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TJ语法训练1. Would you ____ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?A.look aroundB.look intoC.look upD.look through2. The fact that she never apologized ____ a lot about what kind of person she is.A.saysB.talksC.appearsD.declares3. Jim sold most of his things.He has hardly ____ left in the house.A.anythingB.everythingC.nothing Dsomething4. He telephoned the travel agency to ___ three air tickets to London.A.orderB.arrangeC.takeD.book5. Thousands of foreigners were ___ to the Shanghai world Expo the day it opened.A.attendedB.attained.C.attractedD.attached6. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ___.A.exchangeB.bargainC.tradeD.business7. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly ___.A.atmosphereB.stateC.situationD.phenomenon8. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ___ he wanted to sit next to his wife.A.beforeB.untilC.asD.since9. He keeps telling his students that the future ___ to the well-educated.A.belongsB.is belongedC.is belongingD.will be belonged10. –Has she had much ___ in teaching English?--No. She is just a new hand.A.baseB.futureC.energyD.experience11. The medicine tastes ___, but works ___.A.bitter;wellB.bitter;goodC.bitterly;wellD.bitterly;good12.The artist was poor , ____ poor he remained all his life.A.andB.orC.butD.so13. I smell something ___ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?A.burningB.burntC.being burntD.to be burnt14. It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ___ my friend.A.turn outB.bring outC.call outD.pick out15. Start out right away, ___you’ll miss the first train.A.andB.butC.orD.while16. We are trying to ring you back,but we think we ___ your number incorrectly.A.looked upB.took downC.worked outD.brought about17. —Victor looks unhappy.—Yes,he always ______ our success.A.cheersB. enviesC. admiresD. stops18. Wait till you are more ______. It’s better to be sure than sorry.A.inspiredB. satisfiedC. calmD. certain19. The football team of No.1 middle school invited us to a match and we decided to accept the ______.A.chanceB. challengeC. matchD. opportunity20. They use smell, sounds and movements to _____ with other animals.A. talkB. speakC. communicateD. say21. ---The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets.---Yes. But I’m sure something will be done to _____ air pollustion.A. reduceB. removeC. collectD. warn22. I bought a shirt because it was good in quality and ______ in price.A. reasonableB. valuableC. comfortableD. enjoyable23. I want to go into the sea. I’d rather lie on the ______.A. coastB. bankC. beachD. seaside24. I have a lot of readings ____ before the end of this term.A completingB to completeC completedD being completed25. The loss has not yet been ____ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.A calculatedB consideredC completedD controlled26. Some parents are just too protective. They want to____their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spotB. dismissC. shelterD. distinguish27. The twins looks almost alike, so many people could not____them.A.tellB. recognizeC. distinguishD. classify28. --- The weather has been very hot and dry.---Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables__.A.wouldn’t dieB. didn’t dieC. hadn’t dieD. wouldn’t have died29. The boy threw a stone into the river which ____the smooth surface of the water.A. brokeB. disturbedC. botheredD. interrupted30. “We must keep a secret of the things___here,” the general said ____ at the man in charge of information office.A. having been discussed; and seriously staringB. to be discussed; seriously staredC. discussed; and stared seriouslyD. being discussed; seriously staring.31. _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms to their land.A.Being encouragedB. EncouragingC. EncouragedD. Having encouraged32. Daniel’s family ______ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.A. are enjoyingB. are to enjoyC. will enjoyD. will be enjoying33. The school’s music group will give a big show tomorrow night and two ___ on the weekend.A.moreB. otherC. elseD. another34. Five multiplied ____ six ___thirty.A.By; equalsB. by; areC. with; isD. with; equals35. The ＿＿on his face told me that he was angry.A. impressionB. sightC. appearanceD. expression36. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into＿＿.A. factB. realityC. practiceD. deed1，look around 环顾，检查look into 调查，观察look up 好转；查(字典)；看望；(to)尊敬look through (从头至尾)浏览；详尽核查16bring about 导致,引起take down 记下；拿下work out 采空的；被算出1-5,DAADC 6-10,BACAD 11-15,AAADC 16-20,BBDBC 21-25,AACBA 26-30,CCDBC 31-36,CDAADC。
托福模拟考试及答案解析（11）(1~12/共51题)阅读理解THE TRICKSTER FIGURE IN MYTHOLOGY 1 In the study of mythology, the character known as the trickster is a god, spirit, human, or animal who breaks the rules of the gods or nature, sometimes maliciously but usually with results that are positive. The rule breaking often takes the form of mischief or thievery. The trickster is usually male but occasionally disguises himself in female form. He can be cunning or foolish, or both, and often very humorous. His curiosity leads him into trouble, but he rescues himself with his sly wit. When he plays tricks, he performs important cultural tasks that benefit humans, and for this reason the trickster is a significant figure in world mythology.2 In different cultures, the trickster and the hero are combined in various ways. In Greek mythology, Prometheus steals fire from the gods and gives it to humans, a feat making him more of a hero than a trickster, and he is usually portrayed as an intellectual. In many Native American stories, Coyote also steals fire from the gods, but Coyote is usually more of a jokester or a prankster than an intellectual.3 The trickster is both creator and destroyer, giver and taker, one who tricks others and is tricked in return. The pranks of the trickster are compulsive and uncontrollable. He does not act consciously; he acts out of passion and impulse. He knows neither good nor evil, yet he is responsible for both. He possesses no morals, yet through his behavior morality comes into being. According to psychologist Carl Jung, the trickster is "a primitive cosmic being of divine-animal nature, on the one hand superior to man because of his superhuman qualities, and on the other hand inferior to him because of his unreason and unconsciousness."4 In Native American mythology, the majority of trickster myths concern the creation or transformation of the earth. Such stories have a trickster who is always wandering, who is always hungry, who is not guided by normal ideas of good and evil, and who possesses some magical powers. In some stories he is a deity, and in others he is an animal or human that is subject to death. Several of these myths feature Raven or Coyote as the trickster-hero.5 In many creation myths of the Pacific Northwest, Raven illustrates the transformational nature of tricksters. Raven is the greatest shapeshifter of all and can change into anything to get what he wants. In one story, there is darkness at the beginning of the world, so Raven decides he will find light. He flies far from the earth, searching in the darkness, until he spots a glimmer of light coming from a window in the house of the gods. Raven knows the gods are protective of their possessions, so he devises a trick. He perches on a pine branch next to the house and watches each day as the chief god's daughter draws water from a nearby lake. He magically transforms himself into a pinyon seed and falls into the girl's drinking cup. The girl swallows the seed, which grows within her body, and she eventually gives birth to a boy. The child delights his grandparents, and his laughter tricks the elder gods into revealing where they hide a shining ball of light. The gods give the child the ball to play with, and then Raven transforms back to a bird and flies off carrying the ball of light in his beak. He hangs the ball—the sun—in the sky, thereby bringing light to the world.6 Coyote's character is similar to that of Raven, and both appear in stories carrying out similar roles. In several stories from the American Southwest, Coyote steals fire from a group of "fire beings" and gives it to humans. In some tales Coyote wants to make human life more interesting, so he introduces sickness, sorrow, and death. He often teaches through negativeexample by employing the human vices of lying, cheating, and stealing. His tricks often bring about destructive natural phenomena, such as a great flood that destroys the earth. However, by causing the flood, Coyote leads the human race to a new and better world. Coyote shows us that at the heart of the trickster is a savior whose great gift to humans is showing them new ways of knowing and doing.Glossary:mischief: tendency to play tricks or cause minor troublethievery: the act of theft; stealingpinyon seed: the seed of a pine tree; pine nut第1题The word maliciously in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA.destructivelyB.falselyC.bravelyD.mistakenly第2题Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 1 ? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.In world mythology, every important aspect of human culture is the result of the trickster's behavior.B.The trickster develops human culture by tricking people into performing dangerous cultural tasks.C.When the trickster wants to be helpful, he devises a trick that will teach people what is important.D.The trickster is an important mythological character because his tricks contribute positively to human culture.第3题The author discusses Prometheus and Coyote in paragraph 2 in order toA.illustrate two different views of the trickster-heroB.explain how humans received the gift of fireC.argue that the trickster is an intellectual heroD.encourage readers to study world mythology第4题The word pranks in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA.funny storiesplex plansC.mischievous actsD.divine traits第5题All of the following are traits of the trickster EXCEPTA.a desire to break the rulesB.the ability to disguise himselfC.superhuman powersD.awareness of good and evil第6题Native American stories with a trickster-hero are usually aboutA.the victory of good over evilB.the creation or transformation of the worldC.the struggle to control one's natureD.the punishment of humans by the gods第7题The word spots in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA.imaginesB.transformsC.locatesD.destroys第8题The author tells a story about Raven in which the tricksterA.gives humans the gift of fireB.changes into a young girlC.steals the sun from the godsD.causes a destructive flood第9题The word savior in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toA.one who wants total powerB.one who rescues others from harmC.one who causes terrible sufferingD.one who cares about only himself第10题It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which statement about the trickster?A.The trickster is responsible for many serious problems in the world today.B.The trickster shows us that there is no difference between good and evil.C.The trickster serves as an explanation for creation, change and renewal.D.The trickster teaches children that lying and stealing are acceptable behavior.第11题Look at the four squares, A, B, C, and D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Like Raven, Coyote is a master transformer whose mischievous power is responsible for events that benefit humanity.Coyote's character is similar to that of Raven, and both appear in stories carrying out similar roles.A In several stories from the American Southwest, Coyote steals fire from a group of "fire beings" and gives it to humans. In some tales Coyote wants to make human life more interesting, so he introduces sickness, sorrow, and death.B He often teaches through negative example by employing the human vices of lying, cheating, and stealing.C His tricks often bring about destructive natural phenomena, such as a great flood that destroys the earth. However, by causing the flood, Coyote leads the human race to a new and better world.D Coyote shows usthat at the heart of the trickster is a savior whose great gift to humans is showing them new ways of knowing and doing.第12题Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the trickster that they describe. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 3 points. Answer ChoicesA. Introduces sickness, sorrow, and death to make life more interestingB. Transforms into various shapes to achieve his purposesC. Appears as an intellectual hero in stories of good and evilD. Creates a ball of silver light that becomes the moonE. Changes into a seed to gain entrance to the house of the godsF. Causes a great flood and then leads humans to a better worldG. Brings light to the world by playing a trick on the godsRaven●●●Coyote●●下一题(13~25/共51题)阅读理解DADA AND POP ART 1 Dada was a subversive movement in the arts that flourished mainly in France, Switzerland, and Germany from 1916 to 1923. Dada was based on the principles of deliberate irrationality, disorder, and anarchy. Dada protested all forms of authority and convention. It rejected laws of beauty and social organization and attempted to discover authentic reality through the destruction of traditional culture and aesthetic forms. In Dada there was only one rule: Never follow any established rules. There was no predominant medium; however, assemblage, collage, and photomontage were techniques frequently employed. Dadaist art was nonsensical, impulsive, and often playful. The movement's founders included the French artist Jean Arp and the writers Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball. At a meeting of young artists in 1916 in Zurich, one of them inserted a paper knife into a French-German dictionary. The knife pointed to the word dada, a French baby-talk word for a hobby-horse, which the group saw as an appropriate term for their anti-art.2 Dada emerged from despair over the First World War and disgust for the conservative values of society. Dada was the first expression of protest against the war. Dadaists used absurdity to create artworks that mocked society yet defied intellectual analysis, such as the use of "found" objects in sculptures and installations. The forerunner of the Dadaists, and ultimately their leading member, was Marcel Duchamp, who in 1913 created his first "ready-made," the Bicycle Wheel, consisting of a wheel mounted on the seat of a stool. In his effort to discourage aesthetics, Duchamp shocked the art establishment with these ready—mades—manufactured objects that he selected and exhibited—including a bottle rack and a comb. The Dada movement extended to literature and music and became international after the war. In the United States themovement was centered in New York City. Dadaists on both sides of the Atlantic had one goal in common: to demolish current aesthetic standards.3 Fifty years after the Dadaists, another generation of artists reacted to the standards and values of society. However, instead &rejecting ordinary things, the young artists of the Pop movement of the 1960s embraced them. Pop artists were curious about the commercial media of ads, billboards, newsprint, television, and all aspects of popular culture. Thus, the barrier between "high" and "low" art collapsed, which the Dadaists had aimed for and the Pop artists attained with an energy not seen before.4 Pop art received its name from critic Lawrence Alloway, who considered Pop to be the culture of the mass media, photographs, and posters—a style that must be popular, transitory, and witty. The subject matter of Pop art was derivative, depicting something that had already been published or produced, such as comic strips, soft-drink bottles, and photographs of movie stars. Pop art caught on quickly; it was art about mass consumption that was eagerly consumed by the masses.5 The most popular of the Pop artists was the painter Roy Lichtenstein. Lichtenstein painted enlarged copies of the least "arty" things he could find: romance and adventure comic strips. He was the first American artist to react to comic strips, finding beauty in these crude designs, along with a distinct sense of style. Lichtenstein also painted other pictorial styles, including blowups of other artists' brushstrokes and parodies of Cubism and Art Deco.6 Andy Warhol, more than any other Pop artist, took on the mind-numbing overload of American mass culture. Warhol began his career as a commercial illustrator, and in 1962 he had his first exhibition in an art gallery, where he showed his 32 Campbell's Soup Cans. The thirty-two soup cans are about sameness: same brand, same size, same paint surface, and same fame. They mimic the condition of mass advertising. All of Warhol's work flowed from one central insight: mass culture is filled with images that become meaningless by being repeated again and again, and in this glut of information is a role for art. Warhol felt this and embodied it. He conveyed a collective state of mind in which celebrity—a famous brand name or the image of a famous person—had completely replaced sacredness in art.Glossary:aesthetic: relating to beauty; artistic第13题According to the passage, the main goal of the Dada movement was toA.stimulate public interest in artB.change the goals of art educationC.destroy traditional standards of artD.make mass media the subject of art第14题The author mentions a hobby-horse in paragraph 1 in order toA.explain the origin of the name "Dada"B.illustrate how Dadaists created artpare art to a children's gameD.give an example of a "ready-made"第15题According to the passage, one way in which the Dadaists mocked society was byA.refusing to fight in the First World WarB.writing plays about social classing "found" objects in works of artD.criticizing the commercial media第16题The word forerunner in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA.leading writerB.earliest artistC.main criticD.fastest runner第17题The passage gives all of the following as examples of "ready-mades" EXCEPTA.a bicycle wheelB.a bottle rackC.a soup canD.a comb第18题The word embraced in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA.mockedB.ignoredC.welcomedD.defended第19题It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that the Pop artistsA.reacted against the Dada movementB.were more popular than the DadaistsC.criticized art for being too commercialD.succeeded in changing ideas about art第20题Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Pop art could be produced and consumed more quickly than any other mass media.B.The public enthusiastically accepted Pop art, which portrayed commercial culture.C.The mass media quickly reached large audiences, thus influencing attitudes about art.rge numbers of people bought Pop art, even though they could not understand it.