2013.4西湖英语

西湖英语介绍作文带翻译West Lake, located in the heart of Hangzhou City, is one of the most famous tourist attractions in China. It is a beautiful freshwater lake surrounded by mountains and dotted with islands, pagodas, gardens, and bridges. Withits picturesque scenery, rich cultural heritage, and tranquil atmosphere, West Lake has been a source of inspiration for poets, artists, and scholars for centuries.West Lake covers an area of 6.39 square kilometers and has a circumference of 15 kilometers. It is divided into five sections, namely the Outer West Lake, North Inner West Lake, Yuehu Lake, West Inner Lake, and Lesser South Lake. Each section has its own unique features and attractions.The Outer West Lake is the largest and most popular section of West Lake. It is home to many famous landmarks, such as the Broken Bridge, Leifeng Pagoda, and Su Causeway. The Broken Bridge is a stone arch bridge that connects the eastern and western banks of the lake. It is famous for itsromantic legend of a love story between a fisherman and a fairy. Leifeng Pagoda is a five-story pagoda that was built in 975 AD and was once one of the tallest buildings in China. It collapsed in 1924 and was rebuilt in 2002. Su Causeway is a long causeway that stretches across the lake and is lined with willow trees. It was built by the famous poet and statesman Su Dongpo during the Song Dynasty.The North Inner West Lake is a quiet and peaceful section of West Lake. It is home to the famous Three Pools Mirroring the Moon, which is a group of three small pagodas that are reflected in the water and create a beautiful scene during the Mid-Autumn Festival. The Yuehu Lake is a small lake that is surrounded by mountains and is famousfor its lotus flowers. The West Inner Lake is a secluded section of West Lake that is home to many temples, gardens, and pavilions. The Lesser South Lake is a small lake thatis connected to the West Inner Lake by a narrow waterway.In addition to its natural beauty, West Lake is also known for its cultural significance. It has been a center of art, literature, and philosophy for centuries. Manyfamous poets, such as Su Dongpo, Bai Juyi, and Lin Bu, wrote poems about West Lake. Many famous painters, such as Ma Yuan, Xu Wei, and Chen Hongshou, painted pictures of West Lake. Many famous philosophers, such as Zhu Xi, Wang Yangming, and Zhang Taiyan, visited West Lake and wrote about their experiences.Today, West Lake is a popular tourist destination for both domestic and international visitors. It offers a wide range of activities, such as boating, cycling, hiking, and sightseeing. It also has many restaurants, shops, and hotels that cater to tourists. However, despite its popularity, West Lake has managed to maintain its natural beauty and cultural heritage, making it a truly unique and special place.西湖位于杭州市中心，是中国最著名的旅游景点之一。

West LakeWest Lake or Xī Hú (Chinese: 西湖; literally "West Lake") is a famous fresh water lake located in the historic area of Hangzhou, the capital of Zhejiang province in eastern China. The lake is divided by the causeways of Sū Dī (苏提/ 蘇堤), Bái Dī (白堤), and Yánggōng Dī (杨公堤/ 楊公堤). There are numerous temples, pagodas, gardens, and artificial islands within the lake.West Lake has influenced poets and painters throughout the ages for its natural beauty and historical relics, and it has been among the most important sources of inspiration for Chinese garden designers, as evidenced by the impact it had on various Chinese classical gardens.[1] It was made a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011, and was described as having "influenced garden design in the rest of China as well as Japan and Korea over the centuries"[2] and as reflecting "an idealized fusion between humans and nature."[2]There are dozens of lakes called West Lake worldwide, but "West Lake" usually refers to the Hangzhou West Lake, which is located in the western area of Hangzhou City. It is surrounded by mountains on three sides. The average depth of West Lake is 3 meters, and the capacity is about 14,290,000 cubic meters. The lake is divided by Gu Shan, Bai, Su and Yanggong Causeways into five areas. Ordered by their areas, they are Outer West Lake (外西湖), West Inner Lake (西里湖, or 后西湖, or 后湖), North Inner Lake (北里湖or 里西湖), Little South Lake (小南湖or 南湖) and Yue Lake (岳湖). "Outer West Lake" is the largest. "Gu Shan" or Gu Hill is the largest natural island in the lake. Su & Bai Causeways run across the lake. Three small man-made islands, "Xiao Ying Zhou" (小瀛洲), "Hu Xin Ting" (湖心亭), and "Ruan Gong Dun" (阮公墩) lie in the center of Outer West Lake. Thus, the basic layout is "one hill, two causeways, three islands, and five lakes".West Lake is not only famous for its picturesque landscape, it is also associated with many scholars, national heroes and revolutionary martyrs, thus embracing many aspects of Chinese culture. In addition, many ancient buildings, stone caves andengraved tablets in surrounding areas are among the most cherished national treasures of China, with significant artistic value.