MCM文件制作指南

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文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by the editor. I hope that after you download them, they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types of practical materials, such as educational essays, diary appreciation, sentence excerpts, ancient poems, classic articles, topic composition, work summary, word parsing, copy excerpts,other materials and so on, want to know different data formats and writing methods, please pay attention!MCM (Multi-Chip Module) technology is a cutting-edge manufacturing process that allows for the integration of multiple chips on a single package, enabling higher performance and functionality in electronic devices. This technology has revolutionized the semiconductor industry by shrinking the size ofelectronic components while increasing their capabilities. In this article, we will delve into the intricate details of the MCM process, exploring the various steps involved and the benefits it offers to the electronic industry.1. Introduction to MCM TechnologyMCM technology combines multiple chips, such as processors, memory modules, and controllers, onto a single package, allowing for enhanced performance and functionality in electronic devices. This approach offers several advantages over traditional single-chip designs, including increased speed, reduced power consumption, and improved thermal management.2. Basic Components of MCMThe key components of an MCM include the following:- Substrate: A substrate is a base material on which the chips are mounted and interconnected. It provides mechanical support and electrical connections between the chips.- Chips: The individual semiconductor chips are placed on the substrate and interconnected using wire bonding or flip-chip bonding techniques.- Interconnects: Interconnections between the chips are made using metal traces on the substrate, providing pathways for datatransfer and power distribution.3. MCM Manufacturing ProcessThe MCM manufacturing process consists of the following steps:1. Design and Layout: The first step in the MCM process is the design and layout of the substrate and chips. This involves determining the placement of the chips, routing the interconnects,and optimizing the layout for performance and reliability.2. Substrate Fabrication: The substrate is fabricated using specialized materials such as ceramics, organic laminates, or silicon. The substrate is then patterned with metal traces andvias to create the interconnect pathways.3. Chip Attachment: The individual chips are attached to the substrate using wire bonding or flip-chip bonding techniques. This step requires precision alignment and careful bonding to ensure reliable connections.4. Interconnect Formation: Metal traces are deposited on the substrate to create the interconnects between the chips. This involves lithography, etching, and metal deposition processes to pattern the traces and vias.5. Encapsulation: The MCM assembly is encapsulated with aprotective material, such as epoxy resin or molding compound, to protect the chips and interconnects from mechanical stress and environmental factors.6. Testing and Quality Assurance: The final MCM package undergoes rigorous testing to ensure all the chips are functioning correctly and the interconnects are intact. This includes electrical testing, thermal testing, and reliability testing to validate the performance of the MCM assembly.4. Benefits of MCM TechnologyMCM technology offers several benefits to the electronic industry, including:1. Higher Performance: By integrating multiple chips on a single package, MCM technology allows for increased processing power andfunctionality in electronic devices.2. Space-saving: MCM designs are more compact than traditional single-chip designs, enabling smaller and lighter electronic products.3. Improved Reliability: The use of multiple chips provides redundancy and fault tolerance, enhancing the reliability of electronic systems.4. Scalability: MCM technology is highly scalable, allowing for the integration of additional chips or functionalities as needed.5. Cost-effective: Despite the complexity of the manufacturing process, MCM technology can be cost-effective for high-volume production due to its efficiency and performance advantages.5. Applications of MCM TechnologyMCM technology is widely used in various industries, including:- Telecommunications: MCMs are used in networking equipment, base stations, and satellite communications systems to provide high-speed data processing and transmission capabilities.- Consumer Electronics: MCMs are found in smartphones, tablets, and wearable devices to enable advanced features such asartificial intelligence, augmented reality, and high-resolution displays.- Automotive: MCMs are used in advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS), electric vehicle powertrains, and infotainment systems to enhance safety and performance.- Aerospace and Defense: MCMs are employed in avionics, radar systems, and military communications systems to meet the stringent requirements of the aerospace and defense industries.6. Future Trends in MCM TechnologyThe future of MCM technology looks promising, with emerging trends such as:- 3D Integration: MCMs are moving towards vertical integration, with multiple layers of chips stacked on top of each other to increase functionality and performance.- Heterogeneous Integration: MCMs are incorporating different types of chips, such as processors, memory modules, and sensors, to enable a wide range of applications and functionalities.- Advanced Packaging Techniques: MCM technology is evolving with innovative packaging techniques, such as fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) and system-in-package (SiP), to enhance performance and scalability.In conclusion, MCM technology is a transformative manufacturing process that offers significant advantages in terms of performance, reliability, and scalability for electronic devices. By integrating multiple chips on a single package, MCMs enable the development of advanced electronic products with enhanced features and capabilities. As the electronic industry continues to evolve, MCM technology is poised to play a crucial role in driving innovation and shaping the future of electronic devices.。