第21题Which artist created works based on other styles and the work of other artists?A.Marcel Duchampwrence AllowayC.Roy LichtensteinD.Andy Warhol第22题The phrase took on in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toA.hatedB.was afraid ofC.inventedD.responded to第23题The word glut in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning toA.excessB.definitionC.fearD.absence第24题. Look at the four squares, A, B, C, and D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Whereas the visual arts had previously ignored current events, Dadaists reacted to the crisis and accused society of allowing it to happen.Dada emerged from despair over the First World War and disgust for the conservative values of society. Dada was the first expression of protest against the war. A Dadaists used absurdity to create artworks that mocked society yet defied intellectual analysis, such as the use of "found" objects in sculptures and installations. B The forerunner of the Dadaists, and ultimately their leading member, was Marcel Duchamp, who in 1 9 1 3 created his first "readymade," the Bicycle Wheel, consisting of a wheel mounted on the seat of a stool. In his effort to discourage aesthetics, Duchamp shocked the art establishment with these ready—made—manufactured objects that he selected and exhibited—including a bottle rack and a comb. C The Dada movement extended to literature and music and became international after the war. D In the United States the movement was centered in New York City. Dadaists on both sides of the Atlantic had one goal in common: to demolish current aesthetic standards.A.AB.BC.CD.D第25题Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the art movement that they describe. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points. Answer ChoicesA. Reflected the mass media of advertising, newsprint, and televisionB. Was an anti-art movement in the visual arts, literature and musicC. Focused on transitory impressions and the changing effects of lightD. Depicted things that had already been produced in other mediaE. Originated as a protest against the First World WarF. Found beauty in comic strips and other images from popular cultureG. Emphasized the act of creating art over the finished work of artH. Used "found" objects and "ready-mades" in works of artI. Created art out of famous brand names and images of famous peopleDada●●●Pop Art●●●●上一题下一题(26~38/共51题)阅读理解DEFORESTATION IN NORTH AMERICA 1 The land area of the United States and Canada is just over 4.8 billion acres. When large numbers of Europeans began to arrive in the eighteenth century, almost one-third of that area was covered with old-growth forests. In the eastern half of the continent, nearly 90 percent of the land was thick with forests of elm, ash, beech, maple, oak, and hickory. By the end of the nineteenth century, after several decades of intensive deforestation, only half of the original forests remained.2 During the first two centuries of European colonization, settlement was concentrated along the East Coast, having almost no effect on the vast forests covering the continent. Then, in the first half of the nineteenth century, agriculture expanded and settlers began to move westward in search of land for new farms. Land for agriculture came almost exclusively from clearing forests. The demand for farmland and timber continued to soar, and by 1850, more than 100 million acres of old-growth forest had been cut or burned off in the Northeast, the Southeast, the Great Lakes region, and along the St. Lawrence River.3 Along with agriculture, industrialization was a major cause of deforestation. The Industrial Revolution was fueled by North America's abundance of wood, as iron makers relied on charcoal, or charred wood, to fire their furnaces. Hardwoods such as oak produced the best charcoal, which charcoal burners made by slowly burning logs in kilns until they were reduced to concentrated carbon. It took eight tons of wood to make two tons of charcoal to smelt one ton of iron. Thus, the toll on the forests was high, as countless acres were cut to feed the furnaces of the iron industry.4 The transportation technology of the Industrial Revolution contributed greatly to deforestation. The river steamboats that came into operation after 1830 had a voracious appetite for wood. To keep their wheels turning, steamboats typically took on fuel twice a day. The wood was supplied by thousands of "wood hawks" along the banks of the Ohio and Mississippi with stacks of cut firewood. Annual consumption of wood on riverboats continued to increase until 1865. Consequently, river valleys that had the heaviest traffic were stripped of their forests.5 After 1860, immigration and westward expansion surged, and railroads swept over the continent. Clean-burning hardwood was the preferred fuel of the "iron horses," which required the cutting of 215,000 acres of woodland to stay in operation for one year. Not only did wood fuel the steam engines, but enormous amounts of oak and locust also went into the manufacture of railcars, ties, fencing, bridges, and telegraph poles. Railroads in the United States and Canada stretched from coast to coast by 1885, and each additional mile of railroad meant at least two more miles of fencing and 2,500 ties.6 Other major consumers of forest products included ordinary homeowners. More than four out of five of the houses constructed in the early nineteenth century—from log cabins to clapboard cottages—were built mainly of wood and roofed with wooden shingles. All were filled with wooden furniture. Two-thirds of all households in North America were heated by open, wood-burning fireplaces, and it took between 10 and 20 acres of forest to keep a single fireplace burning for one year.7 Throughout the century, the timber industry continued to supply the single most valuable raw material for a rapidly expanding population. Between 1840 and 1860, the annual production of lumber rose from 1.6 million to 8 billion board feet. This increase was made possible by the widespread application of steam power. Wood-fueled steam engines powered the sawmills, moved and barked the logs, and finished the boards. Railroad lines were now built right into the forests so that felled logs could be shipped directly to market. These innovations had their greatest impact on the Great Lakes region. By 1890 the technology of the timber industry had triumphed over the natural abundance of the forests, and woodlands that had once seemed endless were now depleted.第26题The word thick in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA.flatB.denseC.humidD.open第27题What point does the author make about deforestation in North America?A.It occurred mostly within a single century.B.It changed how people thought about trees.C.It provided jobs in several related industries.D.It caused an economic crisis in two countries.第28题According to the passage, all of the following contributed to deforestation EXCEPTA.the expansion of agricultureB.an increase in forest firesC.the use of charcoal as a fuelD.steamboat transportation第29题Why does the author use the word toll in discussing the iron industry in paragraph 3?A.To show that the process of smelting iron was expensiveB.To illustrate the impact of forest fires on the iron industryC.To point out that the iron industry had to pay high taxesD.To emphasize that large areas of woodland were eliminated第30题The word voracious in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning toA.varyingB.greedyC.strangeD.moderate第31题The phrase "wood hawks" in paragraph 4 describesA.a type of riverboatB.a species of treeC.people who sold woodrge woodland birds第32题The word surged in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning toA.stoppedpetedC.fluctuatedD.increased第33题It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that "iron horses" wereA.machines that made ties and fencingB.railroad company executivesC.steam engines that moved trainsD.animals that helped build railroads第34题Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 6? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Most of the houses in the nineteenth century were log cabins or clapboard cottages with simple roofs.B.There were four or five main house styles in the early nineteenth century, and all were built of wood.C.In the nineteenth century, wood construction was popular because wood could be used in a number of ways.D.Wood was the primary construction material of the vast majority of houses built in the early nineteenth century.第35题It can be inferred from paragraph 6 that in the early nineteenth centuryA.wooden houses were more popular than they are todayB.the construction industry dominated the economyC.more people owned homes than they do todayD.home heating was a major reason for cutting trees第36题According to paragraph 7, the tremendous increase in the production of lumber was primarily due toA.the availability of landB.an increase in the labor supplyC.innovations in technologyD.timber industry leadership第37题Look at the four squares, A, B, C, and D, which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?No other industry or consumer of wood could match the timber industry itself for the exploitation of North America's forests.A Throughout the century, the timber industry continued to supply the single most valuable raw material for a rapidly expanding population. Between 1840 and 1860, the annual production of lumber rose from 1.6 million to 8 billion board feet.B This increase was made possible by the widespread application of steam power. Wood-fueled steam engines powered the sawmills, moved and barked the logs, and finished the boards. Railroad lines were now built right into the forests so that felled logs could be shipped directly to market.C These innovations had their greatest impact in the Great Lakes region.D By 1890 the technology of the timber industry had triumphed over the natural abundance of the forests, and woodlands that had once seemed endless were now depleted.第38题An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Many factors contributed to the deforestation of North America in the nineteenth century.●●●Answer ChoicesA. Dense forests of elm, ash, beech, maple, oak, and hickory covered most of the eastern half of the continent.B. Several million acres of forest were cut to meet the growing population's demand for farmland and wood.C. The iron, steamboat, railroad, and construction industries required huge amounts of wood.D. Each mile of railroad required two miles of fencing and 2,500 ties, which were made of oak and locust.E. After 1890, the timber industry moved into the West and South, cutting another 125 million acres of forest.F. Innovations in the timber industry greatly increased wood production but led to the depletion of forests.上一题下一题(39~51/共51题)阅读理解THE EFFECTS OF SLEEP DEPRIVATION 1 Sleep restores the body and the mind and helps prevent disease by strengthening the immune system. However, many adults do not get the recommended eight hours of sleep each night. The average adult today gets only 6.4 hours of sleep, nearly an hour and a half less than what the average person received a century ago. Only in recent years have health professionals begun to realize the prevalence and severity of sleep deprivation in the working population. A significant number of people work at night, work long shifts, or suffer from insomnia or jet lag. Others are deprived of sleep because they work toohard, stay out too late, or try to do too many things in a day. Adults who regularly sleep six hours or less might think they accomplish more by staying up late, but they pay for it the next day when they feel sleepy or irritable or are unable to concentrate, remember things, or be very effective at their work.2 Studies show that the brain is adversely affected by sleep deprivation because certain patterns of electrical and chemical activity that occur during sleep are interrupted and the brain cannot function normally. In one study, thirteen healthy adult subjects who usually had normal sleep patterns were kept awake and carefully monitored in a hospital sleep laboratory during a period of 35 hours. During the experiment, the subjects were asked to perform several cognitive tasks, such as arithmetic and word problems, while undergoing magnetic resonance scans of their brain activity. The scans recorded each subject's brain activity from a rested state through various stages of sleep deprivation over the 35-hour period. The scans produced images showing increased activity in some regions of the brain and decreased activity in others. The researchers found that the temporal lobe of the brain, the region involved in language processing, was activated during verbal tasks in rested subjects but not in sleep-deprived subjects. When subjects were fully rested, their magnetic resonance scans showed that the temporal lobe was very active. However, after several hours without sleep, there was no activity within this region. The effects of the inactivity included slurred speech in the subjects who had gone for prolonged periods with no sleep.3 Several studies show that getting fewer than six hours of sleep a night can impair short-term memory, coordination, reaction time, and judgment—thus posing a serious risk of accident or injury. In one study of drivers, researchers reported that sleep deprivation had some of the same hazardous effects as being drunk. They found that people who drove after being awake for 17 to 19 hours performed worse than those with a blood alcohol level of 0.05 percent, the legal limit for drunk driving in most western European countries. The study also found that 16 to 60 percent of road accidents involved sleep deprivation. The researchers concluded that countries with drunk driving laws should consider similar restrictions against sleep-deprived driving.4 There are other problems associated with sleep deprivation beyond impaired motor skills and judgment. Drivers who get too little sleep may have higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression, may take unnecessary risks, or may express rage toward other drivers. These dangers affect not only drivers but also people who work long shifts or night shifts, such as medical personnel and other emergency workers. The dangers of sleep deprivation go far beyond the obvious risks and can, in fact, undermine all areas of an individual's physical and mental health.5 Sleep deprivation weakens the immune system, making an individual more prone to diseases such as the common cold and diabetes. Without sleep, the number of disease-fighting white blood cells within the body decreases, as does the activity of the remaining white blood cells. Sleep deprivation has been linked to a decrease in the body's production of hormones such as insulin. Results of a recent study suggested that healthy young adults who regularly got under 6.5 hours of sleep a night had greater insulin resistance than people who got 7.5 to 8.5 hours of sleep. Insulin resistance is a silent condition in which the pancreas does not make enough insulin or the body is unable to use the insulin that is present. Thus, the muscle and liver cells cannot metabolize the sugar called glucose. As a result, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, setting the stage for diabetes and heart disease.。
在托福考试中，语法贯穿始终。
不论是听说读写，离开了语法，就没有了倚靠的根基。
可能连最基本的句子都没办法弄懂。
所以说，要考好托福，一定要熟练语法。
本文北京新航道给大家整编了一些托福语法的练习题，让大家通过实践开熟悉并掌握语法，为以后的考试做好准备。
下面请看我们的第一部分的10道练习题吧!1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案：B分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。
这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.A. she was the first woman to conductB. the first woman conductorC. the woman was first conductingD. the woman conducts first答案：B分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。
补充：常考the first/second/… one to do sth3. On January 7，1955，Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案：A分析：缺宾语，C，D都不能作宾语。
托福考试模拟试题及答案word一、听力部分1. 听一段对话，然后选择正确的答案。
- 问题：对话中提到了什么活动？- 选项：A. 看电影B. 参加派对C. 去图书馆- 答案：B2. 听一段讲座，然后回答以下问题。
- 问题：讲座中提到了哪些主要观点？- 答案：讲座主要讨论了环境保护的重要性以及个人在日常生活中可以采取的措施。
二、阅读部分1. 阅读以下短文，然后回答相关问题。
- 短文：《城市化的影响》- 问题：城市化对环境有哪些影响？- 答案：城市化导致空气污染、水资源短缺和生物多样性的减少。
2. 阅读以下文章，然后选择正确的答案。
- 文章：《科技与教育》- 问题：科技如何改变教育？- 选项：A. 通过在线课程B. 通过提高学费C. 通过减少教师数量- 答案：A三、口语部分1. 描述你最近参加的一个活动，并解释为什么你选择参加它。
- 答案示例：我最近参加了一个环保志愿者活动，因为我对环境保护非常感兴趣，并且希望能够为保护我们的地球做出贡献。
2. 讨论你如何看待全球化对文化的影响。
- 答案示例：我认为全球化促进了不同文化之间的交流和理解，但同时也可能导致某些文化特色的丧失。
四、写作部分1. 写一篇短文，讨论科技发展对日常生活的影响。
- 答案示例：科技发展极大地方便了我们的日常生活，例如智能手机让我们随时随地都能获取信息，但同时也带来了隐私和安全问题。
2. 选择一个你感兴趣的话题，写一篇文章表达你的观点。
- 答案示例：我选择讨论教育的重要性。
教育不仅能够提高个人的生活质量，也是社会进步和发展的关键。
结束语托福考试是一个全面评估英语能力的测试，希望以上的模拟试题及答案能够帮助你更好地准备考试。
记住，持续的练习和复习是提高语言能力的关键。
祝你考试顺利！请注意，以上内容仅为模拟试题，实际的托福考试内容和形式可能会有所不同。