[edit] HistoryThe earliest name for West Lake was "Wulin Water" (武林水). In the Book of Han, the "Geography Column" section says, "Qiantang, affiliated to west governor general. Wulin mountain is the origin of Wulin water. Runs east into the sea, covering 830 Chinese miles." Its former names include "Qian Water", "Qiantang Lake", "Mingsheng Lake", "Jinniu Lake", "Shihan Lake", "Shang Lake", "Lianyan Lake", "Fangsheng Pond", "Xizi Lake", "Gaoshi Lake", "Xiling Lake", "Meiren Lake", "Xianzhe Lake", "Mingyue Lake", and etc. But only two names were widely accepted in history and recorded in historical documents. One is "Qiantang Lake", due to the fact that Hangzhou was called "Qiantang" in ancient times. The other name is "West Lake", due to the lake being west of the city. The name "West Lake" first appeared in two poems of Bai Juyi, "Bestowed on guests as returning from West Lake in the evening and looking back to Gushan Temple" (西湖晚歸回望孤山寺贈諸客) and "On the returning boat to Hangzhou" (杭州回舫). Since North Song Dynasty, most poems and articles of scholars used the name "West Lake", while the name "Qiantang Lake" was gradually deprecated. "The request of dredging West Lake" written by Su Shi was the first time that "West Lake" appeared in an official document.[edit] Qin DynastyOver 2,000 years ago, West Lake was still a part of Qiantang River. Due to soil sedimentation, the feet of the surrounding mountains on north and south sides of the lake, Wu Mountain and Baoshi Mountain gradually stretched to form shoal heads. Later these sand spits slowly merged to into a sandbank, to which a lagoon emerged to the west: this was the old West Lake, of the Qin and Han dynastic eras. "West Lake Dream Searching" (西湖夢尋) written by Zhang Dai (張岱) recorded, "Big Stone Buddhist Temple. According to ancient history, Qin Shi Huang traveled east into the sea, and moored the boat to this stone." The Big Stone Buddhist Temple referred to was located at Baoshi Mountain, north of the West Lake. These days the "Qin Shi Huang mooring stone" can still be seen.[edit] Sui DynastyThe short lived Sui Dynasty was known for its great engineering works which it accomplished during its brief existence. After Daye 6th year (610), Sui Dynasty, the Jiangnan Canal was opened and connected to the North Canal. Thus, five major rivers of China, namely the Hai River, Y ellow River, Huai River, Y angtze River, and Qiantang Riverall were connected: this facilitated transportation to and from Hangzhou and thus boosting bith its and general economic development. Tourism in Hangzhou also started to boom.[edit] Tang DynastyIn the Tang Dynasty, West Lake had an area of roughly 10.8 square kilometers. The western and southern parts of the lake all extended to the foot of West Hill. The northeastern part stretched to Wulin Gate area. Pilgrims could take the boat to the hill-foot and walk up to the hill to worship. Because there was virtually no hydraulic project in those days, the lake flooded after heavy rains, and dried up during long droughts.Baochu PagodaView with the Leifeng Pagoda and Jingci Temple in the distanceIn September, Jianzhong 2nd year (781), Li Mi (李泌) was appointed governor of Hangzhou. In order to supply fresh water, he creatively induced the water into the city. He ordered six wells dug in populous areas like Qiantang Gate and Y ongjin Gate, and set up a "shadow conduit" (underground clay and bamboo pipes) to introduce lake water into the city. The six wells have long vanished today. The only existing relic from that time is the Xiangguo Well, located west of Jinting Bridge on Jiefang Rd. The other five wells were Xi Well (to west of Xiangguo Well), Fang Well (or Four-eyed Well), Jinniu Well (northwest of Xi Well), Baigui Well (west of Longxiang Bridge), and Xiaofang Well (or Six-eyed Well, inside Qiantang Gate, now Xiaoche Bridge area).In the middle of the Tang Dynasty Zhenyuan era (785-804), poet and government official Bai Juyi (白居易) was appointed governor of Hangzhou. Already an accomplished and famous poet, his deeds at Hangzhou made him a great governor. He realised that the farmland nearby depended on the water of Xī Hú, but due to the negligence of previous governors, the old dyke had collapsed, and the lake so dried out that the local farmers were suffering from severe drought. He ordered the construction of a stronger and taller dyke, with a dam to control the flow of water, and thus providing water for irrigation and so mitigating the drought problem. The livelihood of local people of Hangzhou improved over the following years. Bai Juyi used his leisure time to enjoy the beauty of Xī Hú, visiting the lake almost every day. He ordered the construction of a causeway connecting Broken Bridge with Solitary Hill to allow walking on foot, instead of requiring the services of a boat. He then planted coolabah trees and willows trees along the dyke, making it a beautiful landmark. Afterwards, this causeway was later named Bai Causeway (白堤) in Bai Juyi's honour.[edit] Five DynastiesThe most prominent eras in Hangzhou's development history, Wuyue Kingdom and Southern Song Dynasty, had great impacts on West Lake. The comprehensive development and fundamental layout of West Lake occurred in these two Dynasties.During Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, Wuyue Kingdom (907-960) made Hangzhou its capital. It facilitated the transportation to coastal regions, and promoted trading with foreign countries like Japan and Korea. In the meantime, successive emperors in Wuyue Kingdom paid great tribute to Buddhism, and built a number of temples, pagodas, shrines and grottos around the lake area. They expanded Lingyin Temple, founded Zhaoqing Temple, Jingci Temple, Li'an Temple, Liutong Temple and Taoguang Temple, and built Baochu Pagoda, Liuhe Pagoda, Leifeng Pagoda and White Pagoda. The area was thus acclaimed as "Buddhist Country". Lingyin Temple, Tianzhu Temple and the tide of Qiantang were the most famous scenic spots at that time. Due to the geological characteristics, earth deposited speedly in West Lake and dredging became a routine maintenance. Thus in Baozheng 2nd year (927), the emperor of Wuyue Kingdom, Qian Liu, installed a lake-dredging army of 1,000 to mow grasses and deepen springs, and preserved the water body of the lake.