威尔克姆制版软件简明教程第一节电脑绣花制版基本知识1、花样编辑器和花样浏览器：威尔克姆软件包由花样编辑器和花样浏览器组成；花样编辑器即制版软件，它是电脑绣花制版和设计的主程序，它可以设计、编辑和修改花型，并将已设计好的花型输入到绣花磁盘上，在桌面上的图标为花样浏览器是编辑器的一个辅助程序,在桌面上的图标为它专用于查看和管理已设计好的EMB格式的花形,并可进行一些简单的辅助性操作,如通过双击EMB格式的花型图象可直接打开文件、格式化磁盘、删除、复制花样、将花样文件转换到绣花磁盘上等。

要运行浏览器，必须先打开花样编辑器；读者要注意，花样浏览器不能直接查看 DST或DSB等电脑绣花机可读入的文件，这些类型的文件可由富怡花样管理软件来查看。

2、花样文件格式和绣花磁盘文件格式通常情况下，不论是什么制版软件，它所设计出来的花型都是以一种电脑绣花机不能直接读出的文件格式保存下来的，然后再转换成电脑绣花能读出的格式。

例如：DOS版本的田岛软件所生成的花型设计文件格式为*.ESD，Windows版本的田岛软件所成的花样文件格式为*.EMB，Windows版本的威尔克姆软件所成的花样文件格式为*.EMB ，DOS版本的天木软件所生成的花样文件格式为*.ndp等；这些格式的文件电脑绣花机都不能直接使用,必须转换成*.DST(田岛绣花机三进制格式)或*.DSB(百灵达二进制格式),电脑绣花机才能读进内存进行绣花。

为什么制版软件所生成的花型设计文件（EMB格式）绣花机不能读进呢？这是因花样设计文件实际上是一种特殊的格式的图形文件，它含有图象信息（如图形大小、色彩、相对位置等信息）和制版编辑信息（如选用的针迹类型和密度等信息），而绣花机只能读DST（三进制）或DSB（二进制）格式的针位文件，因为绣花机的步进电机X轴和Y轴的位移尺寸（最低偏移量为0.1mm）以及停止、换色、剪线等控制信息只能用二进制或三进制来编码。

由此可见，DST或DSB格式的文件是由EMB文件经过滤除去制版信息转换而来的。

3种方法来制作Minecraft纹理包在开头菜单的搜寻栏内输入“%appdata%”。

点击“Roaming”（漫游）。

进入".Minecraft"文件夹。

打开bin文件夹。

使用WinRar ，打开Minecraft 的jar文件。

这个文件看起来类似Minecraft.jar 这样的，或者直接就一个Minecraft的名字（鼠标移上去，看看是否是jar文件），你可以在任何和WinRar类似的解压缩程序内，把这个文件打开，查看内部的压缩文件。

把需要的文件拷到新文件夹里。

把这个文件夹放在好记的地方，取个好记的名字（即新纹理包的名字）。

把全部的文件夹，包括其他的必要文件（.png 、 .txt、particles.png 以及 terrain.png）移动到新文件夹内。

把jar文件关闭，进入新文件夹中。

现在你可以查看全部Minecraft的纹理文件了。

看看想要编辑哪些文件。

右键点击，选择“打开方式”，选择想要用的编辑软件来编辑。

想要设计什么纹理？先构思一下要设计的内容。

你可以想想嬉戏中房子的设计，也可以看看网上别人怎么设计的，找点灵感。

用你选择的编辑软件来编辑。

你可以直接用微软画图软件，一般的标准Windows系统都有，里面可以编辑嬉戏图片的各个像素。

你也可以轻松更改画面纹理，比如加上新颜色等。

自制纹理。

用更好的设计软件，或者多花点时间，多点决心，你可以从零开头，做好自己的纹理包。

这和上一步一样，也是编辑工作，但是你需要给画面做更重大的转变，甚至做个完全的大翻修。

你需要多花时间和技巧才能做好，所以没有预备好前，先不要涉足自制纹理哦。

打开Minecraft文件夹。

找“Texture Packs”文件夹。

打开"texture pack" 文件夹。

把你的新纹理包复制进去。

把你编辑好的纹理包，复制到之前打开的纹理包文件夹里。

假如是Mac OS用户，就到： /Users/your username/Library/Application Support/minecraft/texturepacks ，把你的纹理包放那儿。

