专题复习一：名词-代词-冠词

专题一名词和冠词常考点掌握名词的可数和不可数性、可数名词的复数、名词作定语以及名词的所有格形式的用法。

特别注意名词词义辨析和名词固定短语的运用。

近些年考查名词的题目，在设问方面更趋精细化。

冠词主要考查牢固的基础知识和灵活使用冠词的能力。

冠词的用法复杂，要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词的泛指、特指、类指、专指的概念。

做题时，首先要搞清名词是单数还是复数，是特指还是泛指，注意复数名词、不可数名词表示泛指不用任何冠词，单数名词前要加不定冠词。

名词1名词的数1. 单数名词变为复数名词常考点：①以－o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加－s，但是下列以－o结尾的名词要加－es：hero，tomato，potato，Negro(黑人)。

②以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加－s，但下列以－f或－fe结尾的名词变为复数时，需把f或fe去掉，加－ves：half，－self，wife，life，knife，shelf，wolf，thief，leaf，loaf。

③合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。

如：passers－by，go－betweens，lookers－on，mothers－in－law。

2. 下列名词通常作不可数名词：fun，advice，progress，information，equipment，luggage，weather，furniture等。

3. 有些名词的复数形式可表示特别的意义。

如：waters(水域)，sands(沙滩)，manners(礼貌)，times(时代)，spirits(情绪；烈酒)，contents(目录)，customs(海关)，lines(台词)，arms(武器)，looks(容貌)。

4. 单复数同形的名词。

如： Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，series，means，works。

第一讲名词一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事、物、地点以及抽象概念的词。

二、名词的分类（一）专有名词和普通名词名词根据其意义分为普通名词和专有名词1、专有名词是表示特定的人或事物名称的词。

如：Peter, Snow White, Sunday, April,Christmas Day, China, Changsha, the Great Wall, the WTO, West Street...2、凡不属于特定的人或事物的名称的词，叫普通名词。

如：desk, book , people, air, interest,idea...（二）可数名词和不可数名词名词根据是否能够用数字来计算，可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。

1、可数名词复数的变化规则a．一般情况下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；b．以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes,watch-watches；c．以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i,再加-es，如：family-families, city-cities ；d．以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v,再加-es，如：wife- wives, knife-knives,wolf -wolves, leaf-leaves ；e．以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）__________+es 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) ___________+s 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen,policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, child-children, foot-feet,tooth-teeth, mouse-mice, goose-geese单复数同形:fish-fish deer -deer sheep -sheep people(人们）-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese（中日不变英法变，其余后面加s)Englishman-____________________, Frenchman-_________________Russian=_____________________ American-__________________2、复合名词变复数boy student-boy students man doctor-men doctors3、不可数名词◆不可数名词没有复数形式，如：tea,,meat.◆不可数名词不可以被基数词和不定冠词（a/an）直接修饰，若要表示数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。

专题复习之名词、代词和冠词一、中考对名词、代词和冠词的知识要求：对名词的考查主要集中在：1、正确识别可数名词和不可数名词；2、掌握可数名词复数形式的构成；3、正确判断某些常用名词在特定语境中的可数和不可数特征性；4、掌握名词所有格的基本形式及一般用法。

对代词的考查主要集中在：1、掌握人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；2、掌握名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；3、掌握反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；4、掌握常见不定代词的一般用法；5、掌握指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6、掌握疑问代词的基本用法。

中考对冠词的考查主要集中在：1、掌握定冠词、不定冠词及零冠词的基本使用规则和常见习惯用法：2、掌握a与an的基本用法。

二、名词考察点分项说明：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念等名称的词，叫做名词。

关于名词，我们必须掌握名词的数和名词的格。

（一）名词的数1、可数名词1）可数名词的的复数形式英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

表示一个人或事物用单数，表示一个以上的人或事物用复数。

该词形变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。

3）、常以复数形式出现的名词：people(人)，clothes(衣服)，trousers(裤子) glasses(眼镜) ,这些名词作主语时，同学们应特别注意它们的谓语，用复数。

4）、有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。

这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。

如：news(消息)，maths (数学)，physics(物理)2、不可数名词不可数名词通常是物质名词和集合名词。

物质名词无法分为个体的事物，通常不能与不定冠词连用，自身不能表示具体的数量，如water, coffee, time, money, bread, work,等；抽象名词表示的是可感觉却触摸不到的性质、动作、状态、感情等抽象的概念，如kindness。

1)、不可数名词无复数，作主语时常看成单数。

专题一冠词和名词知识清单常考点清单一冠词一、冠词在句中的位置及分类冠词主要放在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或物，它不能离开名词而单独存在。

