大学英语阅读进阶问题详解(全)第四版

2013哈尔滨工业大学大二英语拓展补充教材（讲义）大学英语阅读进阶（第四版）PartⅠ Ten Steps To Improving College Reading Skills1 Vocabulary in ContextI prefer the occasional disturbance of ear-splitting thunder 震耳欲聋的to the incessant dripping of our kitchen sink.P20 Line 10: Working vocabulary:working /ˈwɜː.kɪŋ/ /ˈwɝː-/ adjective [ before noun ] USEFULdescribes a plan, idea or knowledge that is not complete but is good enough to be useful 基本够用的；尚可应付工作的We have a working theory/hypothesis about what caused the crash, which we shall test.She's fluent in French and English and has a working knowledge of Spanish.Line 12: shade /ʃeɪd/ noun细微的差别P21 （The numbers indicate the number of the sentences of the exercises）1. nocturnal nɒkˈtɜː.nəl/ /nɑːkˈtɝː-/ adjective FORMAL 夜间活动的happening in or active during the night, or relating to the nightnocturnal wanderings/nocturnal light/Most bats are nocturnal2. feathery /ˈfeð. ə r.i/ /-ɚ.i/ adjective 轻而软的；长有语羽毛的soft or delicate, or made of many very small and delicate piecesfeathery clouds/foliage/leaves2. adverse:/ˈæd.vɜːs/ , /-ˈ-/ /ædˈvɝːs/ adjective [ before noun ]having a negative or harmful effect on somethingThe match has been cancelled due to adverse weather conditions .3.nausea: /ˈnɔː.zi.ə/ , /-ʒə/ /ˈnɑː-/ noun [ U ] 恶心；作呕when you feel as if you are going to vomitSigns of the illness include fever, nausea and vomiting.4.euphemism: juː.fə.mɪ.z ə m/ noun [ C or U ] 委婉语a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word'Senior citizen' is a euphemism for 'old person'.offensive /əˈfen t .sɪv/ adjective UPSETTING1. causing offence 冒犯的；使人恼怒的；得罪人的This programme contains language that some viewers might find offensive.Opposite inoffensive2. unpleasant 使人反感的offensive smells5. intoxicated:/ɪnˈtɒk.sɪ.keɪ.tɪd/ /-ˈtɑːk.sɪ.keɪ.t ̬ɪd/ adjective1. FORMAL drunkShe was charged with driving while intoxicated.2. excited, happy and slightly out of control because of an experience such as love, success,etc 陶醉的；极度兴奋的；忘乎所以的1.mundane: /mʌnˈdeɪn/ adjectivevery ordinary and therefore not interesting 单调的；平凡的Mundane matters such as paying bills and shopping for food do not interest her.2. turmoil:/ˈtɜː.mɔɪl/ /ˈtɝː-/ noun骚动；混乱a state of confusion, uncertainty or disorderThe whole region is in turmoil.3. longevity:/lɒnˈdʒev.ə.ti/ /lɑːnˈdʒev.ə.t ̬i/ noun [ U ] FORMAL[ U ] FORMAL living for a long time 长寿；长命To what do you attribute your longevity?4.diversion/d a ɪˈvɜː.ʃə n/ /dɪˈvɝː-/ noun（1）[ C ] something that takes your attention away from something else 转向；转移Shoplifters often work in pairs, with one creating a diversion to distract the shopassistants while the other steals the goods.（2）（FORMAL）an activity that is done for pleasure, especially because it takes your attention form sth else 消遣；娱乐Reading is a pleasant diversion.5. avocation兴趣；爱好；副业；职业6. adapt /əˈdæpt/ verb[ I ] to become familiar with a new situationThe good thing about children is that they adapt very easily to new environments.It took me a while to adapt to the new job.[ T ] to change something to suit different conditions or uses[ + to infinitive ] We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack's timetable.The play had been adapted for (= changed to make it suitable for) children.7. distraught: dɪˈstrɔːt/ /-ˈstrɑːt/ adjectiveextremely worried, nervous or upset 心烦意乱的；忧心如焚的The missing child's distraught parents made an emotional appeal for information on TV.mugging /ˈmʌg.ɪŋ/ noun [ C or U ] 行凶抢劫an act of attacking someone and stealing their moneyPolice are concerned that mugging is on the increase.8.cognitive/ˈkɒg.nɪ.tɪv/ /ˈkɑːg.nɪ.t ̬ɪv/ adjective [ before noun ] SPECIALIZEDconnected with thinking or conscious mental processes 认知的Some of her cognitive functions have been impaired.受损的cognitive behaviour/developmentarre /bɪˈzɑː r / /-ˈzɑːr/ adjectivevery strange and unusuala bizarre situation /bizarre behaviour10. white-collar: relating to people who work in offices, doing work that needs mental ratherthan physical effortːn t s/ /-ˈhæn t s/ verb [ T ]to improve the quality, amount or strength of something 增强；美化；使…更好These scandals will not enhance the organization's reputation.garlic /ˈgɑː.lɪk/ /ˈgɑːr-/ noun [ U ] 蒜a plant of the onion family that has a strong taste and smell and is used in cooking toadd flavourspaghetti /spəˈget.i/ /-ˈge-/ noun [ U ] 意大利面条pasta made in the form of long, thin threads2. flippant:/ˈflɪp. ə nt/ adjective ( UK INFORMAL flip )not serious about a serious subject, in an attempt to be funny or to appear clever 轻率的；轻浮的a flippant remark/attitudeI think she just thought I was being flippant.3.assuage: /əˈsweɪdʒ/ verb [ T ] FORMAL 缓和；减轻to make unpleasant feelings less strongThe government has tried to assuage the public's fears.soothe /suːð/ verb [ T ] ANGER1. to make someone feel calm or less worriedənˈsɜːt/ /-ˈsɝːt/ verb[ I or T ] to make someone feel suddenly uncertain and worried n使不安、困惑、尴尬The whole experience had disconcerted him.2.scrutinize:/ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/ /-t ̬ə n.aɪz/ verb [ T ] 彻底仔细检查to examine something very carefully in order to discover informationHe scrutinized the men's faces carefully/closely, trying to work out who was lying.lease /liːs/ noun [ C ] 租约；租契a legal agreement in which you pay money in order to use a building, piece of land, vehicle,etc. for a periodHe has the flat on a long lease.fine print:inconspicuous details or conditions printed in an agreement or contract, esp. ones that may prove unfavorable:read the fine print of whatever loan document is shoved under your nose.极小的字体;(契约中)难懂的条文3. pragmatic:/prægˈmæt.ɪk/ /-ˈmæt ̬-/ adjective MAINLY APPROVING 务实的;实事求是的;注重实效的solving problems in a realistic way which suits the present conditions rather than obeying fixed theories, ideas or rulesIn business, the pragmatic approach to problems is often more successful than an idealistic one.4.obscure:/əbˈskjʊə r / /-ˈskjʊr/ adjective NOT KNOWN表述不清楚，晦涩难懂的；费解的1. not known to many peoplean obscure island in the Pacific /an obscure 12th-century mystic2. not clear and difficult to understand or seeOfficial policy has changed, for reasons that remain obscure.His answers were obscure and confusing.5.condone: /kənˈdəʊn/ /-ˈdoʊn/ verb [ T ]to accept or allow behaviour that is wrong 纵容；宽恕；原谅If the government is seen to condone violence , the bloodshed will never stop.6. indispensable: /ˌɪn.dɪˈspen t .sə.bl ̬/ adjectiveSomething or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without themThis book is an indispensable resource for researchers.His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks.7.adversary: /ˈæd.və.s ə r.i/ /ˈæd.vɚ.ser-/ noun [ C ] FORMAL 对手；敌手a person that sb is opposed and competing with in an augument or a battleHe saw her as his main adversary within the company.8.advent:/ˈæd.vent/ , /-vənt/ noun [ S ]重要人物、事物、事件的）出现，到来the arrival of an important event, invention or personLife in Britain was transformed by the advent of the steam engine.9.benvolent: /bɪˈnev. ə l. ə nt/ adjective 行善的；慈善的；与人为善的；助人为乐的(especially of a person in authority )kind and helpfulHe was a benevolent old man, he wouldn't hurt a fly.Doing good rather than making profit; charitablepublicity /pʌbˈlɪs.ɪ.ti/ /-ə.t ̬i/ noun [ U ] （媒体的）关注；宣传；报道the activity of making certain that someone or something attracts a lot of interest or attention from many people, or the attention received as a result of this activityHe attracted a lot of adverse/bad publicity with his speech about unmarried mothers.10. prevalent: /ˈprev. ə l.ənt/ adjectiveexisting very commonly or happening often at a particular time or in a particular place 普遍存在的；盛行的；流行的These diseases are more prevalent among young children.Trees are dying in areas where acid rain is most prevalent.patriarchy /ˈpeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki/ /-ɑːr-/ noun [ C or U ] 父权制（的社会或国家）a society in which the oldest male is the leader of the family, or a society controlled bymen in which they use their power to their own advantagePatriarchy has not disappeared - it has merely changed form.She rails against patriarchy and hierarchy.matriarchy /ˈmeɪ.tri.ɑː.ki/ /-ɑːr-/ noun [ C or U ] 母权制（的社会或国家）a type of society in which women have most of the authority and power, or a society in whichP24jʊ.tri/ /-ter.i/ adjective FORMAL 有益的causing improvement of behaviour or charactera salutary experience /a salutary reminder of the dangers of mountain climbing2.impede: /ɪmˈpiːd/ verb [ T ] FORMAL 阻碍；妨碍；阻止to slow down or cause problems for the achievement or finishing of somethingAlthough he's shy, it certainly hasn't impeded his career in any way.3. simulate: /ˈsɪm.jʊ.leɪt/ verb [ T ] 模拟的；假的to do or make something which looks real but is not realIn cheap furniture, plastic is often used to simulate wood.Some driving teachers use computers to simulate (= represent) different road conditions forAPPROVING 简明的；简洁的；简要的said in a clear and short way; expressing what needs to be said without unnecessary words Keep your letter succinct and to the point.2. lucrative:/ˈluː.krə.tɪv/ /-t ̬ɪv/ adjective 赚钱的；可获利的(especially of a business, job or activity) producing a lot of moneyThe merger合并 proved to be very lucrative for both companies.3.surreptious: /ˌsʌr.əpˈtɪʃ.əs/ /ˌsɝː-/ adjective 偷偷的；暗中进行的done secretly, without anyone seeing or knowingShe seemed to be listening to what I was saying, but I couldn't help noticing her surreptitious glances at the clock.4.flamboyant: /flæmˈbɔɪ.ənt/ adjectiveBrightly coloured or decorated 艳丽的；装饰华丽的His clothes were rather flamboyant for such a serious occasion.very confident in behaviour, or intended to be noticed, especially by being brightly coloured 炫耀的；卖弄的a flamboyant gesture / The writer's flamboyant lifestyle was well known.flashy /ˈflæʃ.i/ adjective DISAPPROVING 华丽而俗气的；炫耀的looking too bright, big and expensive in a way that is intended to get attention and admirationflashy clothes /a flashy carPlainly: 1. clearly or obviouslyThis is plainly wrong. /Every footstep could be plainly heard.2. simply and without a lot of decoration 朴素地，简朴地a plainly furnished room5.stagnant: /ˈstæg.nənt/ adjective NOT FLOWING1. (of water or air) not flowing or moving, and smelling unpleasant 不流动而污浊的a stagnant pond2. not growing or developing 不变化的a stagnant economy6. ambiguous:/æmˈbɪg.ju.əs/ adjectivehaving or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionallyHis reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.The wording of the agreement is ambiguous.The government has been ambiguous on this issue.7.detriment /ˈdet.rɪ.mənt/ noun [ U ] FORMAL 伤害；损害harm or damageAre you sure that I can follow this diet without detriment to my health?She was very involved with sports at college, to the detriment of (= harming) her studies.8.depreciate/dɪˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/ verb [ I or T ]to (cause something to) lose value, especially over time 贬值、跌价Our car depreciated (by) £1500 in the first year we owned it.Since they set up a builder's yard next door, our house has depreciated in value .appreciate /əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/ verb INCREASE增值；升值to increase in valueThe value of our house has appreciated by 50% in the last two years.Our house has appreciated (in value) by 50% in the last two years.9.meticulous /məˈtɪk.jʊ.ləs/ adjective APPROVING 十分注意细节的；一丝不苟的very careful and with great attention to every detailMany hours of meticulous preparation have gone into writing the book.10stringent /ˈstrɪn.dʒənt/ adjective SEVERE1. having a very severe effect, or being extremely limiting 严格的；严厉的The most stringent laws in the world are useless unless there is the will to enforce them.We need to introduce more stringent security measures such as identity cards.Stringent safety regulations were introduced after the accident.2. SPECIALIZED involving not enough money being available for borrowing as a result of firmcontrols on the amount of money in an economy 紧缩的；紧缺的；银根紧的very angry /We have received some irate phone calls from customers.wreck /rek/ verb [ T ]1. to destroy or badly damage somethingThe explosion shattered nearby windows and wrecked two cars.Our greenhouse was wrecked in last night's storm.2. INFORMAL to spoil something completelyHe has been warned that his behaviour might wreck his chances of promotion.2. proximity /prɒkˈsɪm.ɪ.ti/ /prɑːkˈsɪm.ə.t ̬i/ noun [ U ] FORMAL 接近,附近the state of being near in space or timeThe best thing about the location of the house is its proximity to the town centre.3. fiasco fiˈæs.kəʊ/ /-koʊ/ noun [ C ] plural fiascos or MAINLY US fiascoessomething planned that goes wrong and is a complete failure, usually in an embarrassing way彻底的失败；惨败；大出丑The show was a fiasco - the lights wouldn't work, one actor forgot his lines and anotherhaving little energy; feeling unwilling and unable to do anythingI was feeling tired and lethargic.lethargyˈleθ.ə.dʒi/ /-ɚ-/ noun [ U ]the state of not having any energy or enthusiasm for doing things2.the gist /ðəˈdʒɪst/ noun [ S ]the most important pieces of information about something, or general information without detailsThat was the gist of what he said.I think I got (= understood) the gist of what she was saying.3. fabrication /ˌfæb.rɪˈkeɪ.