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计算机组成原理实验报告实验报告运算器实验⼀、实验⽬的掌握⼋位运算器的数据传输格式，验证运算功能发⽣器及进位控制的组合功能。
⼆、实验要求完成算术、逻辑、移位运算实验，熟悉ALU运算控制位的运⽤。
三、实验原理实验中所⽤的运算器数据通路如图2-3-1所⽰。
ALU运算器由CPLD描述。
运算器的输出FUN经过74LS245三态门与数据总线相连，运算源寄存器A和暂存器B的数据输⼊端分别由2个74LS574锁存器锁存，锁存器的输⼊端与数据总线相连，准双向I/O 输⼊输出端⼝⽤来给出参与运算的数据，经2⽚74LS245三态门与数据总线相连。
图2-3-1运算器数据通路图中A WR、BWR在“搭接态”由实验连接对应的⼆进制开关控制，“0”有效，通过【单拍】按钮产⽣的脉冲把总线上的数据打⼊，实现运算源寄存器A、暂存器B的写⼊操作。
四、运算器功能编码算术运算逻辑运算K23~K0置“1”，灭M23~M0控位显⽰灯。
然后按下表要求“搭接”部件控制路。
表2.3.2 运算实验电路搭接表算术运算1.运算源寄存器写流程通过I/O单元“S7~S0”开关向累加器A和暂存器B置数，具体操作步骤如下：2.运算源寄存器读流程关闭A、B写使能，令K18=K17=“1”，按下流程分别读A、B。
3.加法与减法运算令M S2 S1 S0（K15 K13~K11=0100），为算术加，FUN及总线单元显⽰A+B的结果令M S2 S1 S0（K15 K13~K11=0101），为算术减，FUN及总线单元显⽰A－B的结果。
逻辑运算1.运算源寄存器写流程通过“I/O输⼊输出单元”开关向寄存器A和B置数，具体操作步骤如下：2.运算源寄存器读流程关闭A、B写使能，令K17= K18=1，按下流程分别读A、B。
①若运算控制位设为（M S2 S1 S0=1111）则F=A，即A内容送到数据总线。
②若运算控制位设为（M S2 S1 S0=1000）则F=B，即B内容送到数据总线。
评语: 课中检查完成的题号及题数：课后完成的题号与题数：成绩: 指导教师:实验报告日期：2011-1-12实验名称：基于硬布线控制器设计并实现带中断功能的复杂模型机班级：学号：姓名：一、实验目的：1. 掌握硬布线控制器的组成原理、设计方法；2. 了解硬布线控制器和微程序控制器的各自优缺点；3. 掌握并会设计带中断功能的复杂模型机的硬布线控制器。
二、实验内容：1. 根据带中断功能的复杂模型机的微程序流图，画出状态机描述图；2. 分析每个状态所需的控制信号，产生控制信号表，并用VHDL语言来设计程序，实现状态机描述的功能；3. 用Quartus软件进行编译链接，选择器件，定义管脚，编程下载，然后用CM3P联机测试每一条机器指令的功能。
三、项目要求及分析：实验要求设计带中断功能的复杂模型机的硬布线控制器，可先参照前面带中断处理能力的模型机设计实验画出微程序流程图，参照二进制微代码表设控制信号表。
然后用VHDL语言编程实现，主要注意原P<1>—P<4>的修改，采用分支语句实现。
然后就是连线装载带中断处理能力的模型机微程序检验。
四、具体实现：应包括：状态图、控制信号表、控制引脚图、VHDL程序、机器码验证程序等。
2、控制状态表：INTA/WR/RD/IOM/S3/S2/S1/S0/LDA/LDB/LDR0/LDSP/L0AD/LDAR/LDIR/ALUB/RSB/RDB/RIB/SPB/PCB/LDPC/STI/CLI S0 100000000000100111111010S1 100000000000100111111011S2 100000000000110111110111S3 101000000000101111111011S4 100000000100100101111011S5 100010010010100011111011S6 100000000100100101111011S7 100000100010100011111011S8 101000000000110111111011S9 101100000010100111111011S10 101000000000110111111011S11 100000000000100111111011S12 101000000010100111111011S13 110000000000100110111011S16 110100000000100101111011 S17 101000000010100111111011 S18 110000000000100101111011 S19 100000001000100111101011 S20 100011010001100011111011 S21 100011000001100011111011 S22 100000000000110111101011 S23 101000000010100111111011 S24 100011000001100011111011 S25 100000000000110111101011 S26 101000000000000111111111 S27 100000000000000011111111 S28 101000001000100111111011 S29 101000000000110111111011 S30 101000000000110111111011 S31 101000001000100111111011 S32 101000000000110111111011 S33 000000000000110111101011 S34 110000000000100111110011 S35 100000001000100111101011 S36 100011010001100011111011 S37 000000000000110111111011 S38 101000000000000111111111 S39 101000001000100111111011 S40 100000000100100111011011 S41 100010010000110011111011 S42 100010011000100011111011 S43 101000001000100111111011 S44 100000000100100111110011 S45 100010010000110011111011 S46 100010011000100011111011 S47 100000001000100110111011 S48 100000001000100110111011 S49 100000000000110111110111 S50 100000000000110111110111 S51 100000000010100101111011 S52 100000000000100111111011 S53 100000000000110111110111 S54 100000000000100111111001 S55 100000000000100111111010 S56 100000000000110111101011 S57 100000001000100111101011 S58 1000000010001001111010114、VHDL程序：LIBRARY IEEE;USE IEEE.std_logic_1164.ALL;ENTITY CONTROLLER ISPORT(RESET : IN STD_LOGIC;T1 : IN STD_LOGIC;INTR : IN STD_LOGIC;INS : IN STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(7 DOWNTO 0);CTRL : OUT STD_LOGIC_VECTOR(23 DOWNTO 0));END CONTROLLER;ARCHITECTURE CONTROLLER_ARCH OF CONTROLLER ISTYPE STA TE IS (S0,S1,S2,S3,S4,S5,S6,S7,S8,S9,S10,S11,S12,S13,S14,S15,S16,S17,S18,S19,S20,S21,S22,S23,S24,S25,S26,S27,S28,S29,S30,S31,S32,S33,S34,S35, S36,S37,S38,S39,S40,S41,S42,S43,S44,S45,S46,S47,S48,S49,S50,S51,S52,S53,S54, S55,S56,S57,S58,S59,S60,S61,S62);SIGNAL CUFSM: STATE;--CTRL:INTA,WR,RD,IOM,S3,S2,S1,S0,LDA,LDB,LDRI,LDSP,LOAD,LDAR,LDIR,ALU_B,RS_B,RD_B,RI_B,SP_B,PC _B,LDPC,STI,CLIBEGINPROCESS (T1,RESET,INTR,INS)BEGINIF RESET = '0' THENCTRL <= "100000000000100111111010"; --CLICUFSM <= S0;ELSIF T1'EVENT AND T1 = '1' THENCASE CUFSM ISWHEN S0 =>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011"; --中断判断CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S1 =>IF INTR='1' THENCTRL <= "000000000000110111101011"; --R0->BUS,BUS->ACUFSM <= S33;ELSE CTRL <= "100000000000110111110111";CUFSM <= S2;END IF;WHEN S33=>CTRL <= "110000000000100111110011";CUFSM <= S34;WHEN S34=>CTRL <= "100000001000100111101011";CUFSM <= S35;WHEN S35=>CTRL <= "100011010001100011111011";CUFSM <= S36;WHEN S36=>CUFSM <= S37;WHEN S37=>CTRL <= "101000000000000111111111";CUFSM <= S38;WHEN S38=>CTRL <= "100000000000110111110111";CUFSM <= S2;WHEN S2=>CTRL <= "101000000000101111111011";CUFSM <= S3;WHEN S3 =>IF INS(7 downto 4) = "0000" THEN --ADD INSCTRL <= "100000001000100110111011";CUFSM <= S47;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "0001" THEN --AND INS CTRL <= "100000001000100110111011";CUFSM <= S48;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "0010" THEN -- IN INS CTRL <= "100000000000110111110111";CUFSM <= S49;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "0011" THEN --OUT INS CTRL <= "100000000000110111110111";CUFSM <= S50;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "0100" THEN -- MOV INS CTRL <= "100000000010100101111011";CUFSM <= S51;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "0101" THEN -- HLT INS CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S52;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "0110" THEN -- LDI INS CTRL <= "100000000000110111110111";CUFSM <= S53;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4)= "0111" THEN -- STI INSCUFSM <= S54;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1000" THEN -- CLI INSCTRL <= "100000000000100111111010";CUFSM <= S55;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1001" THEN -- PUSH INSCTRL <= "100000000000110111101011";CUFSM <= S56;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1010" THEN -- POP INSCTRL <= "100000001000100111101011";CUFSM <= S57;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1011" THEN -- INET INSCTRL <= "100000001000100111101011";CUFSM <= S58;ELSIF INS(7 downto 6) = "11" AND INS(3 downto 2) = "00" THEN -- 直接INS CTRL <= "100000000000110111110111";CUFSM <= S59;ELSIF INS(7 downto 6) = "11" AND INS(3 downto 2) = "01" THEN -- 间接INS CTRL <= "100000000000110111110111";CUFSM <= S60;ELSIF INS(7 downto 6) = "11" AND INS(3 downto 2) = "10" THEN -- 变址INS CTRL <= "100000000000110111110111";CUFSM <= S61;ELSIF INS(7 downto 6) = "11" AND INS(3 downto 2) = "11" THEN -- 相对INS CTRL <= "100000000000110111110111";CUFSM <= S62;END IF;WHEN S47=>CTRL <= "100000000100100101111011";CUFSM <= S4;WHEN