星撞击地球的概率极低。

E. 除了防止小行星撞击地球，没有理由拒绝使用核武器。

2013年联考公务员考试《行测》真题第一部分常识判断1．下列将项与其表彰对象对应关系错误的是（）A. 菲尔兹奖――数学家B. 普利策奖――记者C. 南丁格尔奖――医生D. 图灵奖――计算机科学家2．地震是地球上的主要自然灾害之一。

下列关于地震的说法，错误的是（）A. 地震活动在时间分布上具有一定的周期性B. 环太平洋地震带是地球上地震最活跃的地区C. 里氏地震规模每增强一级，释放的能量约增加10倍D. 有纪录以来最大的一次地震是1960年的智利大地震，其震级为9.5级3．下列关于医学常识的说法，错误的是（）A. 临床上一般以血红蛋白的浓度值作为诊断贫血的依据B. 卡介苗是一种疫苗，一般在婴儿出生后接种，可以预防结核病C. 游戏时应避免将水咽入口中，以免水通过鼻咽部进入中耳引发中耳炎D. 人体骨密度在达到高峰值后会逐年下降，男性下降幅度较女性大4．下列物品利用凸透镜透光原理的是（）A. 近视镜B. 显微镜目镜C. 汽车观后镜D. 手电筒反光罩5．下列历史文化遗址位于我国最南边的是（）A. 半坡遗址B. 周口店遗址C. 河姆渡遗址D. 大汶口遗址6．关于《四库全书》，下列说法错误的是（）A. 编修于乾隆时期B. 反映了清代图书的全貌C. 在编纂过程中纪晓岚贡献突出D. 分经、史、子、集四目7．关于京剧艺术，下列说法错误的是（）A. 《红灯记》和《智取威虎山》是现代京剧B. 京剧表演的艺术手段主要有唱、念、做、打C. 京剧的主要题材是才子佳人的故事D. 京剧的脸谱一般用于净、丑两个角色8．下列语句与出处对应错误的是（）A. 不战而屈人之兵――《孙子兵法》B. 知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也――《韩非子》C. 天时不如地利，地利不如人和――《孟子》D. 青出于蓝而胜于蓝――《荀子》9．以下是一组古迹的图片，下列选项中国家排序与这组古迹对应关系正确的是（）A. 墨西哥―英国―智利―希腊B. 墨西哥―希腊―英国―智利C. 智利―希腊―英国―墨西哥D. 智利―希腊―墨西哥―英国10．下列哪组词语都与中国古代科举考试有关？（）A. 蟾宫折桂、桂冠、连中三元B. 问鼎中原、独占鳌头、蟾宫折桂C. 连中三元、五子登科、名落孙山D. 金榜题名、桂冠、独占鳌头11．《三国演义》开篇称：“天下大势，分久必合，合久必分。