[edit] Song DynastyOver two hundred years later, in the beginning of Song Dynasty's Yuanyou era (1086–1094), another great poet, Su Shi (蘇軾, also known as Su Dongpo), came to Hangzhou as governor. At that time, the farmers suffered drought again, due to overgrowth of the weeds at the bottom of the lake clogging the irrigation ducts. He ordered dredging of the lake and piled up all the mud into another causeway, in thestyle of Bai Causeway, but much wider and nearly three times as long: he also planted willow trees along its banks. This causeway was later named after him as the "Su Causeway". There are six bridges along the 2.6 km Su Causeway (蘇堤). "Dawn on the Su Causeway in Spring 蘇堤春曉" is one of the attractions.When Southern Song Dynasty made Hangzhou its capital in 1127, Hangzhou became the national center of politics, economy and culture. The population grew rapidly, and the economy developed greatly. Hangzhou entered its heyday. Wu Zimu of Southern Song Dynasty described the extravagance in his "Mengliang Record" (夢粱錄), "The life in Lin'an is luxurious in all seasons, full of delight and appreciation with no idle days. In west there is a lovely lake with arresting scenes, and in east the river tides are spectacular. Both are miracles." Besides pilgrims, the tourists in Hangzhou included envoys of foreign countries, businessmen, monks and scholar candidates of the central examinations. The beauty of West Lake started to gain wide reputation. In those days, boating on the lake was a popular entertainment. According to records, there were hundreds of boats in the lake. All were delicately built, with exquisite carving and decorations, and glided gracefully on the water. Poet Lin Sheng vividly described the ostentation in his poem "On a hotel wall in Lin'an". In addition, poet Y ang Wanli (楊萬里) also acclaimed the engaging scenery of West Lake in poem "Coming out of Jingci Temple at dawn to see Lin Zifang off".[edit] Yuan Dynasty"Green mountains surround on all sidesthe still waters of the lake.Pavilions and towers in hues of goldand azure rise here and there.One would say a landscape composed by a painter.Only towards the east,where there are no hills,does the land open out,and there sparkle, like fishes' scales,In the Yuan Dynasty, West Lake was still socially thriving, with a population full of exuberance for singing and dancing. The Book of Yuan, column 23, says, in Zhida 2nd year (1309), "in Hangzhou, Jiang-Zhe area, during half a year there were more than 1,200 foreign visitors. Foreigners Sangwu and Baoheding brought lions, panthers, crows and falcons. They stayed for 27 days. People and animals ate meat of more than 1,300 jin." Increasing number of businessmen and travelers from countries of Turkestan and western Europe came to visit Hangzhou. The most famous among them was Italian explorer Marco Polo, who complimented Hangzhou in his travel notes as "the most splendid heavenly city in the world". In late Yuan Dynasty, there were "Qiantang Ten Scenic Spots", in addition to the "West Lake Ten Scenic Spots" of the South Song Dynasty; the existence of which expanded the scope of tourism. During Zhiyuan years of the reign of Yuan Shizu (Kublai Khan), the lake was dredged, and renamed "pond of freeing captive animals" (放生池). Some of the lake area was gradually enriched and became cultivated zones. In the late Yuan Dynasty, West Lake lacked governmental attention, and plutocrats and noblemen enclosed water zones, so that the lake deteriorated into a desolate state with most of its area silting up and turning into swampland.[edit] Ming DynastyThree Pools Mirroring the MoonIn the Ming Dynasty, Hangzhou began to restore its prosperity in Xuande and Zhengtong years (1426–1449). Then, the local government kept a close watch on West Lake. In Hongzhi 16th year (one source suggests Zhengde 3rd year) the then governor Y ang Mengying (楊孟瑛), with the support of special envoy Ju Liang (車粱), obtained approval to dredge the lake, despite much resistance from local magnates. This project was funded by the Engineering Department. "West Lake Tourism Guide" (西湖游覽志), column one of Ming Dynasty recorded, "The work commenced in February....It took 152 days, and 6,700,000 manpowers, and cost 23,607 liang of silver, and got rid of illegal fields 3,481 Chinese acres.... Thus, West Lake recovered to its image in Tang and Song Dynasties." The dredging project extended the water surface from west of Su Causeway to Hongchun Bridge and Mao Jia Bu. The excavated silt was used to broaden Su Causeway, and also used to build a long causeway in western Inside Lake, called "Y anggong Causeway" (楊公堤).In the 35th regnal year of the Wanli Emperor, 1607, the governor of Qiantang County, Nie Xintang (聶心湯), constructed a circular causeway from south to west outside the Fangsheng Pond of the island "Xiao Ying Zhou", which resulted in a unique view of "Island in Lake, Lake in Island". In the 39th year, Y ang Wanli subsequently built the outer bank, and the whole plot was realized by 48th year. Outside the pond were erect three small stony pagodas, called "Three Ponds".Both, in the Ming and the Qing Dynasties, West Lake was dredged several times. The silt dug up was heaped to form two islands in the lake, "Xuxin Ting" and "Xiao Ying Zhou".