(完整版)自适应波束成型

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新技术讲座

阵列天线波束形成研究

姓名: 席 艺

学号:151130108

摘要

阵列信号处理是现代信号处理技术中一个重要的分支,它的应用涉及到雷达、通信及射电天文等多个领域,而波束形成是阵列信号处理中的重要研究方向,为了实现在一定准则下的最佳接收和空间滤波,我们通过调整权重向量来改变阵列方向图,使得波束主瓣指向信号,旁瓣指向干扰,从而提高输出信噪比。

本文在窄带信号的情况下,建立了均匀线阵和均匀圆阵的基本模型,为后续研究打下了良好的理论基础;介绍了均方误差性能量度,这是波束形成的关键;系统的介绍了波束形成的原理过程,并研究了两种经典波束形成算法,并进行仿真,取得了理想的成果。

关键词:阵列信号处理,自适应波束形成,Bartlett/Capon波束形成器

ABSTRACT

Array sigal processing is an important branch of signal processing and its

applicationsinvolve many areas, such as radar, communications and medical imaging.

Beamforming is an important research direction in the array signal processing.

Aiming at achieving the best receiver in some criterions and attaining the purpose of

the spatialfilter, we adjust the weight vector to change the pattern of the array,

which makes pointing the beam main lobe at the desired signal, sidelobes null at the

interfering signals, so that the SINR of the output can be improved.

In this thesis, based on narrowband system, we built the mathematical model of

an array antenna through modeling which is the foundation of the next study, and

introduced the Mean Square Error , one of the performance metrics commonly used

in adaptive control algorithm, and compared the advantages and disadvantages with

other performance metrics. We introduced the process of beamforming and studied

two classic beamforming algorithms, named Bartlett beamformer and Capon

beamformer. Then, we used MATLAB to simulate their beamformsand compared

their performance under different circumstances and gain ideal result.

Key Words: array signal processing, beamforming, Bartlett/Capon beamformer

目录

摘要................................................................................................................................ 2

ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... 2

1. 绪论 .......................................................................................................................... 4

1.1 研究背景及意义 ............................................................................................ 4

1.2 国内外研究状况 ............................................................................................ 4

1.3 本文主要研究内容 ........................................................................................ 5

2. 阵列天线理论基础 .................................................................................................. 6

2.1 理性条件假设 ................................................................................................ 6

2.2 阵列天线数学模型 ........................................................................................ 6

2.2.1 阵列天线的基本模型 ......................................................................... 6

2.2.2 均匀线阵模型 ..................................................................................... 7

2.2.3 均匀圆阵模型 ..................................................................................... 8

2.3 阵列信号处理的统计模型 ............................................................................ 9

3. 自适应控制算法 ...................................................................................................... 9

4. 波束形成算法 ........................................................................................................ 10

4.1 最佳权向量 .................................................................................................. 10

4.2 Bartlett波束形成器 ...................................................................................... 10

4.3 Capon波束形成器 ........................................................................................ 11

5. 总结与展望 ............................................................................................................ 12

参考文献...................................................................................................................... 12