美赛附录格式
（中英文实用版）
Appendix Format for MCM/ICM
美赛附录格式的要求如下：
美赛附录部分的格式要求如下：
1.所有附录内容应集中在一个单独的附录文件中，不要在论文正文中插入附录。

2.附录文件应以“Appendix”作为文件名，并按照提交论文的要求进行排版。

3.附录中的每个部分应以“Appendix A”、“Appendix B”等格式进行编号。

4.附录中的表格、图形、方程等应与正文中的引用保持一致，并在附录中给出详细说明。

5.附录中的文本应保持清晰、简洁，并避免过多的重复内容。

6.附录中的数据、图表等应确保准确无误，并与正文中的分析结果相符合。

7.附录中的引用文献应按照美赛规定的引用格式进行标注。

8.附录中的公式、符号、单位等应按照美赛规定的格式进行排版。

The format requirements for the appendix section of the MCM/ICM competition are as follows:
1.All appendix content should be集中在一个单独的附录文件中，不要在论文正文中插入附录。

威尔克姆制版软件简明教程
一、界面介绍
二、创建新文档
打开威尔克姆制版软件后，通过菜单栏的“文件”-“新建”命令，或者快捷键Ctrl+N创建一个新的文档。

在弹出的对话框中，设置文档的参数，如纸张尺寸、分辨率等。

三、绘制对象
在绘图区域使用鼠标选择绘图工具，如直线工具、矩形工具、椭圆工具等，然后在绘图区域点击并拖动鼠标进行绘制。

在属性栏中可以设置对象的属性，如线条颜色、填充颜色等。

五、使用图层
图层是威尔克姆制版软件中用于组织和管理对象的重要工具。

通过菜单栏的“窗口”-“图层”命令，打开图层面板。

在图层面板中，可以新建、删除、重命名图层，并通过拖拽调整图层的顺序。

六、导入图片
通过菜单栏的“文件”-“导入”命令，或者快捷键Ctrl+I可以将外部图片导入到威尔克姆制版软件中。

导入的图片可以在绘图区域中进行拖拽、缩放、旋转等操作。

七、应用样式
八、打印和输出
排版设计完成后，通过菜单栏的“文件”-“打印”命令，或者快捷
键Ctrl+P可以进行打印设置。

在打印设置对话框中，可以选择打印机、
纸张尺寸、打印质量等参数。

也可以通过菜单栏的“文件”-“输出”命令，将设计作为图片或PDF文件输出。

九、保存和导出
通过菜单栏的“文件”-“保存”命令，或者快捷键Ctrl+S可以将设
计保存为威尔克姆制版软件的文件格式。

通过菜单栏的“文件”-“导出”命令，选择导出的文件格式，如JPEG、PNG、PDF等。

十、其他功能
以上是对威尔克姆制版软件的简明教程，希望能够帮助您快速上手使
用威尔克姆制版软件，并进行优秀的排版设计！。

THE Q uest of the MCMConquering the Math Contest in Modeling)sponsors the Math-ematical Contest in Modeling(MCM),an international contest for undergraduates.We will discuss our strategy for developing models,writing the paper,the contest timeline,and team dynamics.Contents1What is the MCM?2 2A Strong Paper4 3A Strong Team10 4A Strong Timeline14 5Searching for the Optimal Solution18 6Common Failures to Avoid21 7Closing Remarks22 A2006Questions221What is the MCM?In the MCM,three-person teams are given96hours to develop mathematical models to solve a real-world problem,evaluate their solution,and write a research paper describing the results. These papers are generally around thirty pages long.The questions are open-ended and over a broad range of topics.Past problems includefingerprint identification,submarine tracking,air traffic control,and velociraptor hunting strategies.Does your leisure reading include math books?Have you ever programmed a quick game on your TI-86to stave offboredom?Is the Mathematica vs.Matlab debate interesting to you? Have you ever considered simulating the growth of grass?Then the MCM is for you.Even if you aren’t an¨u ber-nerd,we recommend the contest to you.Why?Practice for a thesis.The MCM will teach you a lot about organization,clarity,and time management.Reading papers.Reading previous research is essential to the MCM,and96hours of searching for critical information will develop your ability to extract useful bits quickly.Prototyping skills.You will learn to look at a problem and come up with a fast prototype solution.This is invaluable in programming,math,or science of any sort.Reputation.If you manage to win,it looks great on a r´e sum´e.Severalfinancial companies make a specific point of recruiting MCM winners.At the beginning of the contest,you are given a choice between two problems†.Over past contests,Problem A tends to be“continuous”—problems with continuously varying parameters, especially the modeling of physical phenomena.Problem B tends to be“discrete”—problems like queuing,routing,and scheduling.The2006contest problems are reproduced in Appendix A(p.22).A useful15-minute exercise is to read them with your teammates,discuss which one you would hypothetically choose,and brainstorm possible approaches and simplifying assumptions.JudgingMCM papers are judged by a panel of mathematicians and math educators.In thefirst round of judging,only the paper summaries are read.Papers that pass thefirst round continue to the following rounds,where papers are more carefully read and ranked into several tiers.By percentage†,the tiers are•60%Successful Participant•25%Honorable Mention•15%Meritorious•1%-2%OutstandingAdditionally,two teams receive the Ben Fusaro Prize,recognizing the development of a creative model and a paper which is pleasant to read.Outstanding papers are considered for the SIAM Prize,the MAA Prize,and the INFORMS Prize from the respective societies.Contest Rules&LogisticsYour team must be registered for the contest by early February.Once the contest begins,you may not add or change a teammate,though you may remove a teammate if necessary.A team may have at most three students,and no student may belong to more than one team.Papers must be typed and in English.Solution submissions must be paper only;non-paper materials such as computer disks are not accepted.At registration,each team is assigned a control number.The team control number must appear at the top of every page,along with the page number,for example:Team#321Page6of13Other than the control number,the paper must in no way identify the students, the advisor,or the school.For more detailed contest rules,see/undergraduate/contests/mcm/instructions.php.HistoryThe University of Colorado at Boulder has a strong history in the MCM:2001Honorable Mention Grant Macklem,Saverio Spagnolie,Tye Rattenbury Meritorious Jim Barron,Jill Kamienski,Olivia Koski2003Honorable Mention Joe Carrafa,Kimi Kano,Ian Derrington Meritorious Moorea Brega,Alejandro Cantarero,Corry LeeOutstanding,SIAM Prize Darin Gillis,Aaron Windfield,David Lindstone2005Honorable Mention Brandon Booth,Rachel Danson,Kristopher Tucker Meritorious Thomas Josephson,Edmund Lewis,Laura Waterbury Outstanding Brian Camley,Brad Klingenberg,Pascal GetreuerWe hope this trend continues.That said,don’t be too disappointed if your team does not win Outstanding.Teams that participate again often progress one tier higher each year.It is unusual for a team to win Outstanding in