考生应以官方发布的考试指南为准。
【历年真题】托福语法真题训练50 (附答案)小马过河为大家准备了“【历年真题】托福语法真题训练50 (附答案)”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-2672001年01月语法题1・ A three-foot octopus can crawl through a hole ----------- in diameter.(A)than one inch less(B)less than one inch(C)one less inch than(D)than less one inch答案：B分析：这是一个简单句，空格是hole后的定语，答案是Bmore than , less than是习惯用法,表示多于,少于的意思。
(A)(0 (D)语序混乱，很容易排除。
参考译文：一只3米长的章鱼可以钻过一个直径不小于1英的孔。
2.----- a dopted the decimal system of coinage in 1867・(A)Canada(B)When Canada(C)Canada, which(D)There was Canada答案:A分析：这是一个简单句.空格是作句子主语.答案是A.单个名词做句子主语。
相关类型的题H可参照“黄金规则一”來解题(偶老师教的)：一个句子有且只有一个谓语，如果有了一个谓语，就不能再有一个谓语了，如果非要有另外一个谓语，则必须同时有连词、关系代词、关系副词。
反Z,如果一个句子里面冇关系代词、关系副词、那么这个句子冇2个谓语，每増加一个关系代词/副词，则要增加-个谓语。
可以拥此思路判断BCD为错。
(B)多了when，而后乂没冇从句的谓语；(C)如果用T which,则Canada后没有了谓语;(D)如果是D,那么Canada后面应该是adopting表示主动。
参考译文：加拿大于1867年在货币上采用了十进制。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案精选整合托福考试语法模拟试题及答案1. The American clipper ship era was of duration short，extending from about 1845 to 1859.答案：B分析及考点：词序的颠倒，应该改成short duration.只有特殊情况修饰成分后置。
参考译文：美国的剪帆船的时期经历时间很短，只有从1845到1859.2. Crystals of pure quartz，usually called rock crystal，are coarseness，colorless，and transparent.答案：D分析及考点：平行对称结构，词性不对称，所以coarseness 名词应改成coarse参考译文：纯净石英的结晶，通常称为岩石水晶，是粗糙的，无色的，透明的。
3. Of 120 minerals known to have been used as gemstones，only about 25 are in common use in today jewelry.答案：D分析及考点：词序的问题。
应该改成jewelry today.参考译文：在作为宝石使用的所知道的120种矿石中，只有25种是现在珠宝业通常使用的。
4. One of the thirteen original state of the United States，North Carolina lies on the Atlantic coast midway between New York and Florida.答案：A分析及考点：名词单复数使用错误。
应该用复数states.看到one of the.参考译文：北卡罗来那州是最初组成美国的13个州中的一个座落在大西洋岸边，在纽约州和佛罗里达州的中间。
5. The various peoples who developed North America have made it a world leader economic .答案：D分析及考点：词序的颠倒。
1.Barges which carrier most of the heavy freight on rivers and canals are usually propelled by towing.答案：A测试点：词性。
分析：carrier是名词，而此处需要谓语动词。
应为carries。
解题要点：名词后缀-er,-or,-tion,-sion等形式出现在TOEFL改错题中，应引起特别注意。
答案：C测试点：习语。
分析：One of the+复数名词/名词词级是固定说法，此处缺of.测试点：主谓数的一致。
4.It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effective than to employ flowery but vague e某pressions that only obscure one’s meaning.答案：B测试点：并列结构/词性。
分析：and的前后部分应同词性、同性质，此处应用副词effectively与and前的simply和directly并列，不用形容词effective。
5.Different species of octopuses may measure anywhere from two inches to over thirty feet in long.答案：D测试点：词性分析：表示“在长度方面”固定的说法是in length，不用long。
从词性考虑，介词诅后要加名词(1ength),不能加形容词(1ong)。
解题要点;TOEFL考题中表示长(1ong，length),高(high，height),深(deep，depth)等词的.名词及其形容词形式常常混淆。
答案：D测试点：词形。
7.When rainbows appear, they are always in the part of the sky opposite directly the Sun.答案：D测试点：词序。
托福考试语法题1. ---ratchet is a wheel or bar that can move in only one direction.(A) A(B) It is a(C) Although a(D) There is a答案：A测试点：冠词.分析：ratchet (棘轮机构)是名词，名词前应加冠词，故选(A).2. Thomas Jefferson’s achievements as an architect rival his contributions ---a politician.(A) such(B) more(C) as(D) than答案：C测试点：介词.分析：”作为政治家“要说as a politician，故选(C).前文as an architect可作为线索.动词rival (比得上，相比)在词意上也决定了前后两部分应相同结构.3. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on ---best in its climate and soil.(A) it grows(B) what grows(C) does it grow(D) what does it grow答案：B测试点：what引导的名词从句。
分析：depend on后接名词性的成份。
答案中(B)是名词从句，做介词on 的宾语.(A)是主谓结构但并非名词从句，不能作宾语，(C)是问句形式，(D)结构错误.4. Possibly the greatest advance in ---materials came with the invention of a cheap way to make steel.(A) bridge-building(B) building of bridges(C) building a bridge(D) bridges are built答案：A测试点：定语.分析：materials是名词，前面要用形容词性的'词来修饰它.(A)是分词，可作定语.(B)是动名词短语;(C)是动宾结构;(D)是句子;均不可作定语.5. ---, snakes frequently subdue their prey without injecting poison.(A) Contrary to general belief(B) General belief contrary to(C) Belief contrary to general(D) Contrary belief general to答案：A测试点：习语.分析：contrary to+名词是.固定短语，表示“与……相反”，故选(A).6. Two years after she was chosen president of the Texas State Senate, ---successfully for a seat in the United States Congress.(A) Barbara Jordan’s campaign being(B) Barbara Jordan campaigned(C) Campaigning for Barbara Jordan(D) Barbara Jordan campaigning答案：B测试点：复合句。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解语法在托福考试中占重要的位置，整理了托福语法考试模拟题，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _____ was causedby animbalance of humors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案： B 分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that 引导的宾语从句。
这里that为连接adv,在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. I n 1976 Sarah Caldwell became ________ at the Metropolita n Opera Housein New York City. A. she was the first woman to conduct B. the first womanconductor C. the woman was first conducting D. the woman conducts first 答案： B 分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B， D 可以作宾语，但 D 的语序不对。
参考译文：1976, Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约MetropolitanOpera House演出的演奏家补充：常考the first/second/ …one to do sth3. On January 7, 1955, Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a majorrole at New York Citys Metropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案： A 分析：缺宾语, C, D 都不能作宾语。
【历年真题】托福语法真题训练50 (附答案)小马过河为大家准备了“【历年真题】托福语法真题训练50 (附答案)”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-2672001年01月语法题1・ A three-foot octopus can crawl through a hole ----------- in diameter.(A)than one inch less(B)less than one inch(C)one less inch than(D)than less one inch答案：B分析：这是一个简单句，空格是hole后的定语，答案是Bmore than , less than是习惯用法,表示多于,少于的意思。
(A)(0 (D)语序混乱，很容易排除。
参考译文：一只3米长的章鱼可以钻过一个直径不小于1英的孔。
2.----- a dopted the decimal system of coinage in 1867・(A)Canada(B)When Canada(C)Canada, which(D)There was Canada答案:A分析：这是一个简单句.空格是作句子主语.答案是A.单个名词做句子主语。
相关类型的题H可参照“黄金规则一”來解题(偶老师教的)：一个句子有且只有一个谓语，如果有了一个谓语，就不能再有一个谓语了，如果非要有另外一个谓语，则必须同时有连词、关系代词、关系副词。
反Z,如果一个句子里面冇关系代词、关系副词、那么这个句子冇2个谓语，每増加一个关系代词/副词，则要增加-个谓语。
可以拥此思路判断BCD为错。
(B)多了when，而后乂没冇从句的谓语；(C)如果用T which,则Canada后没有了谓语;(D)如果是D,那么Canada后面应该是adopting表示主动。
参考译文：加拿大于1867年在货币上采用了十进制。
TJ语法训练1. Would you ____ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes around into up through2. The fact that she never apologized ____ a lot about what kind of person she is.3. Jim sold most of his has hardly ____ left in the house.Dsomething4. He telephoned the travel agency to ___ three air tickets to London.5. Thousands of foreigners were ___ to the Shanghai world Expo the day it opened..6. I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in a sale; it was a real ___.7. The top leaders of the two countries are holding talks in a friendly ___.8. The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair ___ he wanted to sit next to his wife.9. He keeps telling his students that the future ___ to the well-educated.belonged belonging be belonged10. –Has she had much ___ in teaching English--No. She is just a new hand.11. The medicine tastes ___, but works ___.;well ;good ;well ;goodartist was poor , ____ poor he remained all his life.13. I smell something ___ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minuteburnt be burnt14. It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ___ my friend.out out out out15. Start out right away, ___you’ll miss the first train.16. We are trying to ring you back,but we think we ___ your number incorrectly.up down out about17. —Victor looks unhappy.—Yes,he always ______ our success.B. enviesC. admiresD. stops18. Wait till you are more ______. It’s better to be sure than sorry.B. satisfiedC. calmD. certain19. The football team of middle school invited us to a match and we decided to accept the ______.B. challengeC. matchD. opportunity20. They use smell, sounds and movements to _____ with other animals.A. talkB. speakC. communicateD. say21. ---The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets.---Yes. But I’m sure something will be done to _____ air pollustion.A. reduceB. removeC. collectD. warn22. I bought a shirt because it was good in quality and ______ in price.A. reasonableB. valuableC. comfortableD. enjoyable23. I want to go into the sea. I’d rather lie on the ______.A. coastB. bankC. beachD. seaside24. I have a lot of readings ____ before the end of this term.A completingB to completeC completedD being completed25. The loss has not yet been ____ accurately, but it is believed to be well beyonda hundred million dollars.A calculatedB consideredC completedD controlled26. Some parents are just too protective. They want to____their kids from every kind of danger, real or imagined.A. spotB. dismissC. shelterD. distinguish27. The twins looks almost alike, so many people could not____them.B. recognizeC. distinguishD. classify28. --- The weather has been very hot and dry.---Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables__.’t die B. didn’t die C. hadn’t die D. wouldn’t have died29. The boy threw a stone into the river which ____the smooth surface of the water.A. brokeB. disturbedC. botheredD. interrupted30. “We must keep a secret of the things___here,” the general said ____ at the man in charge of information office.A. having been discussed; and seriously staringB. to be discussed; seriously staredC. discussed; and stared seriouslyD. being discussed; seriously staring.31. _____ by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms to their land.encouraged B. Encouraging C. Encouraged D. Having encouraged32. Daniel’s family ______ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week.A. are enjoyingB. are to enjoyC. will enjoyD. will be enjoying33. The school’s music group will give a big show tomorrow night and two ___ on the weekend.B. otherC. elseD. another34. Five multiplied ____ six ___thirty.; equals B. by; are C. with; is D. with; equals35. The ＿＿ on his face told me that he was angry.A. impressionB. sightC. appearanceD. expression36. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into＿＿.A. factB. realityC. practiceD. deed1，look around 环顾，检查look into 调查，观察look up 好转；查(字典)；看望；(to)尊敬look through (从头至尾)浏览；详尽核查16bring about 导致,引起take down 记下；拿下work out 采空的；被算出1-5,DAADC 6-10,BACAD 11-15,AAADC 16-20,BBDBC 21-25,AACBA 26-30,CCDBC 31-36,CDAADC。
