1~5 years 1~5 years
不同年龄段好发肿瘤
肿瘤病理学
The Pathology of Cancer
恶性肿瘤的命名 Nomenclature of Malignant
Tumor
Names of tumor Tissue of origin Examples
Carcinoma
Epithelium
● 病毒 Viruses (papilloma, Epstein-Barr,
Hepatitis B, retroviruses,HIV)
● 射线 Radiation exposure ● 环境、工业因素
Environmental industrial carcinogens
● 吸烟/饮酒Tobacco and alcohol consumption ● 基因易感性Genetic susceptibility syndromes
Human Papilloma virus Cervical cancer
与肿瘤发生相关的基因 (Major Genes in Development
of Cancer)
● 癌基因 Oncogenes
● 抑癌基因 Tumor suppressor genes
● DNA修复基因 DNA repair genes
Date 1761
1775 1860s 1915
化学致癌物研究史
Historical Observation of Chemical Carcinogens
Observation Excessive use of snuff lead to nasal polyps Scrotal cancer in chimney sweeps bladder cancer Rabbit ears painted with tar developed papillomas