The Pedestrian

行人检测综述报告[推荐]第一篇：行人检测综述报告[推荐]基于深度神经网络的行人检测综述摘要：行人检测是汽车自动驾驶的基础技术之一。

基于深度神经网络模型的行人检测方法取得的效果已经远超于使用传统特征经行识别得到的效果。

仿生物视觉系统的卷积神经网络作为深度学习的重要组成、在图像、语音等领域得到了成功应用。

其局部感受野、权值共享和降采样三个特点使之成为智能机器视觉领域的研究热点。

通过增加网络层数所构造的深层神经网络使机器能够获得抽象概念能力，在诸多领域都取得了巨大的成功，又掀起了神经网络研究的一个新高潮。

本文回顾了神经网络的发展历程，综述了其当前研究进展以及存在的问题，展望了未来神经网络的发展方向。

关键词：行人检测；卷积神经网络；深度学习Survey of Pedestrian detection based on Deep Neural Network Yin Guangchuan，Zhangshuai，Qi Shuaihui Abstract：Pedestrian detection is one of the basic technologies of unmanned vehicles. The pedestrian detection method based on the deep neural network model has achieved much more effect than the traditional one. Convolutional neural network which imitates the biological vision system has made great success on image and audio, which is the important component of deep learning. Local receptive field, sharing weights and down sampling are three important characteristics of CNN which lead it to be the hotspot in the field of intelligent machine vision．With the increasing number of layers, deep neural network entitles machines the capability to capture “abstract concepts” and it has achieved great success in various fields, leading a new and advanced trend in neural network research. This paper recalls the development of neuralnetwork, summarizes the latest progress and existing problems considering neural network and points out its possible future directions.Keywords: pedestrian detection; convolutional neural network; deep learning国防科技大学课程设计机器视觉1 引言行人兼具刚性和柔性物体的特性，外观易受穿着、尺度、遮挡、姿态和视角等影响，使得行人检测成为计算机视觉的研究难点与热点。

我的家乡英语作文在平时的学习、工作或生活中，大家总少不了接触作文吧，作文是通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。

作文的注意事项有许多，你确定会写吗？下面是店铺收集整理的我的家乡英语作文，希望对大家有所帮助。

我的家乡英语作文篇1My hometown is in Lianjiang. It is a city in the state of Guangdong. The people here are mostly fruit farmers。

Some of them work in the rice cooker industry. It is also one of the largest and most developed county in GuangDong.Lianjiang is a traditional agricultural county. I live in one of the small town here in.我的家乡英语作文篇2我的家乡在宁波，宁波位于东海之滨，是个美丽富饶、物产丰富的城市。

My hometown is in Ningbo and Ningbo is located on the shore of the East China Sea. It is a beautiful, rich and rich city.宁波的公园都很美丽，但我最喜欢的还是日湖。

日湖的景色很优美。

很多小朋友在那放风筝，也有小朋友在骑车、滑旱冰。

日湖还有个沙滩，叫黄金海岸，那里的小朋友最多，个个都在玩沙子。

日湖给我们带来了快乐。

The parks in Ningbo are beautiful, but my favorite is the day lake. The scenery of the lake is very beautiful. Many children are flying kites there, and some children are riding and skating. There is a beach in the lake, which is called the Gold Coast. The most friends there are all playing with sand. The lake brings us happiness.我们宁波的公园是值得夸的，但最值得夸的还是名胜古迹。