S4=>CTRL <= "100010010010100011111011";CUFSM <= S5;WHEN S5=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";WHEN S48=>CTRL <= "100000000100100101111011";CUFSM <= S6;WHEN S6 =>CTRL <= "100000100010100011111011";CUFSM <= S7;WHEN S7=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S49=>CTRL <= "101000000000110111111011";CUFSM <= S8;WHEN S8=>CTRL <= "101100000010100111111011";CUFSM <= S9;WHEN S9=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S50=>CTRL <= "101000000000110111111011";CUFSM <= S10;WHEN S10=>CTRL <= "110100000000100101111011";CUFSM <= S16;WHEN S16=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S51=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S52=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S53=>CUFSM <= S17;WHEN S17=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S54=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S55=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S56=>CTRL <= "110000000000100101111011";CUFSM <= S18;WHEN S18=>CTRL <= "100000001000100111101011";CUFSM <= S19;WHEN S19=>CTRL <= "100011010001100011111011";CUFSM <= S20;WHEN S20=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S57=>CTRL <= "100011000001100011111011";CUFSM <= S21;WHEN S21=>CTRL <= "100000000000110111101011";CUFSM <= S22;WHEN S22=>CTRL <= "101000000010100111111011";CUFSM <= S23;WHEN S23=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;CTRL <= "100011000001100011111011";CUFSM <= S24;WHEN S24=>CTRL <= "100000000000110111101011";CUFSM <= S25;WHEN S25=>CTRL <= "101000000000000111111111";CUFSM <= S26;WHEN S26=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S1;WHEN S59=>CTRL <= "101000001000100111111011";CUFSM <= S28;WHEN S28=>CTRL <= "101000000000110111111011";CUFSM <= S29;WHEN S60=>CTRL <= "101000000000110111111011";CUFSM <= S30;WHEN S30=>CTRL <= "101000001000100111111011";CUFSM <= S31;WHEN S31=>CTRL <= "101000000000110111111011";CUFSM <= S32;WHEN S61 =>CTRL <= "101000001000100111111011";CUFSM <= S39;WHEN S39 =>CTRL <= "100000000100100111011011";CUFSM <= S40;WHEN S40 =>CTRL <= "100010010000110011111011";WHEN S41 =>CTRL <= "100010011000100011111011";CUFSM <= S42;WHEN S62 =>CTRL <= "101000001000100111111011";CUFSM <= S43;WHEN S43 =>CTRL <= "100000000100100111110011";CUFSM <= S44;WHEN S44 =>CTRL <= "100010010000110011111011";CUFSM <= S45;WHEN S45 =>CTRL <= "100010011000100011111011";CUFSM <= S46;WHEN S29=>IF INS(7 downto 4) = "1100" THENCTRL <= "101000000010100111111011";CUFSM <= S12;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1101" THENCTRL <= "110000000000100110111011";CUFSM <= S13;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1110" THENCTRL <= "100000000000000011111111";CUFSM <= S14;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1111" THENCTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S15;END IF;WHEN S32=>IF INS(7 downto 4) = "1100" THENCTRL <= "101000000010100111111011";CUFSM <= S12;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1101" THENCTRL <= "110000000000100110111011";CUFSM <= S13;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1110" THENCTRL <= "100000000000000011111111";CUFSM <= S14;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1111" THENCTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S15;END IF;WHEN S42 =>IF INS(7 downto 