AccountingBasics英语会计基础教学

会计基础英文版第九版课程设计1. IntroductionThe Accounting Fundamentals course is designed for students who are interested in developing a strong foundation in accounting principles, concepts, and practices. This course is the ninth edition of the Accounting Fundamentals series and has been developed with a focus on helping students understand the basics of accounting through practical examples, discussions, and exercises. The course is designed to provide students with an understanding of the accounting cycle, financial statement preparation, and the use of accounting information in decision-making processes.2. Course objectivesThe objectives of the course are as follows:1.To provide students with an understanding of accountingprinciples, concepts, and practices.2.To help students expln the accounting cycle and preparefinancial statements.3.To enable students to use accounting information to makebusiness decisions.4.To develop students’ critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities through practical examples and exercises.5.To prepare students for further studies in accounting,finance, and business.3. Course outlineThe Accounting Fundamentals course will cover the following topics:1.Introduction to accounting–Definition of accounting–The accounting cycle–Types of accounting–Ethics in accounting2.Financial statements–Balance sheet–Income statement–Statement of cash flows3.Accounting principles–Accounting equation–Journal entries–T-accounts–Debits and credits4.Inventory accounting–Methods of inventory accounting–Cost of goods sold–Valuing inventory5.Receivables and payables–Accounts receivable–Accounts payable–Bad debts6.Depreciation–Strght-line method–Accelerated method–Depreciation schedules7.Budgeting–Budgeting process–Types of budgets–Budgeted balance sheet and income statement8.Decision making–Cost-volume-profit analysis–Marginal analysis–Break-even analysis4. Course resourcesThe following resources will be provided to support students’ learning:•Textbook: Horngren’s Accounting Fundamentals (9th editi on) by Tracie L. Miller-Nobles, Brenda L. Mattison, and Ella MaeMatsumura.•Lecture slides: PowerPoint presentations covering the course topics and learning objectives.•Online quizzes: Multiple-choice quizzes to assess students’ understanding of the course material.•Practice exercises: Hands-on exercises to develop students’ skills in applying accounting principles and concepts.•Discussion forums: Online discussion forums to facilitate discussion and collaboration among students.5. EvaluationThe following components will be used to evaluate students’ performance in the Accounting Fundamentals course:•Quizzes: 20%•Practice exercises: 30%•Midterm exam: 25%•Final exam: 25%6. ConclusionThe Accounting Fundamentals course is designed to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of accounting principles, concepts, and practices. Through practical examples, discussions, and exercises, students will develop critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities necessary for success in accounting, finance, and business. By the end of the course, students will be equipped with the knowledge and skills required to prepare financial statements, use accounting information to make business decisions, and pursue further studies in accounting and related areas.。

精心整理课程教案2014—2015学年第二学期课程名称：会计英语Part1Basicofaccounting1.WhatisaccountinganditsroleinBusinessAccountingbranches2.Financialstatements⏹Balancesheet⏹Incomestatement⏹Statementofcashflows⏹StatementofchangesinequityAssets⏹Assetsarevaluableresourcesownedbytheentity.4.Conceptsthatgovernallaccounting⏹(5)Theasset-measurementconcept资产计量Ifreliableinformationisavailable,anassetismeasuredasitsfairvalue. Thefairvalueofmostassetsisknownonthedatetheassetwasacquiredbecausethebuyerandtheselleragreedonthea mount.⏹Ingeneral,assetssuchasland,buildings,equipment,andinventorieshavethischaracteristic:⏹Theirfairvaluecan’tbereliablymeasuredexceptatthetimetheywereacquired.⏹Theyarereportedatcostoranumberbasedoncost.⏹Theassets-measurementconceptcombinesbothtypesofassets:⏹Ifreliableinformationisavailable,theamountofanassetismeasuredatits______;otherwisethemeasurementisb asedonits_______.Whymeasuringassetsatcost?⏹Estimatingfairvalueofeachassetmaybeexpensiveandunreliable.⏹Manyassetsarenotgoingtobesoldinthenearfuture.Theentityandthosewhouseitsbalancesheetthereforedon’tn eedtoknowthefairvalueoftheseassets.⏹Monetaryassets,forexample,cash,securitiesandbonds,arethosethathaveaclaimonaspecifiedamountofmone y.