Modeling the pedestrian’s movement and simulating evacuation dynamics onstairsYunchao Qu,Ziyou Gao ⇑,Yao Xiao,Xingang LiSchool of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,Chinaa r t i c l e i n f o Article history:Received 23December 2013Received in revised form 15May 2014Accepted 22May 2014Available online 26June 2014Keywords:Pedestrian flowStaircase movement Dynamic characteristics Social force modela b s t r a c tThis paper presents an enhanced social force model to describe the pedestrian’s movement and evacua-tion dynamics on pared with original models that described the pedestrian’s planar motion,our model introduces some mechanisms of the staircase movement,such as the influence of staircase geometry,the restriction of the step size and the optimal velocity selection.The body shape of each pedestrian is regarded as a set of three circles to precisely quantify the movement.In addition,the rotation dynamics are included into the model to describe the congestion effect.The improved model can obtain individual velocity under different staircase geometries and the flow characteristics of the evacuation dynamics.Some empirical data and a series of observations captured in two subway stations in Beijing are applied to study the characteristics and further validate the model.The results show that our model performs well consistent with the observed data.At last,simulations are implemented to find the solutions of estimating the evacuation time and evaluating the capacity of stair.Ó2014Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionStairs are widely used in all kinds of buildings,especially in large scale public places,i.e.,subway stations,shopping malls and office buildings.Walking on stairs is very common and important in our daily lives,and scientific design and effective utilization of stairs are urgently needed for designers and managers (Peacock et al.,2009).In emergency,such as power failure,fire,earthquake or other hazards,the elevators may be out of commission,and the stairs become the primary escape routes.If there are too many peo-ple crowded on stairs,they will pack closer together or even lead to some dangerous situations (Shields and Boyce,2009).Knowing the flow characteristics and predicting the egress time are the key points to grasp the evacuation dynamics and make emergency response plans on stairs (Graat et al.,1999;Oven and Cakici,2009).The characteristics of pedestrian staircase movement are deter-mined by organizational,constructional and behavioral factors:the organizational factors,i.e.,preparation for emergencies;the constructional factors,i.e.,the staircase geometry including riser height,tread depth and step width (Graat et al.,1999;Fujiyama and Tyler,2010);the behavioral factors,i.e.,responses and move-ment characteristics of pedestrians (Yang et al.,2012;Ma et al.,2012).The study of the staircase movement is an interdisciplinaryfield with different focuses,such as biomechanics,physics,physiol-ogy,phycology,computer science,safety science (i.e.,Hankin and Wright,1958;Fruin,1971;Predtechenskii and Milinskii,1978;Templer,1992;Batty,1997;Helbing et al.,2000;Hase and Yamazaki,2002;Nelson et al.,2002;Hoskin,2004;Pauls,2005;Trew,2005;Casburn et al.,2007;Hostikka et al.,2007;Galea et al.,2008;Kretz et al.,2008;Seer,2008;Xu and Song,2009;Fujiyama and Tyler,2010;Galea et al.,2010;Hoskins,2011;Halsey et al.,2012;Yang et al.,2012;Peacock et al.,2012;Burghardt et al.,2013).To make quantitative analyses and detailed descriptions of staircase movement,many researches have carried out a lot of sur-veys,experiments and evacuation drills on stairs,and have collected large amounts of experimental and observational data of staircase movement (please see Table 1for details).In these studies,the flow characteristics of staircase movement are described in individual level and collective level.Pedestrian flow in low densities reflects the characteristics in the individual level,and walking speed is influ-enced by physiological feature and body function,such as gender,age,height,weight,heart rate,rate of oxygen consumption and rate of energy expenditure (Irvine et al.,1990;Teh and Aziz,2002;Halsey et al.,2012).It is also influenced by stairway geometries and movement direction.Pedestrian flow in high densities reflects the characteristics in the collective level.The collective behaviors include pedestrians’self-organized behaviors and optimal route choice behaviors (i.e.,Helbing et al.,2000,2005;Moussaid et al.,2011).The researches of pedestrian flow in the collective level focus on three aspects,(1)evaluating evacuation time,(2)reproducing/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.05.0160925-7535/Ó2014Elsevier Ltd.All rights reserved.⇑Corresponding author.Tel.:+861051688193.E-mail address:zygao@ (Z.Gao).fundamental diagram,and(3)describingflow characteristics,i.e., inflow,outflow,capacity.Staircase movement is a complicated three-dimensional move-ment,and modeling the movement is a quite challenging work. Nowadays,researches have integrated behavioral and construc-tional factors,and have established many models to analyze the flow characteristics and simulate evacuation processes in both sin-gle-story and multi-story buildings(Table1).In our work,we mainly focus on the case of single-story staircases.These models are classified into two categories:macroscopic model and micro-scopic model(Zheng et al.,2009).The macroscopic models regard the crowd as a single entity,and focus onfitting the expression of fundamental diagram.Linear,piecewise linear and non-linear functions(i.e.,Fruin,1971;Warren,1984;Tanaboriboon et al., 1986;Weidmann,1993;Lam and Cheung,2000;Proulx,2002; Peacock et al.,2012;Hoskins and Milke,2012)have been applied to describe relationship between velocity and density under differ-ent stair geometries.Compared with macroscopic models,the microscopic models are able to precisely describe the individual behavior,qualitatively explain the evacuation dynamics and reproduce some self-orga-nized phenomena(Helbing et al.,2000).These microscopic models are spatial-discrete models(cellular automation model,i.e., Kirchner et al.,2004;Huang and Guo,2008;Schadschneider and Seyfried,2009)and spatial-continuous models(social force model, i.e.,Helbing et al.,2000).These models have been applied to reveal two-dimensional planar movement,but few of them have described the three-dimensional staircase movement(Song et al., 2006;Pelechano and Malkawi,2008;Xu and Song,2009;Ma et al.,2012).In addition,the spatial-discrete models are some restricted to describe the staircase movement,such as grid size,fatigue factor,route selection,and uneven use of stairs (Pelechano and Malkawi,2008).Although the spatial-continuous models are advantageous to solve most of the aforementioned problems,these models are quite rare.Social force model(Helbing and Molnar,1995)is a well-known spatial-continuous model in thefield of pedestrianflow.The model can reproduce several self-organized phenomena,such as lane forming,arching queue,shock waves and clogging effects (Helbing et al.,2005,2007).Moussaid et al.(2011)have proposed a heuristics-based model to replace the social force with a heuris-tics intelligent optimum function.Based on the heuristic social force model,this paper introduced some special rules and estab-lished an enhanced model to describe the mechanisms of pedes-trian movement and evacuation dynamics on stairs.Firstly,the body shape of each pedestrian is regarded as a set of three circles (Thompson and Marchant,1995).Compared with traditional sin-gle-circle shape(i.e.,Helbing et al.,2000),the three-circle shape precisely represents the projection of human body and describes the rotation movement when two pedestrians collide with others. Secondly,pedestrians usually walk more carefully on stairs than on planar,so two‘safety rules’are proposed to describe staircase movement behavior.Thefirst rule is that a pedestrian wants to walk upstairs/downstairs with integral steps at a time,and the step-size is restricted by the staircase geometry,such as tread depth,riser height and step width.The second rule is that a pedes-trian tends to walk along the sides,i.e.,holding handrails,propping up against walls.Thirdly,the relaxation time is extended to a var-iable in our model.The relaxation time is defined that a pedestrian tends to correspondingly adapt his/her actual velocity to desired velocity with a certain characteristic time s(i.e.,Helbing et al., 2000;Moussaid et al.,2011).The relaxation time is mostlyTable1The state-of-the-art of staircase movement.Author(s)Year Method Model EvacuationprocessWalking speed NoteDynamics FD Geometry Direction Hankin and Wright1958Data analysis–s d s d–Fruin1971Data analysis–s d s s Planning methodPredtechenskii and Milinskii1978Data analysis Planning model s d s s Planning methodTanaboriboon et al.1986Macro Linear function s d s s Fundamental diagram Weidmann1993Macro Non-linear function s d d d–Frantzich1996Data analysis–s d d d–Graat et al.1999Data analysis–s d s s Capacity estimation Lam and Cheung2000Macro BPR function s d d d Fundamental diagram,capacityestimation Proulx et al.2002Data analysis Non-linear function d d s s SFPENelson and Mowrer2002Data analysis Non-linear function d d s s SFPEHoskin2004Softwaresimulation Coordinate-basedmodeld d d d Simulex32Pauls2005Data analysis–d s s s–Hostikka et al.2007Data analysis–d d s s–Kretz et al.2008Data analysis–s d d d Pedestrian movement on long stairs Seer et al.2008Data analysis–d d s s Flow characteristicsPelechano and Malkawi2008SoftwaresimulationGrid based model d s s s Literature review(STEPS,EXODUS)Galea et al.2008Software Evacuation model d s s s Merging behavior at interactions Xu and Song2009Micro Multi-grid model d s s s Flow characteristics,such as in and outflow Fujiyama and Tyler2010Macro Linear function s s d d Individual walking speed Galea et al.2010Data analysis–d d s s Evacuation softwareHoskins2011Macro Linear function d d d d Fundamental diagramYang et al.2012Data analysis–d d d s Evacuation drillLei et al.2012Softwaresimulation–d s s s Software(FDS,EVAC) Hoskins and Milke2012Data analysis–s d s s NISTPeacock2012Data analysis–d d d s NIST,different measurement methods Ma et al.2012Data analysis CA d s s s SimulationBurghardt et al.2013Data analysis–s d s s Fundamental diagramd Represents the factor is included and s represents the factor is not included.190Y.Qu et al./Safety Science70(2014)189–201assumed to be a constant in previous models,but it is not inade-quate to describe the staircase movement.As mentioned before, the individual walking speed on stairs is influenced by many fac-tors,such as staircase size,movement direction,and physical char-acteristics.For example,pedestrians spend more energy on walking upstairs than downstairs,spend more time on walking steep stairs than gentle stairs.Pedestrians with different age, weight or gender may require different relaxation times when walking on different stairs.Considering the influence factors,the relaxation time is formulated as a linear function of individual weight,moving height,and the slope of stairs.The linear function is similar to the model(Fujiyama and Tyler,2010),and some parameters are introduced to distinguish the upstairs and down-stairs movement.In this paper,some empirical data in literatures are collected and new observations from subway stations are conducted.In Sec-tion2,the characteristics of pedestrianflow on the stairs are dis-cussed.Based on the data and analysis,the constructional and behavioral factors are introduced to the social force model to pre-cisely describe the individual staircase moment in Section3.To validate the model,a series of simulations are implemented,and the simulation results are compared with the observational and empirical data in Section4.Simulations are implemented to ana-lyze theflow characteristics and the evacuation process in subway stations in Section5.Finally,the conclusions and the further work are given in Section6.2.Data collection andflow characteristics on stairs2.1.Empirical data of pedestrian speedOccupant speed is a very important element of pedestrianflow, and pedestrian speed on stairs is mainly affected by the slope of stairway,depth of tread,height of riser,and presence and location of handrails(Gwynne et al.,2009).Graat et al.(1999)had found that speed and capacity on stairs were higher with a normal (30°)slope than a steep(38°)slope.Kretz et al.(2008)had found that some pedestrian accelerate when walking upward a short stairway,and the mean upward walking speed on the short stair-way was found to be roughly twice as large as the one on the long stairway.Fujiyama and Tyler(2010)had proposed a model to pre-dict the walking speed based on the weight,leg power and the gra-dient of the stairs.The evacuation process of a large number of people is another major concern for researchers and designers. During the evacuation,the evacuation process something likes a queuing system that contains the processes of congestion forming, propagation and dissipation(Ma et al.,2012).Besides,the stair width and capacity will affect the route/exit choice behaviors and the evacuation efficiency(Lei et al.,2012).Researches have obtained many observational and experimen-tal data of staircase movement.However,this study here is not intended to be an exhaustive review of all researches.The refer-ences which mentioned both staircase geometry and individual speed are taken into consideration.Ten instances of staircase are included in our paper,and more detailed data can be found in the literatures(i.e.,Weidmann,1993;Frantzich,1996;Fujiyama and Tyler,2010;Hoskins,2011;Peacock et al.,2012).From Table2, it is found that walking speeds listed in the studies are different. This may be caused by natural variation of individual capability, staircase geometry,density of crowd and other factors.Besides, different measurement methods of calculating travel distances and areas on stairs may lead to different results(Hoskins and Milke,2012).Fujiyama and Tyler(2010)have made some experi-ments and found that average upstairs and downstairs speeds were0.58m/s and0.67m/s,respectively.Peacock et al.(2012) have mentioned that average downstairs speeds in their study of 0.48±0.16m/s were observed to be quite similar to the range of literature values.Kretz et al.