2020上海高考英语一模概要写作指导写作汇编

2019--2020学年高三英语一模概要写作汇编One【虹口区】The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive(侵入的) thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well-being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.【答案】The Zeiguvnik Effect is that you always remember unfinished matter, which can be well used. The effect helps you overcome procrastination and have a good start. The effect is effective for students to improve recall and remember things better. It also encourage people to finish work and improve psychological well-being. It can influence us positively in all aspect.【解析】要点中需要包括：1.The Zeigarnik Effect的定义2.三个好处容易出现的问题：主旨句不清晰；语言不够精炼。

上海高考英语题型训练: 写作2020高三第一学期期末质量抽查IV. Summary Writing （10 分）Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. 松江It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical （词汇的）differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. - there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this.When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots （同胞）on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss”,for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”.There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms （美式英语用语）in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain. The verbs "guess” meaning think and “loan” me aning lend and the adjective "mad" meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms, yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago. In the case of “loan”, it was used as long ago as 1,200 years! In fact, English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last 500 years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found.参考答案：Although American English and British English are the same language, there are great differences. Two reasons account for the phenomenon. New words were created after the first English settlers in America saw new things and learned words from other Europeans. Additionally, some original expressions have been changed by British people while they are still being used by Americans.崇明Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is amuscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who weren't. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who arc shown that they arc appreciated arc more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do. Providing programs that support managing life's everyday challenges, offering fitness classes or implementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to what's going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a key ingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and in your personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. That’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.参考答案：We should show gratitude year-round as it is beneficial to both our personal and professional life. First, it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier, thus promoting production at work. Second, it makes us more self-aware, which can contribute to career success. Lastly，it makes us more likely to forgive others and helps build strong relationships. (59 words)虹口The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled inwhich the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive（侵入的）thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.参考答案：The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in students’ study, thus improving recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the motivation needed to finish tasks.徐汇The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area. During the last 100 years, scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity. Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction. It is estimated that 140,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans. The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests. Most of this destruction is done to create pasture (牧场) for beef cattle. Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming, which supplies beef to the rest of the world. It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced, 200 square feet of rainforest are destroyed. The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption.The introduction of exotic (外来的) species is another threat. The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife, which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local species. When exotic species are introduced to a place, they try to establish a self-sustaining population. While the local species, which haven’t had a chance to evolve, often lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species.The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. It is these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable (i.e. microscopic plants, decaying matter, etc.) into usable forms, namely their bodies. Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species. This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living, and less capable of producing resources that humans need.参考答案：Biodiversity is declining fast. One major reason is that people cut downtropical rain forests to raise cattle for beef or to grow food. Another reason is that some local species may extinct because they cannot compete with exotic species. The disappearance of certain species can do great harm to the ecosystem and environment.（54 words）VI. Guided Writing (25 分)Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below m Chinese.松江你校准备为高三学生开展一次普及上海历史知识的活动，现有两个方案征求大家意见：1. 学校组织学生集体驱车前往上海市历史博物馆(Shanghai History Museum),现场参观并聆听专业讲解员(professional museum guide)介绍上海历史，共计五小时；2. 学校邀.请某知名大学历史教授到校以“上海历史''为主题做讲座，共计两小时。

2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编—概要写作（含答案）（精校版）One【虹口区】The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive(侵入的) thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well-being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.【答案】The Zeiguvnik Effect is that you always remember unfinished matter, which can be well used. The effect helps you overcome procrastination and have a good start. The effect is effective for students to improve recall and remember things better. It also encourage people to finish work and improve psychological well-being. It can influence us positively in all aspect.【解析】要点中需要包括：1.The Zeigarnik Effect的定义2.三个好处容易出现的问题：主旨句不清晰；语言不够精炼。

Exercise 1A father's relationship to his child's current and future academic success and the level of his orher development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with somerather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, “lifewith father”has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child's progressor lack of progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study inLondon revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied theirchildren on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved inthose activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992，fromthe time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the childrenof actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whoseonly involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played byfathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by thefather than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major rolein parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the families of onlychild. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father's apparent interestand involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financialcondition of the family，a father's active participation in the child's development made a definitedifference in the child's progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child's level in math and reading, a father's employment onnight shifts appeared to have little effect on the child's academic progress. The informationevaluating the level of the father's parenting performance was taken primarily from theadmittedly subjective observations of their wives.参考答案：A recent study discovered that a father^ influence played a significant role in the level of thechild's academic progress.(要点1) As is suggested, the father's involvement with children wasaffected by the size of the family and its financial expenses.(要点2) So children who tended toprogress academically were those only children.(要点3) Moreover, a father's frequentovernight absence had a bad effect on the child's progress.(要点4)分析过程：试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，共四段。

2020宝山一模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.People choose to become entrepreneurs(创业者）for a wide variety of reasons. One important reason is, of course, financial reward. If you own your own business and it becomes successful, you can reap huge financial rewards. And as an entrepreneur, dependent on how much your boss decides to give you; ifs limited only by the success of your business. And speaking of bosses, not having a supervisor is another major advantage of becoming an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs are often independent thinkers who want to be in charge of projects, rather than having others tell them what to do. They often have big dreams that that they want to pursue rather than making someone else’s dream come true. For many entrepreneurs, starting a business is a way of solving a problem or helping people receive something they need. It’s a way to cha nge the world for the better.Being an entrepreneur isn’t easy, however, nor is it always fun. Entrepreneurs often have to work long hours, especially early on when they’re trying to get their businesses off the ground. that’s the reason entrepreneurs need to have a strong work ethic(伦理).Employees can work 40 hours a week and then stop, but for an entrepreneur, there’s no end in sight.That’s why another feature of successful entrepreneurs is passion; they have to be excited about what they’re doing to be w illing to work hard for it. Entrepreneurs also need good communication skills to pass on that passion to others. That’s important for finding investors, getting people to buy products and attracting employees.Entrepreneurs also need to be creative people who are able to find solutions to problems they encounter. This is important from the very beginning, when the entrepreneur comes up with an initial concept of a business. But even after that initial step, creative thinking is continually necessary to adapt to changing situations and to solve problems that come up.71. This passage is about the advantages and challenges of starting a business. On one hand, a boss can get financial rewards and independence avoiding control from others. On the other hand, a boss must have passion for his own business, good communication skills and creative thinking, which can help him solve problems. 2020崇明一模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who weren't. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who arc shown that they arc appreciated arc more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do. Providing programs that support managing life's everyday challenges, offering fitness classes or implementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to what's going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a key ingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and in your personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. That’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.71. We should show gratitude year-round as it is beneficial to both our personal and professional life. First, it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier, thus promoting production at work. Second, it makes us more self-aware, which can contribute to career success. Lastly，it makes us more likely to forgive others and helps build strong relationships. (59 words)2020奉贤一模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine LifeOxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s.The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular.Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes.Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay.The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better.Possible 1 Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Global warming is another cause. Finally intensive farming is also to blame for oxygen loss, because its wastes feeds algae, which consumes lots of oxygen. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat. Possible 2 Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Besides, global warming is responsible as it leads to lower oxygen storage and stratification. Finally, intensive farming also results in the oxygen loss. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat.2020虹口一模Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienc ed the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive（侵入的）thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.71. The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in students’ study, thus improving recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the motivation needed to finish tasks.2020黄浦一模Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online “friends” -- a threat to developmentThe impact of technology on the nature of our friendships has been a much - debated topic since the dramatic rise of social networks. Advances in mobile technology and social networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before. It is therefore not surprising that so many psychologists, sociologists, and others are eager to give their thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society.There is one element of social networking that is deeply worrying. We find ourselves in a hyper - connected world where people access social media day and night, excited to make announcements about the tiniest details of their lives. Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character. Professor Larry D. Rosen says that young people who overuse social networking sites can become ineffective, and display anti - social behavior in their offline lives. But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing -- empathy. This is the emotion that allows us to see the world from our friends’ points of view. Without it, we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships.Professor Sherry Turkle suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone. This is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without social media for 24 hours. Many admitted an addiction to their online social network; most complained that they felt cut off from family and friends. And yet being alone is a time when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are. It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.These potential changes in our characters are rather alarming, so it is clear thatwe can’t neglect those negative impac ts of social networks.71. There is a more and more concern about social networks' negative impact on our society. As young people are crazy about sharing life moments online, they may develop bad characters and lose empathy. Besides. people can't bear being alone, the lack of which makes them unable to self-reflect. Therefore, more attention should be paid to them. (56 words)2020嘉定一模Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most of us -- even those at the top -- struggle with public - speaking anxiety. When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: “I don’t like being watched”, “I don’t like the eyes on me” or “I don’t like being in the spotlight.”To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators （肉食动物）and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking. In other words, public - speaking anxiety is in our DNA.Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala（扁桃腺）activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous.Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it’s absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience’s needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you willbecome less nervous.71. Many people have public-speaking anxiety because there are many eyes on the speakers. The reason is that humans turned the fear of being watched by predators in prehistoric times into public speaking. To solve the problem, people should focus on helpin g the audience, speaking directly to the audience’s needs and refocusing their brain before speaking. (55)2020静安一模IV．Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do We Need Art in Our LivesNo one will be surprised to hear that the arts are under fire in this day and age. We view the arts as something of a hobby, something that’s fun but certainly can’t pay the rent. If it’s not a useful skill, no wonder arts funding is being cut in schools. Do we really need art in our lives?In schools, time and money is at a premium (稀有而珍贵), now more than ever. With teachers having to fit so many lessons into every day, it’s easy to see why art is dropping more and more by the wayside. Budgets are dropping at an alarming rate, and what school is going to drop teaching in essential subjects such as math or science when they can drop art instead?It seems as though the loss of art i n daily life is a sad fact of life, but it doesn’t have to be. There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people. For example, art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses, both mental and physical, cope with their symptoms. Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home. Practical items, such as bedspreads, furniture or clothing, are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.Art also gives us insight into the world. History tells us what happened and when it happened, but it can’t tell us how the population at large felt about it, which is where art steps in. We know a lot about how people in the past lived and worked, because their art has given us such a deep insight into their da ily lives. We wouldn’t have that insight without it.Most of all, we need art in our lives as it gives us a form of self-expression. Being able to talk about our feelings is essential to staying healthy. You may not think you talk about your feelings, but you may express them in other ways. Some like to cook or bake, some like to work on machinery, and others may like to paint or draw. Whatever you like to do in your spare time, you’re probably creating art every day.So, do we need art in our lives? Many people would say no, but the art they’re thinking of is the art you see in galleries. Art is actually much more accessible and is truly needed in everyday life. It helps those in need, gives people in the future an idea of what life was like, and is a vital form of self-expression.71.Considered as a hobby or fun, art is ignored in schools. Limited time and money is spent on essential subjects. However, art is very useful and everywhere. As therapy, art benefits health. Besides, it enables us to understand the world better. Above all, we often express our feelings in the form of art. Therefore, art is needed.2020闵行一模Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Rai sing Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, in may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parent’s praise has put them.Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a bookreport. But whatever it is, praise should be proportionate（相称的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it.71.Currently, contrary to what people did in the past, many parents think highly of their kids too often. It is not proper to praise children too much, but they can't do the opposite. What matters is not the quantity but the quality of praise. Parents should praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make.2020浦东一模IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.How Supermarkets Are Changing BritainThe British love their supermarkets. And there are more and more of them every year. But is this a good thing?Not necessarily. For a start, many small shops can’t compete on price with superstores such as Tesco. And they don’t have as many products either. As a result, 36% of the UK’s small shops shut down between 1990 and 1996 while the number of supermarkets increased from 457 to 1,102. Supermarkets have even had a negative effect on the British pub. Beer and wine is much cheaper in a supermarket than in a pub. There are now over 55,000 supermarkets in the UK, but less than 55,000 pubs. A decade ago there were more than 61,000. These days, pubs are closing at the rate of 39 a week!Supermarkets are also bad for animal welfare. The UK has high standards in this field, but some supermarkets get their meat from abroad. And in many cases, this meat is produced under conditions that would be illegal in the UK. But once they’ve got the meat, supermarkets put a British flag on the product as the meat is packed there. Dishonest? Not exactly, but it isn’t entirely true either!Supermarkets have a poor environmental record too. Many of them don’t store food products themselves as storage space is expensive, so they get food producers to do it for them. This means that supermarket lorries have to make more trips to collect supplies. In turn, this increases the amount of petrol used, which leads to more pollution. Supermarkets also use a lot of plastic packaging, whi ch isn’t good for the environment either.So, what can be done to help the “little guys”? Not much really. Supermarkets have a lot of power. Many political parties receive donations from supermarkets. And supermarkets often use their money to influence decisions. For example, just before the year 2000, one supermarket gave the government £12 million to help build the Millennium Dome in London. Later, plans to tax supermarket car parks were dropped.71.All the development of supermarket in Britain is not helpful. Firstly, they have many products and have the advantage over price leading to some British pubs and many small shops shutdown. Secondly, for their meat produced, they hurt animal welfare. Thirdly, as the price of storage space is high, many food products are stored by others resulting in damaging environment.2020普陀一模IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.New Research on Kids’ Poor Math AchievementIf the thought of a math test makes you break out in a cold sweat, Mom or Dad may be partly to blame, according to the new research published in Psychological Science.A team of researchers found that children of math-anxious parents learned less math over the school year and were more likely to be math-anxious themselves—but only when these parents provided frequent help on the child’s math homework.Previous research from this group has established that when teachers are anxious about math, their students learn less math during the school year. The current study is novel in that it establishes a link between parents’ and children’s math anxiety. These findings suggest that adults’ attitudes toward math can play an important role in children’s math achievement.“We often don’t think about how important parents’ own attitudes are in determining their children’s academic achievement. But our work suggests that if a parent is walking around saying ‘Oh, I don’t like math’ or ‘this stuff makes me nervous,’ kids pick up on this messaging and it affects their success,” explained Beilock, professor in psychology.“Math-anxious parents may be less effective in explaining math concepts to children, and may not respond well when children make a mistake or solve a problemin a novel way,” added Levine, Beilock’s colleague.438 first- and second-grade students and their primary caregivers participated in the study. Children were assessed in math achievement and math anxiety at both the beginning and end of the school year. As a control, the team also assessed reading achieveme nt, which they found was not related to parents’ math anxiety. Parents completed a questionnaire about their own nervousness and anxiety around math and how often they helped their children with math homework.The researchers believe the link between paren ts’ math anxiety and children’s math performance stems more from math attitudes than genetics.71. Different from previous research on the relationship between teachers’ anxiety and their students, a new research reveals parents’ math anxiety underm ines their children’s math performance. When the anxious parents help their children with math, their negative attitudes toward math will be passed on to their children, which indicates that not genetics but attitudes account for the kids’ math performance. (59) 2020青浦一模IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Social Media and Teens’ AnxietyFrom cyber-bullying to cruel comments, social media can be a land mine for kids. Issues parents never worried about are now a risk for many teens. With kids’ digital well-being a concern, researchers are exploring potential links between social media and the rise in teen suicide rates, tech addiction, and loss of real-life social skills. Many parents are wondering: Is social media causing my kid to have anxiety?It’s a question that worried parents. Some research has observed a relationship between social media use and anxiety in kids, but it’s difficult to know if and when social media causes anxiety or whether kids who are anxious turn to social media as a way to seek support. How kids use social media matters, too. Social comparison and feedback-seeking behaviors have been associated with depressive symptoms, which often co-occur with anxiety.How can parents keep social media a positive for kids?1. Seeing photos of a trip to the beach your friends didn’t invite you to can really be upsetting. If your kid is tired of digital drama, suggest they take a break from social media for a while. In fact, if they post a status update that they’re taking a break, theirfriends might be very accepting because they’ve had similar feelings.2. People post stuff that makes their lives look perfect —not the homework struggles, or the fight they had with their dad. Remind kids that social media leaves the messy stuff out — and that everyone has ups and downs.3. In a world where kids could spend their days lying around looking at Wechat, it’s doubly important for them to feel as though they’re cultivating their inner lives. Prompt them to balance social media with soul-nourishing activities such as hobbies, exercise, reading, and helping others. Otherwise, what are they going to show off about on social media?71. Whether social media causes anxiety has become the focus of parents concerned with their kids’ digital health. Tips are offered on positive effects of social media on children. They can keep off social medial temporarily if bored with it. They should be aware that life is imperfect and face barriers bravely. Besides, taking some meaningful offline activities are strongly recommended. (60字)2020松江一模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical (词汇的) differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. 一there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this.When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots (同胞) on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss”, f or example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York ill the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”.There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are。