ʃə n/ noun [ C or U ] 编造、虚构、伪造The evidence he gave in court was a complete fabrication.fabricate /ˈfæb.rɪ.keɪt/ verb [ T ]to invent or produce something false in order to deceiveHe was late, so he fabricated an excuse to avoid trouble.He claims that the police fabricated evidence againstbe at faultto have done something wrongHer doctor was at fault for/in not sending her straight to a specialist.confession /kənˈfeʃ. ə n/ noun [ C or U ]1. when you admit that you have done something wrong or illegal 供认；承认I've got a bit of a confession to make - I've lost that book you lent me.I can't ask for help. It feels like a confession of failure.2. when a Christian tells God or, especially in the Roman Catholic Church, tells a priestformally and privately, what they have done wrong so that they can be forgiven 向神父忏悔Have you been to confession recently?4.covert /ˈkoʊ.vɝːt/ , /-ˈ-/ adjectivehidden or secret/ covert actions 隐蔽的；秘密的；不公开的The government was accused of covert military operations against the regime.overt /əʊ ˈvɜːt/ ,/oʊˈvɝːt/ adjective 公开的；不隐秘的done or shown publicly or in an obvious way; not secretovert criticism /overt racismHe shows no overt signs of his unhappiness.5.enigma /ɪˈnɪg.mə/ noun [ C ] 难以理解的问题、人、物、情况等something that is mysterious and seems impossible to understand completelyShe is a bit of an enigma.The newspapers were full of stories about the enigma of Lord Lucan's disappearancealien1. LEGAL a foreigner, usually someone who lives in a country of which they are not a legalcitizen 外国人、外侨、When war broke out the government rounded up thousands of aliens and put them in temporary camps.2. a creature from a different planet 从另一世界来的生物6. fluctuate /ˈflʌk.tju.eɪt/ verb [ I ] fluctuation /ˌflʌk.tjuˈeɪ.ʃə n/ noun [ C or U ] 波动to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and anotherVegetable prices fluctuate according to the season.Her weight fluctuates wildly /fluctuating prices7.resilient /rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt/ adjective resilience /rɪˈzɪl.i.ən t s/ noun [ U ] ( FORMAL resiliency )有弹性的；可迅速回复的；有适应力的able to quickly return to a previous good conditionThis rubber ball is very resilient and immediately springs back into shape.She's a resilient girl - she won't be unhappy for long.8. dispel /dɪˈspel/ verb [ T ] -ll- 驱散；消除to remove fears, doubts and false ideas, usually by proving them wrong or unnecessary I'd like to start the speech by dispelling a few rumours that have been spreading recently.9. culminate /ˈkʌl.mɪ.neɪt/ verbculminate in/with sth （以某种结果）告终，（在某一点）结束If an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this pointMy arguments with the boss got worse and worse, and it all culminated in my deciding to change jobs.Months of hard work culminated in success. 几个月的艰辛工作终于取得了成功mantis /ˈmæn.tɪs/ /-t ̬ɪs/ noun [ C ] ( ALSO praying mantis ) 螳螂a large green insect that holds its front legs in a way that makes it look as if it is prayingwhen it is waiting to catch another insect10 unabated /ˌʌn.əˈbeɪ.tɪd/ /-t ̬ɪd/ adjective [ usually after verb ] FORMAL不减的；仍然强烈、猛烈、严重等without becoming weaker in strength or forcecontinued unabated throughout the night./ˌpriːˈrek.wɪ.zɪt/ noun [ C ] FORMAL 先决条件；前提；必备条件something which must exist or happen before something else can exist or happenPassing a written exam is a prerequisite for taking the advanced course.Public support is a prerequisite for/to the success of this project.3.sparse/spɑːs/ /spɑːrs/ adjective 稀少的；零落的small in numbers or amount, often scattered over a large areaa sparse population/audience Information coming out of the disaster area is sparse.4. aptitude /ˈæp.tɪ.tjuːd/ /-tuːd/ noun [ C or U ]a natural ability or skillMy son has no/little aptitude for sport.personal aptitudes and abilities into account.ˈnep.ə.tɪ.z ə m/ noun [ U ] DISAPPROVING 裙带关系；任人唯亲using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own familyHe was guilty of nepotism and corruption.managerial /ˌmæn.əˈdʒɪə.ri.əl/ /-ˈdʒɪr.i-/ adjectiverelating to a manager or management 管理的；经营的managerial responsibilities/decisions/skillsA 2. nebulous /ˈneb.jʊ.ləs/ adjective(especially of ideas) not clear and having no form 模糊的；不清楚的She has a few nebulous ideas about what she might like to do in the future, but nothing definite.A 3.nondescript /ˈnɒn.dɪ.skrɪpt/ /ˈnɑːn-/ adjective 无特征的；毫无个性的；平庸的very ordinary, or having no interesting or exciting features or qualitiesThe meteorological 气象bureau is in a nondescript building on the outskirts of town.A 4.murky /ˈmɜː.ki/ /ˈmɝː-/ adjective DARK/DIRTY1. dark and dirty or difficult to see through 浑浊的；污浊的The river was brown and murky after the storm.2. describes a situation that is complicated and unpleasant, and about which many factsare not clearHe became involved in the murky world of international drug-dealing.I don't want to get into the murky waters of family arguments.A 5.mercenary /ˈmɜː.s ə n.ri/ /ˈmɝː-/ adjective DISAPPROVING 只为金钱的；图利的interested only in the amount of money that you can get from a situationHe had some mercenary scheme to marry a wealthy widow.mercenary /ˈmɜː.s ə n.ri/ /ˈmɝː-/ noun [ C ] 雇佣兵a soldier who fights for any country or group that pays themP32B 6ecstatic /ɪkˈstæt.ɪk/ /-ˈstæt ̬-/ adjectiveextremely happyThe new president was greeted by an ecstatic crowd.B 7. endow/ɪnˈdaʊ/ verb [ T ]to give a large amount of money to pay for creating a college or hospital, etc. or to provide an income for it 资助、捐助The state of Michigan has endowed three institutes to do research for industry.be endowed with sth 使天生具有to have a particular quality or featureSome lucky people are endowed with both brains and beauty.Sardinia is generously endowed with prehistoric sites.B 8.deter/dɪˈtɜː r / /-ˈtɝː/ verb [ T ] -rr-to prevent from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for them to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it These measures are designed to deter an enemy attack.High prices are deterring many young people from buy ing houses.B 9. badger /ˈbædʒ.ə r / /-ɚ/ verb [ T ]to persuade someone by telling them repeatedly to do something, or to question someone repeatedly 纠缠Stop badgering me - I'll do it when I'm ready.[ + into + -ing verb ] She's been badgering me into do ing some exercise.[ + to infinitive ] Every time we go into a shop, the kids badger me to buy them sweets.Nag: keep complaining to sb about their behaviour or keep asking them to do sth 唠叨；不停地抱怨She had been nagging him to paint the fence.B 10.dubious /ˈdjuː.bi.əs/ /ˈduː-/ adjective1. thought not to be completely true or not able to be trusted 不大可靠的These claims are dubious and not scientifically proven.He has been associated with some dubious characters.Ruth Ellis has the dubious (= bad) distinction of being the last woman to be hanged in Britain.2. feeling doubt or not feeling certain 可疑的about his promises to change his ways.ː.zə.bl ̬/ adjective SLIGHTLY FORMAL1. able to be made, done or achievedWith the extra resources, the scheme now seems feasible.[ + to infinitive ] It may be feasible to clone human beings, but is it ethical?2. possible or reasonableIt 's quite feasible (that) we'll get the money.hold down a jobto manage to keep a job for a period of timeA 2. immaculate /ɪˈmæk.jʊ.lət/ adjective APPROVING1. perfectly clean or tidy 整洁的；无污迹的dressed in an immaculate white suitan immaculate garden2. perfect and without any mistakes 精确的；无误的He gave an immaculate performance as the aging hero.A 3. divulge /d a ɪˈvʌldʒ/ verb [ T ] 泄露to make something secret knownJournalists do not divulge their sources.[ + question word ] The managing director refused to divulge how much she earned.A 4.alleviate /əˈliː.vi.eɪt/ verb [ T ] FORMAL 减轻；缓和to make something bad such as pain or problems less severeThe drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.A 5. simultaneous /ˌsɪm. ə lˈteɪ.ni.əs/ /ˌsaɪ.m ə l-/ adjectivehappening or being done at exactly the same timeThere were several simultaneous explosions in different cities.B 6. scorn /skɔːn/ /skɔːrn/ noun [ U ] 鄙视；蔑视a very strong feeling of no respect for someone or something that you think is stupid orhas no valueShe has nothing but scorn for the new generation of politicians.Why do you always pour/heap scorn on (= criticize severely and unfairly) my suggestions?verb [ T ]1. to show scorn for someone or somethingSo does he respect the press and media, or does he secretly scorn them?You scorned all my suggestions.2. to refuse advice or an offer because you are too proud 傲慢的拒绝She scorned all my offers of help.B 7. culpable /ˈkʌl.pə.bl ̬/ adjective FORMAL 难辞其咎的；应受责备的deserving to be blamed or considered responsible for something badHe was held culpable (= blamed) for all that had happened.B 8. endeavour UK, US endeavor /enˈdev.ə r / /-ɚ/ verb [ I + to infinitive ]to try to do somethingEngineers are endeavouring to locate the source of the problem.B 9.supplement /ˈsʌp.lɪ.ment/ , /ˌ--ˈ-/ verb [ T ]to add something to something to make it larger or betterHe supplements (= adds to) his income by working in a bar in the evening.Some vegetarians like to supplement their diets with iron tablets.B 10.couple /ˈkʌp.l ̬/ verb JOIN[ T usually passive usually + adverb or preposition ] to join or combineThe sleeping car and restaurant car were coupled together .with low output spells disaster for the Government in the election.line on which the word is2-1. smudged /smʌdʒd/ adjectivedirty or not clearThe signature was smudged and impossible to decipher.2-3.the ˈ Marine ˌ Corps noun [ S + sing/pl verb ]a part of the United States military forces that consists of soldiers who operate on landand at seamarine /məˈriːn/ noun [ C ] 海军陆战队士兵a soldier who works closely with the navy and is trained especially for military operationson land which begin from the seacorps /kɔː r / /kɔːr/ noun [ C + sing/pl verb ] plural corps MILITARY UNITa military unit trained to perform particular duties （陆军的）特种部队the Royal Army Medical Corps /the intelligence corps3-4.relay /ˌrɪˈleɪ/ , /ˈriː.leɪ/ verb [ T ] 收到并传出；转播to repeat something you have heard, or to broadcast a signal, message or programme on television or radioI was told the news first and then I relayed it to the others.3-9：sought-after /ˈsɔːtˌɑːf.tə r / /ˈsɑːtˌæf.tɚ/ adjective 受欢迎的；争相得到的wanted by many people and usually of high quality or rareAt the age of seventeen she is already one of Hollywood's most sought-after actresses. 3-9. wade /weɪd/ verb[ I usually + adverb or preposition T ] to walk through water with difficulty because of the pressure of the water against your legs 费力的走、趟或涉The river was full but we managed to wade across .We waded a shallow river.3-10.marshy /ˈmɑː.ʃi/ /ˈmɑːr-/ adjectivedescribes an area of land that is always wet; like a marsh 似沼泽的；有沼泽的This area was very marshy before the drainage system was installed.3-10. the boondocks /ðəˈbuːn.dɒks/ /-dɑːks/ plural noun US DISAPPROVINGany area in the country that is quiet, has few people living in it, and is a long way away from a town or city 穷乡僻壤3-10. manoeuvre UK, US maneuver /məˈnuː.və r / /-vɚ/ noun MILITARY OPERATION [ C usually plural ] a planned and controlled movement or operation by the armed forces for training purposes and in war 大规模演习military /naval manoeuvres / We saw the army on manoeuvres in the mountains.5-4.sedate /sɪˈdeɪt/ verb [ T ] 给某人镇静剂to cause a person or animal to be very calm or go to sleep by giving them a drugWhen I saw him after the accident he was still in shock and was heavily sedated.5-9. toughen /ˈtʌf. ə n/ verb MAKE STRONG坚硬；坚固；使更坚强1. [ T ] to make something or someone tough, strong, or strongerThe UN announced its intentions to toughen sanctions 制裁still further.His time in the army certainly toughened him up .5-10. limp /lɪmp/ adjectivesoft and neither firm nor stiff 柔软的；无力的；无精神的a limp lettuce leaf/salad /a limp handshake7-4.oblivious /əˈblɪv.i.əs/ adjective 未觉察的；未注意的not conscious of something, especially what is happening around youAbsorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings.The government seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation.7-5.clank /klæŋk/ verb [ I or T ] 金属声；叮当声to make a short loud sound like that of metal objects hitting each other, or to cause something to make this soundMy bike chain was clanking in an alarming way as I pedalled along.9-3. condolence /kənˈdəʊ.lən t s/ /-ˈdoʊ-/ noun [ C usually plural U ]sympathy and sadness for the family or close friends of a person who has recently died, or an expression of this, especially in written form 同情；吊慰；吊唁a letter of condolenceplease accept my condolences. 谨致吊慰之意13—1：Right off/straight away/off : without hesitation or delay马上：毫不耽搁的I want it typed right away, please.请立刻把它打印出来I told her right/straitht off what I thought of her.我把我对她的看法直截了当的告诉了她14-9：ˈ serial ˌ number noun [ C ]one of a set of numbers that is put on things produced in large quantities, such as computers, televisions, paper money, etc. so that each has a different number and can be recognized1. unpleasant, immoral and unacceptable 不道德的；可耻的This vile policy of ethnic cleansing must be stopped.。

