3.4 推理判断（一）细节推断题
A2019·石家庄市高中毕业班模拟考试(一)
At 9：30 a．m. on a Wednesday morning, I received a notification (通知) that I'd
already picked up my phone 30 times that day! “11 times left until you go over your goal of 41 pickups，” my screen read. “Put your phone down until 9: 52 a．m.! Enjoy
your time living in the moment.”
These updates were sent via Moment an app that tracks my screen time, created by
Kevin Holesh in 2014 to fight his own device addiction. He was working as an independent
app developer, spending hours each day staring at screens. After work, Holesh found that
he was looking mindlessly online instead of talking to his wife or taking his dogs for a
walk.“I wanted a way of seeing how much time I was sinking into my phone，” he said.
“So I came up with something that could monitor my screen time.” Holesh found that he
- 1 - 第四讲 根据上下文推断词句的含义——词句猜测题
词句猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
除了直接的命题外，在阅读理解的文章中，常常有一些单词或短语超出了考试大纲，但又没有附加注释，也需要考生猜测词义才能准确理解文章，这是词义猜测题的一种简单命题形式。
高考全国卷词句猜测题题量统计
考纲解读
年份
卷别 2019 2018 2017 (1)正确理解文章中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础。
(2)英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义在不同的语境中会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
(3)阅读文章时，常常会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的词义可以通过上下文推断出来，这是阅读理解中经常考查的一种能力。 全国卷Ⅰ 1(单词stumbles的含义) 1(单词
dominant的含义) 2(代词that的含义； 短语the
water catcher的含义)
全国卷Ⅱ 2(代词I的含义；短语tug
at the
heartstrings的含义) 1(短语a juicer的含义) 2(代词that的含义； 句子the
tables are
turned的含义)
全国卷Ⅲ 1(短语taking
on的含义) 1 (短句more is
more的含义) 1(单词displaced的含义)
【考查特点】
Ⅰ.把握词句猜测题最常见的命题方式：
(1)The phrase“...” in the sentence could be replaced by “________”．
(2)The underlined word “...” in paragraph...refers to ________．
题组一 体验真题
Passage 1
体裁：记叙文 话题：一次非同寻常的投递 词数：254 时间：6′
(2022·全国卷Ⅰ，C)I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem courier.Since March 2022, I’ve done 89
trips of those, 51 have been abroad, I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box
because I’ve got two ice packs and that’s how long they last.In all, from the time the stem cells are
harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we’ve got 72 hours at
most, So I am always conscious of time.
I had one trip last year where I was caught by a hurricane in America.I picked up the stem cells in
Providence, Rhode Island, and was meant to fly to Washington then back to London.But when I
arrived at the check－in desk at Providence, the lady on the desk said：“Well, I’m really sorry, I’ve
got some bad news for you—there are no flights from Washington.”So I took my box and put it on
题组一 体验真题
Passage 1
体裁：说明文 话题：密码学 词数：289 时间：7′
依据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2022·全国卷Ⅰ)Secret codes (密码)keep messages private.Banks, companies, and government
agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years.__1__ Code breaking never lags(落后) far
behind code making.The science of creating and reading coded messages is called cryptography.
There are three main types of cryptography.__2__ For example, the first letters of “My elephant
eats too many eels” spell out the hidden message “Meet me.”
__3__You might represent each letter with a number, for example. Let’s number the letters of the
alphabet, in order, from 1 to 26.If we substitute a number for each letter, the message “Meet me”
would read “135520215.”