Exercise 1Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. Allanimals and plants need water. Man also needs water. Almost everyone knows that water coversthree- fourths of the earth5s surface. Most of it, however, is in the oceans and is too salty to drink.Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use ofpeople, animals and plant life.All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Nowfresh water is becoming scarce, but more and more is needed because of the increasing numberof people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the productionof things such as steel, petrol, paper, rubber and so on.Meanwhile, water problem is becoming more serious and more complex. Our increasingpopulation tremendously increases urban wastes, primarily polluted water. On the other hand,increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available fordiluting(稀释）wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complexchemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wastes, and many of these will containchemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will haveto be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.Scientists estimate that the problem of water shortage will become severe. Thus it is apparentthat effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollutionproblem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. Some nations haveworked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying tokeep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is beingcollected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water tosatisfy the needs of their people.参考范文：1) With the worldwide increase of要点Water is essential for all the living things on the earth.(population，more water is needed.(要点2) Meanwhile，water sources are getting polluted bypoisonous chemical wastes produced by human beings in one way or another.(要点3) Thusmeasures are being taken to solve this problem, hoping to find better ways to save and producewater to meet the needs.分析过程1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文分为四段。

Exercise 1A father’s relationship to his child’s current and future academic success and the level of his or her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, “life with father” has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child’s progress or lack of progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992，from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the families of only child. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father’s apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family，a father’s active participation in the child’s development made a definite difference in the child’s progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child’s level in math and reading, a father’s employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the child’s academic progress. The information evaluating the level of the father’s parenting performance was taken primarily from the admittedly subjective observations of their wives.参考答案：A recent study discovered that a father^ influence played a significant role in the level of the child’s academic progress.(要点1) As is suggested, the father’s involvement with children was affected by the size of the family and its financial expenses.(要点2) So children who tended to progress academically were those only children.(要点3) Moreover, a father’s frequent overnight absence had a bad effect on the child’s progress.(要点4)分析过程：试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，共四段。