⏹Land,buildings,equipmentandinventoryarenonmometaryassets.⏹Ingeneral,monetaryassetsarereportedat________;⏹Nonmonetaryassetsarereportedat___________.⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹oxes.Assets⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Whichofthesewouldqualifyasassetsofacompanythatsellsdresses?A.Thecompany’srighttocollectamountsowedbycustomers.B.Regulardressesheldforsale.C.Dressesthatnoonewantsbecausetheyhavegoneoutofstyle.D.Acashregisterinworkingcondition.E.Acashregisterthatdoesn’tworkandcan’tberepaired.Assets⏹Cashandotherassetsthatareexpectedtobeconvertedintocashorusedupinthenearfuture,usuallywithinoneyear ,arecurrentassets.⏹Assetsthatareexpectedtobeusefulforlongerthanonefutureyeararecallednoncurrentassets.Liabilities⏹Liabilitiescanberegardedeitherasclaimsagainsttheassetsorasoneofsourcesfromwhichtheassetswereacquired.Liabilities⏹Currentliabilitiesareclaimsthatbecomeduewithina[short/long]time,usuallyin________.⏹Noncurrentliabilitiesduewithina[short/long]time,usuallyin________.CurrentRatio⏹Thecurrentassetsandcurrentliabilitiesindicatetheentity’sabilitytomeetitscurrentobligations—CurrentRatio .thecurrentratio=currentassets/currentliabilities※acurrentratioofatleast2to1isdesirable.Equity•Atruckownedbyanentityandusedtotransportitsowngoodsisinventories.[T/F/Notgiven] TangibleAssets&IntangibleAssetsTangibleAssets—havephysicalsubstance,canbetouched(Inventory,Plant,Equipment,Buildings,Trucks,Mac hines,etc.)IntangibleAssets—havenophysic alsubstance,can’tbetouched(PatentsandTrademarks,Goodwill,etc.) •Afireinsurancepolicythatprotectstheentityagainstlossescausedbyfiredamage[is/isn’t]anasset.•Andbecausethepolicycoversonlyashortperiodoftime,theassetisa[current/noncurrent]asset.•Theinsurancepolicyhavenophysicalsubstance,exceptasapieceofpaper,soitisa(an)_________asset. •PrepaidExpenseisthenameforintangibleassetsthatwillbeusedupinthenearfuture.Theyareintangiblecurrenta sset,suchasprepaidinsurancepolicy.NoncurrentAssets •Noncurrentassetsareexpectedtobeusedintheentityformorethan_________.(howlong) •Property,PlantandEquipmentare_________.BalanceSheetshowsthe[cost/fairvalue]ofnoncurrentassets. Exhibit1alsoshowsthataportionofthecostofthisassethasbeensubtractedfromtheoriginalcostbecauseithasbee••Netidentifiableassets_______•GradypaidBaker$1,400,000•Therefore,goodwillwas_______CurrentliabilitiesCurrentliabilitiesareobligationsdueinthenearfuture,usuallywithinoneyear.•AccountsPayable•BankLoanPayable•AccruedLiabilities•AccountsPayablearetheoppositeofAccounts______;thatistheyareamountsthat[thecompanyowestoitssuppli ers/areowedtothecompanybyitscustomers]. •SmithCompanysoldapersonalcomputertoBrownCompanyfor$3,000.BrownCompanyagreedtopayforitwith in60days.InBalanceSheet,SmithCompanywouldreportthe$3,000asAccounts______andBrownCompanywo uldreporttheamountasAccounts________. •BankLoanPayableisreportedseparatelyfromAccountsPayablebecausethedebtisevidencedbyapromissoryno te.※Amountsowedtoemployeesandothersforservicestheyhaveprovidedforwhichtheyhavenotbeenpaidarelist•Theamountsofassets,liabilitiesandequityofanentity[remainconstant/changefromdaytoday].Thereforethea mountsshownonitsbalancesheetalso[remainconstant/change]. •Eacheventthatisrecordedintheaccountingrecordsiscalledatransaction. •Cashismoneyonhandandmoneyinbankaccountsthatcanbewithdrawnatanytime.OnJanuary2,ifJohnSmithde posited$8,500 inthebankinsteadof$10,000andkept$1,500inthecashregister,itscashatthecloseofbusinessonJanuary2wouldbe________. •Amountsonabalancesheetarelistedaccordingtothecurrency.Generally,theitemwiththemostcurrentislistedfir st.•Long-termDebt•AccountsPayable(duein60days)•Whenanentityborrowsmoney,itmaysignawrittenpromisetorepay.Suchawrittenpromiseistermedanote.Fore xample,ifBusinessAborrowsmoneyfromBusinessB,signinganote,BusinessAwillrecorda[notereceivable/not epayable]onitsbalancesheet,whileBusinessBwillrecorda_______. •Asweknowthatprofitableoperationsresultinanincreaseinequity,specificallyintheitemR______________. •Example:•OnJanuary3,GlendaleMarketborrowed$5,000cashfromabank,givinganotetherefore.•OnJanuary4,GlendaleMarketpurchasedreceivedinventorycosting$2,000,payingcash.•OnJanuary5,GlendaleMarketsoldmerchandisefor$300,receivingcash.Themerchandisehadcost200.(Retain•••••••____.•withdrawmerchandisecosting$400.•OnJanuary14,SmithlearnedthatthepersonwhopurchasedthelandonJanuary11for$5,000,solditfor$8,000.Th elotstillownedbyGlendaleMarketwasidenticalinvaluewiththisotherplot.•OnJanuary15,GlendaleMarketpaidoff$2,000ofitsbankloan,givingcash.