[edit] Qing DynastyQian King Temple, one of the major attractions of Xī Hú: Listening Orioles Singing in the WillowsThe Kangxi and Qianlong of Emperors of the Qing Dynasty toured South China and stopping by Hangzhou many times; which helped to expedite the revamping and rehabilitation of West Lake. Kangxi visited Hangzhou five times, and wrote the names of "Ten Scenic Spots of West Lake" selected in Southern Song Dynasty. The local governor then inscribed Kangxi's handwriting onto stelae and built pavilions over them. Thereafter those scenes such as "Two Peaks Piercing the Clouds" and "Moon over the Peaceful Lake in Autumn" acquired fixed locations for appreciation. During the reign of Y ongzheng, "Eighteen Scenic Sites of West Lake" had developed into a new nomenclature together with enriched tourism resources. Qianlong visited Hangzhou six times, composing poems as well as erecting stelae for the "Ten Scenic Spots". He also wrote names for "Eight Scenic Spots of Dragon Well", bringing renown to the mountainous scenery of remote the Dragon Well region (Longjing). In Qianlong's reign, two Hangzhou natives, brothers Qu Hao and Qu Han, co-authored a book called "A Glance at Lakes and Hills", recording as many as 1,016 tourist spots around West Lake. This is the earliest known travel guide in Hangzhou.During the reign of the Y ongzheng Emperor, West Lake still preserved a water area of 7.54 square kilometers, but more than 20 acres (81,000 m2) were shoals. Due to extensive dredging projects, the lake area spread beyond the west of now Xishan Road to the neighborhood of Hongchun Bridge, Maojia Bu, Turtle Pond, and Chishan Bu. In Y ongzheng's fifth year as Emperor, the governor of Zhejiang and Right ViceDirector of the Court of Censors, Li Wei (李衛), spent 42,742 liang in silver in dredging the lake. He built stone weirs in Jinsha Harbor, Chishan Bu, Jingjia Hill and Maojia Bu in order to store water and to flush out the lake silt. In Jiaqing 5th year(1800), governor of Zhejiang Y an Jian (顏檢) beseeched the Court to support a hydraulic project in West Lake. The project was supervised by the late governor of Zhejiang, Ruan Yuan (阮元), had the excavated silt piled into a mound, which was then named "Ruan Gong Dun" (阮公墩-- "Duke Ruan's Pier"). By then, the modern configuration of West Lake was determined. In the 3rd year of the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor, 1864, the West Lake Dredging Bureau was founded, and a Qiantang native, Ding Bin, was appointed as director.[edit] Republic of China to End of 20th CenturyFrom the end of Qing Dynasty to the period of Republic of China, constructions included the Shanghai-Hangzhou-Ningbo and the Zhejiang-Jiangxi railways as well as the Hangzhou-Shanghai, Hangzhou-Nanjing, and Hangzhou-Ningbo highways were built. This facilitation of transportation encouraged the development of Hangzhou's tourism. Besides traditional pilgrims, more and more travelers came from domestic cities like Shanghai, Nanjing as well as from Europe, America and Japan. "The special memorial edition of Hangzhou government 10th anniversary" says, from Minguo 19-25 year (1930–1936), the recorded tourists to Hangzhou were counted to 32,845.Cloud-Sustained Path in a Bamboo GroveHangzhou's tourism resources became more abundant in the Republic of China era, asscenic spots and cultural relics were steadily added around West Lake. The government converted the imperial garden of the imperial palace remaining from the Qing Dynasty into a park, on Solitary Hill. The official calendar of the Republic was the Minguo calendar, which numbered years from the founding of the Rebublic, and in minguo 16th year, the park was renamed "Zhongshan Park" or "Sun Y at-sen Park". On left side of the park, the Zhejiang Martyry memorial was built, honoring those deceased when the Zhejiang army captured Jinling. In addition, martyr tombs for Xu Xilin and Qiu Jin were constructed near Xiling Bridge. In minguo 6th year, the Dabei Pavilion in Lingyin Temple was erected, and the Yue Wang Temple and Yue Fei's tomb were renovated several times. From minguo 12-20, Huanglong Dong was built. From minguo 12-13, the deserted Qian King Temple was renovated and converted to a garden. In minguo 22, the leaning Baochu Pagoda was revamped.The construction of parks in Hangzhou started with Lakeside Park in Republic of China era. In 1912, the military government of Zhejiang demolished the city walls from Qiantang Gate to Y ongjin Gate as well as the fortress of banners, and built Hubing Rd along the lakeside. Hurdles were put up 20 meters from the lake and flowers and trees were planted. The area was called "Lakeside Park", covering around one Chinese mile and was divided into five parks, first to fifth. In spring of 1930, the city government paved a land of around 21 mu with mud dredged out of the lake from north of Changsheng Rd to Qiantang Gate, and founded Sixth Park. From 1928-1933, Zhejiang's provincial government erected "Chen Yingshi Statue", "North Expedition Martyr Memorial Tower" and "Martyrs of 88 Division in Songhu Campaign Memorial Stela" at the piers of Third Park, Second Park and Fifth Park, respectively.Due to continuous digging by stealth on its base, Leifeng Pagoda, after lasting nearly a thousand years, collapsed all of a sudden at 1:40pm, September 25, 1924. It was shocking news in media. Lu Xun purposely wrote "Comment on the Collapse of Leifeng Pagoda" and "Second Comment on the Collapse of Leifeng Pagoda", making a remark on this incident. The fall of Leifeng Pagoda also put an end to one of "Ten Scenes of West Lake", "Leifeng Pagoda