化工原理课程设计--乙醇-水溶液连续精馏塔设计

1 化工原理课程设计任务书

一、 课程设计题目

乙醇-水溶液连续精馏塔设计

二、 课程设计的内容

1．设计方案的确定

2．带控制点的工艺流程图的确定

3．操作条件的选择（包括操作压强、进料状态、回流比等）

4．塔的工艺计算

（1） 全塔物料衡算

（2） 最佳回流比的确定

（3） 理论板及实际板的确定

（4） 塔径的计算

（5） 降液管及溢流堰尺寸的确定

（6） 浮阀数及排列方式（筛板孔径及排列方式）的确定

（7） 塔板流动性能的校核

（8） 塔板负荷性能图的绘制

（9） 塔板设计结果汇总表

5．辅助设备工艺计算

（1）换热器的面积计算及选型

（2）各种接管管径的计算及选型

（3）泵的扬程计算及选型

6．塔设备的结构设计：（包括塔盘、裙座、进出口料管）

三、 课程设计的要求 2 1、 撰写课程设计说明书一份

2、 工艺流程图一张

3、 设备总装图一张

四、 课程设计所需的主要技术参数

原料： 乙醇-水溶液

原料温度： 30℃

处理量： 1.5万吨/年

原料组成（乙醇的质量分数）：50%

产品要求：塔顶产品中乙醇的质量分数：90%，92%,94%；

塔顶产品中乙醇的回收率：99%

生产时间： 300天（7200 h）

冷却水进口温度：30℃

加热介质： 0.6MPa饱和水蒸汽

五、 课程设计的进度安排

1、 查找资料，初步确定设计方案及设计内容，1-2天

2、 根据设计要求进行设计，确定设计说明书初稿，2-3天

3、 撰写设计说明书，总装图，答辩，4-5天

六、 课程设计考核方式与评分方法

指导教师根据学生的平时表现、设计说明书、绘图质量及答辩情况评定成绩，采用百分制。

其中： 平时表现 20%

设计说明书 40%

绘图质量 20%

答辩 20%

指导教师：

学科部负责人： 3

目 录

一、概述 ······················································································· 5

1.1 设计依据 ············································································ 6

1.2 技术来源 ············································································ 6

1.3 设计任务及要求 ··································································· 6

二：计算过程 ················································································· 7

1. 塔型选择 ·············································································· 7

2. 操作条件的确定 ····································································· 7

2.1 操作压力 ······································································ 7

2.2 进料状态 ······································································ 7

2.3 加热方式 ······································································ 8

2.4 热能利用 ······································································ 8

3. 有关的工艺计算 ····································································· 8

3.1 最小回流比及操作回流比的确定 ········································ 9

3.2 塔顶产品产量、釜残液量及加热蒸汽量的计算 ···················· 10

3.3 全凝器冷凝介质的消耗量 ··············································· 11

3.4 热能利用 ···································································· 11

3.5 理论塔板层数的确定 ····················································· 12

3.6 全塔效率的估算 ··························································· 13

3.7 实际塔板数PN ···························································· 14

4. 精馏塔主题尺寸的计算 ·························································· 14

4.1 精馏段与提馏段的体积流量 ············································ 15

4.1.1 精馏段 ······························································· 15

4.1.2 提馏段 ······························································· 16

4.2 塔径的计算 ································································· 17

4.3 塔高的计算 ································································· 19

5. 塔板结构尺寸的确定 ····························································· 20

5.1 塔板尺寸 ···································································· 20

5.2 弓形降液管 ································································· 21

5.2.1 堰高 ·································································· 21

5.2.2 降液管底隙高度h0 ················································ 21

5.2.3 进口堰高和受液盘 ················································ 21

5.3 浮阀数目及排列 ··························································· 22 4 5.3.1 浮阀数目 ···························································· 22

5.3.2 排列 ·································································· 22

5.3.3 校核 ·································································· 23

6. 流体力学验算 ······································································ 23

6.1 气体通过浮阀塔板的压力降(单板压降)ph ·························· 23

6.1.1 干板阻力ch ························································ 24

6.1.2 板上充气液层阻力1h ············································ 24

6.1.3 由表面张力引起的阻力h ······································ 24

6.2 漏液验算 ···································································· 24

6.3 液泛验算 ···································································· 25

6.4 雾沫夹带验算 ······························································ 25

7. 操作性能负荷图 ··································································· 26

7.1 雾沫夹带上限线 ··························································· 26

7.2 液泛线 ······································································· 26

7.3 液体负荷上限线 ··························································· 27

7.4 漏液线 ······································································· 27

7.5 液相负荷下限线 ··························································· 27