冠词有两种：a和an为不定冠词，the为定冠词。

二、冠词的泛指和特指用法泛指是指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。

特指是指上文已提到的人或物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特定的人或事物。

冠词的特指和泛指用法可归纳为下表：单一，每一，任一事物a(n)上文提到过的人或事物可数名词前一定要用冠词被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物特指说话双方所默认的人或事物世上独一无二的事物the指类别the特指被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物复数可数名词说话双方所默认的人或事物不可数名词前泛指人或事物零冠词指类别三、不定冠词的用法1. 在叙述时用于第一次提到的某人或某物。

This is a book. 这是一本书。

2. 泛指人或事物的某一类别，以区别其他种类。

A plane is a machine that can fly. 翻译：___3. 泛指某人或某物。

A girl is waiting for you. 翻译：___4. 用于表示时间、速度、价格等意义的名词之前，有“每一”的意思，相当于every。

80 kilometers an hour,_______________ five lessons a week _______________ twice a month____5. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵，一份，一类，一场”等。

There’ll be a strong wind in South China. 翻译：___6. 用于某些固定词组中。

a few/ little / bit (一点儿), have a swim / walk / talk / look / drink / rest = swim/ walk / talk / look / rest,have a cold (感冒), have a good time (玩得高兴), in a hurry (匆忙), for a while (一会儿), keep a diary (写日记), do sb a favor (帮助某人)7. 用于可视为一体的两个名词前。

专题01 名词冠词一真题感悟1.（2021高考全国甲卷)It allows the traveler to become educated about the areas--both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provide money for conservation and benefits the ____(develop) of the local areas.【答案】development【解析】考查词性转换。

动词变为名词。

前面是the，后面是介词of，中间应当使用名词形式。

2.（2021高考全国乙卷）_____(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim ______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities【解析】考查名词单复数。

根据下文range from whale watching to hiking...可知活动不止一个，需用复数形式。

3.（2020高考全国卷I）The far side of the moon is of particular______( interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。

be of+抽象名词，且设空前为形容词particular故此处需要名词interest。

4. (2020高考全国卷II) Chinese New Year is a______(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。