in the Sunset" 【雷峰夕照】.From June 6-October 20, 1929, the government of Zhejiang hosted the first "WestLake Expo", and total participants numbered over 20 million. The location of West Lake Expo was set at areas around the lakeside, such as Broken Bridge, Solitary Hill, Yue-Wang Temple, North Hill, and etc. The primary purpose of the expo was to promote national products and encourage enterprises. Besides over 1,000 delegate groups from nationwide, involved included delegates from America, Japan, Britain, Indonesia and other countries. It was the largest and longest pageant in Hangzhou during the Republic of China era.Misty Trees by Nine StreamsAfter the establishment of the People's Republic of China, Hangzhou was among the first opening tourism cities in the nation. The city government preserved the mountain area around the lake and planted a large number of trees. Meanwhile, West Lake was extensively dredged. Within West Lake scenery zone, new botanical garden and flower garden was opened. Fish Viewing at the Flower Pond (花港觀魚) park, and Orioles Singing in the Willows (柳浪聞鶯) park were constructed. Fish Viewing at the Jade Springs and Y ongjin Park were rebuilt. Lingyin Temple, Jingci Temple, Yue-Wang Temple, Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon (三潭印月), Lake-heart Pavilion and other spots were renovated. In addition, West Huanhu Rd (Xishan Rd), Longjin Rd and Jiuxi Rd were newly built. In 1959, West Lake of Hangzhou received over 1,400 foreign tourists, over 2,300 tourists from Hong Kong and Macao and over 5 million domestic visitors. After Cultural Revolution, the number of tourists to West Lake increased rapidly. In 1978, it received 53,000 tourists from overseas and Hong Kong and Macao combined, in addition to about 6 million domestic travelers.In May 1983, the state council named Hangzhou "Famed Historical and Cultural City" and "National Key Scenic Tourism City". In September 1984, the executive office of state council instructed that Hangzhou evolve to the tourism center of Southeast China and a first-class international scenic tourism city. Thereafter Hangzhou government refurbished Lingyin Temple, Tianzhu Temple, Jingci Temple, Yue-Wang Temple, Dacheng Hall, stela pavilions of "Ten Scenes" and other relics. Resorts such as Galloping Tiger Spring were expanded. Curved Y ard and Lotus Pool in Summer (曲院風荷) park was founded. New spot "Exploring Plum Blossoms at Ling Peak" (靈峰探梅) was opened. Archaizing carnivals were held in Huanglong Dong and Ruangong Dun. There were also night gardens and music night markets for amusement.In 1949, West Lake silted up, with average depth of merely 0.55 meters and capacity only 4 million cubic meters. Marshy weeds blanketed the lake bed so that large boat could only make their ways through specific channels. In 1950, the government listed West Lake dredging as a national investment project. Hangzhou launched the West Lake Dredging Project in 1951 to excavating the silt thoroughly. By 1954, all the work had been mechanized. The project concluded in 1959. As a result, the achieved average depth was 1.808 meters with nadir of 2.6 meters. The capacity elevated to 10,271,900 cubic meters. The silt was used to fill 18 ponds or lacunae in surrounding areas including Zhaoqing Temple and Qingbo Park. However, because of the erosion and sediment on lake bed afterward, the depth of the water lessened to 1.47 meters. The government thus invested 2 million yuan in 1976 to dredge the lake again. By 1980, the depth increased to 1.5 meters. Besides dredging work, the city government substantially fortified the lake shore, resulting in a bank of total length of 29,800 meters. That was the largest bank enhancement project in the history of West Lake. Along with the project, more than 10 piers for mooring the boats were renovated or newly built in Lakeside Park, Zhongshan Park, Yue Fei's tomb and both sides of Su Causeway.The West Lake Diversion Project was inaugurated on 1 February 1985. The project built a pump at Zhakou section of Qiantang River, and drew 300,000 cubic meters ofwater daily, equivalent to one thirty-third of total capacity of the lake. As a consequence, the lake's water body transparency was increased by 5 to 7 cm. Other the other hand, The lake-wide sewage interception project was launched in 1978, and was finished in 1981. It was divided into three branches, southern, western and northern, buried sewage tunnels of over 17 kilometers, and was equipped with 10 pumping stations.The Back of One Yuan Bill of RMB, 5th V ersionIn 1984, five organizations including Hangzhou Daily newspaper sponsored voting for the "New Ten Scenes in West Lake". The elected new scenes are Cloud-Sustained Path in a Bamboo Grove (雲棲竹徑), Misty Trees by Nine Streams (九溪煙樹), Dreams at Galloping Tiger Spring (虎跑夢泉), Y ellow Dragon Cave Dressed in Green (黃龍吐翠), Sweet Osmanthus Rain at Manjuelong Village (滿隴桂雨), Clouds Scurrying over Jade Emperor Hill (玉皇飛雲), Inquiring about Tea at Dragon Well (龍井問茶), Precious Stone Hill Floating in Rosy Clouds (寶石流霞), Heavenly Wind over Wushan Hill (吳山天風), and Ruan's Mound Encircled by Greenness (阮墩環碧). While embracing both exquisite natural beauty and abundant cultural deposits, West Lake of Hangzhou was among the first "National Key Scenic Tourist Resorts" in 1982, and elected one of "Ten Chinese Scenic Sites" in 1985.After 71 years, the West Lake Expo was launched in Xi Hu in 2000. The new exhibition was held from October 20 to November 10, attracting 1,400,000 tourists domestic and overseas. The tourism industry raked in 1.12 billion RMB. The Expo greatly enhanced the reputation of West Lake domestically and internationally. Thereafter the West Lake Expo was made a conventional annual celebration. Images of the West Lake have appeared various times on Chinese currency. Thepicture of "Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon" was printed on the backs of both the foreign exchange certificate one yuan bill issued by the government in 1979 and the fifth version of RMB one yuan bill issued in 2004.