2020宝山一模IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.People choose to become entrepreneurs(创业者）for a wide variety of reasons. One important reason is, of course, financial reward. If you own your own business and it becomes successful, you can reap huge financial rewards. And as an entrepreneur, dependent on how much your boss decides to give you; ifs limited only by the success of your business. And speaking of bosses, not having a supervisor is another major advantage of becoming an entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs are often independent thinkers who want to be in charge of projects, rather than having others tell them what to do. They often have big dreams that that they want to pursue rather than making someone else’s dream come true. For many entrepreneurs, starting a business is a way of solving a problem or helping people receive something they need. It’s a way to change the world for the better.Being an entrepreneur isn’t easy, however, nor is it always fun. Entrepreneurs often have to work long hours, especially early on when they’re trying to get their businesses off the ground. that’s the reason entrepreneurs need to have a strong work ethic(伦理).Employees can work 40 hours a week and then stop, but for an entrepreneur, there’s no end in sight.That’s why another feature of successful entrepreneurs is passion; they have to be excited about what they’re doing to be willing to work hard for it. Entrepreneurs also need good communication skills to pass on that passion to others. That’s important for finding investors, getting people to buy products and attracting employees.Entrepreneurs also need to be creative people who are able to find solutions to problems they encounter. This is important from the very beginning, when the entrepreneur comes up with an initial concept of a business. But even after that initial step, creative thinking is continually necessary to adapt to changing situations and to solve problems that come up.1 / 22 1/ 2271. This passage is about the advantages and challenges of starting a business. On one hand, a boss can get financial rewards and independence avoiding control from others. On the other hand, a boss must have passion for his own business, good communication skills and creative thinking, which can help him solve problems.2020崇明一模IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we're thankful for in life. Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special. But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier, happier humans and leaders.2 / 22 2/ 22Emmons, through his research, found that grateful people reported feeling healthier, both mentally and physically. Specifically, those who were grateful were 25 percent happier than those who weren't. In the workplace, well-being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement. Beyond the research that shows that employees who arc shown that they arc appreciated arc more productive by 50 percent, caring for your employees’ well-being is simply the right thing to do. Providing programs that support managing life's everyday challenges, offering fitness classes or implementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that, when paired with gratitude, can lead to more productive, engaged and happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving, fast-paced industry, I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better. Gratitude challenges yon to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future. It starts by paying attention to what's going on in your life, and that true self-awareness is a key ingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships, both at work and in your personal life. People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.The old saying goes “It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,” but the same is true of gratitude. That’s a gift worth celebrating 365 days a year.71. We should show gratitude year-round as it is beneficial to both our personal and3 / 22 3/ 22professional life. First, it helps our physical and mental health and makes us happier, thus promoting production at work. Second, it makes us more self-aware, which can contribute to career success. Lastly，it makes us more likely to forgive others and helps build strong relationships. (59 words)2020奉贤一模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Lower Oxygen Levels Threaten Marine LifeOxygen in the oceans is being lost at an alarming rate, with “dead zones” expanding rapidly and hundreds more areas showing oxygen dangerously exhausted, putting sharks, tuna, marlin and other large fish species at particular risk. Dead zones, where oxygen is effectively absent, have quadrupled(翻两番) in extent in the last half-century, and there are also at least 700 areas where oxygen is at dangerously low levels, up from 45 when research was undertaken in the 1960s.The reasons behind this environmental collapse are multiple. Among all, pollutants generated by the industrial world have been the most destructive force to cause the unbalance, including a rising tide of plastic waste, as well as other pollutants. Seas are about 26% more acidic than in pre-industrial times because of absorbing the excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, with damaging impacts on shellfish in particular.Low oxygen levels are also associated with global heating, because the warmer water holds less oxygen and the heating causes stratification(分层), so there is less of the vital mixing of oxygen-rich and oxygen-poor layers. Oceans are expected to lose about 3-4% of their oxygen by the end of this century, but the impact will be much greater in the levels closest to the surface, where many species are concentrated, and in the mid to high latitudes.Another major cause for lower oxygen is intensive farming. When excess artificial fertilizer from crops, or wastes from the meat industry, runs off the land and into rivers and seas, it feeds algae(藻类) which bloom and then cause oxygen consumption as they die and decay.The problem of dead zones has been known about for decades, but little has been4 / 22 4/ 22done to tackle it. Now is high time to take actions and help the oceans function better.Possible 1 Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Global warming is another cause. Finally intensive farming is also to blame for oxygen loss, because its wastes feeds algae, which consumes lots of oxygen. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat.Possible 2 Oxygen levels in the oceans are dropping rapidly, which endangers marine life. Industrial pollutants, especially plastic waste and increased carbon dioxide, are the deadliest causes. Besides, global warming is responsible as it leads to lower oxygen storage and stratification. Finally, intensive farming also results in the oxygen loss. Measures should be taken to tackle this neglected threat.2020虹口一模Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The Zeigarnik Effect5 / 22 5/ 22Have you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive（侵入的）thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well - being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.71. The Zeigarnik effect, the tendency to remember incomplete tasks better than complete ones, is useful in daily life. Firstly, it can keep people from putting off things when they start with a small step. Besides, it encourages breaks in students’ study, thus improving recall in exams. Thirdly, it promotes mental health by providing the6 / 22 6/ 22motivation needed to finish tasks.2020黄浦一模Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Online “friends” -- a threat to developmentThe impact of technology on the nature of our friendships has been a much - debated topic since the dramatic rise of social networks. Advances in mobile technology and social networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before. It is therefore not surprising that so many psychologists, sociologists, and others are eager to give their thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society.There is one element of social networking that is deeply worrying. We find ourselves in a hyper - connected world where people access social media day and night, excited to make announcements about the tiniest details of their lives. Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character. Professor Larry D. Rosen says that young people who overuse social networking sites can become ineffective, and display anti - social behavior in their offline lives. But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing -- empathy. This is the emotion that allows us to see the world from our friends’ points of view. Without it, we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships.Professor Sherry Turkle suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone. This is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without social media for 24 hours. Many admitted an addiction to their online social network; most complained that they felt cut off from family and friends. And yet being alone is a time when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are. It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.These potential changes in our characters are rather alarming, so it is clear that we can’t neglect those negative impacts of social networks.7 / 22 7/ 2271. There is a more and more concern about social networks' negative impact on our society. As young people are crazy about sharing life moments online, they may develop bad characters and lose empathy. Besides. people can't bear being alone, the lack of which makes them unable to self-reflect. Therefore, more attention should be paid to them. (56 words)2020嘉定一模Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most of us -- even those at the top -- struggle with public - speaking anxiety. When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: “I don’t like being watched”, “I don’t like the eyes on me” or “I don’t like being in the spotlight.”To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators（肉食动物）and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking. In other words,8 / 22 8/ 22public - speaking anxiety is in our DNA.Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala（扁桃腺）activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous.Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it’s absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience’s needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous.71. Many people have public-speaking anxiety because there are many eyes on the speakers. The reason is that humans turned the fear of being watched by predators in prehistoric times into public speaking. To solve the problem, people should focus on helping the audience, speaking directly to the audience’s needs and refocusing their brain before speaking. (55)9 / 22 9/ 222020静安一模IV．Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Do We Need Art in Our LivesNo one will be surprised to hear that the arts are under fire in this day and age. We view the arts as something of a hobby, something that’s fun but certainly can’t pay the rent. If it’s not a useful skill, no wonder arts funding is being cut in schools. Do we really need art in our lives?In schools, time and money is at a premium (稀有而珍贵), now more than ever. With teachers having to fit so many lessons into every day, it’s easy to see why art is dropping more and more by the wayside. Budgets are dropping at an alarming rate, and what school is going to drop teaching in essential subjects such as math or science when they can drop art instead?It seems as though the loss of art in daily life is a sad fact of life, but it doesn’t have to be. There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people. For example, art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses, both mental and physical, cope with their symptoms. Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home. Practical items, such as bedspreads, furniture or clothing, are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.Art also gives us insight into the world. History tells us what happened and when it happened, but it can’t tell us how the population at large felt about it, which is where art steps in. We know a lot about how people in the past lived and worked, because their art has given us such a deep insight into their daily lives. We wouldn’t have that insight without it.Most of all, we need art in our lives as it gives us a form of self-expression. Being able to talk about our feelings is essential to staying healthy. You may not think you talk about your feelings, but you may express them in other ways. Some like to cook or bake, some like to work on machinery, and others may like to paint or draw. Whatever you like to do in your spare time, you’re probably creating art every day.10 / 22 10/ 22So, do we need art in our lives? Many people would say no, but the art they’re thinking of is the art you see in galleries. Art is actually much more accessible and is truly needed in everyday life. It helps those in need, gives people in the future an idea of what life was like, and is a vital form of self-expression.71.Considered as a hobby or fun, art is ignored in schools. Limited time and money is spent on essential subjects. However, art is very useful and everywhere. As therapy, art benefits health. Besides, it enables us to understand the world better. Above all, we often express our feelings in the form of art. Therefore, art is needed.2020闵行一模Ⅳ.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, in may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parent’s praise has put them.Still, don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and11 / 22 11/ 22work hard to achieve a goal,” says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be proportionate（相称的）to the amount of effort your child has put into it.71.Currently, contrary to what people did in the past, many parents think highly of their kids too often. It is not proper to praise children too much, but they can't do the opposite. What matters is not the quantity but the quality of praise. Parents should praise their children in promotion to how much effort they make.12 / 22 12/ 222020浦东一模IV.Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.How Supermarkets Are Changing BritainThe British love their supermarkets. And there are more and more of them every year. But is this a good thing?Not necessarily. For a start, many small shops can’t compete on price with superstores such as Tesco. And they don’t have as many products either. As a result, 36% of the UK’s small shops shut down between 1990 and 1996 while the number of supermarkets increased from 457 to 1,102. Supermarkets have even had a negative effect on the British pub. Beer and wine is much cheaper in a supermarket than in a pub. There are now over 55,000 supermarkets in the UK, but less than 55,000 pubs. A decade ago there were more than 61,000. These days, pubs are closing at the rate of 39 a week!Supermarkets are also bad for animal welfare. The UK has high standards in this field, but some supermarkets get their meat from abroad. And in many cases, this meat is produced under conditions that would be illegal in the UK. But once they’ve got the meat, supermarkets put a British flag on the product as the meat is packed there. Dishonest? Not exactly, bu t it isn’t entirely true either!Supermarkets have a poor environmental record too. Many of them don’t store food products themselves as storage space is expensive, so they get food producers to do it for them. This means that supermarket lorries have to make more trips to collect supplies. In turn, this increases the amount of petrol used, which leads to more pollution. Supermarkets also use a lot of plastic packaging, which isn’t good for the environment either.So, what can be done to help the “little guys”? Not much really. Supermarkets have a lot of power. Many political parties receive donations from supermarkets. And supermarkets often use their money to influence decisions. For example, just before the13 / 22 13/ 22year 2000, one supermarket gave the government £12 million to help build the Millennium Dome in London. Later, plans to tax supermarket car parks were dropped.71.All the development of supermarket in Britain is not helpful. Firstly, they have many products and have the advantage over price leading to some British pubs and many small shops shutdown. Secondly, for their meat produced, they hurt animal welfare. Thirdly, as the price of storage space is high, many food products are stored by others resulting in damaging environment.2020普陀一模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.New Research on Kids’ Poor Math AchievementIf the thought of a math test makes you break out in a cold sweat, Mom or Dad may be partly to blame, according to the new research published in Psychological Science.A team of researchers found that children of math-anxious parents learned less math over the school year and were more likely to be math-anxious themselves—but only when these parents provided frequent help on the child’s math homework.Previous research from this group has established that when teachers are anxious about math, their students learn less math during the school year. The current study is novel in that it establishes a link between parents’ and children’s math anxiety. These findings suggest that adults’ attitudes toward math can play an important role in children’s math achievement.“We often don’t think about how important parents’ own attitudes are in determining their children’s academic achievement. But our work suggests that if a parent is walking around saying ‘Oh, I don’t like math’ or ‘this stuff makes me nervous,’14 / 22 14/ 22kids pick up on this messaging and it affects their success,” explained Beilock, professor in psychology.“Math-anxious parents may be less effective in explaining math concepts to children, and may not respond well when children make a mistake or solve a problem in a novel way,” added Levine, Beilock’s colleague.438 first- and second-grade students and their primary caregivers participated in the study. Children were assessed in math achievement and math anxiety at both the beginning and end of the school year. As a control, the team also assessed reading achievement, which they found was not related to parents’ math anxiety. Parents completed a questionnaire about their own nervousness and anxiety around math and how often they helped their children with math homework.The researchers believe the link between parents’ math anxiety and children’s math performance stems more from math attitudes than genetics.71. Different from previous research on the relationship between teachers’ anxiety and their students, a new research reveals parents’ math anxiety undermines their children’s math performance. When the anxious parents help their children with math, their negative attitudes toward math will be passed on to their children, which indicates that not genetics but attitudes account for the kids’ math performance. (59)2020青浦一模IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main15 / 22 15/ 22point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Social Media and Teens’ AnxietyFrom cyber-bullying to cruel comments, social media can be a land mine for kids. Issues parents never worried about are now a risk for many teens. With kids’ digital well-being a concern, researchers are exploring potential links between social media and the rise in teen suicide rates, tech addiction, and loss of real-life social skills. Many parents are wondering: Is social media causing my kid to have anxiety?It’s a question that worried parents. Some research has observed a relationship between social media use and anxiety in kids, but it’s difficult to know if and when social media causes anxiety or whether kids who are anxious turn to social media as a way to seek support. How kids use social media matters, too. Social comparison and feedback-seeking behaviors have been associated with depressive symptoms, which often co-occur with anxiety.How can parents keep social media a positive for kids?1. Seeing photos of a trip to the beach your friends didn’t invite you to can really be upsetting. If your kid is tired of digital drama, suggest they take a break from social media for a while. In fact, if they post a status update that they’re taking a break, their friends might be very accepting because they’ve had similar feelings.2. People post stuff that makes their lives look perfect — not the homework struggles, or the fight they had with their dad. Remind kids that social media leaves the messy stuff out — and that everyone has ups and downs.3. In a world where kids could spend their days lying around looking at Wechat, it’s doubly important for them to feel as though they’re cultivating their inner lives. Prompt them to balance social media with soul-nourishing activities such as hobbies, exercise, reading, and helping others. Otherwise, what are they going to show off about on social media?16 / 22 16/ 2271. Whether social media causes anxiety has become the focus of parents concerned with their kids’ digital health. Tips are offered on positive effects of social media on children. They can keep off social medial temporarily if bored with it. They should be aware that life is imperfect and face barriers bravely. Besides, taking some meaningful offline activities are strongly recommended. (60字)2020松江一模IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point （s）of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A. Nonetheless, quite apart from well-documented lexical (词汇的) differences - pavement/sidewalk, lift/elevator, etc. 一there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms. That's why sonic people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language. There are practical reasons for this.When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America, the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots (同胞) on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean. However, they immediately saw things which didn't exist in Europe, often items used and made by Native Americans, such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo. They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants. The word "boss”, for example, was used by settlers from Holland in New York ill the mid-17th century. It comes from the Dutch word "baas'" which means master. The word "cookie" also comes from the Dutch "koekje”.There are many words, phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms (美式英语用语) in Britain when they are nothing of the sort. Very often, they represent not an American import, but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain. The verbs "guess” meaning think and “loan”17 / 22 17/ 22。