Book 4Unit 1I.1.A2.D3.C4.A5.B6.DII.1.我进入寿险这一行，做得还算不错。

我有幸与几个最棒的寿险推销员一起被指任为一委员会会员。

一时间我吓得要命。

2. 一般的成功人士为了将来的收获，甘坐冷板凳且推迟享受。

反观诸多快速成功者，他们期望太多而且渴望一蹴而就。

当回报不能立刻兑现时，他们就变得灰心丧气，愁苦不堪。

3. 我一直在找寻那些有天赋、能自律的人。

然后培养他们的爱心和忠诚。

我招募他们，激励他们，每当我们取得什么成绩，我与他们一起分享荣誉。

4. 有一次，一场盛大的开幕典礼定于周末举行，而我们的大部分家具还在我们与批发商两地之间的卡车上，距这里有数天的车程，于是我们便到外面以零售价购买了价值5,000美元的货品，这样做吞噬了我们大部分的利润，可我们不能让建筑商失望。

5. 美国总统亚伯拉罕.林肯本可能被他貌似的平凡所击垮。

他出身贫寒，外表丑陋，然而却颇有建树，给世人眼中的“平凡”予新的涵义和尊严。

III.1.set their sights high, achieve their goals2.is little related to, university-educated fast-trackers, self-discipline3.overpowering ego, bring out the best in people4.broaden their knowledge base5.stick with, keep your wordUnit 2II.1. 等等！我不管谁把那块馅饼切成两块，但不论谁切，都得给另一方挑选的权力。

2．很多情况下，冲突双方的需求并非对立。

如果关注点从击败对方转向解决问题，那么每个人都能受益。

3．如果工会赢了，罢工期间损失的工资将超过争得的利益。

相反，由于罢工，资方的损失将超过为避免罢工而答应其要求的成本。

所以，罢工必两败俱伤。

4．相反，我们应该认识到我们真正的利益是互补的，进而彼此相同：“我们该怎样协作，使馅饼更大，大家分得的份额更多？”5 如果那卖主宽容和气，通情达理又富有同情心，他就该把价格谈到497美元，使那对夫妇得到快乐和满足。