(2008)have pointed that the density also affected the individual speed.Ma et al.(2012)have made a series of evacuation drills to obtain the average downstairs speed of0.547m/s.Even though different researchers have come up with different values for movement on stairs,most give a maximum for density of4.5–5.5pedestrians/m2,a maximum for speed of0.7–1.2m/s,and maximum for capacity of0.8–1.5pedestrians/(m s).2.2.Observations in subway stationsSomefire drill evacuations of office buildings have been imple-mented by National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST), and the collected staircase movement data have included a range of stair geometries and occupant densities(Peacock et al.,2012; Hoskins and Milke,2012).However,in those studies,the local speed and the density were inaccurately estimated according to the collected data.It was because the cameras did not fully record the whole of staircase movement.In the drills,cameras were set every twofloors to record an overhead view of occupant move-ment.The view of each camera only covered the main landing area plus tread depth area for about4–6steps of one story.Between every two cameras,there was a mid-landing,where pedestrian movement was a planar movement,but not a staircase movement. It was impossible to dissociate the planar movement on mid-land-ing from the video,so the calculations of the travel distance and travel time of staircase movement were inaccurate.To precisely investigate the pedestrian movement characteristics on stairs,we improved the method of video recording,and conducted observa-tions of whole staircase movement in two stations of Beijing sub-way Line1.The two stations are Sihui East Station(ascendingflow)and Xidan Station(descendingflow).The Sihui East Station is a termi-nal station and all the passengers should get off the train and go to the transfer hall;therefore,the pedestrianflow on the observed stair is an ascendingflow.The Xidan Station is also a transferTable2Individual horizontal speeds in ten instances of staircases with different geometries.ID Riser height(mm)Tread depth(mm)Gradient(°)Horizontal speed(m/s)Source Note#H120021043.60.361("),0.509(;)a Frantzich(1996)Narrow stair #H215030519.00.427("),0.601(;)Lam(2000)MTR #H316327131.00.417("),0.569(;)Lam(2000)KCR #H419027035.10.423(")Kretz(2008)Long stairs #H515029027.30.538("),0.581(;)Fujiyama(2010)Elder people #H615726730.50.590("),0.721(;)Fujiyama(2010)Young people #H718623838.00.488(;)a Peacock(2012)11-Floors #H819125436.90.440(;)a Peacock(2012)18-Floors #H915028028.20.547(;)Ma(2012)SWFC #H1014028026.50.53(;)Yang(2012)Stair No.2#a The speeds were converted to horizontal speeds.Y.Qu et al./Safety Science70(2014)189–201191station and the passengers can get on or off the train by the stair, and there is an escalator on one side of the stair to relieve the coun-tering passengerflows.Therefore,the pedestrianflow is a descend-ingflow.The schematic diagram of the observation stations is shown in Fig.1,and the information of the stairs is shown in Table3.A HD camera was set on the transfer hall to record the trail of each passenger.The observations in the subway stations were made during the afternoon rush hours of weekend(17:30–18:30,Sunday)on May 12,2013.In our observations,383pedestrians(216males,167 females)were collected at the selected staircases in Xidan Station, and221pedestrians(129males,92females)were collected in Sihui East Station.Most of the pedestrians were young and mid-dle-aged people,and their ages mostly ranged from25to55years old.The proportion of children and elderly was very low.In our observations,most of the pedestrians carried light bags and walked in a normal speed on staircases.Because the camera was not right above on the observed region, the passengers were sometimes overlapped in the video.Each pedestrian was recorded by individual characteristics,such as gen-der,age,body size,hair,shirt and pants.Then,the pedestrians were recognized by their features,entering and leaving time.The speed of each pedestrian was calculated by the travel time(leaving time minus entering time)dividing the travel distance on the stairs.The video recordings were processed semi-manually,and the dynamic evacuation characteristics,such as average density,speed andflow,were analyzed.Take Xidan station for example,the evac-uation dynamic characteristics and a snapshot were illustrated in Fig.2a–c).It was found that the curve of time-varying density was divided into several segments,and each segment represented a stream of pedestrians entering and leaving the stairs.During the observation,some measures,such asflow restriction and guidance, had been adopted to avoid crowdedness,so the density of pedestri-ans on stairs was in a normal(low)level.There were eight local maximum points exceeding1.0pedestrians/m2,and the maximal density was about1.6(1/m2).Velocity showed an opposite trend of density.The velocityfluc-tuated between0.4m/s and1.0m/s,and the average velocity was about0.57m/s.The volatility of individual velocities might be caused by different individual capability and desired velocity.In a low density,the pedestrians who walked fast would overtake front pedestrians who walked slowly and blocked them.When the density became larger,the pedestrians began to slow down and follow with others,and then queues might form on stairs.In Fig.2d),the acquainted or familiar people might walk abreast, which is regarded as‘subgroup behavior’(Yang et al.,2012).If they walked slower than the surrounding people,they would form a dynamic bottleneck.Additionally,lane-forming phenomenon was also found.In Fig.3a),the distributions of the speeds during the observa-tions followed normal distributions,which were similar with the reference(Peacock et al.,2012).The average velocities of walking upstairs and downstairs were0.55m/s and0.63m/s,respectively. Affected by gravity,going upstairs was slower than going down-stairs.By gathering the observed data of unidirectionalflow,the relationships between the velocity and the density were shown in Fig.3(b).The velocity decreased as the density increased.It should be noted that,in a low density,the velocity of going upstairs was a little higher than downstairs.It was because some of the pedestrians were hurried out of station and ran more than one steps at one time.3.Modeling the pedestrian’s movement on stairs3.1.Body shapesIn the existing models,the projection of a pedestrian’s body shape is usually regarded as a square(i.e.,Kirchner et al.,2004), a rectangular(i.e.,Song et al.,2006;Weng et al.,2007),a circle (i.e.,Helbing et al.,2000),an ellipse(i.e.,Chraibi et al.,2010)or a set of three circles(Thompson and Marchant,1995).In these geo-metrical shapes,the three-circle shape has some geometrical and computational advantages on modeling the staircase movement. First of all,the three-circle shape is a better alternative to describe the pedestrian’s body shape.It is because the occupied space of one pedestrian is restricted by the stairs,and the shoulder width of the pedestrian is larger than lateral width(Xu and Song,2009).In addi-tion,a pedestrian walks with a relative slow speed on stairs,and his/her space requirement keeps almost constant.Secondly,in social force model,the distance of closest approach of two pedes-trians is a key parameter when calculating the self-driven force, the repulsive force and the contact force.The closet distance between two single-circle or three-circle shapes can be easily cal-culated(Thompson and Marchant,1995);however,the calculation of the closest distance of two ellipses is surprisingly difficult (Zheng and Palffy-Muhoray,2007).For the convenience of calcula-tion,the three-circle shape is a better alternative than ellipse shape.Therefore,the three-circle shape is chosen to describe pedestrian’s body shape,and the schematic diagram is shown in Fig.4.3.2.Modified social force modelThe well-known social force model(Helbing and Molnar,1995; Helbing et al.,2000)is a microscopic force-based model that can reproduce several self-organized phenomena,such as lane form-ing,arching queue,shock waves and clogging effects(Helbing et al.,2005,2007;Moussaid et al.,2011).The model describes pedestrians’movement behavior by introducing the self-driven force~f Di,the contact force with pedestrians~f Cijand walls(obstacles) ~f Ciw.The self-driven force can be calculated by Eq.(1),and the total force~f exerted on pedestrian i can be formulated as Eq.(2).192Y.Qu et al./Safety Science70(2014)189–201~f D i ¼m ~m desiÀ~m isð1Þ~f i ¼~f D i þXj~f C ij þXw~f C iwð2ÞMoussaid et al.(2011)have proposed a heuristics-based modelto replace the social force with a heuristics intelligent optimum function,which can be regarded as a so-called collision prediction process.The model can overcome some difficulties in the original versions.Based on the model,we use the three-circle shape,intro-duce some special rules and establish an enhanced model todescribe the staircase movement.In our model,the modifications are concentrated on the calculations of optimal direction selection,self-driven force and contact force.3.2.1.Selecting optimal direction In Eq.(1),the desired velocity ~m des i can be obtained by the mag-nitude m des i multiplies by the direction ~e des iof desired velocity.The calculation of ~e desi is called ‘optimal direction selection’,which isTable 3Detailed step sizes.ID StationStep number Width (mm)Depth (mm)Height (mm)Gradient (°)Flow direction#O1Xidan Station 16240030014025.0Descending flow #O2Sihui East Station15190033015726.1Ascending flow(b) Change of pedestrian density with time inthe observation of staircase #O1(c) Change of pedestrian speed with time inthe observation of staircase #O1(d) A snapshot of the observations in staircase #O2(a) Change of pedestrian flow with time inthe observation of staircase #O1 Fig.2.Processed data and a snapshot.Y.Qu et al./Safety Science 70(2014)189–201193an important component of the model(Moussaid et al.,2011).In our work,the body shape is extended to three-circle shape,and the calculation becomes a little complex.To make a clear state-ment,some notation and definitions are given as follow:for pedes-trian i,the large circle’s radius is r i1,the small circle’s radius is r i2, the mass is M i,the maximum velocity is v0i,the location is~l i,the velocity is~m i and the desired destination is~D i.Assume that pedestrian i moves at the velocity v0i along the direction of direction a,and will contact with pedestrian j after D t time.The i0and j0represent the locations of i and j at time t+D t.Then,fðaÞ¼v0iÁD t is the distance to thefirst collision with other pedestrian or obstacle in the direction a.If no collision is expected to occur,f(a)is set to a default value d max,which repre-sents the‘maximum horizon distance’of pedestrian i.The calcula-tion of furthest distance without collision f(a)can be improved as follows:l ixm ðtþD tÞ¼l ixmðtÞþv ix D t;l iy mðtþD tÞ¼l iy mðtÞþv iy D tðm;n2f1;2;3gÞl jxn ðtþD tÞ¼l jxnðtÞþv jx D t;l jy nðtþD tÞ¼l jy nðtÞþv jy D tðl ixm ðtþD tÞÀl jxnðtþD tÞÞ2þðl iymðtþD tÞÀl jynðtþD tÞÞ2¼ðr imþr jnÞ2ð3ÞPut thefirst two items into the third item,we can get a qua-dratic equation with moving time D t.Given the locations and velocities of pedestrians i and j,the D t can be easily solved.Then, the value fða i m j nÞand dðaÞcan be calculated asfða i m j nÞ¼min f v i Deltat;d max g;fðaÞ¼min f fða i m j nÞg;aüargmin f dðaÞg dðaÞ¼d2maxþfðaÞÀ2d max fðaÞcosða0ÀaÞð4ÞThe optimal velocity direction~e¼ðcos aÃ;sin aÃÞ;here,aüargmin f dðaÞg is the optimal direction.Fig.5illustrates the calculation.3.2.2.Self-driven forces and contact forcesThe pedestrian’s staircase movement is a three-dimensional motion,which contains horizontal and vertical motion.Pedestrian should change his/her center of gravity to ascend or descend the stairs,which are shown in Fig.6(a)and(b).The complicated move-ment includes the pedestrian’s physiological activity and energy transformation.In our work,we mainly focus on the pedestrians’horizontal optimal choice and crowding behaviors,so the vertical motion is approximately regarded as a linear motion,which is shown in Fig.6(c).In horizontal motion,pedestrians not only over-take front people with slower speeds but also have to notice the steps and prevent themselves from falling down from stairs.To mathematically depict horizontal movement,some assumptions and rules are introduced to simplify the movement,which is illus-trated in Fig.6(d).Thefirst assumption is that a pedestrian wants to move forward within n steps(n is integer).And the pedestrian’s desired destina-tion of next footstep is the center of the forward step.For example, in Fig.6d),pedestrian often moves forward with integer steps,i.e., one step(point A)or two steps(point B).When he/she moves for-ward with non-integer step,i.e.,2.5steps(point C),he/she will move to the edge of the step,and may feel unstable,unsafe or even fall down from the stairs.Therefore,point C is not considered in our model.The pedestrian’s horizontal footstep length is defined as d h¼nDcos b,and is restricted by the tread depths D and riser heights H of the step.Here,b is the included angle between the optimal direction aÃand the x-coordinate.If the pedestrian is obstructed by other pedestrians or obstacles,he/she will slow down and avoid collision,and the footstep length does not exceed the maximal dis-tance fðaÃÞ(Eq.(4))in the optimal direction aÃ.Finally,the footstep length is expressed as:d h¼minnDcos b;fðaÃÞ&'ð5ÞAccording to the model(Moussaid et al.,2011),a pedestrian maintains a distance from thefirst obstacle in the chosen walking direction that ensures a time to collision of at least a relaxation time s.In other words,desired velocity of pedestrian i is formu-lated as v des i¼d h s.Additionally,pedestrian’s speed is assumed to not exceed a maximum velocity v max.Then,the horizontal maxi-mum velocity is v max cos h,and the angle h represents the slope of the stair tan h¼HÀÁ.The horizontal desired velocity v des i can be formulated as Eq.(6):v desi¼mind hs;vmaxcos hð6Þ(a) Probability distribution(b) Fundamental diagramFig.3.Speed and fundamental diagram of theobservations.194Y.Qu et al./Safety Science70(2014)189–201。