theirfirst attempt.2A Strong PaperThe MCM is in part a contest of communication skills.Ultimately,it is your paper that delivers your ideas and results to the judges,and thus it is as much a presentation as a report.No matter the quality of your research,you must communicate effectively in order for the judges to see it.During the contest,around half of your team’s time should be directed toward writingthe paper.Having a well-written paper is nearly as important as solving the problem itself.Background ResearchYour initial research will be critical in framing the problem.The MCM,like any research,begins by understanding the problem and reading previous research.Learn the basics of the problem context:existing models,previous approaches,and especially the nomenclature.When we solved the2004fingerprint problem ourfirst year,we spent a very unproductivefirst day before we found the concept of“minutiae”infingerprints.This led us to the central postulate of our paper:twofingerprints are identical if they would be identified as the same person by the FBI.If we had found Stoney and Thornton’s paper“A Critical Analysis of Quantitative Fingerprint Individuality Models”on thefirst day rather than the third,our paper would have been much more thorough.Ten minutes of research can save you a day’s work!!Don’t limit your research to internet sources.While internet sources are quick and convenient tofind,they should primarily be used to lead to scholarly work or peer-reviewed literature.Once youfind a paper on topics relevant to your problem,follow its citations and find the journals that often write about these topics.For example,most of thefingerprint literature is in journals of forensic science,traffic studies are in specialist journals and the statistical physics literature,and irrigation is studied in agricultural literature.The Journal of the American Medical Association is more credible than the Wikipedia and Slashdot communities.Your campus library will have access to online databases of academic journals.These databases require school subscription,so you will have to access these either on campus computers or through a VPN setup.Ask your reference librarian,and get this set up ahead of time!Some starting points:•Google Scholar •Engineering •Elsevier •IEEE Transactions It All Comes Down to ModelsAs the MCM is the Math Contest in Modeling,solving the problem is all about models. Developing a successful model requires identifying the central question to the problem.Attempt to distill the given problem statement into one(or several)simple questions.Keep this question in mind while telling the“story”of your solution in your paper.Focusing on the key questions may also help to identify analogous problems in differentfields.All models rely upon simplifying assumptions.Be sure that each assumption you make is explicitly identified and explained.We suggest including an entire“Assumptions”section or subsection in your paper.Try to motivate each assumption,citing work where the assumption has been made previously.When making assumptions remember that you are walking a tightrope between ignoring extraneous details and artificially changing the problem.Be sure that the key question of the problem remains unchanged.Avoid assigning afixed“reasonable”value to parameters that really assume a range of values:in yourfinal analysis you should examine how your results depend on this parameter.For example, in the2005highway tollbooth problem,one clear parameter was the rate of incoming traffic. Understanding the behavior as this parameter varied was critical in solving the problem.Use Multiple ModelsMCM problems are usually better approached with not one,but multiple pare with the literature to motivate your models and to validate your results.A common approach to modeling is to use a sequence of increasingly refined models.Even if thefirst model egregiously simplifies the problem,it may provide insights to the basic behavior and inspire improved models.This progression leads to a respectable and satisfyingfinal model, with its validity stemming from the preceding models.At least,this is the intention.The danger with the refinement approach is that later models are too easily empirically motivated,and for this reason,ad hoc.This is especially true of models based entirely on one monolithic simulation.You must compare the results of your models with theory or against the results of other models:check that you are not fooling yourself.This is partly a question of good modeling,and partly a question of ethics.The more you attack your assumptions,the more rigorous your results become.Without critical analysis and a foundational rationale,justification for thefinal model is shaky andtop-heavy.It is often useful to consider the behavior of your model in limiting cases.If you have developed a model for multi-lane traffic,consider what it predicts when there is only one lane—is it consistent with intuition?How about data from the literature?Be sure that your model does not make absurd predictions for limiting cases.!Avoid dishonesty and bullshit.In2003,the“gamma knife”problem required teams to achieve90%coverage of the target volume.Most teams found this to be impossible,yet the Outstanding papers acknowledged this and explained their shortcomings.They did not try to conceal the fact that they could not meet the requirement.Additionally,many teams founda useful internet source on the grassfire transform,however,many did not cite it.Severalwould-be Outstanding teams were demoted for failing to cite sources.Write a Strong SummaryThe most important page in your paper is the summary sheet(abstract).In thefirst round of judging,this is the only