名词、代词、冠词考点一名词题型一名词的根本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.If you want to see how life was back in the old days, China still has many beautiful water (town) to visit.【答案】towns2.They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making (preparation)for the long cold winter.【答案】preparations3.Now, nearly 500 acres of sand is being turned into farms producing corn, (tomato) and sunflowers.【答案】tomatoes4.Calligraphy has influenced the world widely and has even been introduced to many neighboring (country).【答案】countries5.A few dollars can help to fill a (child)hungry stomach.【答案】child’sⅡ.单句改错6. He usually goes to see his parents on Saturday’s evening.【答案】Saturday’s→Saturday7.Some of us also made a public speech to tell people some knowledges about protecting the environment.【答案】knowledges→knowledge题型二名词构词法1.The Zhongshan team completed tasks including installation of and tests for LiDAR, drilling of ice bedrock, atmospheric sounding (observe), surveys of birds and aerial exploration carried out by the fixed-wing aircraft.【答案】observation2.You may not know the name John Stith Pemberton, but you must know the name of his (invent):Coca-Cola.【答案】invention3.I was traveling in a small place in New York. That place had no taxi for a short (distant).【答案】distance4.Once the brush movement hesitates, a black mark is created, so speed, (strong) and agility (敏捷) is the essence of fine artwork.【答案】strength5.Apart from defense, other purposes of the Great Wall have included border control, the (encourage) of trade and the control of immigration.【答案】encouragement6.In 1962, Rachel Carson’s best-selling book “Silent Spring〞 created an (aware) of the dangerous effects of pesticides(农药).【答案】awareness7.Senior experts from UNESCO were amazed at its unique natural scenery, near perfect ecosystem, and creative (combine) of nature and humanism.【答案】combination考点二代词Ⅰ.单句填空1.China’s research icebreaker X uelong, on Thursday local time left the Zhongshan Station on (it) way back to China.【答案】its2.To lighten the addiction, he created his own drink by using leaves of coca and kola nuts. He named “Pemberton’s French Wine Coca〞.【答案】it3.More and more people are willing to shop online to get what they want, and I am one of (they).【答案】them4.In a Weibo post, he thanked netizens for (they) love and praise.【答案】their5.In his letter, Jin introduced (he) and Yiwu.【答案】himselfⅡ.单句改错6.Without ads, that would be difficult to get across a product’s basic message.【答案】that→it7.A large number of students and even some teachers took an active part in it, where the participants handed in our works which were later graded bycalligraphers.【答案】our→their8.But even if every large city purified and reused it’s water, we still would not have enough water.【答案】it’s→its9.I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like neither of them very much.【答案】neither→either考点三冠词题型一冠词的根本用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.Also known as the Snow Dragon, the icebreaker carrying a research team set sail from Shanghai on Nov. 2 last year, beginning country’s 35th Antarctic expedition.【答案】the2.It’s not all that hard to build an advanced and large vocabulary. Like many things in life,it’s ongoing process.【答案】an3.Chaplin liked idea of working in the film industry because it would mean a new life.【答案】the4.Three became political leaders;three became doctors;the most famous graduate became university teacher and was responsible for the introduction of modern teaching methods in his country.【答案】 aⅡ.单句改错5.I’m lucky enough to make friends with so nice person.【答案】person前加a6.What a impressive experience!【答案】a→an题型二冠词的习惯用法Ⅰ.单句填空1.The sound of the car died away in distance.【答案】the2.Eating chocolate once in while makes it easier for you to resist eating it all the time.【答案】 a3.Beavers build themselves curious huts to live in, and quite frequently great number of these huts are placed close together.【答案】 a4.All ofsudden, a student rushed in and pushed her aside.【答案】 aⅡ.单句改错5.Some of the scenery in this area ranks among best in the country.【答案】best前加the6.To tell a truth, my spoken English used to be a big headache for me.【答案】第一个a→thestly, you should remember to take some food for the lunch because we’ll stay there and chat with them at noon.【答案】删除the《真题训练》考点一名词第一组1.(某某,6)The(possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.【答案】possibility2.(江苏,32)Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the(assume) you’ve made.【答案】assumption3.(江苏,34)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative (explain) are hard to find.【答案】explanations4.(浙江,4 )It is important to pay your (electric)bill on time, as late payments may affect your credit.【答案】electricity5.(江苏,24)—Can you tell us your recipe for (happy) and a long life?—Living every day to the full, definitely.【答案】happiness6.(江苏,32)Some schools will have to make(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.【答案】adjustments/adjustment7.(江苏,35)—Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave.—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my(apologize).【答案】apology/apologies8.(浙江,15)One of the most effective ways to reduce (stressful)is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.【答案】stress9.(安徽,30)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some(think)and then let me know.【答案】thought第二组1.(2020届安徽六安一中月考一,66)Though alone, you can enjoy your travel in (silent) while thinking quietly.