概要写作-2023年上海高三英语一模汇编一类：说明文1.宝山区When you’re having fun with your friends,you take selfies.When you visit famous places, you take selfies.When you are in beautiful spots,you take selfies.But sometimes you don’t look very attractive in the photos.And,of course,if you’re going to post them,you want to look your best.What can you do?Instead of posting a photo you don’t like,you can turn to photo retouching.When you retouch an image,you improve its appearance.Many apps offer you the ability to do that.Their easy-to-use tools help you smooth your skin,make your teeth straighter and whiter,and more. Within the apps,you can also change your facial features.You can make your eyes rounder and brighter.You can change the shape of your face or your nose.You can also change the direction of the light source or add highlights.All in all,you can make yourself look like you wish you looked.Now you’ve uploaded your retouched photos to social media.People leave positive comments,and you get a lot of likes.That’s great,right?Maybe not.With so many people sharing personal images of their lives,it’s almost like a contest.Who looks the best,takes perfect selfies and lives up to social media’s standard of beauty? You need to be part of that crowd so that you don’t feel left out.Worse yet,you feel if you’re not part of that crowd,you may be criticized for your looks.Maybe you think that if you don’t look like the influencers you follow,you’re not good enough.People generally retouch themselves to have larger eyes,thinner chins and brighter skin.Does everyone now look the same?It seems like a lot of people are trying to match to unrealistic beauty ideals.That isn’t good for anyone’s self-image.Perhaps it’s time to post the real you and only lightly retouched,if at all._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________2.崇明区ChatbotsWhat if instead of clicking on link after link on a company’s website,you could type a question and get an immediate,customized answer?Some companies are working to make this a reality using chatbots.Chatbots are computer programs that can communicate with human beingsby phone,on messaging apps or on websites.There are two types of chatbots:open and closed.A closed chatbot follows a script,which may or may not involve using AI(artificial intelligence)to understand users’messages.An open chatbot uses AI both to figure out what users want and to generate responses.Open chatbots are able to learn from their conversations and thus improve their ability to communicate over time. This means that open chatbots can respond to a wider range of inquiries,compared with closed municating with them feels more natural,but if they have not been correctly trained, users may have a bad experience with them.One significant advantage of chatbots is that they are available all the time,even in the middle of the night.Plus,a single chatbot can cater to multiple users at once.This means that users can get immediate answers to their questions rather than waiting for a human representative. Chatbots have the potential to overcome several technological problems people face.These include difficulty in searching websites and trouble finding basic information and answers to simple questions.However,in order for chatbots to work,humans are still indispensable(不可或缺的). Someone has to program the chatbots initially,train them,and maintain and improve the chatbot system.Further,even open chatbots may not have the answers to detailed questions,and many people simply prefer speaking to a human rather than a chatbot.Thus,chatbots are unlikely to completely replace human agents.Rather,they will help users resolve simple problems so that customer service representatives can focus on more difficult issues._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________3.奉贤区Why Camping Can Be So Much Fun?When you go on holiday,where do you like to stay?If you haven’t tried camping,maybe you should join the increasing number of people who are enjoying the simple pleasures of camping.By grabbing your tent,and some additional things,it’s easy to head off to the countryside and enjoy a night or two under the stars.Many campers are dumping the trappings of their modern, busy life to do this,encouraged by experts who say a few peaceful nights in the middle of nowhere might be a good way to relax and improve our sleep patterns and well-being.It is also,of course,a good low-budget holiday option.For the adventurous,wild camping is an ideal way to escape from reality.Armed with just some food and a sleeping bag,you’re free from rules,away from other people,and able to enjoythe back-to-basics experience.But for those who still want some home comforts,a campsite is a more suitable place to fix your tent.Here you have facilities such as washrooms,a shop and maybe even a restaurant.And for the most luxurious camping experience,you could try glamping, a type of camping associated with extreme comforts and luxury.More recently,sales of camping equipment have jumped as more people have chosen a vacation spent at hometown due to travel restrictions caused by the pandemic.One camping retailer,Halfords,reported a sharp rise in demand for products such as stoves,cool boxes and camping chairs.With the addition of soft pillows,powerful torches and lamps to light up your tent and a better selection of easy-to-cook food,you can almost guarantee a comfortable and enjoyable camping expedition.So maybe it’s time to give camping a try._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________4.虹口区Are Oceans Silent?Most sea creatures,from whales and dolphins to fish,sharks and shrimps,respond to sound, and many can produce it.They use it to hunt and to hide,find mates and food,send messages and give warnings,establish territories,warn off competitors,confuse their targets,deceive enemies, and sense changes in water and conditions.Marine animals click bones,grind teeth and belch gases(磨牙打嗝);use special organs to make various noises.Far from the‘silent deep’,the oceans are so noisy.Into this age-long confused noise,in the blink of an evolutionary eye,has entered a new thunder:the trembling sound of mighty engines as46,220large ships passed the world’s shipping courses.Scientists say that background noise in the ocean has increased roughly by15decibels (分贝)in the past50years.It may not sound like much in overall terms,but it is enough, according to many marine biologists,to mask the normal sounds of ocean life going about its business.At its most intense,some even say noise causes whales to become disoriented,dolphins to suffer from‘the bends’,fish to go deaf,leave their breeding grounds or fail to form groups—enough to disorganize the basic biology of two thirds of the planet.“Undersea noise pollution is like the death of a thousand cuts”,says Sylvia Earie,chief scientist of the U.S.National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.“Each sound in itself may not be a matter of critical concern,but taken all together,the noise from shipping, earthquake-related surveys,and military activity is creating a totally different environment than existed even50years ago.That high level of noise is bound to have a hard,sweeping impact on life in the sea._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________5.嘉定区Why Laughter Yoga Makes You Smile“Friends,I must tell you,laughter yoga is not a comedy.”Dr Madan Kataria,the creator of laughter yoga,an exercise programme involving prolonged laughter,ughter yoga,a combination of breathing exercises and deliberate(故意的)laughter,came from humble beginnings,but has mushroomed into a global movement.Hundreds of clubs,usually free to attend,have now been established across Asia,Europe and North America.“I had read so much about the benefits of laughter,and how acting out emotions,especially through facial expressions,can create them,”Kataria tells me.But he realised he wouldn’t often see people laughing in Mumbai.“The idea struck me:why not start a laughter club?Laughter reduces stress,”Kataria goes on,following some yogic postures,“it makes your immune(免疫) system stronger and keeps your mind positive!”Five people attended Katana’s first meet-up in Mumbai in1995.He initially asked participants to tell jokes to force laughter,but as attendances grew Kataria learned that laughing for no reason at all was the best method.“We started just faking laughter,”he says.“And then people started laughing for real.It was infectious;we couldn’t stop.”Laughter yoga addresses a deep-seated need to laugh that is being stifled(遏制).Young children can laugh hundreds of times a day.But as we get older,the fun begins to stop—our brains learn how to adapt our emotions in tune with the needs of others.We develop empathy(同理心).But so are we told to stop laughing and be serious about life.There’s often a sense that if you’re laughing,you’re not properly learning,or working,or focusing,or paying respect. Sometimes this is justified,but not always.Perhaps that is the recipe for the growing popularity of laughter yoga._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________6.金山区“Digital Hoarding”Could Be an Increasing ProblemAs data storage has become more accessible than ever,the amount of digital“stuff”we all have put aside is on the rise,too.In a recent paper published in the journal Information&Management,we have investigated a rising phenomenon called“digital hoarding”,which happens when an individual constantly acquires digital content,feels difficulty in getting rid of it,and gradually gets more and more digital content without an intended purpose.Digital hoarding can quickly increase out of control,too—perhaps even more quickly than in the physical world,due to several reasons.First,the digital hoarder is less likely to notice the space limitations in the digital world.While the boundaries of a physical space are clear,such boundaries are less noticeable in digital spaces.Second,hoarding of physical objects happens in fixed boundaries,while digital spaces are“expandable”—you can get additional digital storage with minimum effort at very little or zero cost.Third,to hoard physical items,a person needs to expend some effort,such as purchasing them.By contrast,most digital contents are either self-created,free,or available on a subscription(订阅)basis.Fourth,compared with physical stuff, digital contents can be multiplied,for example,by making copies,with very minimal effort.In the modern world,it is unavoidable that digital content plays an important role in our lives. Therefore,the potential of serious mental health impacts from digital hoarding is a real possibility.If you think you’re holding onto too much digital content,you can try cleaning your digital footprint,reducing unnecessary digital content,coming up with simple methods to organize your files,pictures and videos.What’s more,reassess the importance of many social networks, including groups in many communication apps,and keep only those essential to you._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _7.静安区The music in youAny party goer can tap her heel to an unfamiliar song without realizing it.Yet when asked on site,she might reply:“Music?I don’t know anything about that.”Maybe you’ve heard a variation on this theme:“I don’t have a musical bone in my body.”Most of us make music publicly just a few times a year,when it’s someone’s birthday and the cake comes out.Privately,it’s a different story.We belt out tunes in the shower and create rhythm tracks on our steering wheel.But when we think about musical expertise,we tend to imagineprofessionals who specialize in performance,people we’d pay to hear.As for the rest of us,our bumbling private efforts,rather than illustrating that we share an irresistible urge to make music, seem only to demonstrate that we don’t enjoy essential musical capacity.But the more psychologists investigate musicality,the more it seems that nearly all of us are musical experts,in quite a surprising sense.A lot of the most interesting and substantial elements of musicality are things that we all share.We aren’t talking about instinctive,inborn universals here.Our musical knowledge is the product of long experience;maybe not years spent over an instrument,but a lifetime spent absorbing music from the open window of every passing car.In fact,for all its remarkable power,music is in good company.Many of our feelings are governed by a similar rule.We don’t know how we come to like certain food more than others.We don’t know why we fall in love.Yet in the very act of making these choices we reveal the effects of a host of instinctive mental processes.The fact that we respond to music so naturally and normally actually speaks to its strength and universality._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ___________________8.闵行区Is Leather Good or Not?For thousands of years,humans have used leather to make everything from clothing to furniture to footwear.The skin of animals is a material that is strong,hard-wearing and flexible. These qualities make leather a popular material for many different products,but more people are becoming concerned about the potential harm caused by items they buy.Should we respect ancient traditions or is having real leather not as important as it used to be?The treatment of animals raised for their skins is a massive issue.According to the Food and Agriculture Organisation(FAO),more than2.29billion cows,pigs and goats are killed each year for their hides.This does not include the animal skin of fancier leather products,such as sheep, crocodiles,kangaroos and lizards.There’s also an environmental problem.Producing leather is a very polluting process, because it requires treating the skins with chemicals.During the procedure,called tanning, chemicals change the fibres(纤维)inside the leather,making it tougher.A tanning facility uses more than60,000litres of water for every tonne of leather produced.It uses huge amounts of poisonous chemicals,including substances containing heavy metals such as chromium,whichwhen washed out ends up in nearby soil and drinking water that people use.However,the making of leather is not entirely negative.Selling animal skin is a key source of income for remote populations such as the Inuit people in Canada.Every day,cows,pigs and goats are killed for their meat to be sold in supermarkets.It’s respectful not to waste anything,and without leather their skins would have to be buried or burned.Although there are alternatives to leather,some of these fabrics are only85%to90% biodegradable(可生物降解的).Vegan leather can be made from plastics which take years to biodegrade,so it’s actually worse for the planet._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________9.普陀区Graduates Turn to TeachingChina has witnessed a66-fold increase in the number of applicants for teaching qualification tests over the past decade,and experts say the popularity has mainly been driven by more graduates chasing stable jobs.According to the latest figures from the Ministry of Education,the number of applicants for teaching exams each year has grown from172,000to11.44million in the past decade.Experts said the sharp increase corresponds with the increase in teachers’salaries and status within society,and it is expected to bring about an overall improvement in quality teaching. However,another big reason for the enthusiasm for teaching posts is that the challenging and complicated employment situation is driving graduates toward stable jobs such as working as teachers and government officials.Chu Zhaohui,a senior researcher at the National Institute of Education Sciences,said the popularity of teaching posts is closely associated with people’s changing perception of the economic situation,job stability and security,which are major concerns for graduates.In view of the coronavirus epidemic in recent years,many college graduates just want a stable job,so teaching suddenly becomes a very popular profession,and many students from well-known universities have joined the competition.Of course,everyone has their own ideas. Take Wang Lin for example.Wang Lin,who graduated from a famous university,said she had wanted to be a history teacher since middle school,inspired by her own history teacher.She added she had a good impression of her teachers from an early age and was grateful to those who had taught her.In fact,there are many such cases.While passing the teaching qualification test is the first step to becoming a teacher in China,landing a post at schools in big cities can be very competitive._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________10.青浦区Want to join the online fitness program?Online training is one of the fastest growing section of the fitness industry.A2015study found that more than half of all smartphone users had downloaded a fitness or health app.If you’re considering joining the online fitness community,consider these benefits and drawbacks.There are many reasons that online training may work for you.As long as you have access to pre-downloaded videos or a WiFi connection for streaming videos,you can work out wherever you are.Besides,compared with similar offline programs,most online fitness programs range in cost between$10and$20per month.This is due in part to the wider audience and the greater opportunity to sell programs to more people.All this growth is incredibly positive—it provides health and fitness resources to the general consumer wherever they happen to be,without requiring access to a gym or fitness studio.But it’s not without problems.The first thing to think about when considering an online fitness program is“know yourself.”If you struggle with self-motivation,you don’t like exercising at home,and you prefer a social workout environment,online fitness may not be for you.Not to mention the fact that very few online fitness programs enable the instructor to see you,check your form,and offer modifications or corrections based on your performance.This means you might perform exercises incorrectly,or even unsafely,without knowing it,which is particularly concerning for beginners and those recovering from injuries,as they’re more likely to perform exercises incorrectly.Therefore,like any training format,there are pros and cons to consider when deciding if it is right for you.Take time and make the most suitable decision to reap more benefits._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________11.松江区Out of Sight,Out of MindTechnology has made paying all sorts of bills incredibly easy.The real-time budget apps, which capture our spending and pay our bills automatically,should theoretically give us more control over our money.But why,in real life,do they do the opposite?It helps to think about how we used to pay.My parents describe a process that would involve three separate points of contact whenever they paid for something with a credit card:first,at the cash register,then when a bill came in the mail and finally when they wrote a check to cover it. While each of the checkpoints is technically still there,automation has given us a chance to skip the second and the third.For bills paid automatically through a banking app,even the first checkpoint can be gone.We know that it is happening in the background,but it’s so far out of view that it might as well not be there.How do we get that connection back,without giving up the convenience that technology has brought us?The good news is that though technology has taken away something,it can also give.Much of the battle is simply recognizing what we’ve lost.If we want to be smart about our money and have thorough control over it,we need to bridge that gap between what we spend on and how much we pay.We can start using personal-finance apps to do more than make our lives easier. These apps can send us notifications when each automatic payment is being made and categorize purchases,sending us instant spending reports.Admittedly,those tools require the user to sign up for these services and make conscious efforts to take full advantage of them.In this way,they are arguably better practice than balancing a checkbook on a Saturday morning._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________12.徐汇区Why Don’t We Use the Math We Learn in School?How much of the math you’ve learned in school is used in everyday life?For the majority of people,the answer is surprisingly little.Clearly,some people learn math very well and apply it in everyday problem-solving settings.The question is why most people don’t,in spite of spending many years practicing it.The first explanation blames the failure of education.One of the major barriers to using a skill in real life is automaticity.We tend to find the least-effort solution to our problem.If struggling through a math problem is hard for you,you’ll find a different way to solve it that doesn’t rely on math.The familiar model for teaching mathematics revolves around teacherstelling students certain rules,applying those rules to examples and students then practicing problems similar to the examples seen in class.By teaching in this way,a lot of the work and deep thought that went into the creation of these mathematical rules is lost.In that sense,people were never taught math thoroughly enough to use it automatically in real life.The second explanation is a little different.It argues that people may develop competence in math classes,but they struggle to translate real-life problems into a format where they can use their mathematics knowledge.This seems most apparent in the case of applying algebra(代数). Students struggle with algebra,but they particularly struggle with word problems.Yet,the equivalent real-life problems are typically much harder than word problems.From this perspective, what people struggle with is not doing math,but recognizing where and how to apply math to real problems.Educational researchers now emphasize the importance of transfer and deep understanding. They believe we need to give students more training in noticing and converting everyday situations into the math problems they know how to solve.By using real-life math applications, students can make connections between math and everyday life._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________13.浦东新区The problem of electronic wasteWe have gradually come to realise that in two ways in particular,modern hi-tech can be bad for the planet.The first is its energy use;the worldwide scale of information technology is so enormous that electronics now produce fully two percent of global carbon emissions,which is about the same as the highly controversial emissions of aeroplanes.The other is the hardware, when it comes to the end of its natural life.This,increasingly,is pretty short.We have hardly noticed this important stream of waste,so much so that a Greenpeace report on the untraced and unreported e-waste two years ago referred to it as“the hidden flow”.We need to be aware of it.The latest United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP)report estimates that worldwide, electronic waste is mounting by about40million tons a year.So what can we do about it?The European Union has recognised the problem by adopting a key principle:producer responsibility.In other words,making it the duty of manufacturers of electronic goods to ensure their safe disposal at the end of their lives.In practice,an EU regulation now means that electronics dealers must either take back the equipment they sold you,or help to finance a network。