大学英语阅读进阶——第四版PART 1Unit 1 Vocabulary in ContextPractice 1: Examples1.examples：brushing their teeth, washing their hands and facec; B2.examples：the phones were constantly ringing, people were running back and forth,several offices were being painted: B3.examples: the giant land tortoise can live several hundred years; B4.examples: going to town concerts and ball games, visiting neighborhood friends,playing board games: A5.examples: gardening, long-distance bike riding ; A6.examples: picking up the language and customs of their new home; A7.examples: a trembling mugging victim, a crying lost child: A8.examples: learning, reasoning, thinking, language: B9.examples: the TV is talking to them, others can steal their thoughts; C10.examples: accepting a bribe from a customer, stealing from an employer; CPractice 2: Synonyms1-5embarrasses; examine; practical; confusing; overlook6-10 necessary; opponents; arrival; charitable; customaryPractice 3: Antonyms1.Antonomy:long; A2.Antonomy: financial loss;B3.Antonomy: openly; B4.Antonomy: plainly; B5.Antonomy: active; A6.Antonomy: clear; C7.Antonomy: benefit; B8.Antonomy: increase in value;B9.Antonomy: careless; B10.Antonomy: weak; BPractice 4: General Sense1-5 B; C; A ;B; C; 6-10 A; C; B; C; BReview Test 11-5context; A; C; B; definition…examplesReview Test 2A.1-5 B; A; B ; C; A;B. 6 D overjoyed; 7 A. provided; 8 C discouraged; 9 E. nag; 10 B. doubtful;Review Test 3A.1-5 practical; clean; reveal; relieve; at the same timeB.6-10 looked down upon; guilty; tried; add to; joined;Review Test 41-5 B; D; D; B; A; 6-10 A; C; D; D; C;Mastery Test 1A:1-3D; B; C;B4-6risk; search; false name;C7-8 C; B;D9-10A; B;Mastery Test 2A1-2 B; A;B3-5plain; conduct; modestC6-7C; C;D8-10D; D; B:Mastery Test 31-5 A; C; C; C ; B;6-10 D; D; C; A; B;Mastery Test 41-5 C; C; A; B; D;6-10 C; A; D; B; CMastery Test 5A: 1-5 C; D; C; A; C;B: (wording of answers may vary.)6 cut off; 7. give a false account of; misrepresent; twist;8. come tetween; get involved; 9. required10 became more forgiving; gave inMastery Test 6A:1. E most common;2. C stir up interest;3. F uncontrolled;4. I increased ;5. B passedB6.I die ;7. D deadly ;8. F be forced to experience;9. E give credit for; 10.J reducing2. Main ideasPractice 11.home cooking: Stake-out: Sways to eat dinner: Gfrozen foods: S2.hot and humid: Scold and rainy: Scloudy with scattered showers: Sweather forecasts: G3.oversleeping: Sbad habits: Govereating: Ssmoking: S4.traffic delays: Shead cold: Sbad coffee: Sminor problems: Gmunicating: Gwriting: Sreading: Sspeaking: S6.deadbolt locks: Salarm system: Sbarking dog: Skinds of security: G7.divorce: Sfailing grades: Smajor problems: Geviction: S8.not taking notes in class: Spoor study habits: Gmissing classes: Scramming for exams: S9.surprised: Stone of voice: Genthusiastic: Shumorous: S10.hurry up: Sget to bed: Scommands: Gclean up this mess: SPractice 2Answers will vary.Practice 31.P S S S2.S S P S3.S S S P4.P S S S5.S P S SPractice 41.S S P S2.P S S S3.S P S S4.S P S S5.S S S PPractice 51.S S P S2.S P S S3.P S S S4.S S S P5.P S S SPractice 6Group1A. SDB. SDC. MID. TGroup 2A.MIB. SDC. SDD. TGroup 3A.TB. SDC. SDD. MIGroup 4A.MIB. SDC. SDD. TGroup 5A.MIB. SDC. TD. SDPractice 7 (wording of topics may vary)1.Topic: StoriesMain idea: Sentence 12.Topic: ESPMain idea: Sentence 23.Topic: Hospices vs hospitalsMain idea: Sentence 24.Topic: Driving or Poor attitude about drivingMain idea: Sentence 105.Topic: Environment and behaviorMain idea: Sentence 1Practice 81.12. 43. 24. 55. 1Review Test 11. B2. B3. A4. A5. other sentences in the paragraphReview Test 2A. 1. a. S b. S c. S d. P2. a. S b. S c. P d. SB. 1. a. SD b. SD c. T d. MI2. a. SD b. SD c. T d. MIReview Test 31. 32. 13. 94. 25. 2Review Test 41. D2. C3. A4. A5. C6. C7. A8. D9. A 10. AMastery Test 1A. 1. a. S b. P c. S d. S2. a. P b. S c. S d. S3. a. S b. S c. S d. PB. 1. a. SD b. T c. SD d. MI2. a. MI b. SD c. Ｔ d. SDMastery Test 2A. 1. a. S b. P c. S d. S2. a. S b. S c. P d. S3. a. P b. S c. S d. SB. 1. a. SD b. SD c. Ｔ d. MI2. a. MI b. Ｔ c. .SD d. SDMastery Test 31. 12. 23. 64. 15. 2Mastery Test 41. 32. 23. 14. 75. 2Mastery Test 51. 62. 43. 24. 15. 2Mastery Test 61. 2. 2. 1 3. 2 4. 3 5. 11Unit 3. Supporting DetailsPractice 1. ( wording of answers may vary)1.Main idea: Parents can take several steps to discourage TV watching and encouragereading.1.Have only one TV set, and place it in the family room.2.Connect reading with eating.3.Don’t put a TV set in a child’s bedroom.2.Main Idea: Colleges of the early nineteenth century were distinctly differentfrom today’s schools.1.students were mostly white males.Minor details: College was considered a final polishing for upper-class gentlemen.2.All students had to take the same courses.Minor details: They studied ancient languages, literature, natural science, mathematics, and political and moral philosophy.3.Colleges were small.Minor details: Most had only a few dozen students, three or four professors, and three or four tutors.4.Student life was more regulated.Minor details: Strict curfews determined when students had to turn off lights, and attendance at religious services was required.Practice 2 ( Wording of answers may vary )1.Introduce yourselfRefer to physical settingAsk a complimentary questionSeek direct information2.Major detail: Smaller labor forceMinor detail: Milking machines use only one operator.Major detail; Higher milk outputMinor detail: American cows give 7.5 times more milk than Brazilian cows. Practice 31. C2. BPractice 4 ( Examples may vary )1.Passive listening—trying to make sense out of a speaker’s remarks without beingable to interact with the speaker.Ex—Students listen to an instructor’s lecture without having the chance to ask questions.2.Self-serving bias—the practice of judging ourselves leniently.Ex—When he lashes out angrily, we say he’s moody. When we lash out angrily, we say we’re under pressure.Review Test 11. specific…specific2. T3. supporting details4. mapping5. condenseReview Test 2A.Main idea:Several factors influence the justice system’s treatment ofcriminals.1.Sex of offender affects severity of sentence.b. Court more reluctant to send mother to prison than father2. Race is another factora. Nonwhites awarded parole and probation less often .b. Blacks executed more often for capital crimes.3. a. Young offenders given special treatment.B. 8. C 9. C 10. BReview Test 3A.Main idea: Serious depression has definite warning signs.1.Change in sleep patterns2.Abnormal eating patterns3.Trouble in thinking or concentrating4.General feeling of hopelessnessB.Main idea: There are three common ways that people deal with their feelings.1)withhold them2)Display them3)Describe themC.10. CReview Test 41-5 : B; A; D; A; long interviews6-10A. 1. Basic temperament the child is born with.2. Early emotional environmentB. 1. Authoritative 2. Authoritarian 3. PermissiveMastery Test 1A.Main idea: Divorce has serous negative consequences.1. a. Starting to date again can be nerve-racking.2.Emotional difficulties among original family members are common.a.Husband and wife feel guilt and resentment.3.Financial adjustments are necessary.a.Alimony, child support, and property disposal must be dealt with.B. 7. B 8. A 9. C10. They can undo complicated bolts on gates.Mastery Test 2A. 1.B; 2. D; 3. C; 4. D; 5. C; 6.B;B.Main idea: Chimpanzees use objects in their environment as tools.1.Sticks to catch termites and steal honey.2.Leaves as drinking cups, for cleaning, and as spongers3.Stones to crack open nuts.Mastery Test 3.A.1-6 A; B; A; D; B; AB.Main idea: Three types of human memory allow us to remove or keep informationas needed.1.Sensory memory2.short-term memory—stores about 7 items for about 30 seconds.3.Long-term memory—stores enormous numbers of items for a long period.Mastery Test 4A .Main idea:Researchers have created a number of theories to explain the functions of sleep.1. Gives body time to repair brain cells and create chemical that makes brain think.2. Enables body to save energy3. Keeps people out of trouble.4. Reduces memoryB. 