part read.Almost half of the papers are eliminated from competition based only on their summaries.The summary should be written last,once all conclusions have been made.A good summary concisely states the problem,the methods for solution,and conclusions,while highlighting the merits of your approach.A summary should be more than a chronology of what you did(“A model wasfirst developed...A simulation was implemented...It was then concluded...”).On the other extreme,the point of a summary is not to create suspense—state conclusions clearly.The summary should be brief;although a whole page is devoted to the summary,it need not and should not be completelyfilled.In our approach to the summary,each team member independently writes a summary.Then as a group,the best sentences from each summary are strung together to produce another summary.This summary is elaborated,reworded,andfine-tuned,until it says everything that needs to be said as clearly and concisely as possible.Write an Easily Skimmable PaperIn the second round of judging,judges will skim your paper.To make your paper skimmable, it must include and clearly label these sections:Introduction:Introduce the background and the problem.Assumptions:Explain all of your assumptions.Conclusion:Concisely answer the original problem.Strengths&Weaknesses:Critically assess your approach.References:Cite all references.Additionally,make your paper more skimmable with the following compositional guidelines.Use sections,subsections,and sub-subsections with descriptive heading titles.Use bold,etc.on key results to catch the eye.Use bullet lists.Usefigures and tables with concise captions.Intersperse these elements to break up long,uninterrupted lengths of text.Keepfigures simple:less is more.Avoid placing a large number offigures on the same !page,especially without explanation.Also,don’t confuse plots and data visualizations with figures in the rmation-laden data visualizations are great for your understanding, butfigures in the paper must be as simple and direct as possible.Be sure to check that all figures are legible at the scale they are printed.Stylistic ConsiderationsIt is common to show a developing“story”of your solution in the body of the paper.As in any technical writing,write plainly and favor shorter words over longer ones.Particularly,it can be seen that theflamboyant,obdurate,and ostensibly decorous misuse of the passive tense and excessive vocabulary tends,thereby,to result in long,awful sentences.Among hundreds of papers,it helps if your paper has a unique,catchy title.If possible,set aside time to brainstorm paper titles.Don’t use anything pretentious like A Novel Approach to...:Just don’t.Seriously.We wouldn’t mention it if it didn’t keep on happening.As part of anyone’s writing education,worthwhile references are Strunk&White’s The Elements of Style[16]and Williams’Style:Toward Clarity and Grace[17].Specifically on technical writing style,see also the Handbook of Technical Writing by Brusaw[1].Our basic philosophy of writing is:clarity before grammar.In this sense,we recommend Strunk &White not for its grammar rules(which are questionable),but for its own style of simplicity.Section SummaryConsider the paper a presentation,not a report.Do extensive background research.Use multiple models for cross-validation.Use organizational elements to make a skimmable paper.Mind your writing style,and brainstorm a catchy title.3A Strong TeamA common division of tasks[2]is to elect the writer,whose task is handling most of the writing, the programmer,in charge of simulations and other numerical work,and“the third,”han-dling miscellaneous tasks and assisting the other two.All teammates should participate in the background research and model formulation,and all teammates should work together on the summary andfinal editing.However,roles need not be so clearly defined.For example,our head writer also programmed, and we all contributed portions of the writing.Ideally,all three teammates can both program and write,switching between roles as necessary.ProgrammingIn any MCM team,at least one team member should be comfortable with a computer program-ming language.Prototyping languages(high-level interpreted languages like Matlab,Python, and Java)are particularly well-suited for the contest.However,the best choice of language is one where your team can most comfortably perform the following essentials.Visualize data.Line plots,surface plots,histograms,and other means to visualize data are invaluable in understanding a problem.If your choice programming environment isgraphically-limited,learn to export data to Microsoft Excel,Gnuplot,or other graphing software for visualization.Numerical algorithms.Before the contest,review numerical algorithms for fundamen-tals like interpolation,optimization,linear algebra,and solving differential equations.Be prepared to implement(or reuse)code for common numerical algorithms,see for example [6,14].Environments like Matlab include extensive numerical routines for a variety of problems.Make use of these tools and avoid reinventing the wheel.For example,never roll your own linear algebra code.Smarter people have spent years creating LINPACK and other systems—use them.Debug.Writing code naturally involvesfixing code.Know how to use the debugger tools offered by your programming e strategies like saving multiple versions, modular programming,and descriptive commenting to promote accurate code.