【答案】silence2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,67)Human food is very bad for thebaboons’(tooth)because it has a lot of sugar.【答案】teeth3.(2020届河南天一大联考阶段检测Ⅰ,67)That writing system was of great (important) in uniting the Chinese people and culture.【答案】importance4.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,65)Due to the (arrive) of more Chinese, more shops and businesses grew up.【答案】arrival5.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,45)These grapes bring wealth as well as their delicious (sweet) to the locals.【答案】sweetness6.(河北保定摸底考试,70)Bringing together Western Medicine and TCM, rather than being in (compete), is where the potential for great effects lies.【答案】competition7.(海南儋州一次统测,64)By the time of his (die), he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold in the world. 【答案】death8.(河南洛阳期中考试,64)So far modern (platform) have taken the place of traditional focuses with a wider range of creative enterprises from smart infrastructure construction to design and robots.【答案】platforms9.(浙江温州普通高中高考适应性测试,62)He decided to put his plan into (act)—building a garden.【答案】action10.(江西红色七校一联,64)To the citizens in Hangzhou, the best part of it is that it will give us the chance to watch world-class matches and(compete)close to home. 【答案】competitions考点二代词第一组1.(某某,3)A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than who are not.【答案】those2.(某某,11)was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors.【答案】It3.(浙江,3)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different fromin the UK.【答案】that4.(某某,2)The quality of education in this small school is better than in some larger schools.【答案】that5.(浙江,12)How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?【答案】it6.(重庆,2)The meeting will be held in September,but knows the date for sure. 【答案】nobody7.(陕西,13)To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the.【答案】other8.(四川,10)Niki is always full of ideas,but is useful to my knowledge.【答案】none第二组1.(2020届安徽“江淮十校〞一联,67)In terms of social psychology, one way of thinking about this is that we feel much better about (we) if we focus on someone who’s doing even worse, a process known as downward social comparison.【答案】ourselves2.(2020届贵州贵阳8月摸底,68)(they)job is to find baboons in the city and return them to the countryside.【答案】Their3.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,43)Then he hid (him) nearby and watched carefully to see if anyone would remove the big rock.【答案】himself4.(2020届黑龙江哈尔滨师大附中9月月考,49)If you pick one grape and put in your mouth, you will surely never forget the wonderful taste.【答案】it5.(2020届四川绵阳南山中学9月月考,70)Now it occurred to (he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.【答案】him6.(湖南浏阳六校联考,67)However, quite a few other people, especially in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness〞.【答案】those7.(山西太原期中考试,69)In return, bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls, so is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.【答案】it8.(吉林长春市实验中学月考三,63)On this day, dragons, a prominent totem (图腾) in Chinese culture raise (they) heads with the sound of thunder.【答案】their9.(湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,64)They say normal levels of stress can help students to work and think faster and more effectively,as well asimprove(they)performance.【答案】their10.(江西红色七校一联,69)In the next few years, Hangzhou will try its best to prepare(it)for the big show.【答案】itself考点三冠词第一组1.(浙江,2) prize for the winner of the competition is two-week holiday in Paris. 【答案】The; a2.(浙江,2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.【答案】the3.(重庆,3)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask. 【答案】the;a4.(四川,5)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven. 【答案】 a第二组1.(2020届河南许昌高级中学月考一,50)The villager learned a valuable lesson that many others would never understand: Every obstacle presents opportunity to improve one’s condition.【答案】an2.(2020届黑龙江大庆铁人中学开学考试,62)Every year, butterfly(蝴蝶) lovers in California go out in November to count monarch butterflies. They got a worrying result from their fall monarch count in — number of monarchs had dropped by 86% since .【答案】the3.(2020届江西临川二中月考一,61)Gerrard Street, which is between Leicester Square and Shaftesbury Avenue, is the most important street in the area. There is unique community with many Chinese restaurants, supermarkets and shops.【答案】 a4.(2020届江西南昌开学摸底,70)So the key to using a happy smile to make you better runner may be to smile sincerely and often near a race’s end, but in 30-second bursts, rather than constantly.【答案】 a5.(2020届云南昆明一中一次摸底,61)The Economist is English-language weekly news and international affairs publication owned by The Economist Newspaper Ltd.【答案】an6.(湖南浏阳六校联考,69)The wedding ceremony is usually hosted warmly and the wedding ceremony very often ends with unique banquet.【答案】 a7.(吉林省吉林市调研一,64)But naps can actually be double-edged sword because while we’re awake during the day, we’re building up sleepiness or sleep pressure.【答案】 a8.(湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试, 61)Produced by China Central Television (CCTV) and the Ministry of Educati on(MOE),“First Class for New Semester〞 has becomemandatory viewing activity for parents and students on the first day of the fall semester.【答案】 a9.(江西红色七校一联,70)splendid Hangzhou is waiting to see you in 2022.【答案】 A10.(河北唐山五校月考,64)As the saying goes,“All work and no play makes Jack dull boy.〞【答案】 a。