2020宝山一模VI.Guided Writing76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120〜150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是红星中学高三年级的学生，你的英语老师在作文批阅时经常采用学生自批，学生互批或教师批阅（或集体批阅或面批）的方式。

请就此情况通过微信和英语老师沟通一下，谈谈你的看法，你的文章必须包括：*你喜欢哪种方式？为什么？*提出你认为可以提高作文批阅效率的合理化建议并给出理由。

注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称。

2020崇明一模VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.76.明启中学为了进一步丰富学校艺术节，决定在原有三个专场（分别是：书法专场、器乐专场、歌曲专场）的基础上再增加一个专场，现向广大师生征求意见。

假设你是该校学生林平，给负责的王老师写一封电子邮件，表达你的意见。

邮件内容须包括：>增加的专场的名称；>该专场的具体内容；>增加该专场的理由。

注：文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。

1 / 8 1/ 82020奉贤一模VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.随着移动网络的发展，各种手机APP应运而生，给我们的生活带来了极大便利，但许多同学也因此沉迷网络。

现学生会发起一项清理手机APP的倡议，如果你只能从以下四个APPs：Wechat，Taobao，E-dictionary，Glory of Kings (mobile game)中保留两个，你会如何选择，并说明理由。

Exercise 1With only two weeks to go before Christmas, buying presents is a high priority for a lot ofpeople. However, this year not so many people are leaving their homes to go shopping. Thesedays lots of people can do their shopping in the comfort of their own home with the help of theInternet.Online shopping is becoming more and more popular for a number of reasons: prices are oftenlower online; you don't have to queue up in busy shops and you can buy almost any productimaginable with just a few clicks of your mouse.Both male and female are buying into the trend, but women are expected to do more shoppingon the Internet than men. It seems women are now more attracted to the convenience of onlineshopping than they used to be. Average spending online this Christmas by women will rise to￡240 (3.360 yuan) compared to the slightly lower average of ￡233 (3,262 yuan) for men.In the past a lot of people were reluctant to shop online. Many were worried about the securityof entering their card details on the Internet and the reliability of the Internet but as shoppingonline has become more widespread, these worries have begun to disappear. 45% of Internetusers still do have security worries but it hasn't slowed down the ever-increasing numbers ofonline shoppers.One victim of the online shopping boom is the UK high street. The average spending perperson on the high street is only ￡197. 70% of Internet users who are now buying theirChristmas gifts online.参考范文：This year, people are doing Christmas shopping online at home rather than leave their homesfor cheaper goods and more convenience.(要点1) With increasing popularity of onlineshopping, women spend more than men.(要点2) Although safety is a major concernforshopping online,still more and more people choose to shop online.(要点3) With the pressurefrom widespread online shopping, traditional shops in the UK high street began their salespromotion earlier this Christmas.(要点4)分析过程：一、试题详解．1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文,共分五段。