•OnJanuary16,GlendaleMarketwaschangedtoacorporation.JohnSmithreceived100sharesofcommonstockin exchangeforhis$10,100equityinthebusiness.Heimmediatelysold25ofthesesharesfor$4,000cash.3.IncomeMeasurement•Therearetworeasonsfortheincrease ofanentity’sequity.Oneisthereceiptofcapitalfromitsequityinvestors,thati s_______. •Theotheronesourceofanincreaseistheprofitableoperationoftheentity,thatis_______. Whataffectsandwhatdoesn'taffectRetainedEarnings?✓Borrowing$5,000fromabank✓Thepurchaseofinventorycosting$2,000✓Sellingmerchandisefor$300whichcost$200✓Thepurchaseofmerchandisefor$2,000✓Sellingmerchandisefor$800whichcost$500✓•d.•••••••__.••••TheIncomeStatementreportsflowsduringaperiodoftime,whereastheBalanceSheetreportsstatusasofapointof time.•ThustheIncomeStatementmaybecalleda[flow/status]report,andtheBalanceSheetmaybecalleda[flow/status] report. •Theincomestatementreportsrevenuesandexpensesfortheperiodandthedifferencebetweenthem. GlendaleMarketIncomeStatementfortheperiodJanuary2-8Revenue……………………………..$2,000Expense………………………………$1,300Income………………………………..$700Exercise:OnJanuary2,JohnBrownstartedtheBrownCompany,InJanuary,BrownCompanydidthefollowingthings: •Itreceived$5,000cashfromJohnBrownasitscapital.•Itborrowed$10,000fromabank,givinganotetherefore.•Itpurchased$4,000ofinventoryforcash.•Itsold$2,000ofitsinventoryfor$6,000toacustomer,whopaid$3,500cashandagreedtopay$2,500within30days .•Itpurchasedanautofor$7,000.Itpaid$2,000downandgaveanotetotheauto-mobiledealerfortheremaining$5,0LearningObjectives •Thenatureoftheaccountandhowentriesaremadetoaccounts. •Themeaningofdebitandcredit.•Useoftheledgerandthejournal.•Theclosingprocess.•Itemsreportedontheincomestatement.•Attheendofanaccountingperiod,theincreasesareaddedtothebeginningbalance,andthetotalofthedecreasesiss ubtractedfromit.Theresultisthenewbalance.Cash•••••••de.•••••Decreasesinequityare[debits/credits]. •Exhibit3•Recordthefollowingtransactionsintheaccounts.•A.Inventorycosting$600waspurchasedforcash. •B.Inventorycosting$400waspurchasedoncredit.Cash•C.GreenCompanypaid$300toacreditor.•D.GreenCompanyreceived$500 incashfromacreditcustomer. •Becausethetotalofthedebitentriesforanytransactionshouldalwaysequalthetotalofthecreditentries,itiseasyto checktheaccuracywithwhichbookkeepingisdone.IncomeStatementAccounts •IncomeStatementreportstherevenuesandtheexpensesofanaccountingperiodandthedifferencebetweenthem, whichis______.•Aswesee,foreachjournalentry,theaccounttobedebitedislistedfirstandtheaccounttobecreditedislistedbelow, andisindented.•Dr:__________……………•Cr:____________…………..•※Ifyouareuncertainastowhetheraparticularaccountistobedebitedorcredited,youusuallycanfindoutbyr eferringtotheotheraccountintheentry.•e.•••••••hereforetemporaryaccounts.Theyarestartedoveratthebeginningofeachperiod. •Theassetaccountshave[debit/credit/zero]balancesandtheliabilityandequityaccountshave[debit/credit/zero] balances.Thesesaccountsarecarriedforwardtothenextperiod. •Incomestatementaccountsare[temporary/permanent]accountsandbalancesheetaccountsare[temporary/per manent]accounts. •Managementneedsmoredetailedinformationthaniscontainedinthefinancialstatements. •Forexample,insteadofoneaccount,AccountsReceivable,itneedsanaccountforeachcustomersothattheamoun towedbyeachcustomerisknown.Thereforetheledgerusuallycontainsmanymoreaccountsthanthereareitemson thefinancialstatements.Anoteoncomputer •Advantagesoverthemanualsystem •WeaknessChapter4RevenuesandMonetaryAssetsReviewPart:⏹Themeaningofdebitandcredit.IncreasesinassetsareDr.DecreasesinassetsareCr.IncreasesinliabilitiesandequityareCr.DecreasesinliabilitiesandequityareDr.IncreasesinrevenuesareCr.IncreasesinexpensesareDr.⏹ThejournalandtheledgerAnytransactionrequiresatleasttwochangesintheaccounts.Thesechangesarerecordedfirstinthejournaland⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Recognize decreases inequityassoonastheyarereasonably possible.4.MaterialityConcept（重要性原则）⏹Thematerialityconcepthastwoparts:Disregardtrivial(unimportant)matters,Discloseallimportantmatters.Example:p72,4-25,4-265.Realizationconcept（实现性原则）⏹Itdescribeswhenrevenueisrecognized.Whentheproducts(goodsandservices)aredelivered,therevenue isrealized.Example:p73,4-31;P74,4-35,4-36InJanuary,LorenCompanysoldmotorcyclefor$3,800anddeliveredittoJeanMatthews.Matthewsagreedtopayf orthemotorcyclein30days.Inthiscaserevenuesisrecognizedinthemonthbeforetherelatedcashreceipt.