高中英语Unit15Lessons1-2Grammar-虚拟语气(一)讲练北师版必修5
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高中英语 module 5 unit 15 第一第二第三条件句(虚拟语气)综合讲解 北师大版必修5
Translate the sentence
• 假如我是你，我会放弃吸烟的。 • If I were you, I would give up smoking. • Were I you, I would give up smoking.
• 非真实条件句要注意1:
• 条件句If 可以省略，条件句变为倒装句 • 若非真实条件句中有 were, had, should 等词时，可省略 if, 而将 were, had, should 移到句首。
• Fill in the blank: • 1. Mike failed the college entrance exam. His mother said to him “ If you _________ (work) hard at school, you had worked __________( be) a college student now. would be
综合练习3： Multiple Choice
• 1. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _______ in love, at the age of seven, with the library in my hometown. (02′上海) • A.wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen • C.should fall D. were to fall • 2.______ for the free tickets, I wouldn’t have gone to the films so often.(上海95) A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not • 3. If you ______ him yesterday, you would know what to do now. A. asked B. ask • C. had asked D. would have asked
grammar(虚拟语气)
8. It’s necessary/strange/natural/ important/pity/no wonder/impossible + that---Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟, 即 (should)+动词原形 It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. It’s necessary that we should study hard.
将来:
Would\could\sho uld\might+v
He behaves as if he owned the house.
(But he doesn’t own it or probably doesn’t own it or we don’t know whether he owns it or not.)
一. 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法。
条件 If 从句的谓语形 从句 式 主句的谓语形式 would/could/should/ might +V (原) would/could/should/ might+have+p.p.
现在
过去
V. + ed (were) had done
1.V.+ ed. would/could/should 未来 2. should+ V.(原) /might +V. (原) 3. were to do
与将来事实相反
If 从句:1.V.+ ed. 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were to do 主句:would/could/should/might +V. (原)
高中英语之虚拟语气详细讲解
虚拟语气（1）——倒推时态类定义：虚拟语气是一种动词形式，有两种意思 1.表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等（非真实条件状从和让步状从）2.表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议（名词性从句：主宾表同）使用情景 1.用来表达一个假设或纯粹的意愿（与事实相反或不太可能实现）（如果我是宇航员，我要在月球上跳舞）2.用来缓和语气，使句子更委婉、礼貌、得体（如果你能接受我的邀请，我将不胜感激）3.表示烦恼、不耐烦等情绪（你要是能考上大学，全家都烧高香了）4.表示适度的责备或批评（如果你那时更耐心点，现在我们都成功了）5.表示美好的祝愿或祝福（祝你成功）1.虚拟条件句一般虚拟条件句混合虚拟语气（错综时间条件句）定义：条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为发生的时间不一致例子：If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果那时你听了我的建议，现在已经好了If it hadn’t been for you, I would have to make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话，我明天还要再走一趟。
If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前努力学习的话，你现在就是大学生了。
省略+倒装当虚拟条件句的谓语动词中含有were，should，had时，if可以省略，并将were,should,had提前于句首，变为倒装句。
如果虚拟条件句是否定句，not 保留在原处If he should agree to go there, we should send him there.= Should he agree to go there,we should send him there.If she were there,she would agree with us.= Were she were, she would agree with us.If he had learnt about computers,we would have hired him.= Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him.含蓄虚拟条件句定义：有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件状语从句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件从句分类：1) but for....=(If it+be not for) ；without；Without your help ,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.= If it hadn’t been for your help,we couldn’t have finished the work ahead of time.没有你的帮助，我们不可能完成任务。
虚拟语气练习
虚拟语气语法讲解附带练习题虚拟语气表示用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气的重点是：虚拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，含蓄条件句中的虚拟语气和表示愿望的虚拟形式等。
(一)虚拟语气的常见句型(1)由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：A用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式(be动词用were)。
B用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would,could,might+动词原形。
C wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could,would+have+动词过去分词。
(2)had hoped引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
(3)would(had)rather,would as soon,would sooner和wouldprefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。
例如：I'd rather you posted the letter right away.我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿呆得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