[edit] West Lake Southern Side Renovation ProjectEntering the 21st century, West Lake witnessed several environmental renovation projects. First of them was "West Lake Southern Side Renovation Project". From February to October 2002, Hangzhou government incorporated four large parks on the southern side of the lake, and these four parks have been free to public 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. On October 25, 2002, on the old site of the Leifeng Pagoda which collapsed 78 years ago, a new pagoda with height of 71.7 meters was erected.[5] [edit] GeographyAbout the formation of West Lake, there are few records in ancient documents. "West Lake Sight-Seeing Record" (西湖游覽志) of Ming Dynasty, column one, says, "West Lake is surrounded by mountains on three sides. Streams wander down the hills into the pond. There're hundreds of springs underneath. Accumulated water forms the lake." (西湖三面環山，溪谷縷注，下有淵泉百道，潴而為湖。

杭州景点英文介绍杭州是一个历史悠久、文化底蕴深厚的城市，也是中国著名的旅游城市之一。

以下是杭州一些著名景点的英文介绍：西湖 - West LakeWest Lake is one of the most famous scenic spots in Hangzhou, China. It is a MUST-GO destination for tourists from all over the world. The scenery of West Lake is often described as "half a sky of Hangzhou and a dream of the south". The lake is famous for its beautiful scenery, including mountains, water, islands, bridges, temples, etc. The best time to visit West Lake is from March to May and September to November, when the weather is fine and the scenery is most beautiful.雷峰塔 - Leifeng PagodaLeifeng Pagoda is a national key cultural relics in Hangzhou. It is located on the south bank of the West Lake, facing the Sutra Cliff. It was first built in the Tang Dynasty and rebuilt in the Song Dynasty. It is one of the symbols of Hangzhou. The pagoda has a long history and rich cultural heritage, and has many legends and stories about the Monkey King. The best time to visit Leifeng Pagoda is from March to May and September to November, when the weather is fine and the scenery is most beautiful.灵隐寺 - Lingyin TempleLingyin Temple is located in the northwest of Hangzhou, facing the beautiful scenery of the West Lake and adjacent to the Leifeng Pagoda. It is one of the oldest and most famous temples in China, with a history of more than 1700 years. It has a high artistic value and many national key cultural relics. Lingyin Temple has beautiful scenery and solemn atmosphere, which attracts many tourists to visit all year round.宋城 - SongchengSongcheng is a large-scale theme park in Hangzhou, which mainly shows the life and culture of the Song Dynasty. Here you can experience the unique culture and art of the Song Dynasty, see various performances and activities, as well as participate in various amusement activities. Songcheng has become one of the tourist attractions that must be visited in Hangzhou.黄鹤楼 - Huanghe TowerHuanghe Tower is a national key cultural relics in Hangzhou, which was built in the Northern Song Dynasty and has a history of more than 1000 years. It is one of the symbols of Hangzhou, facing the beautiful scenery of the West Lake and adjacent to the Leifeng Pagoda. Huanghe Tower has high artistic value and historical value, aswell as beautiful scenery and solemn atmosphere, attracting many tourists to visit all year round.。

杭州西湖的英语作文West Lake in Hangzhou is one of the most famous scenic spots in China, attracting millions of visitors from all over the world every year. It is a beautiful and tranquil lake surrounded by lush green hills and dotted with numerous temples, pagodas, and gardens. In this essay, I will explore the beauty and significance of West Lake and why it is worth visiting.Firstly, West Lake is a place of great natural beauty. It is surrounded by hills on three sides, which are covered in lush green forests and dotted with temples and pagodas. The lake itself is crystal clear and reflects the surrounding scenery, creating a breathtaking view. The lake is also home to many species of fish and birds, which add to the natural beauty of the area.Secondly, West Lake is a place of great cultural significance. It has a long history dating back over 2,000 years and has been the subject of many poems, paintings,and other works of art. The lake is also home to many historic sites, including the Lingyin Temple, which is one of the largest and most famous Buddhist temples in China. The temple is home to many ancient statues and relics, and is a popular destination for pilgrims and tourists alike.Thirdly, West Lake is a place of great recreational value. There are many activities to enjoy in the area, including boating, hiking, cycling, and fishing. Visitors can rent boats to explore the lake, or take a stroll along the many scenic paths that wind their way through the hills and gardens. There are also many restaurants and cafes in the area, serving delicious local cuisine and offering a chance to relax and enjoy the view.In conclusion, West Lake in Hangzhou is a beautiful and significant place that is well worth visiting. Whether you are interested in natural beauty, cultural history, or recreational activities, there is something for everyone to enjoy in this stunning location. So if you ever have the opportunity to visit Hangzhou, be sure to make a stop at West Lake and experience its beauty and charm for yourself.。