黄兴路步行街英文作文介绍Introducing Huangxing Road Pedestrian StreetHuangxing Road Pedestrian Street is a vibrant and bustling hub located in the heart of the city. This lively destination has become a popular gathering place for locals and tourists alike, offering a unique blend of shopping, dining, and cultural experiences.As you stroll along the tree-lined streets, you'll be immediately captivated by the energy and diversity that permeates the area. The pedestrian-only zone is a testament to the city's commitment to creating a walkable and accessible urban environment, allowing visitors to immerse themselves in the sights, sounds, and flavors of the local culture.One of the most striking features of Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street is the impressive array of shops and boutiques that line the streets. From high-end fashion retailers to independent artisanal vendors, the area boasts a diverse range of offerings to cater to every taste and budget. Whether you're in search of the latest designer trends, unique handcrafted goods, or traditional local products, you'll find a treasure trove of options to explore.As you wander through the bustling streets, you'll be captivated by the vibrant colors and intricate architectural details that adorn the buildings. The historic structures, many of which have been meticulously restored, serve as a testament to the area's rich cultural heritage, blending seamlessly with the modern elements that have been incorporated over time.The culinary landscape of Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street is equally impressive, with a diverse array of dining options that cater to a wide range of palates. From traditional local eateries serving up authentic regional specialties to trendy cafes and international restaurants, the area offers a veritable feast for the senses. Whether you're in the mood for a quick snack or a leisurely multi-course meal, you'll find an abundance of delectable choices to satisfy your cravings.Beyond the shopping and dining experiences, Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street also serves as a hub for cultural and artistic expression. The area is home to a number of galleries, performance venues, and public art installations, providing visitors with a glimpse into the city's thriving creative scene. From live music and theatrical productions to interactive art exhibits and cultural festivals, there is always something new and exciting to discover.One of the most captivating aspects of Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street is the sense of community and camaraderie that permeates the area. The pedestrian-friendly design encourages social interaction and fosters a sense of belonging, as locals and visitors alike gather to share in the energy and vibrancy of the space. Whether you're strolling hand-in-hand with a loved one, enjoying a lively conversation with friends, or simply people-watching from a cozy cafe, the sense of community is palpable and infectious.As the sun sets over Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street, the area takes on a new and enchanting character. The streets come alive with a dazzling array of illumination, from the twinkling lights of the shops and restaurants to the vibrant neon signs that add a touch of modern flair. The nighttime atmosphere is truly magical, inviting visitors to linger and soak in the enchanting ambiance.In conclusion, Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street is a truly remarkable destination that offers a unique and unforgettable experience for all who visit. Whether you're drawn to the vibrant shopping and dining options, the captivating cultural offerings, or the sheer energy and community spirit of the area, there is something for everyone to enjoy. So, the next time you find yourself in the city, be sure to make Huangxing Road Pedestrian Street a must-visit destination, and immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of this truly remarkable urban oasis.。