(4)It's (high,about) time that句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
例如：It's very late.It's time we had to go.天太晚了，我们得走了。
高中英语 Unit15 Lessons3-4 Grammar-虚拟语气(二)讲练 北师版必修5
虚拟语气（二）上期我们学习了非真实条件句中虚拟语气的运用，本期我们将重点讲解虚拟语气在其它句式中的运用。
1. 虚拟语气用于宾语从句◆wish后的宾语从句从句谓语可用一般过去式（be动词多用were）表示与现在事实相反的假设；用“had +过去分词”表示与过去事实相反的假设；用“would +动词原形”表示一种希望。
如：I wish I were a bit taller.I wish I had more time.I wish you hadn’t told me all this.I wish you would stay a little longer.◆would rather后的宾语从句从句谓语多用相当于过去式的形式，表示现在或将来的情况。
如：—Do you mind if I smoke here?—I’d rather you didn’t.Nancy would rather Roy came to see her tomorrow.◆在command, demand, desire, insist, order, request, require, suggest, urge 等表示要求、坚持、命令、建议、愿望等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
如：They demanded that the report (should) be made public.Barbara insisted that I (should) stay and fight.注意：①当suggest表示“暗示，说明”，insist表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，从句谓语不用虚拟语气，而用正常的陈述语气。
如：All the evidence suggests that he stole the money.She kept insisting that she was innocent.②suggestion, order, request, insistence等名词后的that从句中，谓语也用虚拟语气，即：“should +动词原形”，should可以省略。
高中虚拟语气的讲解+练习+详解
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。
根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句（1）表示与现在事实相反If I had enough money now, I would lend it to you.（2）表示与过去事实相反If he had taken your advice, he wouldn’t have made such a bad mistake.（3）表示与将来事实相反I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow.1. 虚拟条件句的倒装在虚拟条件句中，为了强调所假设条件的虚拟性，或突出说话人的一种主观愿望，虚拟条件句可用倒装结构。
虚拟条件句的倒装是通过去掉if，把条件从句谓语中的助动词、情态动词或系动词放在句首实现的。
例如：Had I been（= If I had been ） in that situation， I would not have let the thief escape away with so much money.Should there be （= If there should be） a drought， what should we do at that time ？2. 错综时间条件句有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间来确定。
例如：If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years ，thing s wouldn’t be going so smoothly.3. 含蓄条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句的形式表现出来，而是通过某个介词或介词短语（如：with，otherwise，without，but for，in that position）、上下文或其它方式表现出来。
高中英语虚拟语气讲解及练习
虚拟语气-高中英语语法精讲精练虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。
虚拟语气可分为三种:(1一般虚拟(2混合虚拟(3特殊句式一.一般虚拟的构成:(省略if, 要将should/were/had 提到句首(1. 对现在的虚拟:If S. did/were sth., S. would/could/should doIf I had time, I would attend the meeting.If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.(2 对过去的虚拟:If S. had p.p, S. would/could/should have p.pIf you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam.(3 对将来的虚拟:If S. did/were/should do/were to do, S would/should/could do sth.If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day.注意:Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded.Had it not rained, we would have gone out for a walk.Were I you, I would not do such a thing.二.混合虚拟:(1不同时间的虚拟:If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(2 虚拟与陈述的混合:He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough.You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.三.特殊句式:(1.suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demand that clause (should do/doHe suggested that we (should save money for the future.(insist的判断(2 It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that clause(should do/do(主语从句(3 My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do (表语从句His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that clause(should do/do is.. (同位语从句(4 It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应如此等。
高中英语语法系列--虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实(表示客观事实要用陈述语气)。
虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。
虚拟语气常用于复合句中，也可用于简单句。
比较：If she asks me tomorrow,I shall do it.如果她明天请求我，我会做的。
(陈述语气，说话人认为请求的可能性大)If she asked me tomorrow, I should do it. 假如她明天请求我，我会做的。
(虚拟语气，说话人认为请求的可能性小或不可能请求)1 虚拟语气的用法1-1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1)表示与现在事实相反的情况If I were/was not busy today, I should go with you.如果我今天有空，我会同你一起去的。
If he were/was here,he might talk with you.如果他在这里，他可能会同你谈谈。