6. CC. 7-10 A; B; B; D;Mastery Test 5A.1-5 B; D; A; B; C;B.Main idea:Experts in our country have suggested various purposes ofimprisonment.1)Punishnent2)Rehabilitation3)Deter crime4)Keep criminals off streetsMastery Test 6A. 1. a. 2) Informal and friendly atmosphere in the Senateb. Procedural differences1)House rules—many and complex2)Senate rules—short and simple2.Political outlook of membersa. Representatives concerned with local issuesB.Main idea: A number of conditions stimulate aggression.1) Pain2) Attacks3) Crowding4. Implied Main idea/Central PointPractice 1Paragraph 1: 1 D 2A Paragraph 2: 3C 4B Paragraph 3: 5C 6BParagraph 4: 7D 8BPractice 21D 2B 3C 4CPractice 3 (Wording of answers may vary.)1. Topic: Reasons for lyingImplied main idea: People tell lies for several reasons.2. Topic: Being an only childImplied main idea: Being an only child has its drawbacks.3. Topic: Opposition to capital punishmentImplied main idea: People have opposed the death penalty for different reasons.4. Topic: Growing olderImplied main idea: Growing older can make us better in many ways.Practice 4Central point: In fact, the days of a housewife in nineteenth-century America were spent in harsh physical labor. (Sentence 2)Practice 5Central point: However, excessive use of alcohol contributes to a number of negative social consequences. (Sentence 2)Review Test 11. implied2. topic3. support4. central point5. sometimesReview Test 2A. 1B 2AB. 3. Watching TV has several benefits.4. Lower-class criminals tend to be treated more harshly by the justice system than higher-class criminals. (In all these tests, wording of implied main ideas may vary.)Review Test 3A. 1B 2DB. 3. Several techniques can help you get a good night’s sleep.C. 4. Sentence 6Review Test 41B 2C 3A 4A 5D 6A 7C 8A 9D 10BMastery Test 1A. 1C 2A 3DB. 4. Sentence 1Mastery Test 2A. 1C 2B 3DB. 4. Sentence 20Mastery Test 3A. 1A 2A 3DB. 4. Sentence 19Mastery Test 4A. 1D 2BB. 3. There are several positive ways to encourage your family to exercise more often.C. 4. Sentence 16Mastery Test 5A. 1D 2DB. 3. Experts have suggested several techniques for doing well on exams.C. 4. Sentence 3Mastery Test 6A. 1D 2BB. 3. Marriage is good for people’s physical and mental health.C. 4. Sentence 10Unit 5 relationships IPractice 1 （Answers may vary）1．also 2. For one thing 3. In addition 4. First 5 .FinallyPractice 2 (Answers may vary)1 After2 Then3 during4 before5 whilePractice 3 (Wording of answers may vary)A Main idea: For several reasons, pork was America’s popular meat a hundred year ago.1 Pigs grew quickly2 Pigs required little attention3 Pigs could be preserved cheaplyB Main idea: …aging process1 Our bodies simply wear out.2 Our body chemistry loses its delicate balance4 Our bodies, with age, reject some of their own tissues.Practice 4 (Wording of answers may vary)Main idea: The 1960s were a time of profound events in America.1. 1963 – the assassination of President Kennedy2 1965 – urban riots in black ghettos3 1968 – protests against increasing American presence in VietnamPractice 5 (Wording of answers may vary)Main idea: People pass through three stages in reacting to unemployment.1 Shock followed by relief2 Strong efforts to find a new job3 Self-doubt and anxiety if no job is foundPractice 6 (wording of answers may vary)Main idea: Taking certain steps will help you to remember your dreams.2 Put a pen and notebook near your bed.3 Turn off alarm so you can wake up gradually.4 Write down the dream immediatelyPractice 71B 2A 3A 4B 5B 6A 7A 8B 9A 10BReview Test 11 the relationships between2 addition3 time4 T5 supporting details Review Test 2A. 1 E before 2 C also 3 D one 4 A then 5 F final 6 B secondB. 7 B 8 after 9 A 10 alsoReview Test 3A. 1 After 2 First 3 Then 4 As 5 later 6 BB.7 B 8A 9 B 10 AReview Test 41 B2 D3 B4 A5 A6 C7 first, another, final8 A9 finally 10 BMastery Test 1A 1 A Another 2 E When 3 C also 4B Then 5 D NextB 6 after 7 next 8 Last 9 then 10 BMastery Test 2A 1 A When 2 D First 3B Moreover 4C Before 5 E alsoB 6 BC 7 First 8 also 9 Finally 10 AMastery Test 3A 1-5 3, 1, 4, 2, AB 6 BC 7 A8 -10 Main idea: Prevention against injury involves a combination of two types of preventive measures.1 Active prevention – methods that require people to do something to reduce the risk of injury.2 Passive prevention- methods requiring little or no action on the part of those being protected.Mastery Test 4A 1-4 4, 1, 3, 25 BB 6 BC Main idea: Work shapes human lives in fundamental ways- Consumes enormous amounts of time-Gives life structure and rhythm-causes stressMastery Test 5A. 1 B 2 early (or later or eventually or next)B. 3 A 4 CC. 5 B6-10 Denial-Anger-Depression-Bargaining-AcceptanceAcceptance DenialBargaining AngerDepressionMastery Test 6A 1 B2-3 Any two of the following: first, next, third, finallyB 4 A 5 also 6 AC 7 A8-10 Main idea: Children learn their gender roles in three main ways.2 Imitation3 Self-definitionUnit 6 Relationships IIPractice 1 (Answer may vary)1 For instance2 for example3 such as4 including5 illustrationPractice 2A Shaping; definition — 1; example 1—2 example 2—10B Irony—saying one thing but meaning anotherEx—To end the famine in Ireland, Swift suggests the Irish should raise babies to be eatenPractice 3 (Answer may vary)1 Similarly2 Just like3 in the same way4 as5 Just asPractice 4 (Answer may vary)1 however2 Although3 but4 despite5 In contrastPractice 5A Contrast: Japanese employment practices and US employment practicesB Contrast: school and homePublic discipline Private scolding Much competition Minimal competition Practice 6 (Answer may vary)1 Because2 as a result3 so4 Since5 ThereforePractice 7A.Cause: Chronic stressEffect: Painful muscle tension Effect: Weakening of body’s immune system Effect: Psychological disordersB.Main idea(effect): There are several reasons that people daydreamMajor supporting details ( causes):1.To tolerate boring jobs2.To endure deprivation3.To discharge hostile feelings4.To plan for the futurePractice 81A 2C 3B 4C 5A 6B 7C 8A 9C 10BReview Test 11 examples2 comparison3 contrast4 C5 CReview Test 2A. 1 B effects 2 C just like 3 E However 4A Because 5D such asB. 6B 7C 8A 9C 10AReview Test 3A 1 A 2 for instanceB 3C 4 alike or but or while or in contrastC 5B 6 because or as a result or effectD 7A 8 exampleE 9 B 10 affected or because or resultReview Test 41B 2C 3C 4B 5A 6B 7C 8A 9B 10DMastery Test 1A 1 B. For example 2 C. Just as 3 A. Therefore 4D. Because 5E. In contrastB 6A 7C 8A 9B 10CMastery Test 2A. 1B 2 reason or as a resultB. 3C 4 in contrastC. 5A 6 for exampleD. 7B 8 causing or since or leads to or causesE. 9C 10 different or contrasts or nevertheless or same or alike or similar Mastery Test 3A 1-4 3, 2, 4, 15CB 6C 7 differently or in contrast or whileC 8D 9A 10 exampleMastery Test 4A. 1-4 4, 1, 3, 2 5AB. 6A 7B 8 as the resultC. 9B 10CMastery Test 5A 1B 2-5 Learn to do their jobs betterGet a raise or promotionLearn a new fieldLearn for the sake of learningB 6B 7-10 Good manager4 is flexiblePoor manager1 Is surprised by problems3 Takes on extra tasks4 Clings to old rulesMastery Test 6A 1C 2-6 DelaysLack of resourcesLossesFailureDiscriminationB 7B8-10 Main idea: Role conflict—a situation in which the different roles an individual is expected to play make incompatible demands.—For a working mother, the expectations of motherhood may conflict with those of a full-time job.—For a priest, the responsibility to treat confessions confidentially may conflict with his responsibility to the community.7. Fact and OpinionPractice 1A. 1. F 2. O 3. O 4. F 5. FB. 6. O 7. O 8. F 9. F 10. OPractice 2Answers will vary.Practice 3A. 1. O 2. F 3. F+O 4. F+O 5. FB. 6. F 7. O 8. F 9. F+O 10. OPractice 4A. 1. F 2. F+O 3. F 4. F 5. F+OB. 6. F 7. F+O 8. F 9. F+O 10. F+OPractice 5A. 1. F 2. O 3. F 4. O 5. F+OB. 6. F 7. F 8. F 9. F+O 10. F+OPractice 6A. 1. F 2. F+O 3. F 4. F+OReview Test 11. A fact2. A news report3. a mixture of fact and opinion4.Opinions5.enjoyableReview Test 2A. 1. F 2. O 3. F 4. OB. 5. F+O 6. F+O 7. F 8. F+OC. 9. F 10. F+OReview Test 3A. 1. O 2. F 3. F+O 4. F 5. F+O 6. O 7. F 8.F 9. O 10. F+OB. 1. 1. F+O 2. F 3. O 4. F 5. O2. 