人行天桥作文英文回答：The pedestrian bridge, a modern architectural marvel, stands as a testament to human ingenuity and the desire to improve urban infrastructure. It gracefully spans wide roads and bustling intersections, providing a safe and convenient passage for pedestrians amidst the chaos of traffic.Pedestrian bridges are not mere structural necessities; they are often designed with aesthetic appeal, becoming landmarks that enhance the city's skyline. Their sleek lines, intricate designs, and strategic lighting create a visually pleasing sight, transforming utilitarianstructures into works of art.Beyond their functional and aesthetic attributes, pedestrian bridges play a crucial role in promoting pedestrian safety. They eliminate the need for pedestriansto cross busy roads, significantly reducing the risk of accidents and fatalities. By providing a dedicated and protected path, bridges empower pedestrians to navigate urban environments with confidence and ease.Furthermore, pedestrian bridges enhance accessibility for people with disabilities and seniors. They typically feature ramps, elevators, or escalators, ensuring that individuals with mobility impairments can access the bridge and cross the road safely. This inclusivity makes it possible for everyone to fully participate in the city's daily life.The environmental benefits of pedestrian bridges cannot be ignored. By encouraging walking, they promote ahealthier and more sustainable urban environment. Pedestrian-friendly infrastructure reduces air pollution and noise levels, creating a more pleasant and liveablecity for all.In conclusion, pedestrian bridges are indispensable elements of modern urban planning. They provide safe,convenient, and aesthetically pleasing passage for pedestrians, enhance accessibility, and contribute to a healthier and more sustainable environment. As cities continue to grow and evolve, pedestrian bridges will undoubtedly play an increasingly vital role in shaping our urban landscapes.中文回答：人行天桥，一座城市的现代建筑奇迹，见证了人类智慧和改善城市基础设施的渴望。

