英译汉过程中翻译

英译汉San Francisco“San Francisco， open your Golden Gate，” sang the girl in the theatre. She never1 finished her song. That date was 18th April，1906. The earth shook and the roof suddenly divided，buildings crashed2 to the ground and people rushed out into the streets. The dreadful earthquake destroyed the city that had grown up when men discovered gold in the deserts of California.3 But today the streets of San Francisco stretch over more than forty steep hills，rising like huge cliffs above the blue waters of the Pacific Ocean.The best way to see this splendid city，where Spanish people were the first to make their homes，is to take one of the old cable cars which run along the nine main avenues. Fares are cheap； they have not risen，I‟m told，for almost a hundred years.4You leave5 the palm trees in Union Square --- the heart of San Francisco --- and from the shop signs and the faces around you，you will notice that in the city live people from many nations --- Austrians，Italians，Chinese and others6 --- giving each part a special character. More Chinese live in China Town than in any other part of the world outside China.7 Here，with Chinese restaurants， Chinese post-boxes， and even odd telephone-boxes that look like pagodas，it is easy8 to feel you are in China itself.Fisherman‟s Wharf， a place all foreigners want to see，is at the end of the ride. You get out， pause perhaps to help the other travelers to swing the cable car on its turntable （a city custom），and then set out to find a table in one of9 the gay little restaurants beside the harbor. As you enjoy the fresh Pacific seafood you can admire the bright red paint of the Golden Gate Bridge in the harbor and watch the traffic crossing beneath the tall towers on its way to the pretty village of Tiberon .漫步旧金山“旧金山，敞开你的金门吧！”剧院里女歌手唱道，可惜她再也没能唱完1。

英译汉的翻译方法和技巧英译汉的翻译方法和技巧英译汉的翻译方法和技巧是建立在英汉两种语言的对比之上的，专业英文的翻译技巧讲与练。

这两种语言在词汇和句法方面的一些表达手段上各有其特点。

接下来店铺为你带来英译汉的翻译方法和技巧，希望对你有帮助。

英译汉的翻译方法和技巧语序调整主要指词序、句序两方面的调整。

英汉语句中的主要成分主语、谓语、宾语或表语的词序基本上是一致的，但各种定语的位置和各种状语的次序在英、汉语言中则有同有异。

一、定语位置的调整1．单词作定语英文中，单词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词前，汉语中也大体如此。

有时英文中有后置的，但译成汉语时一般都前置。

something important（后置）重要的事情（前置）如果英文中名词前的定语过多，译文中则不宜完全前置，因为汉语不习惯在名词前用过多的定语。

a little，yellow，ragged beggar （前置）一个要饭的.，身材矮小，面黄肌瘦，衣衫褴褛（后置）2．短语作定语英文中，修饰名词的短语一般放在名词之后，而汉语则反之，但间或也有放在后面的，视汉语习惯而定。

their attempt to cross the river（后置）他们渡江的企图（前置）二、状语位置的调整1．单词作状语英文中单词作状语修饰形容词或其他状语时，通常放在它所修饰的形容词或状语的前面，这一点与汉语相同。

He was very active in class．（前置）他在班上很活跃，专业英文《专业英文的翻译技巧讲与练》。

（前置）英文中单词作状语修饰动词时，一般放在动词之后，而在汉语里则放在动词之前。

Modern science and technology are developing rapidly．（后置）现代科学技术正在迅速发展。

（前置）2．短语作状语英文中短语状语可放在被修饰的动词之前或之后，译成汉语时则大多数放在被修饰的动词之前，但也有放在后面的。

Seeing this，some of us became very worried．（前置）看到这种情况，我们有些人心里很着急。

句子翻译音译汉：1.Their argument ended when she slammed the door and leftwithout a word.她砰的关上门，一声不吭地走了，他们之间那场争执就此结束。

2.The guests at the dinner party were slightly surprised at thecommanding tone of the American.出席晚宴的客人对那个美国人威严的语气感到有点儿意外。

3.Johnny has outgrown the fear of staying at home alone .约翰尼已长大成熟，不再害怕独自呆在家里了。

4.While she felt like joining the argument,Nancy was too shy toopen mouth.南希虽然很想参加辩论，但腼腆得不敢开口。

5.What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他？6.It is very likely that he will be rejected by the army because ofhis bad eyesight.他很可能会因为实力不好而被拒收入伍。

7.The committee members have conflicting opinions as to the bestlocation of the new airport.委员会成员在新机场最佳选址这一问题上持有不同意见。

8.Henry's works of art are superior in many respects to those of hisbrother's better.亨利创作的艺术品在许多方面比他兄弟的要好。

词类转换翻译法在英译汉的过程中，有些句子可以逐词对译，有些句子则由于英汉两种语言的表达式不同，就不能逐词对译。

原文中有些词在译文中需要转换词类，才能使汉语译文通顺自然。

一、名词的转译1.英语名词转译成动词由动词派生的名词，具有动词意思的名词，以结尾表示身份或职业的名词等，这些名词都可以转译成动词。

【例1】The remembrance of these will add zest to his life.×对于这些事情的回想将会增添他生活的乐趣。

【译文】回想起这些事情，会给他的生活增添乐趣。

【例2】He looked on the Convention as a fair and faithful representation of the people.×他认为这次大会是人民的公正忠实的代表。

【译文】他认为这次大会公正忠实地代表了人民。

【例3】Other governmental activities are the responsibilities of the individual states, which have their own constitutions and laws.×其他政府活动则是各个州的责任，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。

【译文】其他政府职能则由各个州来承担，各州都有自己的宪法和法律。

【例4】The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.【译文】看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，我感到特别神往。