✓Whenrevenueisrecognizedbeforetherelatedcashreceiptandtherevenueisaccompaniedbytherighttocollec tthecash.Theentityforthesaleofthemotorcycleoncreditis:Dr.AccountsReceivable 3,800Cr.SalesRevenue 3,800⏹Whenacustomerpaysanentityforacreditpurchase,theentityrecordsanincreaseinCashandacorresponding decreaseinAccountsReceivable.WhenLorenCompanyreceivesacheckfor$3,800fromMatthewsinFebruary,LorenCompanymakesthefollowi ngentry:Dr.Cash 3,800⏹stomers⏹⏹⏹⏹ncept.⏹Cr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts 10,000BadDebtExpense（坏帐费用）⏹Itisusedtorecordthedecreaseinequity.⏹TheentrytorecordLorenCompany’sestimatethatBadDebtExpenseshould beincreasedby$10,000andanAllo wanceforDoubtfulAccountsof$10,000shouldbeestimatedis:Dr.BadDebtExpense 10,000Cr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts10,000Itemsinthebalancesheet⏹AccountsReceivables,gross$125,000LessAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts-10,000AccountsReceivable,net 115,0006.Baddebtwrittenoff（注销）⏹In2006,LorenCompanyrecognizesthatitisnevergoingtocollectthe$3,000owedbyAustin.Itdoesthisbydecrea singAccountsReceivableandalsodecreasingAllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts.Writetheentryforthistransactio n.Dr.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts 3,000Cr.AccountsReceivable 3,0007.MonetaryAssets⏹Monetaryassetsarecashandpromisesbyanoutsidepartytopaytheentityaspecifiedamountofmoney.Whichoft hefollowingassetsaremonetaryassets?⏹Inventory⏹AccountsreceivableChapter5ExpenseMeasurement;TheIncomeStatementReviewPart:⏹Inordertomeasurethenetincomeofaperiod,wemustmeasurerevenuesandexpensesofthatperiod,andthisrequirestheuseofaccrualaccounting.Itismoreusefulandmorecomplicatedthancashaccounting. Conservatismconcept（稳健性原则）⏹Theconservatismhastwoparts:Recognize increases inequityonlywhentheyarereasonably certain.Recognize decreases inequityassoonastheyarereasonably possible.AllowanceforDoubtfulAccounts（备抵坏帐）MaterialityConcept（重要性原则）⏹Thematerialityconcepthastwoparts:⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Example:p91,5-22,5-23PrepaidExpensesThegeneralnameforintangibleassetsthatwillbecomeexpensesinafutureperiodisprepaidexpenses.Forexa mple,PrepaidInsuranceExample:⏹BryanCompanypurchasedatwo-yearinsuranceonDecember31,2005for$2,000.Recordthejournalentryforthi stransaction.⏹During2006BryanCompanyuseduphalfofthisinsuranceprotection,therebyincurring$1,000ofinsuranceexpe nse.Theeffectontheaccountantsin2006isadecreaseintheassetPrepaidInsuranceandanincreaseinInsuranceExp ense.Recordthejournalentryfor2006.DepreciationExpense（折旧费用）⏹IfBryanCompanyboughtamachinefor$5,000andexpectedittoprovideserviceforfiveyears,theamountofexpir edcostineachyearprobablywouldbe1/5of$5,000.Ineachofthefiveyears_______________wouldbereportedas $_______.4.Expensethatcreateliabilities⏹Wehavedescribedexpendituresthatfirstwereassetsandthenbecameexpensesasthecostsexpired.Wenowdescr ibeexpensesforwhichtherelatedexpendituresareliabilities.AccruedLiabilities（应计负债）⏹Inthelastweekof2005,EastmanCompanyhadasalaryexpenseof$10,000,whichwasnotpaidtoitsemployees.W ritethejournalentryforthistransaction.Dr.SalaryExpense10,000Cr.AccruedSalaries 10,000⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Losses⏹⏹⏹⏹Example:Exhibit8Percentages⏹Grossmarginpercentage（毛利润率）=Grossmargin/Salesrevenue⏹Netincomepercentage（净收入百分比）Chapter6InventoriesandCostofSalesReviewPart:⏹Thedual-aspectconcept⏹Themoney-measurementconcept⏹Theentityconcept⏹Thegoing-concernconcept⏹Theasset-measurementconcept⏹Theconservatismconcept⏹Thematerialityconcept⏹Therealizationconcept⏹Thematchingconcept⏹physicalinventory（物理盘存）Sinceitspurposeistofindthecostofthegoodsthatweresold,eachitemisreportedatitscost.4.Inventoryvaluation:assumptions✓ManycompaniesmakestheFirst-InFirst-Out(FIFO)assumption,forfinancialaccountingpurposesonly.Theyassumethatthegoodsthatcameintotheinventoryfirstarethefirsttomoveout.✓TheLIFOmethodassumestheopposite,namely,thatthenewestunits,whichweretheLastIn,werethefirstt obesold;thatis,thattheywereFirstOut;hencethenameLast-InFirst-Out.✓Average-costmethodcalculatesthecostofboththeendinginventoryandthecostofsalesattheaveragecost perunitofthegoodsavailable.Example:Exhibit9parisonofinventorymethodsFromExhibit9,weseethedifferentcostofsalesindifferentmethods.Theconclusion,thehighercostofsales,thelowerthetaxableincome.Thelowerthetaxableincome,thelowerwillbe paniesusuallyprefertopayaslowasincometaxastheylegallycan.Theref ore,theypreferthemethodthatresultsinhighercostofsales.Ifpricesarerising,(I.e.inflation)thisisusuallytheLIFO method.6.Inventoryvaluation:adjustmenttomarketTheconservatismconceptrequiresthatwereducetheinventoryaccounttotheloweramount.Ifthefairvalue(m arketvalue)ofanitemofinventoryattheendofanaccountingperiodislowerthanitsoriginalcost,t heitemis“written down”（减抵帐面价值）toitsfairvalue.