初高中衔接英语语法专项复习：名词 & 冠词名词Noun(n.)：表示人或事物的名称。

如：boy / pencil / book冠词Article(art.)：用在名称前帮助说明名词所指的人或事物。

如：a(an) / the形容词Adjective(adj.)：用以修饰名词、表示人或事物特征。

如：old / red / fine副词Adverb(adv.)：用以修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。

如：not / too / here / often代词Pronoun(pron.)：用来代替名词、形容词或数词。

如：we / that / his / what介词Preposition(prep)：表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。

如：in / on / of / to / under数词Numeral(num.)：表示数量或顺序。

如：one / thirteen / first连词Conjunction(conj.)：用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。

如：and / or / but感叹词Interjection(interj.)：表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。

如：oh /hello / hi动词Verb(v.)：表示动作或状态。

如：look / go / be (am / is / are )名词Noun(n.)名词表示人或事物的名称.◆一名词的分类1. 专有名词：John / China2.普通名词：①可数名词：个体名词：book / table / horse集体名词：family / class / police②不可数名词：物质名词：water / rice / snow抽象名词：health / knowledge / love◇专有名词: 表示具体的人、物、地点、节日等，通常由一个名词或一个词组构成:Jenny / Hong Kong / Christmas Day首字母要大写，但专有名词中的虚词（冠词、介词）的第一个字母不用大写:the Great Wall◆二可数名词（可以用数来计量）的复数⒈规则变化(1) 一般直接加-s . 如：boy → boys cup → cups(2) 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,结尾加-es,如：wa tch → watches box → boxes注意：但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen(3) 以“辅音字母+y ”结尾变y为i再加-es .如：story → stories baby → babies(4) 以f\fe结尾变f\fe为ves .如：①leaf → leaves；②self→ selves; ③wife → wives; ④knife → knives;⑤shelf→ shelves ⑥wolf→ wolves ⑦thief →thieves;⑧life →lives ⑨half → halves；①gulf→ gulfs ②roof→ roofs ③chief →chiefs ④serf→ serfs⑤belief→ beliefs ⑥proof →proofs ⑦handkerchief →handkerchiefs⑤以o 结尾：Ａ.多加-es 如：Negro →Negroes hero → heroes； t omato—tomatoes potato—potatoes；mango—mangoes；volcano—volcanoes总结：英雄土豆爱番茄，黑人芒果看火山。