清明节的英语作文清明节的英语作文（通用42篇）在日常学习、工作或生活中，大家都写过作文吧，写作文可以锻炼我们的独处习惯，让自己的心静下来，思考自己未来的方向。

相信写作文是一个让许多人都头痛的问题，以下是小编为大家收集的清明节的英语作文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。

清明节的英语作文篇1Qingming Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in our country. It is not only the people of the worship of ancestors, cherish the memory of their ancestors Festival, is also the Chinese nation renjieguizong ties. The Tang Dynasty poet Du Mus poem "Qingming": "Qingming, the pedestrian on the road. I ask where there are restaurants nestling amidst Xinghuacun. "Write the special atmosphere of the Qing Ming Festival. People with bright fruit, paper money was.Go up the mountain and sweep the grave. On the day of the Qing Ming Festival, every family door is plugged in willow branches to tell people the Qingming Festival arrived. The most interesting thing is to eat eggs and cut the hair. On the day of the Qing Ming Festival, you must eat eggs, and there should be some onion in the egg. Because the onions and tcong are homophones, so the egg in the onion people called "clever egg" is also a clever egg. There is also the Qing Ming Festival must be cut on the day, cut the hair will become smart, so people call the "smart head". Its strange that you say it.This is our Qingming Festival, and I love the history of the 2500 and the unique Qingming Festival.清明节的英语作文篇2Qingming Festival, a sad day full of nostalgia, I came to themartyr cemetery with a heavy and reverent mood with my teacher and my classmates.We came to the high monument to mourn to the martyrs. The monument of great momentum, tall and magnificent, write eight characters: "vigorous life to the revolutionary martyrs!" Behind the monument is the lush pine and cypress, the ancient trees are all over the sky, and a glorious martyr is resting in the woods of the economy. Standing in front of the martyrs tomb, it is not caused by deep meditation and nostalgia for them.They are in a time of war, in order to protect our homes and defend our country, to people from the mire in life, dont shed, shed blood...... It is the comfortable living environment they exchanged for us. Todays peace is their life, and todays happiness is what they expect.In fact, the people did not forget them, put them buried here, is to be able to see them often, let more people remember them, so we can remember their generation after generation of descendants.Reverence is a dialogue, remembering the shock and indelible memory of the history of a baptism of blood and fire. The spirit of their hard work and the quality of their dedication will be our most valuable spiritual wealth, and will encourage our continuous efforts."The heaven and the earth have a positive atmosphere, and a mixed flow form. It is special, it is Sunstar." From our martyrs who, we can see the development of our Chengcheng, bones and spirit of these players and our passion, inspiration and vitality.Students, let us cherish the time, in front of the study hard, grow up to serve the motherland, let our martyrs in the lower in the rest! Let us hand martyrs passed the baton, for the future ofthe motherland and often new, not to look back, one after another!清明节的英语作文篇3The Qingming Festival is a Chinese holidays. In solar term, it is one of 24 solar term.In China 2000 years ago during the Qin and Han Dynasties has basically formed the 24 solar terms. 24 solar astronomy and meteorology etc. comprehensive knowledge, arranged a "spring cleaning day at spring, summer manwang summer. Autumn dew autumn frost, snow snow winter chill "ballad. The Qingming Festival is ranked in the fifth songs. Is lunar calendar in fifth solar term.At this time, the weather gets warmer, Spring returns to the earth, the recovery of all things, a vibrant, every door willow, sweep tombs and in the countryside. Farmers proverb there is "clear and bright in favor of millet" argument. Huaxinfeng as marked by florescence. The flower is a Hou Aegiceras, Rohmer spent two, three Hou Liu Hua pointed out, full flowering and Flower Festival air. "When the hundred year old question" that "all things are growing at the same time, clean and bright and clean, so that the Qingming festival".清明节的英语作文篇4On the qingming festival, as the poet said, "when the rain falls, the people on the road want to be broken... "Thinking of this, tears welled up in my eyes...My heart thought of the good and love of my grandparents, and I remembered the sacrifice of some revolutionary fighters in exchange for our happy new China.The revolutionary fighters gave their lives for national independence and national dignity. Some to bury the old worldcompletely, fight bravely, throw off the head, sprinkle blood; Some have sacrificed their youth for the prosperity and prosperity of the motherland during the peacebuilding period.Revolutionary fighters, in the face of the danger of life and death for the Chinese nation, you built the Great Wall with your own flesh and blood, and fought with the Japanese imperialist aggressors. You fall, but thousands of "people who do not want to be slaves" stand up, singing "march of the volunteers" and taking over your unfinished business; Soldiers, it is your spirit and strength to fight with the enemy in the love of the country and the people of the labor force, without fear of sacrifice and courage, and establish the new China, which is in charge of the peoples life. The soldiers. In socialist construction needs the most time, it is you go to the families and individuals of all, without hesitation, stand up, the precious life selflessly dedicate to the motherland and the people, the burning hot all over the motherland.We will always remember you, will cherish you to bring us a happy life!清明节的英语作文篇5The qingming festival comes once a year in spring. Because it is spring grass green, apricot blossom, my mother and I decided to go "outing".My mother and I went to the ecological park, and after we arrived at the ecological park, the beauty of spring attracted us deeply. We walked and enjoyed the Spring Festival.Then an apricot blossoms of flowers, it led me to the apricot flowers under the tree, I looked up and happened to be a apricot blossom in the breeze fluttered in my nose, above a few tree full of flowers, the ground under the tree, with countless apricotflowers, flowers here became a sea of flowers, I picked up in your hands the apricot flowers on the floor, apricot blossom like the white butterflies flying down.There was a spring breeze, and I was blown to the low shrubs that had just sprouted, and the bushes had been pruned by the gardener, some like little towers, some like cuboids, and all shapes and shapes.I looked up at the distance, and the sky was full of different kites, some like parachutes; Some are like butterflies; Some like the phoenix... . Of course I didnt want to fall behind. I quickly took out my kite and flew it, and the kite flew smoothly into the blue sky, flying higher and higher. .My kite is the highest flying, they all look at me and my kite with envious eyes. All of a sudden, the wind dropped their kite, and my kite flew high in the sky, and I enjoyed the feeling of pride.It was the happiest time I was born.清明节的英语作文篇6Today is Tomb-sweeping Day, families back home to the grave. Because it raining, so the road was slippery, but we went up the mountain.After a mountain road, we came to the tomb of "Tai Ye". My father and uncle cut off the weeds on the grave. Mother put the good food in front of the grave. My dear grandparents are healthy and long! " After that, grandma burned a pile of gold, yellow and yellow paper, and put out a string of long firecrackers. We collected things, went underground happily and went home.Although there was a lot of rain in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, we didn't feel tired at all.清明节的英语作文篇7the major custom in qingming festival is tomb sweeping.according to folk religion, the spirits of deceased ancestors still live underground and look after the family; the tombs are said to be their houses; thus it is very important to keep the tombs clean.the qingming festival is spent honoring the dead, which is one of many ways good confucians demonstrate filial piety. on this day, people visit their family graves to remove any underbrush that has grown. they would uproot weeds near the gravesites, wipe the tombstones and decorate the tombstones with fresh flowers. and then they will set out offerings of food and paper money.清明节的英语作文篇8Last Qingming Festival,i return home to worship my grandfather.Qingming Festival is a folk Festival.In the past,In the past, the Qingming Festival was called Arbor Day. But Today, Chinese visit their family graves to tend to any underbrush that has grown. Weeds are pulled, and dirt swept away, and the family will set out offerings of food and spirit money.Unlike the sacrifices at a familys home altar, the offerings at the tomb usually consist of dry, bland food. One theory is that since any number of ghosts rome around a grave area, the less appealing food will be consumed by the ancestors, and not be plundered by strangers.清明节的英语作文篇9In some provinces of China people use different activities to commemorate this day for instance spring-outing swinging tree planting and making special food. One special food is Ay Tsao rice balls. It looks like Tang-yuan but its colour is green. Mix the ay tsao juice with the rice powder then make it into small balls. The Ay Tsao rice ball is done. People believe that eating ay tsao rice balls can get rid of the bad luck and everything will gosmoothly. Other activities such as spring outing tree planting are the other ways to commemorate the forbears. For one thing it is a sign that people should look into the future and embrace the hope; for another thing we do hope our ancestor rest in peace. 清明节的英语作文篇10Today, my father and I went to visit the grave, and I went to the mountain with my father's car.On the way, I looked out of the window. The scenery outside the window is beautiful, flowers and trees, green trees shade."It's raining during the tomb-sweeping day." We stepped on the muddy mountain road, and went to the mountain. At last, we arrived at the tomb of tai-gong, the great-grandmother, and grandpa ordered a handful of incense, giving each of us three incense sticks, and we worshipped the tomb of the taichung.When we had finished, we began to give to taigong, who burned the money and the gold and silver in the underworld. When we had finished, we worshiped again and left.清明节的英语作文篇11The Qingming Festival is a traditional Chinese festival,which falls on April 5. With most trees turning green,spring comes,and the Qingming Festival approaches,too.The holiday is often marked by Chinese people paying respects to their ancestors.People often hold some ceremonies at grave sietes by bringing some flowers and sweeping the tomb.Then all the familly members sit together to talk about the family history and share traditional meals. The Qingming Festival gives all of us an opportunity to show gratitude to our ancestors.It is because of their achievements that we have a happy life today.清明节的英语作文篇12It"s one of the traditional Festivals of Chinese. And it"s a dayin honour to Quyuan,who is one of the greatest poet in China. Qingming is also one of the 24seasonal division points in China.It is may 5th on April in every year. On that day, people will free of work or school that in memory of their ancestors. Besides parents will take their children to the countryside, where they may have a picinc. As the festival is in spring, It"s warm and comfortable, families often go to parks to fly the kites.This is the Qingming Festival, I hope you can come here next year during Qingming Festival.清明节的英语作文篇13Today is one of the 24 solar terms. It"s sunny. I went to the grave for an outing with my grandparents.When I arrived at Nanshan cemetery, I saw the tombs of Tai Gong and Tai Po. We first set out the sacrificial things, lit candles and began to burn yellow paper and toilet paper, which are necessary for tomb sweeping. After a while, we each worshipped three times, so we finished sweeping the tomb. Then we walk and enjoy the scenery. There are many camellias and tea trees nearby. Its branches are soft, and its branches and leaves are tender, green and very beautiful.Qingming Festival is a day to worship our ancestors and a good time for outing. I really benefited a lot from this tomb sweeping.清明节的英语作文篇14In some provinces of China people use different activities to commemorate this day for instance spring-outing swinging tree planting and making special food. One special food is Ay Tsao rice balls. It looks like Tang-yuan but its colour is green. Mix the ay tsao juice with the rice powder then make it into small balls.The Ay Tsao rice ball is done. People believe that eating aytsao rice balls can get rid of the bad luck and everything will go smoothly. Other activities such as spring outing tree planting are the other ways to commemorate the forbears. For one thing it is a sign that people should look into the future and embrace the hope; for another thing we do hope our ancestor rest in peace. 清明节的英语作文篇15On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed.The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the diseased. Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.清明节的英语作文篇16In classical Chinese poetry, I like to read a poem written by Du Mu, the great poet of the Tang Dynasty. It's called Qingming.I ask where there are restaurants? The shepherd shakes Xinghuacun. " Because this poem describes my hometown.My hometown is in Chizhou, Anhui province. Chizhou is a beautiful place. The most beautiful is Xinghuacun.Listen to mom, every year to the Qingming Festival, there are all kinds of rape, golden, golden and yellow flowers in Xinghuacun. In the sea of flowers, you can also contribute, people sweep their tombs, cherish their ancestors, fly kites, go outing, enjoy the good time.I feel very proud and proud of my hometown.清明节的英语作文篇17On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites of the dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the diseased. Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.清明节的英语作文篇18Today is the Tomb Sweeping Day. It is a traditional festival in China and the most important festival for sacrifice. It is a day for ancestor worship and tomb sweeping.I can"t wait to go with my father to burn paper for Grandpa. Dad"s hometown is Dongda. There are many people selling burning paper on both sides of the road today. Dad bought some burning money, some paper clothes and candles on the way.Grandpa"s graveyard is in a peach garden. The peach blossoms are pink and dazzling. Dad"s uncles, and aunts came to the cemetery one after another. Everyone put the sacrificial items they bought in front of the tombstone.清明节的英语作文篇19Today is T omb Sweeping Day. It"s drizzling in the sky. I went to visit the grave with my father, grandfather, uncle and brother. We climbed many mountains, walked many roads, and finally reached the first stop. Everyone began to get busy. I was too young to stand and watch. After cleaning, we set off for thesecond stop.At the second stop, I saw that the grave was full of wild flowers and trees, and the grave was black and dirty. Dad came forward and cut up wild trees, uncle and Grandpa were pulling weeds, and brother was sweeping leaves. After a while, after cleaning, I saw that the grave was clean. I quickly put flowers in front of the grave.清明节的英语作文篇20Today is the Qingming Festival, a traditional festival in China, and the most important festival of sacrifice. It is the day of ancestor worship and tomb sweeping.I can't wait to go with my father to burn paper for Grandpa. Dad's hometown is Dongda. There are many people selling burning paper on both sides of the road today. Dad bought some burning money, some paper clothes and candles on the way.Grandpa's graveyard is in a peach garden. The peach blossoms are pink and dazzling. Dad's uncles, and aunts came to the cemetery one after another. Everyone put the sacrificial items they bought in front of the tombstone. There are fruits, cakes and candles. Then put the burning paper together and light it. There was an aunt lying in front of the tomb crying sadly. I think she must miss her relatives.清明节的英语作文篇21April 4th is the Tomb-sweeping Day in China, which is one of the most important traditional festivals. The young people will come back home and sweep tomb with their families. The meaning of Tomb-sweeping Day is to honor the ancestors and it has more than 2500 years' history. Chinese people pay special attention to remember their ancestors, so no matter how far they are, they always know where they are from. When they are old,they will return to the place where they are from. It is a good tradition. The sense of belonging makes people feel safe. What's more, the relationship between relatives makes the whole family become stronger, because people are united by the same ancestors. Thus, they treat each other as families and give support all the time. What a great tradition it is.清明节的英语作文篇22Today is April 5, the Tomb Sweeping Day. On that day, I went back to my hometown to go to my grandmother's grave.It's already more than 4:00 p.m. when I got there, I went to the cemetery with my father, mother, aunt, second grandfather and second grandmother. When we got there, we first went to the grave of the deceased grandfather and grandmother, and then to the grave of the deceased grandfather and my grandmother. I felt very sad to see the sad faces of the adults.Tomb Sweeping Day is a day to remember our ancestors. Through this experience, I found that it is a custom in my hometown that people should bring wine, food, fruits, paper money and other things to the cemetery. Offer food to his relatives' graves, burn paper money to him, cultivate new soil for the cemetery, and then kowtow to worship.清明节的英语作文篇23My hometown is in the beautiful scenery, pleasant climate of the Yellow Sea coast and Lingshan Bay. When the warm spring breeze blows the green land, Qingming Festival is also coming quietly.Qingming rain have, the pedestrian on the road". Qingming is a tradition of thinking of the ancestors of the festival, in the past, in the Qing Ming Festival, people in hometown will burn incense and burn paper before the ancestors' grave, in order toexpress their memory. In the new era, people's ideas are also changing, discarding stereotypes, now more flowers instead of burning incense and burning paper, both environmental and new civilized social atmosphere.In remembering our ancestors' festivals, we should not only recall the brilliant achievements of our ancestors, but also carry them forward.清明节的英语作文篇24Tomb-sweeping Day that day, my mother and I went to the wild side of the river for the passing of Grandpa paper money.Along the way, the Grandpa courteous and accessible face always appeared in my eyes, remember there is a Grandpa take me to the sea fishing boat to play, as I have fun when suddenly a few big wasp, in my head around, I burst into tears, Grandpa see. No, the hands are dry, ran, waving his hands as I drive wasps, finally the Hornet is away, but Grandpa face was stung several... But now you are away from us. Grandpa, I really miss you.After the sacrifice, I picked up a little flower and put it in the river. I wish the little flower would bring endless thoughts to me, hoping that Grandpa would walk in the heaven and grandpa will always live in our hearts.清明节的英语作文篇25April 4th is the Tomb-sweeping Day in China, which is one of the most important traditional festivals. The young people will come back home and sweep tomb with their families. The meaning of Tomb-sweeping Day is to honor the ancestors and it has more than 2500 years' history. Chinese people pay special attention to remember their ancestors, so no matter how far they are, they always know where they are from. When they are old, they will return to the place where they are from. It is a goodtradition.The sense of belonging makes people feel safe. What's more, the relationship between relatives makes the whole family become stronger, because people are united by the same ancestors. Thus, they treat each other as families and give support all the time. What a great tradition it is.清明节的英语作文篇26On each Qingming Festival， all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries bees extremely jammed. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs， people offer food， flowers and favorites of the dead，then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the diseased. Also， they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.清明节的英语作文篇27Qing Ming Jie(All Souls' Day) Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed. More important, it is a period to honour and to pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members. Because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety, Qing Ming is a major Chinese festival. Literally meaning "clear" (Qing) and "bright" (Ming), this Chinese festival falls in early spring, on the 106th day after the winter solstice. It is a "spring" festival, and it is an occasion for the whole family to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears. Chinese being practical people this sweeping of the graves is given an extended period, that is, 10 days before and after清明节的英语作文篇28In April 5th, the sunny calendar is the Qingming Festival in April 5th. Qingming Festival is a festival for us to remember and honor our ancestors. This year, I celebrated my ancestors with my family.First, Grandpa and dad dug two cemetery hats on the grave, my mother and I were responsible for burning paper money. Grandma's task was to cut down the weeds around the grave. Then, my mother and mother marked the clear paper, mother told me to it with clear paper or put it on it with stone, so that the family had come. Finally, we all stand in a row, standing in front of our ancestors' grave, silently praying.I think it's good today! One side can also go outing. Next year's Qingming Festival, I have to come again!清明节的英语作文篇29joozone editors note: qing ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed. more important, it is a period to honour and to pay respect to ones deceased ancestors and family members. because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety, qing ming is a major chinese festival.literally meaning "clear" (qing) and "bright" (ming), this chinese festival falls in early spring, on the 106th day after the winter solstice. it is a "spring" festival, and it is an occasion for the whole family to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears.chinese being practical people this sweeping of the graves is given an etended period, that is, 10 days before and after qing ming day.among some dialect groups a whole month is allocated. 清明节的英语作文篇30Qing Ming Jie(All Souls Day)Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearlydeparted. More imnt, it is a period to honour and to pay respect to ones deceased ancestors anily members. Because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety, Qing Ming is a majornese festival.Literally meaning "clear" (Qing) and "bright" (Ming), this Chinese festival falls rly spring, on the 106th day after the winter solstice. It is a "spring" festival, ans an occasion for the whole family to leave the home and to sweep the gravesheir forebears. Chinese being practical people this sweeping of the graves is gin extended period, that is, 10 days before and after Qing Ming day. Among soalect groups a whole month is allocated.清明节的英语作文篇31Joozone Editor"s Note: Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed. More important, it is a period to honour and to pay respect to one"s deceased ancestors and family members. Because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety, Qing Ming is a major Chinese festival.Literally meaning "clear" (Qing) and "bright" (Ming), this Chinese festival falls in early spring, on the 106th day after the winter solstice. It is a "spring" festival, and it is an occasion for the whole family to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears. Chinese being practical people this sweeping of the graves is given an extended period, that is, 10 days before and after Qing Ming day.Among some dialect groups a whole month is allocated.清明节的英语作文篇32On each Qingming Festival, all cemeteries are crowded with people who came to sweep tombs and offer sacrifices. Traffic on the way to the cemeteries becomes extremely jammed. The customs have been greatly simplified today. After slightly sweeping the tombs, people offer food, flowers and favorites ofthe dead, then burn incense and paper money and bow before the memorial tablet.This is the most important day of sacrifice. Both the Han and minority ethnic groups at this time offer sacrifices to their ancestors and sweep the tombs of the diseased. Also, they will not cook on this day and only cold food is served.清明节的英语作文篇33Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed。

