化学专业英语词汇表

化学专业英语词汇表

本文介绍了化学专业需要用到的英语词汇，包括基础的化学术语、常用的化学分支、常用的化学实验和常用的化学反应。文章采用表格形式列出了中文和英文对照的词汇，并给出了一些例句和注释，以便于理解和记忆。文章的目的是帮助化学专业的学生和研究者提高英语水平，更好地阅读和撰写化学相关的文献和报告。一、基础化学术语

中文英文例句或注释化学chemistryChemistry is the science of matter and its transformations. 化学是研究物质及其变化的科学。元素elementAn element is a substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances bychemical means. 元素是一种不能通过化学手段分解为更简单物质的物质。原子atomAn atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the chemical properties of thatelement. 原子是元素的最小单位，保持了该元素的化学性质。原子核nucleusThe nucleus is the central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons. 原子核是原子的中心部分，包含了质子和中子。质子protonA proton is a positively charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 质子是一种带正电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核中。中子neutronA neutron is a neutrally charged subatomic particle, found in the nucleus of an atom. 中子是一种不带电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核中。电子electronAn electron is a negatively charged subatomic particle, found outside the nucleus of anatom. 电子是一种带负电的亚原子粒子，存在于原子核外。原子数atomic numberThe atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, whichdetermines the identity of the element. 原子数是原子核中质子的数量，决定了元素的身份。质量数mass numberThe mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, whichdetermines the mass of the atom. 质量数是原子核中质子和中子的总和，决定了原子的质量。同位素isotopeAn isotope is an atom of the same element that has a different number of neutrons, andtherefore a different mass number. 同位素是同一元素的不同原子，它们具有不同数量的中子，因此具有不同的质量数。原子量atomic mass (or atomicweight)The atomic mass is the average mass of all the isotopes of an element, weighted by theirnatural abundance. 原子量是一个元素所有同位素的平均质量，按照它们在自然界中的丰度加权计算。分子moleculeA molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds. 分子是由两个或多个原子通过化学键连接在一起的组合。分子式molecular formulaThe molecular formula is a notation that shows the type and number of atoms in amolecule. 分子式是一种表示分子中原子种类和数量的符号。结构式structural formulaThe structural formula is a notation that shows how the atoms in a molecule are arrangedand bonded. 结构式是一种表示分子中原子排列和键合方式的符号。离子ionAn ion is an atom or a group of atoms that has a net electric charge, due to the loss orgain of electrons. 离子是一种原子或原子团，由于失去或获得电子而具有净电荷。阳离子cationA cation is a positively charged ion, due to the loss of electrons. 阳离子是一种带正电的离子，由于失去电子而形成。阴离子anionAn anion is a negatively charged ion, due to the gain of electrons. 阴离子是一种带负电的离子，由于获得电子而形成。中文英文例句或注释离子化合物ionic compoundAn ionic compound is a compound composed of cations and anions, held together byelectrostatic attraction. 离子化合物是由阳离子和阴离子组成的化合物，通过静电吸引力连接在一起。化合物compoundA compound is a substance composed of two or more different elements, chemicallycombined in a fixed ratio. 化合物是由两种或多种不同元素按照固定比例化学结合而成的物质。混合物mixtureA mixture is a combination of two or more substances, physically mixed but notchemically combined. 混合物是由两种或多种物质物理混合而不是化学结合而成的组合。纯净物pure substanceA pure substance is a substance that has a constant composition and fixed properties,either an element or a compound. 纯净物是一种具有恒定成分和固定性质的物质，可以是元素或化合物。同质混合物homogeneous mixtureA homogeneous mixture is a mixture that has a uniform composition and appearancethroughout. 同质混合物是一种具有均匀成分和外观的混合物。异质混合物heterogeneous mixtureA heterogeneous mixture is a mixture that has a non-uniform composition andappearance throughout. 异质混合物是一种具有不均匀成分和外观的混合物。

溶液solutionA solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, usually consisting of asolvent and one or more solutes. 溶液是由两种或多种物质组成的同质混合物，通常包含一个溶剂和一个或多个溶质。溶剂solventA solvent is the substance that dissolves another substance in a solution, usually presentin the largest amount. 溶剂是在溶液中溶解另一种物质的物质，通常占最大比例。溶质soluteA solute is the substance that is dissolved by another substance in a solution, usuallypresent in the smallest amount. 溶质是在溶液中被另一种物质溶解的物质，通常占最小比例。浓度concentrationThe concentration is the amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent orsolution. 浓度是在一定量的溶剂或溶液中溶解的溶质的量。摩尔浓度molarity (or molarconcentration)The molarity is the concentration expressed as the number of moles of solute per liter ofsolution. 摩尔浓度是以每升溶液中溶质的摩尔数表示的浓度。质量百分比浓度mass percentconcentration (or masspercentage)The mass percent concentration is the concentration expressed as the mass of soluteper 100 mass units of solution. 质量百分比浓度是以每100个质量单位的溶液中溶质的质量表示的浓度。

分数浓度fraction concentration(or fraction)The fraction concentration is the concentration expressed as the ratio of the amount ofsolute to the total amount of solution. 分数浓度是以溶质的量与溶液总量的比值表示的浓度。摩尔分数mole fractionThe mole fraction is the fraction concentration expressed as the number of moles ofsolute per mole of solution. 摩尔分数是以每摩尔溶液中溶质的摩尔数表示的分数浓度。饱和溶液saturated solutionA saturated solution is a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that canbe dissolved at a given temperature and pressure. 饱和溶液是一种含有在一定温度和压力下能够溶解的最大量溶质的溶液。不饱和溶液unsaturated solutionAn unsaturated solution is a solution that contains less than the maximum amount ofsolute that can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure. 不饱和溶液是一种含有在一定温度和压力下能够溶解的最大量溶质以下的溶质的溶液。过饱和溶液supersaturatedsolutionA supersaturated solution is a solution that contains more than the maximum amount ofsolute that can be dissolved at a given temperature and pressure, usually prepared bycooling a saturated solution. 过饱和溶液是一种含有在一定温度和压力下能够溶解的最大量溶质以上的溶质的溶液，通常通过冷却饱和溶液制备。