专题一名词代词冠词考点一名词1.Some schools will have to make _______(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.2.—Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my______(apologize).3.One of the most effective ways to reduce______(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.4.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some ______(think) and then let me know.5.When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his______ and had a bad fall.6.He gave himself a new name to hide his ______(identify) when he went to carry out the secret task .7.—Why not buy a second-hand car first if you don’t have enough money for a new one? —That’s a good _______(suggest).8.Her ______(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.9.Whenever I made mistakes,the teacher pointed them out with _______(patient).10.While she was in Paris,she developed a _______(tasty) for fine art.11.My first _______(impress) of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful young man.12.—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?—Well,you know,English is my ______(strong).So it is my best choice.13.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future _______(refer).14.Your ________(perform) as a student will be excellent if you develop a habit of reflecting on how you learn.15.Giving up my job to go back to full-time education was a big ________(commit),but now I know it was the best decision I ever made.16.Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional ________(competent).考点二代词1.The quality of education in this small school is better than _______in some larger schools.2.How would you like _________if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?3.The meeting will be held in September,but ________knows the date for sure.4.To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the _______.5.Niki is always full of ideas,but ______is useful to my knowledge.6.—Who’s that at the door?—_____is the milkman.7.Susan made ________clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.8.A smile costs ________, but gives much .9.In some countries,people eat with chopsticks,while in _______,knives and forks.10.An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year,making _______the driest year since California became a state in 1850.11.You can ask anyone for help._______here is willing to lend you a hand.12.I’d appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.13.She’d lived in London and Manchester,but she liked _______and moved to Cambridge.14.—When shall I call,in the morning or afternoon?—_______.I’ll be in all day.15.It’s an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do _______.16.At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________described in this magazine.17.Recycling is one way to protect the environment;reusing is ________.18.This project requires close teamwork._______ will be achieved unless we work well together.19.The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than ______on the small ones.20.______ can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.21.Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years,she lost _____of her enthusiasm for life.rry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him,but ______ of them wants to,because they have work to do.23.Sarah made _______to the airport just in time to catch her plane this morning.24.Sophia waited for a reply,but ______came.25.If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand,could you get _______for me?26.Studying Wendy’s menu,I found that many of the items are similar to _______of McDonald’s.27.When you are done with the book,just give it to Lucy or Helen or _______.28.New technologies have made ________possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.29.I got this bicycle for _________:My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one.30.The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local government to increase __________.31.To stay awake,he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _________.32.Surprisingly,Susan’s beautiful hair reached below her knees and made _______almost an overcoat for her.33.There is _______in his words.We should have a try.考点三冠词1.Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write a children’s book for many year’s,but one thing or another always got in ________way.2.I just heard _______bank where Dora works was robbed by _______gunman wearing a mask.3._______more learned a man is,______more modest he usually becomes.4.Life is like _______ocean:Only the strong-willed can reach the other shore.5.I can’t tell you _______way to the Wilsons’ because we don’t have _______Wilson here in the village.6.The paper is due next month,and I am working seven days _______week,often long into ______night.7._______village where I was born has grown into _______town.8.India attained independence in 1947,after _________long struggle.9.The parents were shocked by _______news that their son needed _______operation on his knee.10.It was _______cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across _______night sky.11.People develop ________preference for a particular style of learning at _______early age and these preferences affect learning.12.The“Chinese Dream”is ________dream to improve people’s well-being and _______dream of harmony,peace and development.13.Animals are obviously _______lower form of life than man.14.Four and ______half hours of discussion took us up to midnight,and ________break for cheese,chocolate and tea with sugar.15.Marco Polo is said to have sailed on ________Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in ______thirteenth century.16.Sarah looked at _______finished painting with satisfaction.17.He missed ______gold in the high jump,but will get _______second chance in the long jump.18.Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up _______meat processing factory of his own one day.19.I woke up with ______bad headache,yet by _______evening the pain had gone.20.The Smiths don’t usually like staying at hotels,but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _________sea.21.We are said to be living in _________Information Age,________time of new discoveries and great changes.22.Sam has been appointed manager of the engineering department to take ________place of George.23.As he reached _______front door,Jack saw a strange sight.24.Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be ________Picasso.A组2013—2015年模拟探究专项基础测试考点一名词1.Zhangzhou City has gained a good ________(repute) for having successfully hosted the Flower Expo.2.Due to the ________(apply) of this medical technology,some diseases can be treated at an early stage.3.The video,Under the dome,has rapidly pushed the public ________(aware) about air pollution and encouraged people to join in efforts to make a difference.4._________(curious) is part of children’s nature.They always insist on getting to the bottom of everything.5.—Thank you very much for everything.You’ve been so helpful.—My _________(please).Just let me know if there is anything else I can do for you.6.After living in Quanzhou for five years,she has developed quite an _________(affect) for the city.7.If a young man wants the ________(flexible) to move to a different city in future years,he should keep renting instead of buying a house.8.Mr.Li has some trouble sleeping,so drinking a glass of milk before going to bed every night is his common.9.—I’m going to Appleby tomorrow.—What a ________(coincide)!I’m going up there too.10.—How can I take the medicine,sir?—Just follow the ________(direct) on the bottle.考点二代词1.The book is of great value.______can be enjoy unless you digest it.2.The wedding dress of the Princess is noble an d elegant._______ is the beauty of this style that it will be popular with young women.3.—Hi,John!I’m going to see the film Hobbit Ⅲthis evening.]—Hobbit Ⅲ?A fantastic film,_______I’ve been longing to see.4.Equipped with modern facilities,today’s hospitals are quite different from _______of the past.5.After three months of hard work,I wish to travel in a nice small town,especially ______with an ocean view.6.Wherever he is,he makes _______a rule to give his mother a call every day.7.—Which of those ties do you like best?—________.They are all too expensive and don’t go well with my new suit.8.Mr.Rod prefers a restaurant in a small town to ______in so large a city as Beijing.9.—Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?—_______way as you please.10.—Given one more week.I’ll get _______ready.—Then we’ll have a dinner out to celebrate your success.考点三冠词1.—How nice ______jacket is!—Thank you.I bought it on ______Internet.2.—Many people don’t think much of the movie.—I think differently.In ______way,it is a very good film.And _______photographed scenes are very beautiful.3.—The program Running man in zhejiang Satellite TV turned out ______success.Have you seen it?—It’s a pity I haven’t.but I have _______rough idea of what it’s about.4.Beijing’s bid for _______2022 Winter Olympics has driven public enthusiasm for winter sports to new heights.5.We all hold ______view that the director in charge should bear the full responsibility for the fire in Shanghai.6.Nelson Mandela,who was elected president of South Africa in 1994,is generally regarded as _______father of the country.7.—Have you heard of _______death of Nelson Mandela?—Oh,really?It will be _______shock to the world.8.Have you got these jeans in _______larger size?This pair is a bit too small around my waist.9.I’d like to take ________chance even if I be in danger.10.—As a child,my father often spent all Sundays relaxing outdoors,even playing for hours at _______time.—That’s my father’s story,too.B组2013—2015年模拟探究专项提升测试Passage 1It was late at night.Two _____(German)were sleeping in their room when suddenly,one of them,Mr.Green,was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck.She had three _______(thousand)dollars in her pocket.“What should I do ?Many ______(thief)usually bring ______(knife) with them,”she thought in _______(silent).And at the same time the thief happened to touch a ______(sport)suit.It seemed as if he found there was someone in theroom,so he went out to the next room where two ______(Frenchman) were sleeping.When he was looking for _______(money) or some(jewel)_______ in the next room,Mrs.Green woke up her husband quickly and called the _______(policeman).And then the thief knew what had happened.He was so scared that he took out a knife.Just then the police came up.Before the thief ran away,the police caught him.For Mrs.Green,it was really an unusual experience.Passage 2When I walked down ______Third Avenue,as ______rule,I used to look into the windows of _______old shop that sold old and beautiful things.Since I often took my walk after the closing time,I cupped my hands against _______windows to get _______small look at the treasures inside.Some things looked as if they had not been cared for ______long time,but I knew their beauty was still there beneath their own surface.I even thought they were _______most beautiful that I had ever seen.That was how I felt about old people,too.I knew their value,and it hurt me when others missed it.I was raised by my grandmother and given ______deep sense of the value of experience.Taught to behave well,my sister and I respected other people,regardless of their age or color.My grandmother was loved by all ______people around her.She was known to be ______wise and kind woman,who was able to do things well even in her last years.Old people should be treated as fine gold.They may be gradually tarnished by age,but they can be polished with respect.You might be surprised by their bright and shining qualities. Passage 3“Without the ball,I’m half complete of ______,”Luis Figo,one of the world’s greatest football players once said.The Portuguese played his first international match in 1991 at the age of 18 and has kept scoring ever since.He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing _______one hundredth match for his national team in a friendly match against England.A crowd of more than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for ______in Lisbon.“Figo,Figo,”_______(all,both)shouted excitedly when he walked onto the field.The Real Madrid player,31,wants to help his country in Euro 2004 and to win ______(another,other)Spanish Cup with Real Madrid.Madrid bought Figo from FC Barcelona for 60.1million dollars in 2000,and he showed _______(everyone,anyone)what a great player he was by winning FIFA’s Footballer of the Year award in 2001.“Figo works like an artist and has the skills to be the most complete player,”said FIFA President Joseph Blatter in 2001.“Figo ______is a real leader ______always tries his best on the field and a good team player.He doesn’t have any problems working together with his teammate at Real Madrid,star footballer David Beckham.”In fact,Figo was the first _______to welcome Beckham when he arrived.“We have a strong team,and we can help one _______ and work together to be successful,”Figo said.。