2020上海静安高三英语一模作文范文The year 2020 was a challenging one for students across the globe as the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the traditional education system. In Shanghai, the students of Jing'an High School faced their own unique set of obstacles as they prepared for the crucial English language exam known as the First Mock Exam. Despite the adversity, these resilient young minds rose to the occasion, showcasing their academic prowess and linguistic abilities.The students of Jing'an High School approached the exam with a steely determination, fueled by their unwavering commitment to excellence. They understood that the First Mock Exam was a critical milestone in their academic journey, a stepping stone towards their future success. The school's administration and faculty played a pivotal role in ensuring that the students were well-equipped to tackle the exam, providing comprehensive support and guidance throughout the preparation process.One of the standout features of the Jing'an High School approach was the emphasis on developing a well-rounded understanding ofthe English language. The curriculum not only focused on the core linguistic skills of reading, writing, listening, and speaking but also delved into the cultural and contextual aspects of the language. Students were encouraged to explore the nuances of English usage, to understand the historical and social influences that shaped the language, and to apply their knowledge in real-world scenarios.This holistic approach paid dividends as the students tackled the First Mock Exam. The reading comprehension section challenged them to analyze complex passages, to extract key information, and to draw insightful conclusions. The students demonstrated their ability to navigate these challenges with ease, showcasing their critical thinking skills and their deep understanding of the language.The writing component of the exam was particularly noteworthy, as the students were required to craft well-structured, coherent, and compelling essays. The prompts tested their ability to express their ideas clearly and effectively, to organize their thoughts in a logical manner, and to use appropriate vocabulary and grammar. TheJing'an High School students rose to the occasion, producing essays that were both intellectually stimulating and linguistically impressive.The listening section of the exam further highlighted the students' proficiency in the English language. They demonstrated their ability to comprehend spoken English, to identify key details, and to drawaccurate inferences from the audio passages. This skill set is crucial in today's globalized world, where effective communication across linguistic barriers is essential for success.The students' performance in the speaking component of the exam was equally impressive. They showcased their fluency in English, their ability to engage in dynamic conversations, and their capacity to express their thoughts and opinions with clarity and confidence. The examiners were struck by the students' poise and their genuine enthusiasm for the language.Throughout the exam, the Jing'an High School students displayed a level of preparation and dedication that was truly inspiring. They had worked tirelessly, putting in countless hours of study and practice, to ensure that they were ready to face the challenges of the First Mock Exam. Their resilience and determination in the face of the pandemic's disruptions were truly admirable.The success of the Jing'an High School students in the First Mock Exam is a testament to the quality of education provided by the institution. The school's commitment to excellence, its focus on holistic language development, and its ability to foster a supportive and nurturing learning environment have all contributed to the students' outstanding performance.As these students move forward in their academic journeys, they carry with them the invaluable lessons and skills they have acquired at Jing'an High School. They are poised to become the next generation of leaders, innovators, and global citizens, equipped with the linguistic and intellectual prowess to make a lasting impact on the world.The story of the Jing'an High School students' triumph in the First Mock Exam is a powerful reminder of the transformative power of education. It showcases the incredible potential of young minds when they are provided with the right resources, support, and opportunities to thrive. As we look towards the future, it is our collective responsibility to ensure that all students, regardless of their circumstances, have access to the same level of quality education and the chance to reach their full potential.。

【关键字】英语2018年高三一模作文汇编1.黄浦区2017年已接近尾声，还记得年初你为自己定下的小目标吗？不知你是否实现了你的小目标？发一个微信朋友圈来回顾一下吧（文中请不要出现真实的校名人名）。

你的朋友圈文字内容需包括：1. 你的2017年度小目标；2. 你为实现年度小目标所作的努力；3. 你实现（或没有实现）年度小目标的经验总结。

范文：My new year’s resolution for 2017 was that I should be able to communicate with foreign people in English. To achieve this goal, I had asked my English teacher for help. According to her suggestions, I made up a plan.Firstly, I started with simply reading English articles and found many pronunciation errors in my reading after listening to the video tape of its recording. Then, I tried to learn phonetics and practice one syllable after another again and again. I started with a single word, then a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph and finally the whole passage. After 3-month practice, I was able to read an article fluently without making any mistakes in pronunciation. I felt happy. Next, I practiced my listening. By listening to a passage four times, I required myself to take it down without spelling errors or any information blank. Last but not least, I installed an app called Shanbei Oral English on my phone to practice both my listening and speaking. It’s like having conversations with a robot. I had to understand what it said to me and answer its questions accordingly. After practicing for almost 8 months, I had my first talking session with an American teacher in our school. I was proud of myself.What I have learnt from this experience is something as a saying goes: no pain no gain. Though the process of learning could be dull and tiring, it’s worth all the efforts after I achieved my goal. Even if I didn’t, it’s still a valuable part of my life.阅卷作文8+8+4=20The wonderful year of 2017 is drawing to an end. I remember that I set an annual goal to keep fit at the beginning of 2017, since staying healthy is crucial to ensuring my study, thus better prepare myself for Gaokao.To achieve my goal of keeping fit, here are some efforts I’ve taken throughout the year. On the very first day of 2017, I downloaded a fitness app called Keep. Following the fitness instructions the app offered, I exercised every other night before I go to bed. Also, I did some research into the daily nutrition I need in order to stay healthy both physically and mentally, after which I devised a moderate dieting plan. Apart from the above, I’ve invited family members and friends to join me so that we can encourage each other and exchange fitness experience.So far, the record shown on my fitness app shows that I’ve done well this year, reaching a record high of 200 training times in total. Although at times I felt like giving up because of too much study pressure and limited time, I’m glad I have stuck to my plan. It seems to me that anything is possible if I throw in all of my energy and passion, and most of all, perseverance. Some rules apply to study. So I hope I will keep such passion and strength to do my best in the coming 2018. （237 words）点评：1．文本结构段落清晰，符合作文题目要求。

2017〜2020年上海高考英语概要写作汇编2020年秋考Are people unique?It is human beings' pride that we are the only species on the Planet that can speak and think. However, recent research casts doubt on that common belief.Zuberbiililer a psychologist at St. Andrews University, and his colleagues recorded tliousands of calls made by Diana monkeys and noticed that die monkeys adapted their calls to change the meaiung to warn one another about different situations. For example, they made a 'krack' alarm call at the sight of tiger However, when they merely repeated calls made by otlier monkeys they added an 4oo\The researchers fbimd that the same calls would be recognised by other species, like Campbelfs monkeys. So they are communicating across species. *And since then we have found that hornbill birds can understand these calls and they too can understand all die different meanings', said Zuberbuhler.What is also surprising is that signs of mtelligence have been found in birds, whose small brains were long assumed to be a complete barrier to mtelligence. However, all that is changing fast. A few years ago Irene Pepperberg of die Massachusetts Iiistimte of Teclinology taught a parrot to recognise and count up to six objects, which couldn't have been achieved if birds were unable to memorize.Last year, that was topped by Alex Kacelmk, a professor of behavioral ecology at Oxford, who discovered that crows （乌鸦）are capable of using tools in complex orders, the first time such behaviour has been observed ui non-huinans. In an experiment seven crows successfully grabbed a piece of food placed out of reach using three different lengtlis of stick. Crucially, they were able to complete the task without any special training, suggesting the birds were capable of a level of abstract reasoning normally associated only with humans.All this is powerful evidence against die idea that people are unique.参考答案：Scientists have discovered signs of language and intelligence in monkeys and birds. Some monkeys can communicate vanous messages with different calls in and across species. Some birds, like parrots and crows, have the ability to memorize and reason. So language and intelligence are not imique to humans.2020年春考Global CooperationIn the 21st century, we\'e seen a new trend that is pusluiig the boundaries（边界）of human invention and innovation - global cooperation. Scientific and teclinical research and development is now so complicated that no one scientist can know it all. So, increasingly, innovation is coming from die combmmg of cutting-edge expertise（专业知识）from difiereiit scientific fields.There are now over 8.000 scientific journals worldwide and it is mipossible to be ail expert m all areas. Therefore,in this highly specialized world, scientists, medics and engineers have to cooperate in order to innovate. Professor Bob Langer at Massachusetts Institute of Teclinology QUT) has made significant breaktliroughs in the field of biomedical enguieeriiig. But he hasn't done it on his own. He has invited experts from around the world in different fields to form a global team to design new substances which can go inside the body deliver medicines and then dissolve.Also at MIT, when Cesar Harada heard about the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. he quit his dream job there and tried to develop a more efficient way to remove the oil. But rather than focusing on profit, he decided to 4open-source' the design. He shared his own ideas on die web for free and then got experts from all around the world to contribute ideas and even donations. Thanks to this free, not-for-profit way of sharing ideas and intellectual property on the mtemet, a boat capable of cleaning oil quickly came into being. Obviously, mternational cooperation based on sharmg information freely has produced innovative approaches to solving problems.It appears that the days of brilliant individuals working in tlieir garages on their own are over. Global teams with a united purpose building on everyone's expertise can collectively do far more than one brilliant individual. Today's world calls for global cooperators, sharers, and not protectors of ideas.参考答案：In this century, global cooperation in science and technology is desirable because no single scientist can be a kiiow-all due to the complexity of research and development. Scientists are workmg together to make breaktlirouglis. Tliey also manage to solve problems by sharing ideas infbmiation freely. Gone are the days when one expert can make it alone.2019年秋考Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize die main idea and the mam poiiit(s) of the passage m no more tliaii 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Bemg among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. When you're the only member of your social circle with the latest hot device, people stare in fascination. However, people tend to underestimate die costs of this temporary coolness, which tliey pay in more ways than one.Frankly speaking, early adoption is a bad investment. The earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can. and once the profits from early adopters' purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut die price and shift to the next marketing phase: selling the product to everyone else. Tins is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about S200 only eight months after its release.Those who are first to leap into a new technology also risk wastmg money and time on something that will never catch on. Iii 2006, HD DVDs, a new format (制式)for video, entered the market. A few eager consumers bought HD DVD players that were discontinued in early 2008. The early adopters were then stuck with pricey devices tliat just sat on their shelves collecting dust.Another good reason to resist die early adoption temptation is tliat die first version of a product typically has m^erfections. For example, when Microsoft's game maclmie, Xbox One, was first released in 2013, users miinediately began to complam of problems. Devoted gamers worked to find and share solutions to tliese issues. Such problems are so common witlinew technology that early adopters are basically unpaid testers.So don't join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest version of device; instead, wait and see.参考答案：It is unwise to be early users of the latest devices. Firstly, the devices, when launched, are often overpriced because companies want to get back the cost quickly. Secondly, what you have bought can be out of date very soon. Finally, the deuces are very likely imperfect. Therefore, don't be early adopters.1.在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，能根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意两点A 2.需要说明作者对这一行为的态度（开头结尾皆可）It is unwise.../Don't become...（表述可不相同）如没有表达出这一态度，内容不能拿满分一在包含主题句及涵盖三个要点的基础上，,根据文章准确阐述三个要点中任意一点的具体内容: （1）Firstly, the devices, when launched, are often overpriced because companies want to get back the cost qui B ckly.（该要点阐述定价高的理由）（2）Secondly, what you have bought can be out of date very soon.（该要点阐述果实很快）（3）Finally, the devices are very r likely imperfect.（该要点阐述设备不完美，如只写“unpaid testers"不准确）一必须准确写出主题句及涵盖三个要点，要点可以不展开1 .主题句中"Early adopters /early users of latest devices”划线部分信息在主题句中没有表述，但下文提及，表述不扣分；但如果下文没有表达清楚是什么的早期使用者术语主题句表述不准确。