1. O 2. F3. F4. F+O5. OMastery Test 1A. 1. F 2. O 3. F 4. O 5. O 6. F 7. F 8. O 9. F 10. OB. 11. F+O 12. F 13. F+O 14. F 15. F+OC. 1. F 2. F+O 3. F 4. O 5. OMastery Test 2A. 1. O 2.F 3. O 4. F 5. F 6.O 7. O 8. F 9. O 10. FB. 11. F+O 12. F 13. F+O 14. F+O 15. FC. 1. F 2. F+O 3. F 4. O 5. OMastery Test 3A. 1. F 2.O 3. F 4. F+O 5.O 6.F 7. F 8. O 9. F 10. F+OB. 11. F+O 12. F 13. F+O 14. F 15. F+OC. 1. O 2. F 3. F 4. F+O 5. OMastery Test 4A. 1.O 2.F+O 3. O 4. O 5.F 6.F+O 7. F 8. F 9. F 10. F 11. F 12. OB. 1. F+O 2. O 3. F 4. F 5. FC. 18. F 19. F+O 20. OMastery Test 5A. 1. O 2.F 3. F+O 4. O 5.F 6.F 7. O 8. F 9. F 10. F 11. O 12. F+OB. 1. O 2. F+O 3. FC. 16. F+O 17. F 18. F 19. O 20. F+OMastery Test 6A. 1. F 2.F 3. O 4. F 5.F+O 6.F 7. F 8. O 9. F+O 10. OB. 1. F 2. F 3. F+O 4. F 5. F+OC. 16. F 17. F 18. F+O 19. O 20. F8．InferencesPractice 1 Practice 2 Practice 3 Practice 41. C A.1.C B.5.C C.9.B A.3,4,6 1.Simile,B2. D 2.B 6.B 10. A B.1,4,6 2.Simile,C3. D 3.C 7.A 11. B. C.1,4,6 3.Metaphor,B4. B 8.C 12. B. 4.Metaphor,C5.Metaphor,CPractice 5 Practice 61. B 6. B 2,5,62. B 7. A3. C 8. A4. C 9. C5. A 10. BReview Test 1 Review Test 2 Review Test 31. suggested 4. T A. 1,3,5,7 A.1,3,5,6eful 5.tell…show B. 2,4,6,7 B.5,A 8.Aeful C. 1,2 6.A 9.A7B 10CReview Test 41 B 6 .A2. D 7. B3. C 8. D4. C 9. D5. A 10. BMastery Test 1 Mastery Test 2 Mastery Test 3A.1,4,6 A.1. C 3. A A. 1. A 3. CB.2,3,4 2. B 4. C 2. B 4. AC.1.2,5 B.2,4,5,6,8,10 B.4,52.1,5 C.1,3.5,8Mastery Test 4 Mastery Test 5 Mastery Test 6A.1.CB. 6. A A. 2,3,5,6 A. 1. C B. 6. B2.C 7. A B. 5. A 2. B 7. A3.C 8.C 6. B 3. B 8. C4.B 9.B 7. C 4. C 9. A5.A 10.B 8. C 5. A 10.A9. A10. BUnit 9Practice 11. P2. I3. P4. I5. E6. E7. P8. I9. E 10. IPractice 21. B2. C3. APractice 31. C2. A3. E4. D5. BPractice 31. C2. A3. E4. D5. BPractice 4A. 1. admiring 2. sympathetic 3. critical 4. objective 5. ironicB. 6. straightforward 7. sarcastic 8. threatening 9. self-pitying 10. sympatheticPractice 51. F2. I3. C4. B5. EPractice 61. B2. A3. B4. A5. BReview Test 11. purpose2. inform3. entertain4. persuade5. attitude6. opposite7. B8. C9. C 10. BReview Test 21.P2. I3. E4. I5. PReview Test 31. C2. E3. B4. D5. HReview Test 41. D2. C3. B4. A5. D6. B7. B8. B9. A 10. CMastery Test 1A. 1. I 2. P 3. E 4. P 5. EB. 6. D 7. B 8. E 9. C 10. AMastery Test 2A. 1. I 2. P 3. E 4. I 5. P 6. I 7. PB. 8. C 9. E 10. AMastery Test 3A. 1. B 2. H 3. F 4. I 5. D 6. J 7. CB. 8. I 9. P 10. EMastery Test 4A. 1. E 2. A 3. I 4. C 5. G 6. F 7. JB.8. IC.9. A 10. BMastery Test 5A. 1. B 2. CB. 3. A 4. DC. 5. B 6. DD.7. C 8. DMastery Test 6A. 1. A 2. AB. 3. A 4. BC. 5. B 6. AD.7. A 8. D10. ArgumentPractice 11. A. S B. P2. A. S B. P3. A. S B. P C. S4. A. P B. S C. S5. A. S B. P C. S6. A. S B. P C. S7. A. S B. P C. S 8. A. S B. P C.S D. S9. A. P B. S C. S D. S 10. A. S B. S C. PPractice 21. A, C, F2. C, E, F3. A, D, F4. A, C, F5. B, D, EPractice 31. B2. BPractice 41. C2. APractice 51. B2. CPractice 61. B2. DReview Test 11. C2. A3. C4. B5.DReview Test 2A. 1.B 2.B 3.D 4.CB. 5.B 6.D 7.E 8.A 9.D 10.FReview Test 3A. 1.C 2.A 3.DB. 4.D 5.CReview Test 41.C2.D3.C4.C5.D6.A7.A8.C9.B10. A.S B.P C.X D.SMastery Test 1A. 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.AB. 5.A 6.D 7.E 8.B 9.D 10.EMastery Test 2A. 1.C 2.C 3.BB. 4.A 5.D 6.E 7.A 8.C 9.FC. 10.DMastery Test 3A. 1.C 2.B 3.DB. 4.D 5.BMastery Test 4A. 1.A 2.D 3.AB. 4.C 5.DMastery Test 5A. 1.A 2.D 3.F 4.B 5.C 6.FB. 7.CC. 8.A 9.B 10BMastery Test 6A. 1.B 2.D 3.F 4.B 5.C 6.FB. 7.CC. 8.A 9.B 10.APART2 十篇精选Answers to the Reading Selections 1-51 The Yellow RibbonSkills Questions1. A2. B3. D4. B5. F6. B7. D8. B9. C 10. D11. D 12. C 13. C 14. B 15. T 16. C 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. CSummarizing B2. Urban LegendsSkills Questions1. D2. A3. D4. C5. A6. D7. A8. B9. C 10. D11. A 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. C 20.BMappingWhat they areGather more realistic details and variations as they travel The playboy’s carThe cement-truck driver’s revenge3. ShameSkills Questions1. C2. D3. C4. A5. D6. T7. B8. C9. D 10.C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. F 15. C 16. T 17. T 18.D 19.T 20. AOutlining1. Becomes ashamed of his povertyb. Is humiliated by teacherc. Leaves school and avoids it in the future2. Becomes ashamed of his own failure to help anotherc. Offers to pay for meal, but too late4. The Bystander EffectSkills Questions1. C2. D3. B4. D5. D6. D7. C8. D9. C 10.D11. A 12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. C 19. C 20.BSummarizing （Note: Wording of answers may vary.）witnesses presentno one called the police during the attackthe reactions of bystanders to emergenciesinterpretis felt by each member of the crowd5. The Real Story of Flight 93Skills Questions1. D2. B3. B4. A5. F6. C7. A8. A9. D 10.C11. B 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. D 16. D 17. A 18. C 19. B 20.DOutlining1. Introduction—paragraphs 1 to 4a. Lisa Beamer’s conversations with counsellor and Airfone supervisor2. Narrative of the events of Flight 93—paragraphs 5 to 313. Conclusion—paragraphs 32 to 33a. Lisa Beamer as hero’s widowb. Teddy Roosevelt’s words6 COPING WITH NERVOUSNESSSkills Questions1. C2. B3. B4. A5. C6. C7. B8. C9. B 10. D11. A 12. A 13. A 14. A 15. A16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. AOutliningB. People can learn to cope with the fear of public speaking.C. There are various ways to cope with your nervousness about public speaking.2. Prepare adequately for your speech.4. Use coping methods for walking to the speaker’s stand and just after.7 COMPLIANCE TECHNIQUESSkills Questions1. C2. D3. A4. A5. B6. C7. D8. D9. C 10. A11. C 12. D 13. C 14. A 15. C16. B 17. D 18. F 19. B 20. CSummarizing (Note: Wording of answers may vary.)2. … making a smaller request. The first request is so outrageously large thatpeople might be tempted to slam the door in the requester’s face.Example: … to give a great deal of time.3. asking a person to agree to something on the basis of incomplete informationand then later telling the full story.4. Example: At a bake sale, customers were more likely to buy cupcakes for 75cents if they were told they would also get two free cookies.8 LIZZIE BORDENSkills Questions1. C2. C3. C4. A5. B6. A7. C8. D9. B 10. C11. B 12. A 13. A 14. C 15. C16. C 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. BSummarizing: B9 NONVERBAL COMMUNICATIONSkills Questions1. B2. B3. C4. D5. A6. A7. D8. B9. D 10. C11. C 12. B 13. A 14. T 15. B16. A 17. B 18. A 19. B 20. DOutlining (Note: Wording of answers may vary.)A. Nonverbal messages: the use of personal space3. Social distance4. Public distanceB. 2. a. Helps communicate certain emotions, attitudes, and preferencesb. Supports our verbal communications10 PREDINDUSTRIAL CITIESSkills Questions1. C2. B3. B4. B5. A6. B7. T8. C9. A 10. C11. C 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. D16. A 17. A 18. D 19. B20. Preindustrial cities were more crowded (or dangerous or disease-ridden) MappingDisease limited size of cityPopulation densityReasons people were Cause 2:attracted to them Not being able to expand upwardOpportunity to start a new lifePART3 拓展学习Combined-Skills TestsTest 11 C2 C3 A4 A5 B6 C7 D8 DTest 21 B2 D3 B4 B5 A6 B7 A8 CTest 31 B2 D3 C4 B5 D6 A7 B8 ATest 41 B2 B3 A4 C5 A6 C7 A8 DTest 51 B2 C3 C4 D5 B6 D7 C8 BTest 61 D2 A3 A4 B5 B6 A7 A8 CTest 71 B2 A3 D4 C5 D6 B7 C8 DTest 81 D2 D3 B4 D5 C6 A7 D8 CAnswer Sheet: Combined-Skilled Tests ( 9—15)Test 91. A2. B3. B4. D5. C6. B7. C8. BTest 101. C2. C3. B4. B5. C6. C7. D8. DTest 111. C2. D3. C4. C5. A6. B7. A8. CTest 121. C2. B3. C4. A5. C6. A7. C8. BTest 131. C2. B3. A4. C5. B6. A7. D8. BTest 141. B2. D3. A4. C5. A6. A7. B8. ATest 151. A2. C3. A4. C5. A6. D7. C8. AAnswers to the Practices and Tests in Part III2 PropagandaPractice 1: 2, 5Practice 2: 2, 4Practice 3: 2, 3Practice 4: 1, 5Practice 5: 2, 4Practice 6: 1, 5Practice 7: 1. B 2. A 3. CReview Test 1: 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. BReview Test 2: 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. A Review Test 3: A. 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. DB. 9. B 10. CMastery Test 1: 1. A 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. D 9. D 10. A Mastery Test 2: A. 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. BB. 9. B 10. CMastery Test 3: A. 1. B 2. AB. 3. D 4. B 5. BC. 6. B 7. B 8. CD. 9. A 10. CMastery Test 4: A. 1. C 2. C。