⏹Iftheoriginalcostofanitemwas$100andthecurrentfairvalueis$80,theinventoryshouldbewrittendownby$20,t husthejournalentryis:⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹Theinventoryturnoverratioshowshowmanytimestheinventoryturnedoverduringayear,whichequalsto: CostofSales/InventoryTheinventoryturnoveroffivetimesisgenerallybetterthanfourtimes.However,ifinventoryistoosmall,order sfromcustomersmaynotbefilledpromptly,whichcanresultinlostsalesrevenue.TheturnoverratiocanbeincreasedeitherbysellingmoregoodswiththesamelevelofinventoryorbyhavinglesGoodsavailableforsaleendingiMethodsofarrivingatinventoryamounts–coHowoverheadratesarecalculatedsetotheentityforlongerthanoneyear.Onthebalancesheet,tangiblenoncurrentassetsareoftenlabeledfixedassets, orproperty,plant,andequipment.2.AccountingForAcquisitionsWhenanitemofplantisacquired,itisrecordedintheaccountsatitscost.Thisisbecauseitisanonmonetaryasset .Thecostofanassetincludesallcostincurredtomaketheassetreadyforitsintendeduse.Forexample,whenbuyi nga plotofland,thecostincludesbroker’sfee,legalfees,etc.Whenbuyingacomputer,thecostincludestransportati onandinstallationcharges.Ifanentityconstructsamachineorabuildingwithitsownpersonnel,allcostsincurredin constructionareincludedintheassetamount.P129,7-83.CapitalLease(资本租赁)Aleaseforalongtime–almostthewholelifeoftheasset–iscalledacapitallease.Astheentitycontrolstheitemforalmostitswholelife,acapitalleaseisrecordedasanasset.Theamountrecorde dforacapitalleaseistheamounttheentitywouldhavepaidifithadpurchasedtheitemratherthanleasedit.Forexample,ifanentityleasedamachinefor10years,agreeingtopay$10,000peryear,andifthepurchaseprice ofthemachinewas$70,000,thiscapitalleasewouldberecordedasanassetatanamountof______.Thejournalentry is:4.DepreciationAslandisanonmonetaryasset,inaccordancewiththeasset-measurementconcept,landthereforecontinuesto bereportedonthebalancesheetatitsacquisition.Forexample,WaikatoHospitalpurchasedaplotoflandin1990atacostof$100,000,itwouldhavebeenreportedat$100,000ontheDec31, 1990,balancesheet.IfWaikato5.Units-Of-ProductionDepreciation(产量折旧法)Intheunits-of-productionmethod,acostperunitofproductioniscalculated,anddepreciationexpensesforaye arisfoundbymultiplyingthisunitcostbythenumberofunitsthattheassetproducedinthatyear.Forexample,GradyCompanypurchasedatruckin2005for$44,000.Itestimatedthatthetruckwouldprovides ervicesfor100,000milesandwouldhavearesidualvalueof$4,000.Howmuchisthedepreciablecost,itsestimatedcostpermile?In2006,thetruckwasdriven15,000miles.Howm uchisitsdepreciationexpensein2006?6.Straight-lineDepreciation(直线折旧法)Thepercentageofcostchargedoffeachyeariscalledthedepreciationrate.Itisequals1/numberofyearsofservi celifeForexample,ifanassetistobedepreciatedoverfiveyears,thedepreciationrateis___.Ifthedepreciationcostis $9,000andthedepreciationrateis20%,theamountofdepreciationexpenseeachyearwillbe___.7.AcceleratedDepreciation(加速折旧法)Accelerateddepreciationisusedprincipallyincalculatingtaxableincome.8.AccountingforDepreciation⏹P136-1379.SaleofAPlantAsset⏹Gain(orloss)ondispositionofplant 处理工厂设施所处理的增溢或损失⏹Example:P141,7-5710.SignificanceOfDepreciation⏹Thepurposeofdepreciationistowriteoffafairshareofthecostoftheassetineachyearinwhichitprovidesservice.Chapter8LiabilitiesandEquityReviewPart:⏹Howplantassetsarerecordedintheaccounts⏹Themeaningandsignificanceofstraight-lineandaccelerateddepreciation⏹HowdepreciationisrecordedDr.DepreciationExpense 1,000Cr.AccumulatedDepreciation 1,0001.WorkingCapital（营运资本）Thepartofthecurrentassetsnotfinancedbythecurrentliabilitiesiscalledworkingcapital.Therefore,working capitalisthedifferencebetweencurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.Workingcapital=Currentassets–CurrentLiabilities⏹⏹⏹⏹✓✓The$3,000ofunpaidinterestthatwasanexpensein2005bythefollowingentry:Dr.InterestExpense 3,000Cr.InterestPayable 3,000In2006,whenthisinterestwaspaidtothebondholders,theentryasfollows:Dr.InterestPayable 3,000Cr.Cash 3,0006.TypesofEquityCapitalTherearetwosourcesofequitycapital:⏹Paid-inCapital:Amountspaidinbyequityinvestors,whoaretheentity’sowners.⏹RetainedEarnings:Amountsgeneratedbytheprofitableoperationsoftheentity.7.Proprietorship（个体所有）Someentitiesdonotreportthesetwosourcesseparately.Anunincorporatedbusinessownedbyasingleperson iscalledaproprietorship.Theequityiteminaproprietorshipisoftenreportedbygivingtheproprietor’sname,follo wedbytheword“capital”.Forexample,MaryGreenistheproprietorofGreen’sMarket.Green’sMarkethastotalequityof$10,000.MaryGreen,Capital……………............