Exercise 1A father’s relationship to his child’s current and future academic success and the level of his or her development in academic potential and scholastic achievement are both factors with some rather interesting implications that educators are beginning to study. As a matter of fact, “life with father” has been discovered to be a very important factor in determining a child’s progress or lack of progress in school.A recent survey of over 16,000 children made by the National Child Development Study in London revealed that children whose fathers came to school conferences and accompanied their children on outings did better in school than those children whose fathers were not involved in those activities. The study, which monitored children born during a week in March, 1992，from the time of their birth through the years of their early schooling, further revealed that the children of actively involved fathers scored much higher in reading and math than those children whose only involved parent was the mother. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the role played by fathers in the raising of a child. It indicated a much higher level of parental involvement by the father than had been anticipated. Over 66% of the fathers were said to have played a major role in parental responsibility.The study also suggested that the greatest level of parenting took place in the families of only child. As the number of children and financial expenses increases, the father’s apparent interest and involvement with the children decreased. However, no matter what the size or financial condition of the family，a father’s active participation in the child’s development made a definite difference in the child’s progress.The study further revealed that while the frequency of overnight absences reflected a corresponding deficiency of the child’s level in math and reading, a father’s employment on night shifts appeared to have little effect on the child’s academic progress. The information evaluating the level of the father’s parenting performance was taken primarily from the admittedly subjective observations of their wives.参考答案：A recent study discovered that a father^ influence played a significant role in the level of the child’s academic progress.(要点1) As is suggested, the father’s involvement with children was affected by the size of the family and its financial expenses.(要点2) So children who tended to progress academically were those only children.(要点3) Moreover, a father’s frequent overnight absence had a bad effect on the child’s progress.(要点4)分析过程：试题详解1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，共四段。

2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编—概要写作（含答案）（精校版）2020年上海各区高三英语一模汇编—概要写作（含答案）（精校版）One【虹口区】The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things? Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series. If you have, you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect. You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks. Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time. We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming. However, the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started. The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant. In fact, it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam. The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall. So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting, breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else. This will cause intrusive(侵入的) thoughts, enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered, leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems. If an individual leavesimportant tasks incomplete, the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, and emotional distress. Conversely, completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well-being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.【答案】The Zeiguvnik Effect is that you always remember unfinished matter, which can be well used. The effect helps you overcome procrastination and have a good start. The effect is effective for students to improve recall and remember things better. It also encourage people to finish work and improve psychological well-being. It can influence us positively in all aspect.【解析】要点中需要包括：1.The Zeigarnik Effect的定义2.三个好处容易出现的问题：主旨句不清晰；语言不够精炼。

2020届高考英语概要写作专题2019-06汪敏概要写作专题一. 基本考情（一）高考官方大纲要求学习内容学习水平学习要求记叙文基本结构D分析语篇的基本结构和主要信息，把握记叙文的主旨大意和段落大意；就日常生活中的话题和需要，灵活运用记叙文完成口头或书面的表达主旨大意、段落大意关键词句、隐含意思C 在口头或书面交流中推断语段或语篇的隐含意义说明文说明方法 C掌握举例、分类、比较等各种说明方法；在口头或书面表达中运用恰当的说明方法进行介绍或描述议论文论点与论据C掌握语篇的论点及相关论据；推断论点或论据中关键词句的隐含意思；在口头或书面表达中提出论点，运用恰当的论据支撑论点（二）高考真题及评分标准Directions:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Learning by Rote in the Digital AgeRote learning has become seen as an outdated method of teaching. The dictionary defines learning ‘by rote’ as: ‘from memory, without thought of the meaning; in a mechanical way’.The decline of rote learning has been quickened by technology. No one needs to memorize friends’ phone numbers or email addresses because such data is conveniently stored and accessible electronically. And why remember when and where World War Two broke out when you can find the answer on the internet in about 6 seconds? But now there are voices for a need to return to rote learning.In fact, memorizing key data is essential to learning any skill. Doctoring requires knowledge of medicine and lawyering requires knowledge of cases and laws. Of course, being able to recall things will not further your understanding of those things, but without memorizing these foundation elements, you cannot progress to a deeper understanding of a subject.While the internet and computers have weakened the need for us to remember things, it may well be that mobile learning can help bring this style of learning back to life by making it more convenient and more fun.Drilling yourself-with flashcards or by repetition-is usually hard and boring work, which is why most people need their multiplication tables to be drilled into them by teachers or parents. Rote learning without a willing third party can be a battle of discipline and motivation. But mobile learning can make those flashcards and drills more appropriate to individual study; our digital devices can challenge and inform us at the same time and also keep us motivated, whether through game-like structures or recording our progress.Once you’ve acquired the essentials of a subject by rote learnin g, you will find it easier to go deeper in the application of knowledge which is important.参考答案（仅供阅卷老师参考）Rote learning means mechanical memorization. Although technology makes it less needed, its value is being rediscovered. Rote learning helps people acquire basic knowledge, laying a foundation for further understanding. In fact, technology makes mobile learning possible, which motivates learners in rote learning and makes memorization more interesting and individualized.评分标准:1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。

Exercise 1Water is very important for living things. Without water there can be no life on the earth. Allanimals and plants need water. Man also needs water. Almost everyone knows that water coversthree- fourths of the earth5s surface. Most of it, however, is in the oceans and is too salty to drink.Also, some of it is frozen and cannot be used. In fact, less than one percent is left for the use ofpeople, animals and plant life.All through history men have tried to build their homes near the sources of fresh water. Nowfresh water is becoming scarce, but more and more is needed because of the increasing numberof people in the world. Some industries also use large amounts of fresh water in the productionof things such as steel, petrol, paper, rubber and so on.Meanwhile, water problem is becoming more serious and more complex. Our increasingpopulation tremendously increases urban wastes, primarily polluted water. On the other hand,increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available fordiluting(稀释）wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complexchemical processes will produce larger volume of liquid wastes, and many of these will containchemicals which are poisonous. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will haveto be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.Scientists estimate that the problem of water shortage will become severe. Thus it is apparentthat effective steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollutionproblem and to find new ways of saving and producing fresh water as well. Some nations haveworked on the problem and are already sharing their information with others. They are trying tokeep their rivers from becoming polluted. Deep wells are also being dug, and rain water is beingcollected in huge artificial lakes. In one way or another, they hope to provide enough water tosatisfy the needs of their people.参考范文：1) With the worldwide increase of要点Water is essential for all the living things on the earth.(population，more water is needed.(要点2) Meanwhile，water sources are getting polluted bypoisonous chemical wastes produced by human beings in one way or another.(要点3) Thusmeasures are being taken to solve this problem, hoping to find better ways to save and producewater to meet the needs.分析过程1.核心内容本文是一篇说明文，全文分为四段。