阅读教程Lesson 2 Leading MenExercises1. Reading ComprehensionRead the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.1)Which of the following statements is true about the Lewis and Clark expedition?A.President Jefferson was pleased when the expedition achieved its originalaim.B.There was no written record of hostility between the two captains.C.Clark was his only choice when Lewis tried to find a co-commander.D.The corps often came into violent conflict with Indians.2)When the two-volume edition of the Lewis and Clark Expedition journals wasfinally published, _________.A.it turned out to be a great successB.the whole country was shockedC.it is most well-known as a great mapD.its circulation was very limited3)Which of the following is not covered in this article?A.The significance of the expedition.B.The disappointments of Lewis and Clark.C.The personalities of the two captains.D.The hardships of the expedition.4)Which of the following was not the result of the expedition?A.Understanding of numerous Indian tribes.B.Trunks of specimens of plants and animals.C. A masterpiece map of the American West.D. A most direct water route across America.5)The author employs materials from the following sources except _________.A.Jefferson’s diaryB.written records of relevant peopleC.details from Lewis and Clark’s journalsD.recollections of family members or relativesKey:1. B（其他三个选项都与课文内容不符。

KeysUnit 11. In the Frozen Waters of Qomolangma, I Learned the Value of Humility Comprehension Exercises1.Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following.1. B2. D3. A4. B2.Put the following into Chinese1．我在想，如果出现意外，那么我那冻僵的身体需要多长时间才能沉到4.2公里深的海底呢?我紧接着意识到，对于一个仅着一条泳裤、试图游完这象征性的1公里人来说，下水前还能有什么比这更糟的念头吗？我的内心深处在颤抖，感到非常恐惧。

2. 我在珠穆朗玛峰上学到了两个基本的经验教训，第一，过去有用的东西并不意味着今天一定有用。

第二，不同的挑战需要不同的心态去应对。

现在，无论我做什么事情，都要先问问自己我需要何种心态来成功地完成任务。

3. 我们已经以某种方式生存了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式消费了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式在地球上居住了如此之久，但这并不意味着，我们过去所做的决定今天依然正确。

4. 我在世界屋脊上的游泳改变了我，在一定程度上，我希望它证明一切皆有可能。

只要我们谨慎合作，我们就有可能进行谦逊的对话，并超越对话，付诸行动。

2. Taking Lessons from What Went WrongComprehension Exercises1.Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following.1. B2. A3. C4. C2.Put the following into Chinese1.他们说，灾难会带来惨痛的教训，因为在技术上取得成功的原因往往是随机的、不可见的，而造成某个失败的原因通常是可以被找到、被证明和被修复的，从而达到改进的目的。

KeysUnit 11. In the Frozen Waters of Qomolangma, I Learned the Value of Humility Comprehension Exercises1.Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following.1. B2. D3. A4. B2.Put the following into Chinese1．我在想，如果出现意外，那么我那冻僵的身体需要多长时间才能沉到4.2公里深的海底呢?我紧接着意识到，对于一个仅着一条泳裤、试图游完这象征性的1公里人来说，下水前还能有什么比这更糟的念头吗？我的内心深处在颤抖，感到非常恐惧。

2. 我在珠穆朗玛峰上学到了两个基本的经验教训，第一，过去有用的东西并不意味着今天一定有用。

第二，不同的挑战需要不同的心态去应对。

现在，无论我做什么事情，都要先问问自己我需要何种心态来成功地完成任务。

3. 我们已经以某种方式生存了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式消费了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式在地球上居住了如此之久，但这并不意味着，我们过去所做的决定今天依然正确。

4. 我在世界屋脊上的游泳改变了我，在一定程度上，我希望它证明一切皆有可能。

只要我们谨慎合作，我们就有可能进行谦逊的对话，并超越对话，付诸行动。

2. Taking Lessons from What Went WrongComprehension Exercises1.Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following.1. B2. A3. C4. C2.Put the following into Chinese1.他们说，灾难会带来惨痛的教训，因为在技术上取得成功的原因往往是随机的、不可见的，而造成某个失败的原因通常是可以被找到、被证明和被修复的，从而达到改进的目的。

阅读教程Lesson 2 Leading MenExercises1. Reading ComprehensionRead the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.1)Which of the following statements is true about the Lewis and Clark expedition?A.President Jefferson was pleased when the expedition achieved its originalaim.B.There was no written record of hostility between the two captains.C.Clark was his only choice when Lewis tried to find a co-commander.D.The corps often came into violent conflict with Indians.2)When the two-volume edition of the Lewis and Clark Expedition journals wasfinally published, _________.A.it turned out to be a great successB.the whole country was shockedC.it is most well-known as a great mapD.its circulation was very limited3)Which of the following is not covered in this article?A.The significance of the expedition.B.The disappointments of Lewis and Clark.C.The personalities of the two captains.D.The hardships of the expedition.4)Which of the following was not the result of the expedition?A.Understanding of numerous Indian tribes.B.Trunks of specimens of plants and animals.C. A masterpiece map of the American West.D. A most direct water route across America.5)The author employs materials from the following sources except _________.A.Jefferson’s diaryB.written records of relevant peopleC.details from Lewis and Clark’s journalsD.recollections of family members or relativesKey:1. B（其他三个选项都与课文内容不符。

College English Reading Course (Book IV)Unit 11 The campers at Kitty HawkIV.Key to multiple-choice questions1.D2.C3.D4.BV.Suggested versions of translation exercise1.1903年12月7日，曾任《宗教瞭望》报编辑的兄弟联合会主教莱特先生在他位于俄亥俄州代顿市霍桑街的木头房子里收到了他儿子威尔伯和奥维尔发来的电报。

他们突发奇想，去了北卡来罗那州海岸沙丘上的一个小宿营地度假，给自己匆忙赶制的滑翔机做一些修补。

2.他们来到了吉蒂霍克，在向南往阿尔伯马勒海峡近海的哈特拉斯角延伸的大沙丘和沙岸上，有一片辽阔的海滩，海滩空荡荡的。

只有一个海岸警卫队的哨卡，几座渔民的小屋，还有沙丘后面马唐草丛里成群的蚊子、扁虱和恙螨，头顶上掠过海鸥和向下俯冲捕食的燕鸥，傍晚，鱼鹰和鹤拍打着翅膀飞过盐沼，有时，莱特兄弟的目光追随着在天空翱翔的鹰，一如几个世纪前列奥纳多睁大锐利的双眸，以领悟飞行的原理。

3.开车往返于城市之间的人民驶过田头，听到老式的莱特发动机发出连续不断的怦怦声，看到白色的双翼飞机像一对摞在一起的的熨衣板在空中足足飞了50英尺，这时他们总是惊奇地把脖子伸出窗外张望。

4.随着飞行时间的延长，莱特兄弟找到了赞助人，官司缠身，他们每晚躺在床上不能入睡，仿佛听见数百万美元在哀嗥，这比吉蒂霍克的蚊子还要烦人。

2 Treading lightlyIV.Key to multiple-choice questions1.D2.A3.C4.BV.Suggested versions of translation exercise1.不是，德∙拉∙克鲁兹先生和他的队员们在维护丛林，他们就像在竖一块巨大的“禁止入内”的标牌。

2.酷爱环保的旅游公司和游览区小旅馆在地球上仅存的几块保存完好、货真价实的原始林区开辟旅游点，给游客提供一个走马观花的去处。

大学英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(2)导读：本文大学英语四级考试阅读习题及答案解析(2)，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。

篇章词汇题型的特点篇章词汇( Banked Cloze )考一篇长度为220 个单词左右的文章，在文章当中去除了10 个单词，后面由15 个单词选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。

这种题型的测试重点在于把握文章的结构，主要考查考生对诸如连贯性，一致性，逻辑联系等语篇，语段整体特征以及单词在实际语境中的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上弄清文章的宏观结构和具体细化到每个单词的微观理解。