全国交通安全日英语作文带翻译全国交通安全日英语作文带翻译（通用24篇）Traffic safety and our relationship is very close, it is like our friends. Days and nights are kept at our side, education we, admonish us.Life is precious, life is only one life, we should cherish life. Pay attention to traffic safety and the value of a part of life. Now because there are too many people in the traffic accident and killed, aren't they die too wronged?Traffic safety, we should keep in mind. More important, is to know the traffic safety common sense: first of all, pedestrians must walk on the pedestrian passageway, no pavement on the right to walk; Cross the road must take crossings (zebra crossing); Through the pedestrian crossing traffic signal control, must abide by the provisions of the signal; Through the no traffic signal control of the pavement and to glance left and right, pay attention to traffic, not chasing, running; When someone line bridge or tunnel crossing the street, you must go to bridge or tunnel pedestrian street; And are not allowed to climb the road guardrail, police in the road, allowed to pull cars on the road, chase cars, or forced lanche parabolic blow cars.So, under the condition of traffic light, what should you do? Don't try so hard, please see: when the green light to allow pedestrians through the zebra crossing; Green light flashing, no pedestrians entering the crosswalk, but has entered the pedestrian crossing can continue to pass; No pedestrians into the pedestrian crossing when the red light is on.As long as you take these traffic safety in mind in the heart, then it is your best best friend. It will always protect you, to giveyou happiness.交通安全与我们的关系是非常密切的，它就像我们的朋友。