托福考试语法词汇专项试题及答案2016年托福考试语法词汇专项试题及答案1. ---a bicameral, or two-chamber parliament.(A) Canada has(B) Having Canada(C) Because Canada has(D) That Canada is having答案：A测试点：主谓结构.分析：本句主谓俱缺，应在答案中选择主语+动词的结构，即(A).(B)不是主谓结构;(C)(D)均为从句形式。
2. ---time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only three fingers and a thumb.(A) Saved(B) Saves(C) To save(D) The saving答案：C测试点;不定式.分析：逗号前的部分为表示目的的状语，可由不定式短语或从句承担.答案中无从句，故选不定式(C).3. The recent discovery of a novel by Harriet Wilson, published in 1859, ---a landmark in Black American literature.(A) has brought to light(B) light to brought has(C) brought to light has(D) has light to brought答案：A测试点：词序/习语.分析：本句有主语而缺谓语，bring sth to light是固定短语，如宾语较长可放在to light之后，即bring to light+宾语.故选(A).4. ---telescopes of the 1600’s magnified objects thirty-three times their original size.(A) That the(B) The(C) This is the(D) Being where the答案：B测试点;冠词。
【历年真题】托福语法真题训练50（附答案）.docx【历年真题】托福语法真题训练50 (附答案)小马过河为大家准备了“【历年真题】托福语法真题训练50 (附答案)”，供各位备考托福的考生们参考使用，来提高自己的托福成绩！免费咨询电话：400-0123-2672001年01月语法题1? A three-foot octopus can crawl through a hole ----------- in diameter.(A)than one inch less(B)less than one inch(C)one less inch than(D)than less one inch答案：B分析：这是一个简单句，空格是hole后的定语，答案是Bmore than , less than是习惯用法,表示多于,少于的意思。
(A)(0 (D)语序混乱，很容易排除。
参考译文：一只3米长的章鱼可以钻过一个直径不小于1英的孔。
2.----- a dopted the decimal system of coinage in 1867?(A)Canada(B)When Canada(C)Canada, which(D)There was Canada答案:A分析：这是一个简单句.空格是作句子主语.答案是A.单个名词做句子主语。
相关类型的题H可参照“黄金规则一”來解题(偶老师教的)：一个句子有且只有一个谓语，如果有了一个谓语，就不能再有一个谓语了，如果非要有另外一个谓语，则必须同时有连词、关系代词、关系副词。
反Z,如果一个句子里面冇关系代词、关系副词、那么这个句子冇2个谓语，每増加一个关系代词/副词，则要增加-个谓语。
可以拥此思路判断BCD为错。
(B)多了when，而后乂没冇从句的谓语；(C)如果用T which,则Canada后没有了谓语;(D)如果是D,那么Canada后面应该是adopting表示主动。
托福（综合）模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Listening Comprehension 2. Structure & Written Expression 3. Reading Comprehension 4. SPEAKINGSection One：Listening Comprehension听力原文：Questions 1 through 3. Listen to a conversation between a student and his adviser.M: Could I talk to you about registration?W: Sure. What can I do for you?M: I’m, um, I’d like to take oceanography, but I don’t have the prerequisite that’s listed in the catalog, you know, Math 150. W: Oh, I see. Well, if you took oceanography, you’d need that mathematics course first. There would be some physics and chemistry, so you’d need a solid grasp of numerical data. M: That’s what I wanted to talk to you about. I thought, if I took the math course at the same time as oceanography, then I could graduate at the end of the year. W: Sorry, but you need to have the math course first. Unless you have a good foundation in math, you’ll find oceanography very difficult. M: I’ve taken three math classes already. Isn’t that enough? W: I’m afraid not. The Oceanography Department specifically requires Math 150. M: I wish I could convince someone! I know I could do both courses! Would it help if I talked to the professor? W: You could try, but I wouldn’t get my hopes up if I were you.M: Oh, well, in that case, I’d better just take the math course and get it over with. W: Good idea. M: But as long as I’m here, can you tell me if oceanography is being taught in the summer?1. Why does the student talk to his adviser?2. What does the adviser mean when she says this: “Unless you have a good foundation in math, you’ll find oceanography very difficult.”3. Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question.”I wish I could convince someone! I know I could do both courses! Would it help if I talked to the professor?”“You could try, but I wouldn’t get my hopes up if I were you.” What does the adviser imply?1．Why does the student talk to his adviser?A．He needs advice about which course to take in the summer.B．He wants to take a course and its prerequisite at the same time.C．He needs information about careers in oceanography.D．He wants permission to graduate without a required course.正确答案：B解析：The student wants to take a course and its prerequisite at the same time. He says I’d like to take oceanography, but I don’t have the prerequisite...; ...if I took the math course at the same time as oceanography.... 知识模块：听力2．What does the adviser mean when she says this:A．The oceanography course requires a strong background in mathematics.B．It is useless to study mathematics before oceanography.C．Many students avoid oceanography because it is too difficult.D．It is difficult to find a job in oceanography.正确答案：A解析：The adviser means that the oceanography course requires a strong background in mathematics. She makes a future real conditional statement, meaning that if he does not have a good foundation in mathematics, he will find the oceanography course very difficult. 知识模块：听力3．Listen again to part of the conversation. Then answer the question. What does the adviser imply?A．Taking both courses at the same time is a good idea.B．He must talk to the professor as soon as possible.C．The professor will not allow him to take both courses.D．He can do well in both courses only if he works very hard.正确答案：C解析：The adviser implies that the professor will not allow him to take both courses. The student’s question is in the future unreal: Would it help if I talked to the professor? The adviser’s reply is also in the future unreal: You could try, but I wouldn ‘t get my hopes up if I were you. She means that he should not get his hopes up (expect success) because the professor is not likely to permit him to take both courses at the same time. 知识模块：听力Sections Two：Structure & Written Expression4．If Ayou drink three or more Bsodas per day, you Cwere at higher Drisk for developing diabetes.A．B．C．D．正确答案：C解析：Were is an incorrect verb form in the result clause of this present real conditional sentence. Correction: are. 知识模块：语法5．A seedling Awill grow into a large, healthy tree Bas long it can Cextend its roots to a nearby soil pocket in the Drocky landscape.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：As long is an incomplete subordinator in a conditional sentence. Correction: as long as. 知识模块：语法6．If a skydiver Awas not attached to a static line, Bwhich will automatically Copen the parachute, he can free-fall before Dpulling the rip cord.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Was is an incorrect auxiliary in the condition clause of this present/future real conditional sentence. Correction: is. 知识模块：语法7．If you Aare living on a large Bcomet in the Kuiper Belt, Cyou would see another large comet Dpassing by once a month.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Are is an incorrect auxiliary in the condition clause of this present unreal conditional sentence. Correction: were. 知识模块：语法8．AUnless you have already Bplanted your vegetable garden, you can still Cmaking changes that Dwill benefit your vegetables.A．B．C．D．正确答案：C解析：Making is an incorrect verb form in the result clause of this future real conditional sentence. Correction: make. 知识模块：语法9．APassed by New York State in 1838, the Free Banking Act allowed anyone Bto start a bank Cas long as that person Dwill make certain promises.A．B．C．D．正确答案：D解析：Will make is an incorrect verb form in the result clause of this past real conditional sentence. Correction: made or would make. 知识模块：语法10．We Acould see how various Bfactors cause periods of global warming and cooling Conly if we combine past data Dwith current knowledge.A．B．C．D．正确答案：A解析：Could is an incorrect modal in the result clause of this future real conditional sentence. Correction: can. 知识模块：语法11．If Athe principle of conservation of energy were Berased from the rules Cgoverning machines, then nothing Dwill work.A．B．C．D．正确答案：D解析：Will is an incorrect modal in the result clause of this present/future unreal conditional sentence. Correction: would. 知识模块：语法12．If Ateachers communicate the expectation Bthat certain students will Cbehave in a certain manner, those students actually Ddid behave in that manner.A．