英语作文介绍西湖The West Lake is a beautiful and serene place in Hangzhou, China. It is surrounded by lush green hills and dotted with pagodas and temples. The lake is famous for its picturesque scenery and has been a source of inspirationfor poets and artists for centuries.Visitors to the West Lake can take a leisurely boatride on the calm waters, or explore the many walking paths that wind around the lake. There are also several islandsin the lake that are worth visiting, such as the Three Pools Mirroring the Moon and the Lesser Yingzhou Island.One of the most iconic sights at the West Lake is the Leifeng Pagoda, which offers stunning views of the lake and the surrounding area. Another popular spot is the Su Causeway, a long, tree-lined pathway that offers a peaceful escape from the hustle and bustle of the city.In addition to its natural beauty, the West Lake isalso home to several cultural sites, such as the Yue Fei Temple and the China National Silk Museum. Visitors can learn about the history and culture of Hangzhou while taking in the scenic views of the lake.Overall, the West Lake is a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Hangzhou. Its tranquil beauty and rich history make it a truly special place to explore and enjoy.。

介绍杭州西湖英语作文Title: Exploring the Enchanting Beauty of West Lake, Hangzhou。

Nestled in the heart of Hangzhou, West Lake stands as a symbol of natural serenity and cultural richness. This picturesque destination has captivated visitors for centuries with its lush landscapes, tranquil waters, and timeless legends. Let us embark on a journey to uncover the mesmerizing allure of West Lake.To begin with, the scenic beauty of West Lake is unparalleled. Surrounded by verdant hills and adorned with elegant pavilions, the lake exudes a sense of harmony and tranquility. Whether strolling along the Su Causeway adorned with willow trees or admiring the reflections of Leifeng Pagoda shimmering on the water's surface, every corner of West Lake offers a feast for the senses.Moreover, West Lake is steeped in history and culture.It has been a source of inspiration for poets, scholars, and artists throughout the ages. The famous poet Su Dongpo once praised its beauty in his verses, while the renowned painter Huang Gongwang immortalized its landscapes in his masterpieces. Exploring the historic sites around the lake, such as the Lingyin Temple and the Six Harmonies Pagoda, provides insights into Hangzhou's rich cultural heritage.Furthermore, West Lake is not just a feast for the eyes but also a culinary delight. The surrounding areas boast a plethora of local delicacies that tantalize the taste buds. From savory snacks like "Beggar's Chicken" to delicate Longjing tea, visitors can indulge in a gastronomic adventure while savoring the flavors of Hangzhou.Beyond its natural and cultural attractions, West Lake offers ample opportunities for leisure and recreation. Renting a traditional paddleboat or taking a leisurely cruise allows visitors to immerse themselves in the serene ambiance of the lake. Additionally, the surrounding parks and gardens provide tranquil retreats where one can unwind amidst nature's embrace.In conclusion, West Lake epitomizes the essence of Hangzhou's beauty and charm. Its scenic landscapes, rich history, delectable cuisine, and recreational activities make it a must-visit destination for travelers from around the world. Whether seeking inspiration, relaxation, or simply a moment of tranquility, West Lake offers an unforgettable experience that lingers in the hearts and minds of all who visit.。

西湖英语范文The West Lake: A Tranquil Oasis in the Heart of HangzhouThe West Lake, a renowned body of water nestled in the heart of Hangzhou, China, has long been celebrated for its captivating beauty and rich cultural heritage. This picturesque landscape, with its serene waters, verdant hills, and historic landmarks, has inspired poets, artists, and travelers alike, earning it a reputation as one of the most enchanting destinations in the world.Spanning an area of over 6 square kilometers, the West Lake is a testament to the harmonious coexistence of nature and human ingenuity. Its waters, fed by the Qiantang River, reflect the changing seasons, offering visitors a constantly evolving canvas of scenic splendor. In the spring, the lake is adorned with delicate cherry blossoms, their pink petals cascading onto the surface, creating a dreamlike atmosphere. During the summer, the lake's tranquil waters become a mirror, reflecting the lush, verdant hills that surround it, providing a serene respite from the bustling city.As the autumn leaves begin to turn, the West Lake transforms into a vibrant tapestry of color, with the reds, oranges, and golds of thefoliage casting a warm glow over the entire landscape. In the winter, the lake takes on a more contemplative mood, its waters often shrouded in a gentle mist, inviting visitors to slow down and savor the beauty of the moment.Interwoven throughout the West Lake's natural splendor are numerous historic and cultural landmarks, each with its own captivating story to tell. The Leifeng Pagoda, a towering Buddhist structure that has stood as a sentinel over the lake for centuries, is one of the most iconic symbols of Hangzhou. Legend has it that the pagoda was built to house the