关于禁止行人通过,英语作文The Necessity and Challenges of Implementing Pedestrian Exclusions.In the modern urban landscape, the flow of traffic is a constant and vital pulse that drives the rhythm of life in cities. However, this pulse can often come at a cost to the safety and convenience of pedestrians. The debate over whether to implement pedestrian exclusions—areas where pedestrians are prohibited from crossing the road—is a complex one that involves considerations of safety, efficiency, and urban planning.Safety Concerns.The primary argument for pedestrian exclusions is safety. In areas with heavy traffic or high-speed roadways, pedestrian crossings can become hazardous zones where accidents are more likely to occur. By removing the option for pedestrians to cross at these locations, the risk ofcollisions is significantly reduced. This is particularly important in areas where visibility is limited or where traffic volumes are particularly high.Efficiency of Traffic Flow.Another argument for pedestrian exclusions is the efficiency of traffic flow. In busy intersections, pedestrian crossings can cause significant delays for motorists, leading to congestion and frustration. By removing pedestrian crossings at certain locations, traffic can flow more smoothly, reducing delays and improving the overall efficiency of the road network.Urban Planning Considerations.However, the decision to implement pedestrian exclusions is not solely based on safety and efficiency. Urban planners must also consider the needs and convenience of pedestrians. Excluding pedestrians from certain areas can make it more difficult for them to access essential services or reach their destinations. This can beparticularly problematic in areas where publictransportation options are limited or where sidewalks are narrow or non-existent.Alternatives to Pedestrian Exclusions.To address these concerns, urban planners can consider alternatives to traditional pedestrian exclusions. For example, they can implement signalized crossings or pedestrian bridges at key locations to allow pedestrians to safely cross the road. These measures can provide a balance between pedestrian safety and convenience while also maintaining the efficiency of traffic flow.Public Education and Enforcement.In addition to implementing physical infrastructure changes, it is also crucial to educate the public about the importance of pedestrian safety and to enforce traffic laws. Public education campaigns can raise awareness among pedestrians and motorists about the need to share the road safely. Enforcement measures, such as fines for jaywalkingor speeding, can help ensure that traffic laws are followed and that pedestrians are protected.Conclusion.The debate over pedestrian exclusions is a complex one that involves multiple factors. While there are valid arguments for implementing these measures to improve safety and efficiency, it is also important to consider the needs and convenience of pedestrians. By taking a balanced approach that combines infrastructure changes, public education, and enforcement measures, we can create safer and more accessible urban environments for all road users.。

写给过马路玩手机的英语作文The Perils of Pedestrian Distractions: The Dangers of Crossing the Road While Using Mobile Phones.The proliferation of mobile phones has revolutionized the way we communicate, access information, and navigate our daily lives. However, the ubiquitous presence of these devices has also introduced a new set of hazards, particularly among pedestrians. Crossing the road while using mobile phones has become a common sight, but it is a practice that carries significant risks.The human brain is a remarkable organ, capable of processing vast amounts of information and performing complex tasks. However, when we divide our attention between multiple activities, our cognitive abilities diminish. Using mobile phones while crossing the road impairs our ability to focus on the task at hand, reducing our reaction times and increasing our risk of accidents.Studies have consistently shown that pedestrian distractions are a major contributing factor to road accidents. A study conducted by the National HighwayTraffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) found that pedestrians using mobile phones were four times more likely to be involved in a collision than those who were not. Another study, published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine, revealed that pedestrian injuries related to mobile phone use increased by 35% between 2004 and 2010.The consequences of pedestrian distraction can be severe. Collisions involving pedestrians using mobile phones often result in serious injuries, including head trauma, broken bones, and even death. In the United States, an average of over 6,000 pedestrians are injured or killed in crashes involving distracted walking each year.Beyond the physical risks, pedestrian distraction also poses a significant psychological hazard. When we are distracted, we are less aware of our surroundings and less able to respond to unexpected events. This can lead to feelings of anxiety and stress, which can further impairour judgment and increase our risk of accidents.Recognizing the dangers of pedestrian distraction, many jurisdictions have implemented laws and regulations to discourage the use of mobile phones while crossing the road. In some countries, such as the United Kingdom, it isillegal to use a mobile phone while crossing the road at a pedestrian crossing. Other jurisdictions have introduced fines or other penalties for pedestrians caught usingmobile phones while crossing the road.While laws and regulations can help to deter pedestrian distraction, it is ultimately up to individuals to take responsibility for their own safety. By choosing to put away our mobile phones and focus on the task of crossingthe road, we can significantly reduce our risk of accidents and protect ourselves and others from harm.Here are some tips for staying safe while crossing the road:Put away your mobile phone and other electronicdevices before you reach the crossing.Pay attention to the traffic around you and make eye contact with drivers.Cross the road at designated pedestrian crossings, and obey the traffic signals.If you must use your mobile phone while crossing the road, do so sparingly and only when it is safe to do so.Crossing the road while using mobile phones is a dangerous practice that can have severe consequences. By understanding the risks and taking simple steps to avoid distractions, we can protect ourselves and others from harm. Let us all commit to making our roads safer by putting away our mobile phones and paying attention to our surroundings when crossing the road.。

the pedestrian译文《行人》
从前有一段大雨的夜晚
我独自一人走在街上
这街道清冷而空旷
除了我，没有别的行人
我来到一个十字路口
望着亮灯的交通信号灯
绿灯亮起，我就向前走
红灯亮起，我就停在原地
突然，一个警察出现了
他向我走来，站在我身边
他看着我，露出了满意的笑容
然后对我说，很好，很好
接着，他走到路中央
抬起手臂，勾勒出一个大圆
他的动作迅速又流畅
仿佛在驱散一片黑暗
突然，车流停了下来
驾驶员们纷纷下车
他们对着我的警察行礼
这一幕，让我感到吃惊
我看着他们离开现场
继续行走在空旷的街道
我想起那个大圆的手势
似乎是对我说，很好，很好。