B．C．D．正确答案：D解析：Did is an incorrect auxiliary in the result clause of this future real conditional sentence. Correction: will, may, or might. 知识模块：语法13．Even if a disease Ahad not destroyed the Irish potato Bcrop in the 1840s, Cthousands of people would probably Demigrate because of political and social factors.A．B．C．D．正确答案：D解析：Emigrate is an incorrect verb form in the result clause of this past unreal conditional sentence. Correction: have emigrated. 知识模块：语法14．If the front Ateeth of a rodent Bdo not continue Cgrowing, they would be Dworn away.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：Do is an incorrect auxiliary in the condition clause of this present/future unreal conditional sentence. Correction: did. 知识模块：语法15．ABenefits of a credit account, Bwhat may change from time to time, typically Cinclude certain Dkinds of insurance coverage.A．B．C．D．正确答案：B解析：What is not a relative pronoun. A relative pronoun is needed to introduce an adjective clause. Correction: which 知识模块：语法16．If plants are to grow, they______nitrogen.A．have toB．hadC．havingD．must have正确答案：D解析：In this future real conditional sentence, must have is the correct verb form in the result clause. 知识模块：语法17．Soil-covered lava lands usually support a normal forest______enough water.A．is thereB．if there isC．there has beenD．there is also正确答案：B解析：In this present real conditional sentence, if there is is the beginning of the condition clause. 知识模块：语法18．Adults should have regular physical examinations______have no sign of illness.A．they mayB．might theyC．as if theyD．even if they正确答案：D解析：In this future real conditional sentence, even if they is the beginning of the condition clause. 知识模块：语法19．If thunder is the atmosphere’s noisiest production, lightning______its most dazzling.A．is certainlyB．certainlyC．certainly to beD．was certainly正确答案：A解析：In this present real conditional sentence, is certainly is the correct verb form in the result clause. 知识模块：语法20．_____a predator approaches, the plover performs a distraction display by pretending to have a broken wing.A．ThereB．WhyC．In caseD．Only正确答案：C解析：In case is the subordinator in this present real conditional sentence. 知识模块：语法21．If all of the ice in Antarctica and Greenland ______, sea level could rise 65 to 80 meters.A．to meltB．meltedC．meltingD．is melting正确答案：B解析：In this present/future unreal conditional sentence, melted is the correct verb form in the result clause. 知识模块：语法22．_____information is encoded effectively in the memory, it may not be easily recalled when necessary.A．ThisC．ThatD．As if正确答案：B解析：Unless is the subordinator in this future real conditional sentence. 知识模块：语法23．A balloon______as long as the weight of the balloon and the air inside is less than the upthrust of the air it displaces.A．will riseB．to riseC．risingD．has risen正确答案：A解析：In this future real conditional sentence, will rise is the correct verb form in the result clause. 知识模块：语法24．Unless skill standards______as the basis for hiring employees, they will serve no role in helping people move from school to work.A．acceptedB．been acceptedC．were acceptedD．are accepted正确答案：D解析：In this future real conditional sentence, are accepted is the correct passive-voice verb in the condition clause. 知识模块：语法25．______the negative feedback loop works properly, thermoregulation prevents small changes in body temperature from becoming too large.A．That providedB．Provided thatC．If that providedD．If it provides正确答案：B解析：Provided that is the subordinator in this present real conditional sentence. 知识模块：语法26．The heart is a striated muscle______contract as quickly as the skeletal muscles.A．it does notC．that does notD．who does not正确答案：C解析：That does not introduces an adjective clause that modifies muscle. 知识模块：语法27．An ionizing smoke detector contains a chamber______a low electric current flows.A．thatB．that isC．whichD．which正确答案：D解析：In which introduces an adjective clause that modifies chamber. 知识模块：语法28．The aurora borealis______as a soft glow along the northern horizon if the base of its arc is beneath the horizon.A．which appearsB．may appearC．appearedD．would have appeared正确答案：B解析：In this present real conditional sentence, may appear is the correct verb form in the result clause. 知识模块：语法29．A study found that men in discussion groups spent a lot of time finding out______about politics and current events.A．who was best informedB．the best informed thatC．whose best informedD．the best informed is正确答案：A解析：Finding out must have a noun structure as its direct object; who was best informed forms part of a noun clause. 知识模块：语法30．That all______is made up of cells is a unifying concept in modern biology.A．living materialB．material is livingC．material has livedD．which material lives正确答案：A解析：The first clause, a noun clause, needs a subject; living material is a noun phrase with an active-voice participial adjective. 知识模块：语法31．Companies buy information from marketing analysts to help characterize their customers and learn______.A．finding more of themB．that finding more of themC．they find more of themD．how to find more of them正确答案：D解析：Learn must have a noun structure as its direct object; how to find more of them is an infinitive phrase. 知识模块：语法32．If farmers______so much of the prairie, the dust storms of the 1930s would not have been so severe.A．do not plowB．have not plowedC．had not plowedD．will not plow正确答案：C解析：In this past unreal conditional sentence, had not plowed is the correct verb form in the condition clause. 知识模块：语法33．_____at Lake Geneva, the Montreux International Jazz Festival showcases leading jazz artists and jazz-rock performers.A．HeldB．HoldingC．It is heldD．By holding正确答案：A解析：Held introduces a passive-voice adjective phrase that modifies the Montreux International Jazz Festival. 知识模块：语法Sections Three：Reading ComprehensionBoaters will see advance warning of a storm if they know what to look for in the clouds. If there is a high cloud formation with a dirty bottom and a tall, stringy top, astorm is on the way. In that case, it is important not to try and outrun the storm but to head for a protected area. If a boat does get caught in a storm, a bucket or any kind of drag should be attached to the anchor line. As long as the occupants sit or lie on the bottom of the boat, they should be safe. Many people have fallen overboard and drowned because they stood up, swung their arms, and shouted for help.34．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To describe a frightening experienceB．To explain how boating is dangerousC．To warn boaters that storms are unpredictableD．To advise boaters on what to do in a storm正确答案：D解析：The main purpose is to advise boaters on what to do in a storm. The future real conditional sentences are used to give advice. Clues: Boaters will see advance warning of a storm...; ... head for a protected area; ...a bucket or any kind of drag should be attached to the anchor line; ...sit or lie on the bottom of the boat.... 知识模块：阅读35．During a storm, what should people in a boat do?A．Try to outrun the stormB．Keep low in the boatC．Jump overboard and swimD．Stand up and call for help正确答案：B解析：During a storm, people should keep low in the boat. The future real conditional sentence gives advice: As long as the occupants sit or lie on the bottom of the boat, they should be safe. 知识模块：阅读1 The majority of advertising used to be aimed at the traditional family: breadwinner father, non-working mother, and two children. However, if advertisers still focused on that segment of the population, they would put themselves out of business. Only about ten percent of American families fit the stereotype, and households with working mothers and singles are on the rise. If advertising is to be successful, it has to identify the potential users of a product and aim its message toward that group.2 An advertising agency can decide on the best way of reaching potential buyers only if it conducts market research to understand who they are. Are they homemakers or professional people? Are they young or old? Do they live in the city, the country, or the suburbs? Unless the agency obtains detailed data and marketing expertise, the advertising campaign will face failure.36．Why does the author say they would put themselves out of business in paragraph 1?A．To explain what advertisers did in the pastB．to complain about false advertisingC．To identify the main fear of advertisersD．To show that advertisers have changed what they do正确答案：D解析：The author’s purpose is to show that advertisers have changed what they do. The present unreal conditional sentence states an untrue condition, if advertisers still focused on that segment of the population, meaning that advertisers do not still focus on the same population. 知识模块：阅读37．The author believes that advertisers today should do all of the following EXCEPTA．focus on the traditional familyB．identify potential buyersC．conduct researchD．