$10,0008.Partnership（合伙人）Apartnershipisanunincorporatedbusinessownedbytwoormorepersonsjointly.Ifthereareonlyafewpartner s,theequityofeachwouldbeshownseparately.Forexample,JohnBlackandHenryBrownareequalpartnersinalaundrybusiness.OnDecember31,2005,the equityinthebusinesstotaled$100,000.Theequitymightbereportedonthatdateasfollows:.12.RetainedEarningsandDividend⏹TheRetainedEarningsaccountincreasesbytheamountofnetincomeeachperiodanddecreasebytheamountofdi vidends.IfRetainedEarningsare$100,000atthestartofaperiodofaperiodduringwhichadividendof$20,000isdeclare dandduringwhichnetincomeis$30,000,RetainedEarningswillbe_____attheendoftheperiod.⏹Netincomereferstotheincreaseinequityinoneyear,whereasretainedearningsreferstothenetincrease,afterdedu ctionofdividends,overthelifeofthecorporationtodate.13.Distributiontoshareholders⏹Mostcorporationsmakeanannualcashpaymenttotheircommonshareholders.Thisiscalledadividend.Cashdivi denddecreasesshareholderequity.IfCrowleyCompanydeclaredandpaidadividendof$5pershare,andifithad$100,000sharesofcommonstock outstanding,thedividendwouldbe____.ThejournalentrytorecordtheeffectofthisdistributiononCashandRetai nedEarningswouldbe:Dr.RetainedEarnings 500,000Cr.Cash 500,00014.StockSplit（分股）Acompanymaysenditsshareholdersadditionalsharesequaltothenumberofsharestheyown,orevendoubleo rtriplethisnumberofshares.Theymightdothisbecauseitbelievesahighmarketpricepersharehasanundesirablein fluenceintradingthestock.Thisiscalledstocksplit.Theymake“two-for-one”stocksplit.Astocksplithasthesameeffectasastockdividend.Cashisunchanged.RetainedEarningsisunchanged.Them arketpricepersharedecreases.ed.⏹⏹⏹⏹易）nated.P164,8-70,8-71,8-74⏹MinorityInterest（少数股东权益）--Ifashareholderowntheother40%ofacompany,theyareminorityshareholders.Theyhaveaninterestintheconso lidatedentity,andthisinterestisreportedintheliabilitiesandequitysideoftheconsolidatedbalancesheet.⏹Theconsolidatedfinancialstatementsreportontheentitycalled”PalmCompanyandSubsidiaries.”Thisfamilyofcorporatio nsisanecon omicentity, butitisnotal egalentity.t:⏹–⏹ities⏹Proprietorship,Partnership⏹CommonStock&PreferredStock⏹ConsolidatedFinancialStatement⏹Debt/EquityRatio1.Threefinancialstatements⏹BalanceSheet⏹IncomeStatement–focusonprofitability（收益性）--basedonaccrualaccounting⏹CashFlows–focusonliquidity（流动性）&solvency（偿付能力）--basedoncashaccounting StatementofCashFlows⏹CashFlowfromOperatingActivities （经营活动的现金流量表）⏹CashFlowfromInvestingActivities （投资活动的现金流量表）⏹CashFlowfromFinancingActivities （筹资活动的现金流量表）2.Methodstopreparethestatementofcashflows⏹Directmethod⏹Indirectmethod–ismorewidelyusedbecauseitshowstherelationshipbetweentheincomestatementandthebala ncesheetandthereforeaidsintheanalysisofthesestatements.Theindirectmethodusesbalancesheetaccountchangestodeterminewhethersuchchangeshadapositiveorne gativeimpactoncashflow.Sincethebalancesheetmustalwaysstayinbalance,itiseasytodeterminetheimpactonc ashbyanalyzingchangesineachoftheotheraccounts.3.CashflowfromoperatingactivitiesItisthedifferencebetweenoperatingcashinflowsandoperatingcashoutflows.Tofindtheamountofcashflow fromoperatingactivities,wemustmaketwotypesofadjustmentstonetincome:1)2)⏹⏹⏹⏹5.Cashflowfromfinancingactivities⏹Companiesmayobtaincashbyissuingdebtsecurities,suchasbonds.Issuingdebtsecuritiesisafinancingactivity.⏹Theborrowingsreportedinthefinancingsectionarebothshorttermandlong-termborrowings.Whereasshort-ter mborrowingsoftenappearascurrentliabilities,changesinthemarereportedinthesectiononcashflowfromfinanci ngactivities.⏹Aninvestingactivityisnotalwaysacashoutflow,andafinancingactivitiesisnotalwaysacashinflow.esofthestatementofcashflowsTherearethreesectionsinthestatementsofcashflows:cashflowfromoperatingactivities,cashflowfrominvestingactivities,andcashflowfromfinancingactivities.Thecashflowfromoperatingactivitiesisfoundbyadju stingnetincomefordepreciationexpenseandchangesinnoncashcurrentassetsandcurrentliabilities.⏹Depreciationexpenseisnotacashflow.Becauseitdecreasesnetincome,itisaddedbacktonetincomeinordertoarriveatthecashflowfromoperatingactivities.⏹Investingactivitiesincludetheacquisitionofnewfixedassetsandtheproceedsofsellingfixedassets.⏹Financingactivitiesincludeobtainingfundsfromlong-termborrowings,repaymentoftheseborrowingsandobtainingfundsfromissuanceofadditionalstock.⏹Adecreaseincurrentassetsmeansanincreaseincash.Oppositely,adecreaseincurrentliabilitiesmeansadecreaseincash.1.LimitationsoffinancialstatementanalysisP185,186 10-1,10-2,10-3,10-4,10-52.Auditing⏹GAAP:Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples3.Overallfinancialmeasuresofperformance⏹ROE=Netincome/Equity4.Factorsaffectingreturnonequity⏹Grossmarginpercentage（毛利润率）=Grossmargin/SalesRevenue⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹⏹。