篇章词汇VS 完形填空应该说，篇章词汇是完形填空的一种形式。

完形填空的测试面更宽泛，涉及连词，介词等更多的语法知识，而篇章词汇的考查项都是实词(动词，名词，形容词，副词)。

篇章词汇更侧重于从篇章层面考查对单词的理解和应用。

另外一个较为明显的区别就是，篇章词汇是集合式选项，所有的选项都集中在一起;而完形填空是分组式选项，各道题目的选项互不干扰。

篇章词汇VS 词汇题篇章词汇与原来的老题型词汇题相比，更注重对词汇的实际运用的考查，从单一的一句话考查上升到篇章的理解。

Passage 2Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relationbetween actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others.The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.“If kids know they’re working for a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,”says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands our high grades for __8__ achievement ends up with uninspired students, Eisenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and __9__ failing grades.In early grades, the use of so-called token economies, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points to ward valued rewards, shows __10__ in raising efforts and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims.A)mental B)promise C)kill D)avoidE)hope F)especially G)aid H)ordinaryI)approval J)monetary K)generally L)improveM)challenging N)restore O)excellent参考答案及解析:1. 选L )。

Book 4Unit 1I.1.A2.D3.C4.A5.B6.DII.1.我进入寿险这一行，做得还算不错。

我有幸与几个最棒的寿险推销员一起被指任为一委员会会员。

一时间我吓得要命。

2. 一般的成功人士为了将来的收获，甘坐冷板凳且推迟享受。

反观诸多快速成功者，他们期望太多而且渴望一蹴而就。

当回报不能立刻兑现时，他们就变得灰心丧气，愁苦不堪。

3. 我一直在找寻那些有天赋、能自律的人。

然后培养他们的爱心和忠诚。

我招募他们，激励他们，每当我们取得什么成绩，我与他们一起分享荣誉。

4. 有一次，一场盛大的开幕典礼定于周末举行，而我们的大部分家具还在我们与批发商两地之间的卡车上，距这里有数天的车程，于是我们便到外面以零售价购买了价值5,000美元的货品，这样做吞噬了我们大部分的利润，可我们不能让建筑商失望。

5. 美国总统亚伯拉罕.林肯本可能被他貌似的平凡所击垮。

他出身贫寒，外表丑陋，然而却颇有建树，给世人眼中的“平凡”予新的涵义和尊严。

III.1.set their sights high, achieve their goals2.is little related to, university-educated fast-trackers, self-discipline3.overpowering ego, bring out the best in people4.broaden their knowledge base5.stick with, keep your wordUnit 2II.1. 等等！我不管谁把那块馅饼切成两块，但不论谁切，都得给另一方挑选的权力。

2．很多情况下，冲突双方的需求并非对立。

如果关注点从击败对方转向解决问题，那么每个人都能受益。

3．如果工会赢了，罢工期间损失的工资将超过争得的利益。

相反，由于罢工，资方的损失将超过为避免罢工而答应其要求的成本。

所以，罢工必两败俱伤。

4．相反，我们应该认识到我们真正的利益是互补的，进而彼此相同：“我们该怎样协作，使馅饼更大，大家分得的份额更多？”5 如果那卖主宽容和气，通情达理又富有同情心，他就该把价格谈到497美元，使那对夫妇得到快乐和满足。

阅读教程Lesson 2 Leading MenExercises1. Reading ComprehensionRead the text again and choose the best answer to each of the following questions or statements.1)Which of the following statements is true about the Lewis and Clark expedition?A.President Jefferson was pleased when the expedition achieved its originalaim.B.There was no written record of hostility between the two captains.C.Clark was his only choice when Lewis tried to find a co-commander.D.The corps often came into violent conflict with Indians.2)When the two-volume edition of the Lewis and Clark Expedition journals wasfinally published, _________.A.it turned out to be a great successB.the whole country was shockedC.it is most well-known as a great mapD.its circulation was very limited3)Which of the following is not covered in this article?A.The significance of the expedition.B.The disappointments of Lewis and Clark.C.The personalities of the two captains.D.The hardships of the expedition.4)Which of the following was not the result of the expedition?A.Understanding of numerous Indian tribes.B.Trunks of specimens of plants and animals.C. A masterpiece map of the American West.D. A most direct water route across America.5)The author employs materials from the following sources except _________.A.Jefferson’s diaryB.written records of relevant peopleC.details from Lewis and Clark’s journalsD.recollections of family members or relativesKey:1. B（其他三个选项都与课文内容不符。

KeysUnit 11. In the Frozen Waters of Qomolangma, I Learned the Value of Humility Comprehension Exercises1.Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following.1. B2. D3. A4. B2.Put the following into Chinese1．我在想，如果出现意外，那么我那冻僵的身体需要多长时间才能沉到4.2公里深的海底呢?我紧接着意识到，对于一个仅着一条泳裤、试图游完这象征性的1公里人来说，下水前还能有什么比这更糟的念头吗？我的内心深处在颤抖，感到非常恐惧。

2. 我在珠穆朗玛峰上学到了两个基本的经验教训，第一，过去有用的东西并不意味着今天一定有用。

第二，不同的挑战需要不同的心态去应对。

现在，无论我做什么事情，都要先问问自己我需要何种心态来成功地完成任务。

3. 我们已经以某种方式生存了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式消费了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式在地球上居住了如此之久，但这并不意味着，我们过去所做的决定今天依然正确。

4. 我在世界屋脊上的游泳改变了我，在一定程度上，我希望它证明一切皆有可能。

只要我们谨慎合作，我们就有可能进行谦逊的对话，并超越对话，付诸行动。

2. Taking Lessons from What Went WrongComprehension Exercises1.Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following.1. B2. A3. C4. C2.Put the following into Chinese1.他们说，灾难会带来惨痛的教训，因为在技术上取得成功的原因往往是随机的、不可见的，而造成某个失败的原因通常是可以被找到、被证明和被修复的，从而达到改进的目的。

Book 4Unit 1I.1.A2.D3.C4.A5.B6.DII.1.我进入寿险这一行，做得还算不错。

我有幸与几个最棒的寿险推销员一起被指任为一委员会会员。

一时间我吓得要命。

2. 一般的成功人士为了将来的收获，甘坐冷板凳且推迟享受。

反观诸多快速成功者，他们期望太多而且渴望一蹴而就。

当回报不能立刻兑现时，他们就变得灰心丧气，愁苦不堪。

3. 我一直在找寻那些有天赋、能自律的人。

然后培养他们的爱心和忠诚。

我招募他们，激励他们，每当我们取得什么成绩，我与他们一起分享荣誉。

4. 有一次，一场盛大的开幕典礼定于周末举行，而我们的大部分家具还在我们与批发商两地之间的卡车上，距这里有数天的车程，于是我们便到外面以零售价购买了价值5,000美元的货品，这样做吞噬了我们大部分的利润，可我们不能让建筑商失望。

5. 美国总统亚伯拉罕.林肯本可能被他貌似的平凡所击垮。

他出身贫寒，外表丑陋，然而却颇有建树，给世人眼中的“平凡”予新的涵义和尊严。

III.1.set their sights high, achieve their goals2.is little related to, university-educated fast-trackers, self-discipline3.overpowering ego, bring out the best in people4.broaden their knowledge base5.stick with, keep your wordUnit 2II.1. 等等！我不管谁把那块馅饼切成两块，但不论谁切，都得给另一方挑选的权力。

2．很多情况下，冲突双方的需求并非对立。

如果关注点从击败对方转向解决问题，那么每个人都能受益。

3．如果工会赢了，罢工期间损失的工资将超过争得的利益。

相反，由于罢工，资方的损失将超过为避免罢工而答应其要求的成本。

所以，罢工必两败俱伤。

4．相反，我们应该认识到我们真正的利益是互补的，进而彼此相同：“我们该怎样协作，使馅饼更大，大家分得的份额更多？”5 如果那卖主宽容和气，通情达理又富有同情心，他就该把价格谈到497美元，使那对夫妇得到快乐和满足。

1.What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people whoarrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they putin their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚).It’s wha t we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a community today.A. answer I. creativeB. result J. beliefC. share K. suspiciousD. guilty L. certaintyE. constant M. obsessedF. defined N. identifyG. vanish O. idealsH. adapted【答案及详解】1. D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guiltyabout sth. “对……感到有愧”。

全大学进阶英语综合教程第四册
“全新版大学进阶英语综合教程第四册”SPOC以《全新版大学进阶英语综合教程》第4册为依托，结合教材内容和教学实践经验，通过模块化的学习设计，针对学生普遍存在问题的知识点进行深度解读和有效梳理，旨在帮助学习者把握重点难点，掌握实用技巧，提高语言理解力和运用能力。

本册书6个单元，每单元分4个模块，分别是课文讲解，词汇语法、翻译和写作。

课程教学团队由内蒙古大学外国语学院15名经验丰富的一线教师组成。

根据教学模块组建专门的教学团队。

课文讲解团队通过教授阅读技巧，分析文章结构，解读文章主旨，帮助学习者突破阅读障碍，解决阅读中抓不住重点、理不清脉络的问题。

同时对文中的长难句也进行了详细的分析和解读。

在教学中，词汇语法团队结合语境，深入挖掘，通过举例说明、追根溯源，帮助学习者重拾词汇学习热情，引导学习者灵活运用语法知识，重建掌握语法的信心。

翻译团队注重中英文语言表达的差异，运用语法成分分析，有效解决翻译问题，提高学习者的翻译水平。

写作团队注重文章的结构和遣词造句，融合了文体写作和过程写作的理念，旨在有效化解学习者的写作焦虑，提升写作体验。