(But don’t get too carried away—your primary goal is correct results,not computer science poetry.)File I/O.Especially if your program is unstable and takes a long time to run,you need to be able to use intermediate results.A good time-saving precaution is to save progressive results to the harddrive.For example,a simulation that runs for45minutes could write updates to the harddrive every three minutes.Of course,a computer-savvy team need not restrict themselves to one programming language and instead use several.Ourfirst year,we had one person programming in Matlab,one in Perl,and one in C with side calculations on a TI-86.However,we have found that when there is more than one programmer,sticking to one language promotes code reuse and collaboration.WritingWriting,as we continue to emphasize,deserves as much attention as solving the problem itself. Under the tight4-day contest timeframe,it is vital to start writing as soon as possible,starting alongside initial research.We recommend L A T E X as the best means for producing professional-quality scientific writing, especially as an alternative to Microsoft Word.L A T E X handles equations and mathematical symbols natively,in addition to all of the bibliographical formatting,labels and cross-referencing, and page-numbering that is ridiculously tedious in standard word-processing programs.There are also aesthetic reasons to prefer L A T E pare these compositionally equivalent samples,written in L A T E X and Word: ..............................................................................................L A T E XDefinition 5.21Let X be a linear space.Two norms||·||1and||·||2on X are called equivalent if there are con-stants c>0and C>0such thatc||x||1≤||x||2≤C||x||1,∀x∈X.Microsoft WordDefinition 5.21Let X be a linear space. Two norms ||·||1and ||·||2on X are called equivalent if there are constants c > 0 and C > 0 such that|| ||1|| ||2|| ||1, ∈c x < x < C x x X .__V_.............................................................................................. The most significant typographical difference is the spacing between lines and words.The Word sample is irregular and visually unappealing,especially around inline math,while L A T E X automatically determines line breaks and word hyphenation for aesthetically optimal spacing†.To get started in L A T E X,you will need the T E X typesetting system and a PS or PDF viewer. For Windows platforms,download MikT E X from and GSview and Ghostscript from /∼ghost/gsview/.On Unix/Linux,L A T E X is already included in many distributions or available as a package.Similarly,Windows users with Cygwin() can obtain L A T E X as a Cygwin package.There are thousands of L A T E X tutorials and reference guides online;one good starting point is /cgi-bin/texfaq2html.Work through a L A T E X tutorial and write at least one practice document in L A T E X before the contest.Regardless of whether your team uses L A T E X or not,know how to do the following: Equations.It is unavoidable that any paper will involve numerous math symbols andequations.Word users should make sure their installation includes Microsoft Equation Editor or MathType.Figures.Know how to import images and createfigures.Confer with the team’s pro-grammer on transferring data visualizations intofigures in the paper.Section e L A T E X’s section,subsection,and subsubsection commands or Word’s numbered headings to create consistently styled section e L A T E X’s tableofcontents command or Word’s Table of Contents feature(Insert◮Reference◮Index and Tables)to create an automatic table of contents.A good table of contentsmakes a paper much easier to read,and much more skimmable.Citations.Know how to write citations and bibliography entries,and be prepared witha style guide on the bibliographical formatting for various kinds of sources.Leadership&CooperationWhile your team need not have a designated team leader,working together naturally requires group and leadership skills.“Trust is the foundation of leadership”[11].Trust your teammates’abilities,and respect their opinions.Give each other the freedom to work the details of their task independently.The programmer has the responsibility and authority over the details of program implementation and the head writer has the responsibility and authority over the details of the writing.While critical review of each other’s work is healthy and productive,micromanagement is not.!Keep in frequent touch with what your teammates are doing.If one of them—or you—is not working on a relevant task,refocus the team immediately.Avoid time-costly tasks on extraneous details and efforts that are otherwise unimportant to the paper.Nobody should ever have nothing to do—there is not enough time for that.Conflict happens easily under high pressure and little sleep.Wefind that many of our dis-agreements are actually misunderstandings,and can be quickly resolved by open discussion.Unresolvable disagreements should be dealt with democratically among the three teammates.A poor decision is better than a late decision[11],especially on the tight MCM timescale.Section SummaryBe prepared to visualize data and implement numerical algorithms.Use L A T E X to typeset your paper.Trust your teammates and work cooperatively.4A Strong TimelineThe most demanding factor of the MCM is time.This section describes,based on our experience, a successful schedule for the contest.We propose an intentionally front-heavy timeline,where most of the work is optimistically planned to be done by the halfway point of the contest.The main reason for this is that early work tends to be revised or discarded,mistakes and delays happen,and this timeline provides theflexibility for amendments in the later half of the contest.Furthermore,a lighter schedule in the later half means more time can be devoted to the writing.To state our proposed timeline briefly:On Thursday,all teammates participate in background