课程教案2014—2015学年第二学期课程名称：会计英语课程性质：必修课授课班级：涉外会计授课教师：杨舒教师所属系（部）：商贸系总学时：40周学时：2Part 1 Basic of accounting1. What is accounting and its role in BusinessAccounting branches2. Financial statements⏹Balance sheet⏹Income statement⏹Statement of cash flows⏹Statement of changes in equityAssets⏹Assets are valuable resources owned by the entity.⏹Liabilities and equity show the sources of assets.Liabilities⏹Liabilities are the entity’s obligations to outside parties who have furnished resources.⏹Creditors—who have a claim against the assets in the amount shown as the liabilities.Equity⏹Paid-in capital: provided by equity investors⏹Retained earnings: generated from profits⏹Equity investors have only a residual claim.3. Concepts that govern all accounting (会计核算的基本概念)(1) The dual-aspect concept复式记帐概念The fundamental accounting equation:Assets = Liabilities + Equity复式记帐特点✓在两个或两个以上相互联系的账户中记录一项经济业务，以反映资金运动的来龙去脉。

基础会计英文版教学设计1. IntroductionThe teaching of accounting is vital in today’s fast-paced business environment. Students need to understand the basic concepts and principles of accounting and develop critical thinking skills to apply the theories to various real-life scenarios. This document outlines a teaching plan for basic accounting in an English language environment.2. ObjectivesThe objectives of this course are to:1.Introduce students to the basic principles ofaccounting2.Develop students’ analytical s kills to interpretfinancial statements3.Develop students’ communication skills inexpressing accounting concepts in English4.Apply the concepts and theories covered in thecourse to practical business scenarios5.Enhance students’ understanding of the account ingprofession and its ethical considerations3. Course Outline3.1 Course OverviewThis course ms to provide students with a solid understanding of fundamental accounting concepts and techniques. The course will cover the following topics: •The accounting equation•Recording financial transactions•The trial balance•Adjusting entries•Financial statements•The statement of cash flows•Inventory valuation•Depreciation and amortization•Liabilities and equity•Revenues and expenses•Financial statement analysis•Accounting ethics and professionalism3.2 Course ScheduleWeek Topic RequiredReading SupplementaryMaterialsAssignments1 Introduction to Chapter 1 Business News QuizReading Materials Accounting Articles2 The AccountingEquation Chapter 2 Real-lifefinancialstatementsHomework3 RecordingFinancialTransactionsChapter 3 Case studies Quiz4 The Trial Balance Chapter 4 VideotutorialsHomework5 Adjusting Entries Chapter 5 Business NewsArticlesQuiz6 FinancialStatements Chapter 6 Real-lifefinancialstatementsHomework7 The Statement ofCash FlowsChapter 7 Case studies Quiz8 InventoryValuation Chapter 8 VideotutorialsHomework9 Depreciation andAmortization Chapter 9 Business NewsArticlesQuizReading Materials10 Liabilities andEquity Chapter10Real-lifefinancialstatementsHomework11 Revenues andExpenses Chapter11Case studies Quiz12 FinancialStatementAnalysis Chapter12VideotutorialsHomework13 Accounting EthicsandProfessionalism Chapter13Business NewsArticlesQuiz14 Review andEvaluation ReviewallchaptersReviewquestions andexercisesFinal exam4. Teaching Strategies4.1 LecturesLectures will be used to introduce new concepts and theories. These will be conducted in English to enhance students’ language skills and familiarity with accounting terminology.4.2 Case StudiesCase studies will be used to analyse and interpret real-life business scenarios. These cases will be designed to stimulate critical thinking and problem-solving skills.4.3 HomeworkHomework assignments will be used to reinforce the concepts and theories covered in class. These assignmentswill be graded and contribute to the final course grade.4.4 QuizzesQuizzes will be given after each topic to ensure students have a strong understanding of the concepts covered. These quizzes will be graded and contribute to the final course grade.4.5 Final ExamThe final exam will cover all topics covered in the course and will test students’ understanding and application of accounting concepts in English.5. AssessmentThe assessment will include a range of methods to evaluate