小学知识回放第一节词汇一、名词二、冠词三、代词四、形容词和副词五、数词六、动词七、介词第二节句子和时态一、句子二、时态小学知识回放第一节词汇一、名词知识回顾名词是指人或事物的名称。

1．总的来说，名词分为专有名词和普通名词两类。

专有名词是个别的人、事物、地点等专有的名称，如：Gina，China。

专有名词的第一个字母要大写。

2．名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。

可数名词有复数形式。

不可数名词一般没有复数形式。

还有一些词既可以充当可数名词，也可以充当不可数名词，如；ice cream，salad，chicken。

3．名词的数(1)可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

名词复数形式的部分规则变化如下：外，其余的直接加-s，读/z/.如:photo-photos, piano-pianos。

小学阶段我们也学过一些不规则名词的复数，如：man- men woman- women child-children sheep-sheepfoot- feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice (2) 小学阶段学过的一些不可数名词，归纳如下：饮料类：water coffee Coke juice milk食物类: rice bread肉类: chicken pork beef fish mutton4．名词所有格名词的所有格表示所属关系，其构成方法如下：温馨提示：以s结尾的单数名词或人名的所有格的构成是在其后加‘s，所有格读作/iz/，如：the actress’s /æktrәsiz/, James’s /’d3eimziz/。

典例分析1.写出下列名词的复数形式(1) boy __ (2) peach __ (3) woman ______________ (4) tomato _(5) sheep _______________ (6)glass _________________(7) faweekend （8）hobby（9）knife （10）child _____________________________ （11）mily __ （12）horse __2.选择填空。

Part 1 专项训练语法精讲一、冠词冠词用在名词之前，分不定冠词（a/an）和定冠词（the）两类。

考点1 不定冠词1. 表初次提及，非特指表示第一次提及某人或某物，非特指，需使用不定冠词。

The Wilsons live in an A-shaped house near the coast. It is a 17th-century cottage.威尔逊先生一家住在海边一个A 字形的房子里，那是一个17世纪的小屋。

2. 表数量“一个”不定冠词可以表示数量“一个”，意为one；不定冠词用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事，意为a certain。

—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? 您好，我可以和史密斯先生通话吗？—Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t a Mr. Smith here.对不起，您打错电话了。

这里没有叫史密斯的人。

3. 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后或so（as, too, how）+形容词之后不定冠词可用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后或者用于so（as, too, how）+形容词之后。

This room is rather a big one. 这个房间确实很大。

She is so lovely a girl that all of us like her very much.她是如此可爱的一个女孩，我们都非常喜欢她。

4. 用于某些抽象名词之前不定冠词可用于某些抽象名词之前，表示具体化。

It would be a pity to cut down these trees. 如果把这些树砍掉，那太可惜了。

He is a great success as a scientist. 作为科学家，他是一位了不起的成功人士。

中考语法目录语法一A.冠词a/an/the的常考点辨析B.可数名词与不可数名词的综合考点考查C.加's、s'和“of+名词”构成的名词所有格的用法辨析D.反身代词、人称代词和物主代词的常考点辨析E.不定代词(the) other/(the) others/another的用法辨析F.不定代词each/every/both/all的用法G.不定代词either/neither/none/both的用法A.语法二B.复合不定代词的综合运用C.数词的综合运用考查D.表示时间的介词(综合)E.方位介词的常考考点F.并列连词综合考点G.形容词原级、比较级和最高级的综合运用H.形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的转换I.副词原级、比较级和最高级的综合运用语法三A.系动词的综合运用B.情态动词的综合考点C.现在进行时与一般现在时的用法辨析D.一般现在时、现在进行时与一般将来时的用法辨析E.一般过去时和过去进行时的用法辨析F.现在完成时的结构和用法综合G.一般过去时和现在完成时的用法辨析H.What&How引导的感叹句语法四A.被动语态在各种时态中的综合运用B.主动语态与被动语态的转换C.时态和语态的综合运用D.特殊疑问句用法：综合E.反义疑问句：问句和答句F.祈使句的综合用法G.宾语从句的综合运用考查H.主谓一致的常考点综合语法五A.动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语的用法B.动词不定式的用法综合C.动名词作主语、宾语和表语的用法综合D.时间状语从句/原因状语从句的用法E.条件状语从句/让步状语从句的用法F.目的状语从句/结果状语从句的用法G.关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句的综合用法辨析H.交际用语的综合运用语法一A冠词a/an/the的常考点辨析1. 不定冠词(1) 不定冠词有两个：a和an。

a用于以辅音音素开头的单词之前，an用于以元音音素开头的单词之前。

当形容词修饰名词时，冠词要放在形容词的前面，这时用a或an取决于这个形容词的读音。

语法专项训练一冠词、名词、代词和数词冠词一、单项选择1.(2017·四川宜宾中考)Li Qiang is honest boy. He wants to be useful person when he grows up.A.a; anB.an; aC.a; a答案:B解析:honest是以元音音素开头的单词, 故前面用冠词an; useful是以辅音音素开头的单词, 故前面用a。