remains of a white snake spirit, a tale that has inspired countless works of art and literature.Another renowned landmark is the Su Causeway, a picturesque walkway that stretches across the lake, connecting the northern and southern shores. Named after the renowned Song Dynasty poet and statesman Su Dongpo, the causeway is a beloved destination for both locals and visitors, who come to stroll along its tree-lined path and admire the stunning vistas that unfold before them.The West Lake is also home to a rich cultural heritage, with numerous temples, gardens, and pavilions that reflect the region's long and storied past. The Lingyin Temple, a sprawling Buddhist complex nestled in the hills above the lake, is a prime example of this cultural wealth, with its intricate architecture, serene gardens, andimpressive collection of ancient statues and scriptures.Beyond its physical beauty and cultural significance, the West Lake has also played a vital role in the economic and social development of Hangzhou. As a hub of trade and commerce, the lake has long been a center of activity, with bustling markets, thriving businesses, and a vibrant community of artisans and craftspeople.Today, the West Lake continues to captivate and inspire visitors from around the world, who come to immerse themselves in its timeless beauty and rich cultural tapestry. Whether strolling along the Su Causeway, exploring the serene gardens of the Lingyin Temple, or simply gazing out over the tranquil waters, the West Lake offers a profound and enduring connection to the natural world and the enduring spirit of Hangzhou.。

英语作文介绍西湖Nestled in the heart of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, West Lake is a renowned natural beauty that has captivated the hearts of visitors for centuries. Its serene waters, lush greenery, and historical significance make it a must-see destination for those who appreciate the harmony of nature and culture.The lake is surrounded by a picturesque landscape that includes the verdant Wuzhong Island and the iconic Leifeng Pagoda, which stands as a testament to the area's rich history. The Su Causeway, a tree-lined promenade, offers a tranquil walkway for strolling and taking in the breathtaking views.One of the most enchanting times to visit West Lake is during the spring, when the cherry blossoms are in full bloom, creating a sea of delicate pink that contrasts beautifully with the lake's tranquil waters. The autumn months also offer a unique charm, with the changing foliage adding a vibrant tapestry of colors to the scenery.Culturally, West Lake is steeped in legend and poetry. It is said to have inspired countless poets and artists, including the famous Song Dynasty poet Bai Juyi. The lake's tranquility is often associated with the pursuit of scholarly reflection and artistic inspiration.In addition to its natural beauty, West Lake is home to several historical sites and gardens, such as the Lingyin Temple and the Huqingyutang Traditional Chinese Medicine Museum. These places provide a deeper insight into theregion's cultural heritage and the traditional practices that have shaped the area.For those seeking leisure activities, West Lake offers a variety of options, from boat rides that glide across the lake's surface to cycling around its perimeter. Local tea houses provide a perfect spot to relax and sample theregion's famous Longjing tea, known for its delicate flavor and aroma.In conclusion, West Lake is more than just a scenic spot; it is a cultural icon that embodies the essence of Hangzhou. Its blend of natural beauty, historical significance, andcultural depth makes it a destination that should not be missed. Whether you are a nature enthusiast, a history buff, or simply someone seeking a peaceful retreat, West Lake promises an experience that will leave you with lasting memories.。

英文作文西湖怎么写The West Lake is a beautiful scenic spot in Hangzhou, China. It's surrounded by green hills, old temples, and traditional Chinese architecture. The lake itself is large and peaceful, with boats gliding across the water and the occasional pagoda reflected in its surface.The West Lake is a popular spot for both tourists and locals. You can take a leisurely stroll around the lake, rent a boat to paddle on the water, or simply sit and enjoy the view. There are also many charming teahouses and restaurants nearby where you can relax and take in the scenery.The West Lake has a long history and is surrounded by many ancient legends and stories. It's a place where you can feel the traditional Chinese culture and immerse yourself in the beauty of nature. The lake changes with the seasons, from the cherry blossoms in spring to the lotus flowers in summer, creating a different atmosphere eachtime you visit.The West Lake is not just a scenic spot, but also a place for cultural activities. There are often traditional performances and events held near the lake, such as Chinese opera, music concerts, and calligraphy exhibitions. It's a great way to experience the local culture and arts.The West Lake is a place of inspiration for many poets, artists, and writers. Its natural beauty and tranquil atmosphere have been the subject of countless paintings, poems, and literature. It's a place where you can let your imagination run wild and find inspiration in its serenity.The West Lake is a must-visit destination if you ever find yourself in Hangzhou. It's a place where you can escape the hustle and bustle of the city, relax in nature, and immerse yourself in the rich culture and history of China.。