【例5】To my knowledge, some computers have gone missing.【译文】据我所知，有几台计算机失踪了。

【例6】He was a good listener and they would like to talk with him.×他是个好听众，所以他们喜欢同他谈话。

1. Lexicography1)Lexicography provides at its best a joyful sense of busyness with language词典编纂的绝妙之处是给人一种与语言打交道的快乐感。

2) One is immersed in the details of language as in no other field.不像其他领域，编词典的人整天都钻在语言材料中。

3) Sometimes the details are so overwhelming and endless they sap the spirit and depress the mind有时碰到的语言材料浩如烟海，令人耗神。

4) Often at the end of a hard day’s work one realizes with dismay that the meager stack of finished work one has accomplished has an immeasurably slight impact on the work as a whole往往一天辛苦工作下来，发觉所完成的薄薄几页草稿只是全部工作的九牛一毛，好不沮丧。

5) As I hope the readers of this work will come to understand dictionaries do not sprint into being正如我希望这部著作的读者会逐渐明白的那样，词典并非是一蹴而就的。

6)People must plan them collect information and write them. 必须先制定计划，收集材料，然后方能编写。

7 )Writing takes time and it is often frustrating and even infuriating.编写词典不仅耗费时间，而且常让人受挫，甚至恼怒。

1.英汉差异2.英译汉-加注和释义加注法可分音译加注和直译加注You look like AL_Capone in that suit.你穿上那套衣服，看上去就像个流氓阿尔.卡彭*了。

（阿尔.卡彭是美国历史上臭名昭著的歹徒，芝加哥犯罪集团的一首领。

）It was Friday and soon they'd go out and get drunk.星期五发薪日到了，他们马上就要出去喝酒，一醉方休。

Black people have all too often found the American Dream a nightmare.黑人们经常发现所谓的美国梦*不过是一场噩梦。

（美国梦是指美国式的民主、自由等）释义释义是舍弃原文中的具体形象，直接译出原文的意思。

Ifs not easy to become a member of that club-they want people who have plenty of money to spend,not just every Tom,Dick, and Harry.要参加那个俱乐部并非易事一他们只吸收手头阔绰的人，而不是普通百姓。

Our son must go to school.He must break out of the pot thatholds us in.我们的儿子一定得上学，一定要出人头地。

•增词I was extremely worried about her,but this was neither the place nor the time for a lecture or an argument.我非常担心她，但不论是地点还是时间都不适合和她讲解或争论。

Britain's railway system is being improved.英国的铁路系统正在改善。

English prose is elaborate rather than simple.It was not always so.现今英语散文是精心制作的而不是简单的就能做到。

第四单元句子翻译第一节长句处理一、分译法分译即把一个句子中的某个句子成分，分出了另译为一个分句或句子。

所分出来的部分必须是一个意义完整的逻辑上的主谓结构。

例：A cold that rapidly grew worse caused his unlamented return to Paris.译文：他得了感冒，而且越来越重，只好回巴黎去了。

但对他的离去，没有人感到惋惜。

1、单词例1. The dust, the uproar and the growing dark threw everything into chaos.译文：烟尘滚滚，人声嘈杂，夜色愈深，一切都陷入混乱之中。

例2. A movie of me leaving that foxhole would look like a shell leaving a rifle.译文：我离开那个单人掩体的速度之快，要是拍成电影的话，会像出膛的子弹一样。

例3. Alchemist made resultless efforts to transform one metal into another.译文：炼金术士企图把一种金属转变成另一种金属，这完全是徒劳的。

例4. With the fear of largely imaginary plots against his leadership, his self-confidence seemed totally to desert him.译文：由于担心有人阴谋推翻他的领导，他似乎完全丧失了自信心。

但所谓的阴谋在很大程度上是他自己假想出来的。

2、词组例1. He pointed out the growing tension.译文：他指出，紧张局势日益加剧。

例2. Careful cyclists are in less danger than is commonly believed.译文：只要小心谨慎，骑摩托车并不像一般人想象的那样危险。

英译汉中如何翻译词汇的方法考研英语新大纲对于阅读理解C节的表述是：“主要考查学生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。

要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分约150词译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

”文章的题材近几年偏重人文社科类。

根据《大纲》所提供的“考题结构表”中的提示，英语中30个词左右的句子已经算是“长句”了。

同时，万学海文根据对于历年考题的总结，每套考题中5个被翻译的句子长度比较平均;各个句子的句式各异，结构都比较复杂，内容都具有一定深度。

由此可见，将英译汉试题作为阅读理解的一部分，通过用汉语予以正确表达实际上不过是一个“手段”，其真正目的是测试考生根据上下文准确理解结构比较复杂、内容具有一定深度的英语句子，并用汉语予以正确表达的能力。

常常听到有人说“这句话我英语读懂了，但是就是用汉语说不出来”，其实，根本原因还是没有真正读懂英语，因为整体上说我们的汉语要比我们的英语好得多，只要英语真的读懂了，汉语表达应该是不存在问题的。

这里有一些方法，是我在教学过程中及对考试特点的分析的来的，望对各位有些许帮助。

一、括号在考研翻译中，偶尔会出现一些超纲单词或考生拿不准的单词，这个时候，出题人在文中会以括号的形式来解释该单词，如1998年的Big Bangthe theory that the universe originated in an explosion from a single mass of energy，2001年的millennium a period of 1,000 years，2002年的autonomous self-governing，2021年的Socratic苏格拉底。

所以建议各位考生在考场上在做翻译部分时首先扫一下全文是否有括号，如果有，那么括号所解释的词一定会出现在翻译的句子中。

二、构词法考研大纲规定考生应掌握一定的构词法。

其中比较常见的有合成词法和词根词缀法。