If I were you,I wouldn't accept her suggestion.如果我是你，我不会接受她的建议。
If I knew the answer to the question,I should/ would tell you.如果我知道问题的答案，我当然会告诉你。
If we left now, we should/would arrive there in time.如果我们现在就动身，我们会准时到达那里。
If he didn't do exercise every day,he wouldn't be so strong.如果他不每天锻炼，他不会那样强壮的。
If it weren't raining, we would go fishing.要是现在不下雨，我们就去钓鱼了。
北师大版高中英语必修5 Unit15 语法全解-其他句型中虚拟语气用法解析
语法全解-其他句型中虚拟语气用法解析一、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1．英语中，如：advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should) + 原形动词。
如：The teacher advised that we should make good use of every minute here. 老师劝我们要好好地利用在这儿的每一分钟。
The Party asked that we should serve the people with our heart and soul. 党要求我们要全心全意地为人民服务。
但是，当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。
如：Tom insisted that he hadn’t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。
His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。
2.believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine 等动词的否定句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。
其虚拟语气的结构为：should + 原形动词。
如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest?你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？3.英语中，wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。
高中英语 Unit 15 Learning Section Grammar 虚拟语气课时作业 北师大版必修五
Unit 15 Learning Section Ⅵ GrammarⅠ.用所给词的适当形式填空1．If I ________(am) you，I would give that patient a hug.答案：were2．It is raining so heavily.If the rain____________________(stop) this afternoon，we could go out for a walk.答案：were to stop/should stop/stopped3．All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he__________(be) badly wounded and that he________________(operate) on at once.答案：was；(should) be operated4．How I wish every family________(have) a large house with a beautiful garden.答案：had5．If everyone in the country________(know) first aid，many lives would be saved.答案：knew6．Tom wishes that he ______________(study) business instead of history when he was in university.答案：had studied7．—John went to the hospital alone.—If he________________(tell) me about it，I would have gone with him.答案：had told8．My father was strict.He requested that I____________________(not watch) television on this week nights.答案：(should) not watch9．If you ________________(not see) the film lastnight，you wouldn’t be so sleepy now.答案：hadn’t seen10．If I________________(study) harder，I would have passed the entrance exam.答案：had studied11．Had we not used an out－of－date train schedule，we______________________(not miss) the train.答案：would not have missed12．It is politely requested by the hotel that all the guests__________________(not make) any noise after midnight.答案：shouldn’t make13．I would have come earlier，but I________________(not know) you were waiting for me.答案：didn’t know14．But for your help，I____________________(not find) the right place.答案：wouldn’t have found15．Had I seen the film，I______________________(discuss) it with them last night.答案：would have discussedⅡ.翻译句子1．如果他要来的话，他会事先通知我们一声的。
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虚拟语气（一）条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种。
真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，主从句皆用陈述语气；非真实条件句所表的假设是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，主从句皆用虚拟语气。
接下来，我们一起看看非真实条件句中的虚拟语气。
★当主从句所表示的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整，主从句按各自的时间采用相应的谓语形式。
如：If he had bee n trying hard, his pare nts would not be so worried.If he knew this, it would have had to be by accide nt.If I were not busy, I would have come.★如果if条件句中有were, had, should等词时，可以省去if，把这几个词放在句首。
如：Were you in my positi on, you would do the same.Had she bee n asked, she would have done it.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.【即学即练】I. 从括号内选择正确的选项填空。