students’ understanding of the course material, includinghomework assignments, quizzes, and a final exam. The breakdown of grades is as follows:Assessments WeightingHomework Assignments 30%Quizzes 30%Final Exam 40%6. ConclusionThis teaching plan ms to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of fundamental accounting concepts and techniques. The course will be conducted in English to enhance students’ language skills and familiarity with accounting terminology. A range of teaching strategies will be employed to stimulate critical thinking and problem-solving skills. The assessment will be based on a combination of homework assignments, quizzes, and a final exam.。

基础会计教学大纲英文IntroductionIn today's globalized world, the ability to communicate in English is becoming increasingly important. This holds true not only for general conversation but also for specialized fields such as accounting. As a result, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive and effective curriculum for teaching basic accounting concepts in English. In this article, we will explore the key components of a well-designed syllabus for teaching accounting in English.1. Overview of AccountingThe curriculum should begin with an introduction to the fundamental principles of accounting. Students should be familiarized with the basic concepts, such as assets, liabilities, and equity. Additionally, they should understand the purpose of financial statements and the importance of accurate record-keeping.2. Financial StatementsThe next section of the syllabus should focus on the different types of financial statements. Students should learn how to prepare and interpret a balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. Emphasis should be placed on vocabulary related to financial reporting, such as revenue, expenses, and net income.3. Recording TransactionsOne of the essential skills in accounting is the ability to record transactions accurately. This section should cover the principles of double-entry bookkeeping,including debits and credits. Students should practice journalizing transactions and posting them to the general ledger. Moreover, they should understand how these entries affect the financial statements.4. Inventory ManagementInventory management is a critical aspect of accounting, particularly for businesses involved in the sale of goods. Students should learn about different inventory valuation methods, such as FIFO (First-In, First-Out) and LIFO (Last-In, First-Out). They should also understand how to calculate the cost of goods sold and the impact of inventory valuation on financial statements.5. Financial AnalysisThe ability to analyze financial statements is crucial for decision-making and evaluating the financial health of a company. Students should be introduced to financial ratios, such as liquidity ratios, profitability ratios, and solvency ratios. They should learn how to interpret these ratios and use them to assess the performance and stability of a business.6. Budgeting and ForecastingBudgeting plays a vital role in planning and controlling business operations. Students should learn how to develop a budget, including revenue forecasts, expense projections, and cash flow estimates. They should also understand the importance of budget variances and how to analyze them.7. Auditing and Internal ControlsTo ensure the accuracy and reliability of financial information, students shouldbe introduced to the concepts of auditing and internal controls. They should understand the role of auditors and the importance of internal control systems in preventing fraud and errors. Additionally, they should learn about different types of audit reports and their significance.8. Ethical ConsiderationsLastly, the curriculum should address the ethical responsibilities of accountants. Students should be aware of the ethical guidelines and professional standards that govern the accounting profession. They should learn about potential ethical dilemmas and how to handle them with integrity.ConclusionDesigning a comprehensive syllabus for teaching basic accounting concepts in English is essential for preparing students for the globalized business world. By covering the key components mentioned above, students will develop a solid foundation in accounting principles, financial statement analysis, and ethical considerations. This will enable them to communicate effectively in English and make informed decisions based on financial information.。