故答案为B项。

2.There is book in my backpack. book is very heavy.A.a; TheB.a; AC.the; AD.the; The答案:A3.My mother cooked delicious meal. After meal, we went shopping.A.a; /B.the; /C.a; theD.an; the答案:C解析:第一个空是第一次提到, 表泛指; 第二个空表特指, 故答案为C项。

4.—People can’t live without water.—Yes, I think so.A.aB.anC.theD./答案:D解析:water是物质类不可数名词, 其前面不加冠词。

5.We can’t see sun at night.A.the; theB.the; /C.a; /D./; /答案:B6.(2018·甘肃白银中考)The man is driving at 40 kilometres hour.A.aB.anC.theD./答案:B7.One afternoon he found handbag. There was “s” on the corner of handbag.A.a; an; theB.a; a; theC.an; an; anD.the; a; a答案:A8. Great Wall is longest wall in the world.A.A; aB.The; theC.A; theD.The; a答案:B9. woman over there is popular teacher in our school.A.A; anB.The; aC.The; theD.A; the答案:B10.Robert is good at playing piano although he is only 11-year-old boy.A./; theB.the; anC.a; /D.the; the答案:B解析:句意: 罗伯特尽管只有11岁但他擅长弹钢琴。

专题一名词和冠词（一）名词知识点一名词的数1.可数名词单数变复数的规则(1)一般在名词词尾直接加s。

friend朋友→friends nation国家→nations interest兴趣→interestschange变化→changesmember成员→memberspainting油画→paintings(2)词尾是s，x，ch，sh时一般加es。

bus公共汽车→buses fox狐狸→foxes coach教练→coaches bush灌木丛→bushes 注意：stomach(胃部)等词的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。

(3)词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为i再加es。

enemy敌人→enemies hobby业余爱好→hobbies difficulty困难→difficulties 词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。

guy家伙→guys key钥匙→keys(4)词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。

shelf架子→shelves knife刀子→knives wolf狼→wolves calf牛犊→calves housewife家庭主妇→housewives(5)词尾是o的名词，有些直接加s，有些加es。

bamboo竹子→bamboos tomato番茄→tomatoes potato土豆→potatoes实录：名词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、状语、同位语以及称呼语，但不能作谓语。

记法：规则变化名词单数变复数，直接加-s占多数；s，x，z，ch，sh来结尾，直接加上-es；词尾是f或fe，加-s之前先变ve；辅母＋y在词尾，把y变i再加-es；词尾字母若是o，常用三个已足够，要加-es请记好，hero, tomato, potato。

2.常用特殊名词的复数形式(1)单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊deer鹿aircraft飞行器Chinese中国人Japanese日本人means手段works工厂series系列(2)自身有特殊变化的名词child孩子→childrenman男人→men woman女人→womentooth牙→teet hfoot脚；英尺→feetmouse老鼠→micecriterion标准→criteriaphenomenon现象→phenomenamedium传播媒介→media(3)合成名词的复数变化规则①有中心名词的合成词的复数，是在中心名词后加-s。

英语专题复习（一）---名词、代词一、词的数和名词的格。

（一）名词的数 1、名词可数名词和不可数名词之分1）可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

复数名词的规则变化大家回忆一下。

【注意】1） 与man 和woman 构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women 。

例如：anEnglishman ，two Englishmen 。

2） German 不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans ；3） man, woman 等作定语时，它的单复数以其所修饰的名词的单复数而定，如：men workers ， women teachers 。

4）有个别名词单复数一样，例如：Chinese ，Japanese ，sheep ，deer ，fish 等。

5）当fish 表示不同种类的鱼时，可以加复数词尾。

6）单数形式但其意为复数的名词有：people, police 等。

7）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式，中间加连字符。

ten-minutes’walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk 。

trousers ，clothes ，chopsticks ，glasses ，goods ，ashes ，scissors ，compasses 。

physics, mathematics/maths ，游bowls ，专有名词：the United States, Niagara Falls ，其他名词：news,―量‖的表示方法在英语中，不可数名词如果要表示―量‖的概念，可以用以下两种方法： 1）用much, a little, a lot of/lots of, some, any 等表示多少，例如：The rich man has a lot of money ． There is some milk in the bottle ．Is there any water in the glass ？I don't like winter because there's too much snow and ice ．2）用a piece of 这类定语，例如： a piece of paper a piece of wood a piece of breada bottle of orange a glass of water （milk ） a cup of teaa cup of tea a bag of rice three bags of rice如果要表示―两杯茶‖、―四张纸‖这类概念时，在容器后加复数，例如：two cups of tea four pieces of paperthree glasses of water 不可数名词也可用a lot of, lots of, some, any, much 等来修饰。