research,formulating initial models to the problem.By Friday morning,writing te Friday to early Saturday,preliminary results are considered to revise shortcomings of thefirst models.By Saturday evening,the revised models yield more satisfactory results,and implications andfinal conclusions about the problem are drawn.The remainder of the contest is spent writing.SleepingContrary to other guides,we encourage working all-nighters on thefirst and third nights instead of a natural sleeping schedule.Particularly on Thursday,it is much more productive to work through the night without sleep,or to the extent that you can work without sleep.It is not necessary that all teammates are awake at the same time,just that each teammate works and sleeps productively and within their physiological limitations.In any case,don’t stop early at a “natural”point.Sleep deprivation most heavily affects creative thinking.Thought that brings together informa-tion to solve a problem is called convergent thinking.Thought that requires planning,originality, or unusual ideas is called divergent thinking.Divergent thinking is significantly impaired after one night without sleep while convergent thinking is more resilient[8].Thus,during sleepless parts of the contest,you can productively continue tasks like programming,writing,or math-ematical analysis,but brainstorming and reading should better be done when well-rested.As the contest starts with brainstorming,it is important to come into the contest fully rested.Before the ContestWith a mere96hours during the contest,do what you can in advance to prepare logistically. Plan to drop all school and social activities during the MCM,and try to arrange with your instructors to reschedule classwork.On the day of the contest,arrange your team’s working area,computers,food,writing templates,scratch paper,and anything else that can be done ahead of time.By the third year,we had started checking out books that might be useful before the contest.This paid off—we could studyfluid mechanics immediately when the sprinkler problem came up.Also prepare for the MCM mentally.Discuss old MCM problems with your team to learn how to brainstorm together.At least one teammate should prepare code and review the theory of nu-merical analysis fundamentals like interpolation,optimization,and solving differential equations. Ideally all teammates should learn L A T E X.Most importantly,make sure you will be healthy and fully rested for Thursday.Thursday:The Contest StartsThe contest officially starts at6:00pm†.At this time,the contest problems are posted at /undergraduate/contests/mcm and /mcm.MCM teams are given a choice between two problems.Historically,Problem A is continuous while Problem B is discrete.When choosing a problem,play to your strengths,but don’t be afraid of jumping at a problem that you allfind compelling.If the choice is not immediately obvious,conducting an hour or two of background research will illuminate the problem context, likely approaches,and potential difficulties.Thefirst task in considering a problem is to read it carefully and brainstorm possible directions. Creativity and variety are better when teammates do their initial thinking independently[3];we recommend to delay group discussion until everyone has considered the problem on their own. Begin researching immediately,seeking online papers of previous research on your problem.This research will help identity the problem’s implications,and lead you to“the right way”to think about the problem.Work aggressively through the night on research,formulating models,and programming.Friday:FormulationFriday is perhaps the most effective day of all,spent on more research,formulating the models, significant coding,and preliminary writing.It is during this critical time that you will gain the most ground on solving the problem,so stay focused and work hard.Begin writing as soon as possible.Six hours of research and brainstorming have already passed—you should have something to say by now.As a late morning break after a sleepless night,make a group trip to the library for journal articles and specialized resources.Try to obtain some results from the models by Friday evening.Sleep Friday night once you have preliminary results.Saturday:Writing&RevisionSaturday should be spent onfinding results and significant e your preliminary results from Friday to reconsider the models,and spend the day revising your approach and reworking results.Simplifying assumptions should be established by this e the background research to support your assumptions in the paper.Work as a team to complete the bulk of the paper.To an extent,the paper composition will guide your research.What analysis,experiments,or background research could you perform to support your claims?The writer should assign such paper subtasks to the other teammates. Don’t sleep Saturday night until most of the writing is done and all of the coding is complete.Sunday:WritingAny new coding should stop by Sunday morning.Continue working as a team tofill in the paper.By this point,write the Strengths&Weaknesses and Conclusion sections.Once you have written out the weaknesses of your model,do what you can tofix them!Run additional tests—try justify your assumptions and explore different parameters.For the2005highway tollbooth problem,we started running our program with different waiting time distributions on Sunday.For the2006irrigation problem,we considered different“profiles”of the sprinkler.Print a draft of the paper and read it aloud as a group.Edit and repeat.By the evening,all results must be complete and the main paper should be done.If possible,write thefirst draft of your summary.Sleep Sunday night.。

