英语语法助动词PPT课件

英语语法详解：助动词一.概念：助动词是协助主要动词构成各种时态,语态,语气以及否定或疑问结构的动词.助动词分为时态助动词和结构助动词两种.二.相关知识点精讲：1. 助动词be的用法1） be +现在分词，构成实行时态。

例如：They are having a meeting. 他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。

2）be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。

例如：The window was broken by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。

English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英语。

3） be + 动词不定式，可表示下列内容：a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排。

例如：He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去纽约。

We are to teach the freshmen. 我们要教新生。

说明：这种用法也能够说成是一种将来时态表达法。

b. 表示命令。

例如：You are to explain this. 对此你要做出解释。

He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午来办公室。

c. 征求意见。

例如：How am I to answer him? 我该怎样答复他？Who is to go there? 谁该去那儿呢？d. 表示相约、商定。

例如：We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7点在校门口集合。

2. 助动词have的用法1）have +过去分词，构成完成时态。

例如：He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。

By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。

汉语中只有助词，而没有助动词。

这又是英汉两种语言的一大差别。

英语的助动词，就是起辅助作用的动词，本身没有独立的词义，不能单独做谓语，在句子中只起语法作用，和实意动词一起构成谓语(叫复合谓语)，表达否定，疑问，时态，语态和其他语法关系。

其基本形式和作用如下表：原形现在式过去式过去分词现在分词作用Be Am, is,areWas,wereBeen Being 构成各种进行时态和被动语态Have Has, have Had ————构成各种完成时态do Does, do Did ————构成疑问句和否定句，加强语气，代替前面相同的动词Shall ——Should ————构成各种将来时态Will ——would ————构成各种将来时态(一)助动词be的用法1、跟现在分词构成各种进行时态：They are playing war games with toy guns and toy tanks. 他们正在用玩具枪和玩具坦克玩战争游戏。

We were playing video games on TV last night. 昨晚我们在电视上玩电子游戏。

2、跟过去分词构成被动语态：He’s not respected by the press. 他们不受报界的尊重。

We were taught how to use a computer last year. 去年教过我们怎样用计算机。

(二)助动词have的用法have后面跟过去分词构成各种完成时态:We’ve known each other since three years ago. 我们从三年前就认识了。

He’s been to Shanghai. 他去过上海。

(三)助动词do的用法1、帮助构成实意动词一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问式和否定式：Do you know John? 你认识约翰吗?Mary didn’t come to see me yesterday. 玛丽昨天没来看我。

英语助动词语法讲解English:A helping verb, also called an auxiliary verb, is used together with a main verb to show the verb's tense, or to form a question or a negative. The most common helping verbs in English are "be," "do," and "have," but there are also modal helping verbs like "can," "could," "may," "might," "must," "shall," "should," "will," and "would." Helping verbs come before the main verb in a sentence, and their presence can change the meaning or tense of the main verb. For example, in the sentence "I am writing a letter," "am" is the helping verb that indicates the present continuous tense, while "writing" isthe main verb. In the question "Are you going to the store?" the helping verb "are" indicates the question form, and "going" is the main verb.中文翻译:助动词，又称为辅助动词，与主要动词一起使用，用于显示动词的时态，或构成疑问句或否定句。