2020届长宁金山区高三英语一模试卷Cryptocurrency(加密货币)Making payments online is very easy these days if you have a credit card or a bank card that uses a payment network. Sending money online to a friend,you have to use a payment service like Google Pay or PayPal,or make a bank transfer. However,there is usually a significant delay before the receiver can use the money,and transfers can have sizeable fees.In2008,a group of people published a paper describing a process that would use cryptograph(密码学)to create a secure electronic cash system,known as a cryptocurrency.Person-to-person payments could be made online using a shared network of computers instead of a bank or other financial organization.Each transaction could happen very quickly.The shared network of computers would also serve as the means to confirm those transactions safely.Getting rid of the need for a centralized banking system would open up the possibility for anyone to become part of the digital economy.Today,there are over a thousand different cryptocurrencies.Most are still trying to be valid global payment systems like Bitcoin.They are held back by problems affecting the entire cryptocurrency industry.One issue is weak security on cryptocurrency websites where users either store their electronic cash in virtual“wallets”or exchange one kind of electronic cash for another.However,clever thieves have broken into many of these websites and stolen electronic cash.The websites are struggling to protect their users from such thefts.Another problem is the large number of false cryptocurrencies advertised on the Internet.The advertisements invite Internet users to visit websites offering new cryptocurrencies.Many visitors are persuaded to buy their cryptocurrencies using actual ter,the websites disappear along with the victims’money.In response to this problem,companies like Facebook and Google are limiting cryptocurrency advertising on their websites.宝山区2019学年第一学期期末People choose to become entrepreneurs(创业者)for a wide variety of reasons.One important reason is,of course, financial reward.If you own your own business and it becomes successful,you can reap huge financial rewards.And as an entrepreneur,dependent on how much your boss decides to give you;it’s limited only by the success of your business.And speaking of bosses,not having a supervisor is another major advantage of becoming an entrepreneur.Entrepreneurs are often independent thinkers who want to be in charge of projects,rather than having others tell them what to do.They often have big dreams that they want to pursue rather than making someone else’s dream come true.For many entrepreneurs, starting a business is a way of solving a problem or helping people receive something they need.It’s a way to change the world for the better.Being an entrepreneur isn’t easy,however,nor is it always fun.Entrepreneurs often have to work long hours,especially early on when they’re trying to get their businesses off the ground.That’s the reason entrepreneurs need to have a strong work ethic(伦理).Employees can work40hours a week and then stop,but for an entrepreneur,there’s no end in sight.That’s why another feature of successful entrepreneurs is passion;they have to be excited about what they’re doing to be willing to work hard for it.Entrepreneurs also need good communication skills to pass on that passion to others.That’s important for finding investors,getting people to buy products and attracting employees.Entrepreneurs also need to be creative people who are able to find solutions to problems they encounter.This is important from the very beginning,when the entrepreneur comes up with an initial concept of a business.But even after that initial step,creative thinking is continually necessary to adapt to changing situations and to solve problems that come up.崇明区2020届第一次英语高考模拟考试试卷Giving ThanksThis is the season for taking the time to reflect on what we’re thankful for in life.Spending that time with friends and family to give thanks is what makes the holidays so special.But why should we limit it to just a few weeks in the years? Gratitude is a muscle we should strengthen year-round to make us healthier,happier humans and leaders.Emmons,through his research,found that grateful people reported feeling healthier,both mentally and physically. Specifically,those who were grateful were25percent happier than those who weren’t.In the workplace,well-being is a crucial topic when it comes to preventing employee burn-out and promoting engagement.Beyond the research that shows that employees who are shown that they are appreciated are more productive by50percent,caring for your employees’well-being is simply the right thing to do.Providing programs that support managing life’s everyday challenges,offering fitness classes or implementing flexible work schedules are just a few things that,when paired with gratitude,can lead to more productive,engaged and happier working professionals.Working in an ever-evolving,fast-paced industry,I am surrounded by ambitious people who are always striving for more and better.Gratitude challenges you to reflect in the moment instead of always thinking about the future.It starts by paying attention to what’s going on in your life,and that true self-awareness is a key ingredient to being successful in your career.Gratitude is a powerful tool for strengthening relationships,both at work and in your personal life.People who express their gratitude tend to be more willing to forgive others and therefore able to create long-lasting connections.The old saying goes“It’s never too late to say you’re sorry,”but the same is true of gratitude.That’s a gift worth celebrating 365days a year.虹口区2019学年度第一学期期终学生学习能力诊断测试The Zeigarnik EffectHave you ever found yourself thinking about a partially finished project for school or work when you were trying to focus on other things?Or perhaps you wondered what would happen next in your favorite TV show or film series.If you have,you’ve experienced the Zeigarnik effect.You tend to remember unfinished tasks better than finished tasks.Knowledge of the Zeigarnik effect can be put into use in everyday life.The effect is especially well suited for helping overcome procrastination or delaying an action to a later time.We often put off big tasks that seem overwhelming.However,the Zeigarnik effect suggests that the key to overcoming procrastination is to just get started.The first step could be something small and seemingly insignificant.In fact,it’s probably best if it’s something fairly easy.The Zeigarnik effect can be useful for students who are studying for an exam.The effect tells us that breaking up study periods can actually improve recall.So instead of cramming for an exam all in one sitting,breaks should be scheduled in which the student focuses on something else.This will cause intrusive(侵入的)thoughts,enabling students to rehearse and consolidate the information that must be remembered,leading to better recall when they take the exam.The Zeigarnik effect also points to reasons why people may experience mental health problems.If an individual leaves important tasks incomplete,the intrusive thoughts that result can lead to stress,anxiety,difficulty sleeping,and emotional distress.Conversely,completing a task can give an individual a sense of accomplishment and lead to a feeling of closure that can improve psychological well-being.The Zeigarnik effect can actually be used to positively impact your work productivity.2019学年度嘉定区高三年级第一次质量调研Most of us—even those at the top—struggle with public-speaking anxiety.When I ask my clients what makes them nervous,invariably they respond with the same answers:“I don’t like being watched”,“I don’t like the eyes on me”or“I don’t like being in the spotlight”.To understand why,we need to go way back to prehistoric times,when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat.Those eyes were likely predators(肉食动物)and people were terrified of being eaten alive.The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking.In other words,public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA.Fortunately,there is a solution:human generosity.The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience.Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala(扁桃腺)activity,which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain.When we are kind to others,we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous.Admittedly,this is hard to do.But it’s absolutely possible to become a generous speaker.To begin with,when you start preparing for a presentation,the mistake you often make is starting with the topic.Instead,you should start with the audience.Identify the audience’s needs,and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs.Also,you are the most nervous right before you speak.This is the moment when your brain is telling you,“Everyone is judging me.”But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain.Over time,your brain will begin to get it,and you will become less nervous.黄浦区2019学年度第一学期高三年级期终调研测试Online“friends”―a threat to developmentThe impact of technology on the nature of our friendships has been a much-debated topic since the dramatic rise of social networks.Advances in mobile technology and social networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before.It is therefore not surprising that so many psychologists,sociologists,and others are eager to give their thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society.There is one element of social networking that is deeply worrying.We find ourselves in a hyper-connected world where people access social media day and night,excited to make announcements about the tiniest details of their lives. Research is starting to show that this culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character.Professor Larry D. Rosen says that young people who overuse social networking sites can become ineffective,aggressive,and display anti-social behavior in their offline lives.But perhaps an even more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing—empathy.This is the emotion that allows us to see the world from our friends’points of view. Without it,we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult relationships.Professor Sherry Turkle suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone.This is something confirmed by a study where200university students were asked to go without social media for24hours.Many admitted an addiction to their online social network;most complained that they felt cut off from family and friends.And yet being alone is a time when we self-reflect and get in touch with who we really are.It is only when we do this that we can make meaningful friendships with others.These potential changes in our characters are rather alarming,so it is clear that we can’t neglect those negative impacts of social networks.青浦区2019学年第一学期高三英语期终学业质量调研试卷Social media and teens’anxietyFrom cyber-bullying to cruel comments,social media can be a land mine for kids.Issues parents never worried about are now a risk for many teens.With kids’digital well-being a concern,researchers are exploring potential links between social media and the rise in teen suicide rates,tech addiction,and loss of real-life social skills.Many parents are wondering: Is social media causing my kid to have anxiety?It’s a question that worried parents.Some research has observed a relationship between social media use and anxiety in kids,but it’s difficult to know if and when social media causes anxiety or whether kids who are anxious turn to social media as a way to seek support.How kids use social media matters,too.Social comparison and feedback-seeking behaviors have been associated with depressive symptoms,which often co-occur with anxiety.How can parents keep social media a positive for kids?1.Seeing photos of a trip to the beach your friends didn’t invite you to can really be upsetting.If your kid is tired of digital drama,suggest they take a break from social media for a while.In fact,if they post a status update that they’re takinga break,their friends might be very accepting because they’ve had similar feelings.2.People post stuff that makes their lives look perfect—not the homework struggles,or the fight they had with their dad.Remind kids that social media leaves the messy stuff out—and that everyone has ups and downs.3.In a world where kids could spend their days lying around looking at Wechat,it’s doubly important for them to feel as though they’re cultivating their inner lives.Prompt them to balance social media with soul-nourishing activities such as hobbies,exercise,reading,and helping others.Otherwise,what are they going to show off about on social media?浦东新区2019学年度第一学期期末教学质量检测How Supermarkets Are Changing BritainThe British love their supermarkets.And there are more and more of them every year.But is this a good thing?Not necessarily.For a start,many small shops can’t compete on price with superstores such as Tesco.And they don’t have as many products either.As a result,36%of the UK’s small shops shut down between1990and1996while the number of supermarkets increased from457to1,102.Supermarkets have even had a negative effect on the British pub. Beer and wine is much cheaper in a supermarket than in a pub.There are now over55,000supermarkets in the UK,but less than55,000pubs.A decade ago there were more than61,000.These days,pubs are closing at the rate of39a week!Supermarkets are also bad for animal welfare.The UK has high standards in this field,but some supermarkets get their meat from abroad.And in many cases,this meat is produced under conditions that would be illegal in the UK.But once they’ve got the meat,supermarkets put a British flag on the product as the meat is packed there.Dishonest?Not exactly,but it isn’t entirely true either!Supermarkets have a poor environmental record too.Many of them don’t store food products themselves as storage space is expensive,so they get food producers to do it for them.This means that supermarket lorries have to make more trips to collect supplies.In turn,this increases the amount of petrol used,which leads to more pollution.Supermarkets also use a lot of plastic packaging,which isn’t good for the environment either.So,what can be done to help the“little guys”?Not much really.Supermarkets have a lot of power.Many political parties receive donations from supermarkets.And supermarkets often use their money to influence decisions.For example, just before the year2000,one supermarket gave the government£12million to help build the Millennium Dome in London. Later,plans to tax supermarket car parks were dropped.松江区2019学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷It goes without saying that the language spoken by the majority of British people has the same name as the language spoken by most citizens of the U.S.A.Nonetheless,quite apart from well-documented lexical(词汇的)differences–pavement/sidewalk,lift/elevator,etc.–there are still some words and phrases which can cause confusion and misunderstanding between speakers of the two different forms.That’s why some people say that Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language.There are practical reasons for this.When the first English settlers arrived in what we now call America,the language they spoke was naturally the same as that spoken by their compatriots(同胞)on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean.However,they immediately saw things which didn’t exist in Europe,often items used and made by Native Americans,such as canoes and moccasins and creatures such as buffalo.They also picked up words which they heard being used by other European immigrants.The word“boss”, for example,was used by settlers from Holland in New York in the mid-17th century.It comes from the Dutch word“baas”, which means master.The word“cookie”also comes from the Dutch“koekje”.There are many words,phrases and even grammatical structures which are mistaken for Americanisms(美式英语用语) in Britain when they are nothing of the sort.Very often,they represent not an American import,but an original form of British English which has disappeared in Britain.The verbs“guess”meaning think and“loan”meaning lend and the adjective“mad”meaning angry are frequently criticized as Americanisms,yet they all appeared in British English hundreds of years ago.In the case of“loan”,it was used as long ago as1,200years!In fact,English spoken in the UK has changed so thoroughly in the last500years that American English now represents the last place where some original British English forms can be found.2019学年第一学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷The Decline of BiodiversityBiodiversity is the range of living things in an area.During the last100years,scientists have seen a great decline in biodiversity.Some studies show that one in eight plant species is threatened with extinction.It is estimated that140,000 species of plants are lost each year.Most of the extinctions in the last thousand years are due to humans.The main cause is the chopping down of tropical rain forests.Most of this destruction is done to create pasture(牧场)for beef cattle.Many rainforests in Central and South America have been burnt down to make way for cattle farming,which supplies beef to the rest of the world.It is estimated that for each pound of beef produced,200square feet of rainforest are destroyed.The forests are also cut down to make wheat for bread as well as fruit for human consumption.The introduction of exotic(外来的)species is another threat.The latest research from the University of Southampton has revealed the impact of exotic species upon native wildlife,which could potentially lead to the extinctions of local species.When exotic species are introduced to a place,they try to establish a self-sustaining population.While the local species,which haven’t had a chance to evolve,often lack defenses and thus cannot compete against the exotic species.The disappearance of certain food animals can be disastrous not only to larger animals but also to the entire ecosystem. It is these small creatures which convert much of the energy in an ecosystem from unusable(i.e.microscopic plants, decaying matter,etc.)into usable forms,namely their bodies.Their absence makes most energy and nutrients trapped in forms unusable to other species.This makes the environment less suitable for healthy living,and less capable of producing resources that humans need.杨浦区2019学年度第一学期高三模拟质量调研The Psychology of SpendingDr.Thomas Gilovich,psychology professor at Cornell University,has studied the psychology of spending for over20 years.According to Dr.Gilovich,“We buy things to make us happy,and we succeed,but only for a while.New things are exciting to us at first,but then we adapt to them.”In other words,once the freshness of our newest purchase wears off,we begin looking for something else to buy to make us happy.Dr.Gilovich found that our satisfaction with possessions fades over time.Yet our happiness over things we've experienced increases.For that reason,he has concluded that we are spending our money on the wrong things.A study out of San Francisco State University agrees.The research showed that those people who spent money on experiences instead of possessions were happier.They also thought their money was better invested.To begin with,activities like a trip,adventure,hobby,etc.tend to bring the participants together and unite them over a shared interest.According to Gilovich,“We consume experiences directly with other people.”As a result,these experiences typically create a positive link and good feelings toward the other person or people.Besides,your experience shows others who you are and what you are.For example,you might be someone who loves taking cooking classes.More than likely,you'll become known by friends and family as a great cook.They won't know you as someone who owns the latest kitchen equipment.Lastly,planned experiences are frequently something we look forward to.Then when the moment arrives,if we enjoy the time involved in the activity,we're left with fond memories.These memories will often last a lifetime.Even our worst trips, on many occasions,are later remembered with laughter.11。