校苑数模MCMICM备战教程！-美国大学生数学建模竞赛（MCMICM）-校苑数...MCM/ICM历史MCM全称：The Mathematical Contest in Modeling（数学建模竞赛，国内称为美国大学生数学建模竞赛）ICM全称：The Interdisciplinary Contest in Modeling（交叉学科建模竞赛，国内称为美国大学生数学建模与交叉学科竞赛）MCM始于1985年，由美国自然基金协会和美国数学应用协会共同主办，美国运筹学学会、工业与应用数学学会、数学学会等多家机构协办。

其宗旨是鼓励大学生对范围并不固定的各种实际问题予以阐明、分析并提出解法，每队在4天内对问题展开设计，要以清楚定义的格式写出解法论文。

该项比赛吸引了中国（含香港）、美国、英国、加拿大、芬兰、爱尔兰、澳大利亚、南非、新加坡等多个国家的著名大学代表队参加。

1999年COMAP推出了交叉学科建模竞赛。

其特等奖论文将刊登于同年 UMAP杂志。

近年来，MCM/ICM比赛越来越具有影响力，也得到越来越多的学校和单位认可。

特别是2009年，COMAP取消了每个学校（机构）只允许参加7支队伍的限制（以前MCM每个学校（机构）只能参加4支队伍，ICM只能参加3支队伍）。

其获奖学生在店铺、保送研究生、找工作时，在激烈的竞争中胜出的机会要多很多。

MCM/ICM其要求与国内竞赛大致相同，除了要求用英语阅读、写作水平外。

这对于中国的学生来说是一个非常大的挑战，如果成功参赛，将极大程度上提高英语水平。

MCM/ICM的问题涉及到的知识面非常广泛。

没有固定的模式，要求赛前准备的知识非常多，诸如微分方程及数字解，运筹学，图论，高级算法等。

MCM/ICM的问题都是开放问题（open question）。

开放问题就是没有完全解决的问题，所以不存在绝对标准的答案，只能说是提出一个更好的方法。

正是因为MCM/ICM有这个特点，很多科研人员都研究过或正在研究类似的问题。