1. If I _______ (met / shall meet) him tomorrow, I should have a talk with him.If I _______ (am / were) him, I would not use the computer just to play games,to chat, or to listen to music; I _________ ____ (would learn / will learn) some knowledge and skills, which will be helpful in the future.2. If I _______ (had / had had) time last night, I _____________ (had gone / would havegone) to see the film with you. If I had gone to the cinema, I __________ (will see/ would have seen) my favourite film star in the flesh and I ______________ (would have take n / will have take n) a photo with her.3. _______ (Were / Am) I a pare nt, I would have a lot of rules at my house. However,I would take time to do things for my children. And I ________________ (will allow / would allow) them to develop their own hobbies and to choose their own clothes.4. If we had arrived at the shopp ing mall earlier, we ______ (will get / wouldget) more gifts now.II. 从括号内选出正确的选项完成下列句子。
1. We (could have won / won) the big game if we had practiced more.2. If I (had known / kn ew) you were wait ing for me, I would have walked faster.3. If you (had lived / lived) there for a while, you would cha nge your mind about that place.4. If I (h ad knew / kn ew) the an swer to all your qu estio ns, I would be a genius(天才).5. If Eve (had spoke n / spoke) to him yesterday, she should know what to do now.III. 根据汉语意思补全下列句子(每空一词) 。
1. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你一些。
If I had money with me, I _________________________________ .2. 如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错了。
If he __________________________________ , he would not have made such a mistake.3. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不去滑冰了。
If there ________ a heavy snow n ext Sun day, we __________________________________ . 4. 如果贝蒂知道你的地址，她早就给你写信了。
_______ Betty ________ y our address, she would have writte n to you.5. 如果我还年轻，我会努力学习取得学位。
_______________________ , I would study hard to get a degree.IV. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式补全下列对话。
Tom: What ________ ”you________ (do) at this moment if you were at home?Henry: Playi ng cards, maybe.Tom: If I had known you liked cards, I ________(buy) some yesterday. If I happe nto see them tomorrow, I ________ (buy) them.Henry: Oh, if I liked them so much, I _________(bri ng) some with me yesterday. I (not, mind) at all if I didn ' t play here. We only (waste) this nice weather if we were playi ng cards no w. It (be) muchni cer if we could go for a walk.Tom: Why not?V. 从A、B、C D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. If my car ____ more reliable, I would have drive n to Lhasa in stead of flyinglast summer.(陕西2012)A. wasB. had bee nC. should beD. would be2. Sorry, I am too busy no w. If I ____ time, I would certa inly go for an outi ngwith you.（湖南2012）A. have hadB. had hadC.have D. had3. Grace doesn ' t want to move to New York because she thinks is he wouldn' t be able to see her（安徽2012）A. livesB. would liveC.D. were to live4. If we ______ adequate preparations, the conference successful.A. haven ' t madeB. wouldn ' t makeC.r f she _____ there, pare nts very ofte n. has livedwouldn' t have been so（山东2012）didn ' t makeD. hadn ' t made5. Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _____________ .（浙江2010）A. would have bee n savedB. had bee n savedC. will be savedD. was savedVI.根据图片内容，用虚拟语气改写句子。
You have an office ch air with wheels. The dog is pushi ng the chair around theroom now.If the chair didn ' t have wheels, the dog _______________ p ushing it aroundthe room now.1.2.You left your dogs at home alone all day. They are begg ing you fora walk now.If you ________ y our dogs at home alone all da y, they wouldn ' t bebegg ing you for a walk now.3.The lights in the restaura nt are bli ndi ng （刺眼的）.If we improved the lighti ng, it _____________ （make） the restaura nt feelmore roma ntic.I. 1. met; were; would lear n 2. had had; would have gone; would have see n; wouldhave taken 3. Were; would allow 4. would getII. 1. could have won 2. had known 3. lived 4. knew 5. had spoke nIII. 1. would lend you some 2. had taken my advice 3. were; would not go skating4. Had; known5. Were I youngIV. would; be doing; would have bought; shall / will buy; would have brought; wouldn' t mind; would; be wasting; would beV. 1-5 BDDDAVI. 1. wouldn ' t be 2. hadn ' t left 3. would make。