4) = "1100" THENCTRL <= "101000000010100111111011";CUFSM <= S12;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1101" THENCTRL <= "110000000000100110111011";CUFSM <= S13;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1110" THENCTRL <= "100000000000000011111111";CUFSM <= S14;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1111" THENCTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S15;END IF;WHEN S46 =>IF INS(7 downto 4) = "1100" THENCTRL <= "101000000010100111111011";CUFSM <= S12;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1101" THENCTRL <= "110000000000100110111011";CUFSM <= S13;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1110" THENCTRL <= "100000000000000011111111";CUFSM <= S14;ELSIF INS(7 downto 4) = "1111" THENCTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S15;END IF;WHEN S12=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011"; --R0->BUS,BUS->BCUFSM <= S1;WHEN S13=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011"; --R0->BUS,BUS->BCUFSM <= S1;WHEN S14=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011"; --R0->BUS,BUS->BCUFSM <= S1;WHEN S15=>IF INS = "00000000" THENCTRL <= "100000000000100111111011";CUFSM <= S11;ELSIF INS = "10000000" THENCTRL <= "100000000000000011111111";CUFSM <= S27;END IF;WHEN S11=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011"; --R0->BUS,BUS->BCUFSM <= S1;WHEN S27=>CTRL <= "100000000000100111111011"; --R0->BUS,BUS->BCUFSM <= S1;END CASE;END IF;END PROCESS;END CONTROLLER_ARCH ;5、机器码验证程序：$P 00 60 ; LDI R0,13H 将立即数13装入R0$P 01 13$P 02 30 ; OUT C0H,R0 将R0中的内容写入端口C0中，即写$P 03 C0 ; ICW1，边沿触发，单片模式，需要ICW4 $P 04 60 ; LDI R0,30H 将立即数30装入R0$P 05 30$P 06 30 ; OUT C1H,R0 将R0中的内容写入端口C1中，即写$P 07 C1 ; ICW2，中断向量为30-37$P 08 60 ; LDI R0,03H 将立即数03装入R0$P 09 03$P 0A 30 ; OUT C1H,R0 将R0中的内容写入端口C1中，即写$P 0B C1 ; ICW4，非缓冲，86模式，自动EOI$P 0C 60 ; LDI R0,FEH 将立即数FE装入R0$P 0D FE$P 0E 30 ; OUT C1H,R0 将R0中的内容写入端口C1中，即写$P 0F C1 ; OCW1，只允许IR0请求$P 10 63 ; LDI SP,A0H 初始化堆栈指针为A0$P 11 A0$P 12 70 ; STI CPU开中断$P 13 20 ; IN R0,00H 从端口00（IN单元）读入计数初值$P 14 00$P 15 41 ; LOOP：MOV R1,R0 移动数据，并等待中断$P 16 E0 ; JMP LOOP 跳转，并等待中断$P 17 15; 以下为中断服务程序：$P 20 80 ; CLI CPU关中断$P 21 61 ; LDI R1,01H 将立即数01装入R1$P 22 01$P 23 04 ; ADD R0,R1 将R0和R1相加，即计数值加1$P 24 30 ; OUT 40H,R0 将计数值输出到端口40（OUT单元）$P 25 40$P 26 70 ; STI CPU开中断$P 27 B0 ; IRET 中断返回$P 30 20 ; IR0的中断入口地址20五、运行结果：初始化8259，然后原地踏步等待中断，每中断一次R0 +1，把R0输出到OUT单元计算了14次，如out 单元：六、所遇问题及解决方法：VHDL语言编程主要实现各个分支，这里要参照流程图，细心不出错后面实现就比较简单了。
一、实验目的1. 理解计算机组成原理的基本概念和结构。
2. 掌握计算机各主要部件（如CPU、存储器、总线等）的工作原理。
3. 熟悉计算机指令系统的基本知识。
4. 通过实验加深对计算机组成原理的理解。
二、实验环境1. 实验平台：EL-JY-II型计算机组成原理实验系统2. 实验软件：计算机组成原理实验软件3. 实验设备：计算机组成原理实验箱三、实验内容1. CPU数据通路实验（1）实验目的：了解CPU的数据通路结构，掌握各逻辑部件的功能及数据流动方向。
（2）实验步骤：1. 组装CPU数据通路，包括ALU、程序计数器PC、主存M、主存数据寄存器MDR、主存地址寄存器MAR、指令寄存器IR、通用寄存器R0-R3、暂存器C和D等。
2. 指示数据流动方向，确保各部件正确连接。
3. 验证数据通路功能，观察数据流动过程。
（3）实验结果：成功组装CPU数据通路，实现数据正确流动。
2. 指令周期实验（1）实验目的：掌握典型指令的指令周期，了解指令执行过程。
（2）实验步骤：1. 画出“MOV R0, R1”、“LAD R1, (R2)”、“ADD R1, R2”、“STO R2,(R3)”等指令的指令周期方框图。
2. 分析指令执行过程，理解各阶段功能。
（3）实验结果：成功画出指令周期方框图，并理解指令执行过程。
3. 硬布线控制器与微程序控制器实验（1）实验目的：了解硬布线控制器和微程序控制器的工作原理及区别。
（2）实验步骤：1. 比较硬布线控制器和微程序控制器的结构及工作原理。
2. 分析两种控制器的优缺点。
（3）实验结果：理解硬布线控制器和微程序控制器的工作原理及区别。
4. 流水线CPU实验（1）实验目的：掌握流水线CPU的工作原理，分析流水线各过程段。
（2）实验步骤：1. 分析指令流水线的取值、译码、执行、访存、写回寄存器五个过程段。
2. 画出流水处理的时空图，计算流水线的实际吞吐率和加速比。
（3）实验结果：成功分析指令流水线各过程段，并计算流水线性能指标。
