南京航空航天大学
硕士学位论文
基于无线传感器网络的环境监测系统设计与实现
姓名：耿长剑
申请学位级别：硕士
专业：电路与系统
指导教师：王成华
20090101
南京航空航天大学硕士学位论文
摘要
无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Network，WSN）是一种集成了计算机技术、通信技术、传感器技术的新型智能监控网络，已成为当前无线通信领域研究的热点。
随着生活水平的提高，环境问题开始得到人们的重视。传统的环境监测系统由于传感器成本高，部署比较困难，并且维护成本高，因此很难应用。本文以环境温度和湿度监控为应用背景，实现了一种基于无线传感器网络的监测系统。
本系统将传感器节点部署在监测区域内，通过自组网的方式构成传感器网络，每个节点采集的数据经过多跳的方式路由到汇聚节点，汇聚节点将数据经过初步处理后存储到数据中心，远程用户可以通过网络访问采集的数据。基于CC2430无线单片机设计了无线传感器网络传感器节点，主要完成了温湿度传感器SHT10的软硬件设计和部分无线通讯程序的设计。以PXA270为处理器的汇聚节点，完成了嵌入式Linux系统的构建，将Linux2.6内核剪裁移植到平台上，并且实现了JFFS2根文件系统。为了方便调试和数据的传输，还开发了网络设备驱动程序。
测试表明，各个节点能够正确的采集温度和湿度信息，并且通信良好，信号稳定。本系统易于部署，降低了开发和维护成本，并且可以通过无线通信方式获取数据或进行远程控制，使用和维护方便。
关键词：无线传感器网络，环境监测，温湿度传感器，嵌入式Linux，设备驱动
Abstract
Wireless Sensor Network, a new intelligent control and monitoring network combining sensor technology with computer and communication technology, has become a hot spot in the field of wireless communication.
With the improvement of living standards, people pay more attention to environmental issues. Because of the high maintenance cost and complexity of dispose, traditional environmental monitoring system is restricted in several applications. In order to surveil the temperature and humidity of the environment, a new surveillance system based on WSN is implemented in this thesis.
Sensor nodes are placed in the surveillance area casually and they construct ad hoc network automatieally. Sensor nodes send the collection data to the sink node via multi-hop routing, which is determined by a specific routing protocol. Then sink node reveives data and sends it to the remoted database server, remote users can access data through Internet. The wireless sensor network node is designed based on a wireless mcu CC2430, in which we mainly design the temperature and humidity sensors’ hardware and software as well as part of the wireless communications program. Sink node's processors is PXA270, in which we construct the sink node embedded Linux System. Port the Linux2.6 core to the platform, then implement the JFFS2 root file system. In order to facilitate debugging and data transmission, the thesis also develops the network device driver.
Testing showed that each node can collect the right temperature and humidity information, and the communication is stable and good. The system is easy to deploy so the development and maintenance costs is reduced, it can be obtained data through wireless communication. It's easy to use and maintain.
Key Words: Wireless Sensor Network, Environment Monitoring, Temperature and Humidity Sensor, Embedded Linux, Device Drivers