obtain marketing expertise正确答案：A解析：The author does not believe that advertisers should focus on the traditional family. All of the other answers are given: ...it has to identify the potential users of a product...; ...only if it conducts market research...; Unless the agency obtains detailed data and marketing expertise.... 知识模块：阅读38．Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 2?A．Before doing any research, advertisers must decide who the buyers are.B．The best way to reach potential buyers is to find out where they live and work.C．Advertisers must know their potential buyers in order to reach them effectively.D．There are many creative ways for conveying a message to potential buyers.正确答案：C解析：Advertisers must know their potential buyers... is a paraphrase of ...only if it conducts market research to understand who they are. ...in order to reach them effectively is a paraphrase of An advertising agency can decide on the best way of reaching potential buyers.... 知识模块：阅读SPEAKINGSpeaking QuestionDirections: In this question, you will listen to a conversation. You will then be asked to talk about the information in the conversation and to giveyour opinion about the ideas presented. After you hear the question, you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.听力原文：Now listen to two students as they discuss the linked course.W: Next quarter I need two units in humanities.M: If I were you, I’d take the Greek philosophy and drama—you know, the linked course.W: Hmm. I wondered about that.M: It’s really two courses, but the ideas and themes are linked. You have to register for both courses together.W: Two courses could be a lot of work though.M: It’s not, believe me. If you did it this way, you’d end up with a better schedule. The two professors usually plan the assignments together. That means you’d never have two papers due at the same time or two tests on the same day. Plus, you’d learn a lot more than you would in two separate courses because the readings would all be tied together in class.W: Really?M: And you’d also earn two units in humanities because it’s a double course. That would take care of your entire humanities requirement all at once.W: That would be great if I could do that.M: I took a linked course once, and I’d do it again. I wish the college had more courses like that.The man expresses his opinion about the linked course. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.39．TOEFL iBT Speaking. In this integrated speaking task, you will read a short passage about a campus situation, listen to a conversation, and then speak in response to a question about what you have read and heard. Do not look at the question until the conversation has ended. Do not look at the reading passage while you are speaking.Reading Time - 45 secondsLinked Course in Greek Drama and PhilosophyStudy the plays of Aristophanes and Sophocles, and ponder the ideas of Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. This linked course combines two courses: Introduction to Drama and Introduction to Philosophy. By enrolling in both courses, you will explore drama and its traditions as a distinctive form of creative expression in ancient Greece. You will investigate problems such as the nature of human knowledge, free will, morality, and the individual and the state. You will develop strategies for reading, analysis, and interpretation. Students who enroll in Introduction to Drama must also enroll in Introduction to Philosophy.Now cover the passage and listen to the conversation. You may take notes, and you may use your notes to help you answer the question. After you hear the question, begin preparing your response. You may look at the question, but NOT at the passage. You have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.The man expresses his opinion about the linked course. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.StopPreparation Time - 30 seconds Response Time - 60 seconds正确答案：- The university is offering a linked course in Greek drama and philosophy. The man’s opinion is that the woman should take the linked course.- One reason he gives is that she would have a better schedule. She would never have two papers due at the same time or two tests on the same day.- Another reason is that she would learn more in a linked course than in two separate courses.- Another reason is that she would earn two units, which would take care of the entire humanities requirement. 涉及知识点：口语听力原文：Listen to part of a conversation between two students.M: You’re going to the internship fair on Wednesday afternoon, right? W: What? If I’d known about it, I wouldn’t have scheduled a make-up test in calculus. M: But you’ve got to go to the internship fair! There’ll be several people there to talk about engineering internships. W: Oh, if only I’d known.... M: Can’t you re-schedule your test?W: I wish I could, but it’s a make-up for the one I missed last week when I was sick. Dr. Williams gives us just a week to make up a test. M: But if you went to the fair, you’d have a good chance of getting an internship for the summer. W: I know, I know. If only I didn’t have this test.... M: But if you just explained to your professor... She’d probably want you to go. I’m sure she’d make an exception. At least you should try. W: Well, as long as you’re going to the fair, would you take notes for me? I mean, let me know about anything in civil engineering, and pick up any handouts? M: Sure, I could do that. But it would be better if you were there in person, in case you wanted to ask questions. W: I know, but I could still use your help.The students discuss possible solutions to a problem that the woman has. Describe the problem. Then state what you think the woman should do, and explain why.40．TOEFL iBT Speaking. In this integrated speaking task, you will listen to a conversation. You will then be asked to talk about the information in the conversation and to give your opinion about the ideas presented.Cover the question while the conversation is playing. You may take notes, and you may use your notes to help you answer the question. After you hear the question, you may look at the question and prepare your response. You have 20 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.The students discuss possible solutions to a problem that the woman has. Describe the problem. Then state what you think the woman should do, and explain why.StopPreparation Time - 20 seconds Response Time - 60 seconds正确答案：- The woman’s problem is that she cannot attend an internship fair because she must take a make-up test on the same day.- The man suggests that she talk to her professor and try to reschedule the test.- The woman suggests that the man help her by taking notes and picking up handouts at the fair.- Opinions about the solution will vary. 涉及知识点：口语。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解汇总为了让同学们更好的应对托福考试中的语法，了托福语法考试模拟题，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。
1. Bubbles， flaws， and other irregularities diffuse the light that passes through stained glass， _________ the glass sparkle.A. which makingB. and makingC. makingD. to making答案：C 分析：空格前的句子结构完整，这里的分词作状语。
A中用which来引导非限制性定语从句，而句中无谓语，错;B中and作为连接词，而and后的句子不完整，没有谓语，错;D错，不定式的结构应该是to do.参考译文：气泡，裂纹和其他的不规则会使光线穿过受损的玻璃时发散开，使得玻?辽练⒐狻?BR> 补充： stained glass常指教堂的彩色玻璃2. Fog is mon near ________ _ inland bodies of water and along coasts in temperate zones. A. there are large B. large C. either large D. where large答案：B 分析：A使得句中出现两个谓语动词，且中间无连接词，错;C应该是either… or…结构，但句中没有出现or;D中where引导的句子不完整，错。
参考译文：雾通常在靠近大型内陆水体和沿着温和地带边缘的地方发生。
3. The portrayal of everyday life in the objects of folkart makes it _________ valuable source of history. A. and a B. so that a C. aD. is a答案：C 分析：make结构，make+n.1/pron+n.2/adj.参考译文：描述日常生活的民间艺术品使它们本身成为有价值的历史。
托福考试语法模拟试题及答案详解2011年托福考试：语法模拟试题及答案详解1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.A. in diseaseB. that diseaseC. of diseaseD. about disease答案：B分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that 引导的宾语从句。
这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。
参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。
2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.A. she was the first woman to conductB. the first woman conductorC. the woman was first conductingD. the woman conducts first答案：B分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。
参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家补充：常考the first/second/… one to do sth3. On January 7，1955，Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City'sMetropolitan Opera House.A. the first African AmericanB. the first African American wasC. she was the first African AmericanD. when the first African American答案：A分析：缺宾语，C，D都不能作宾语。
一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。
参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在第一个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。
4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the UnitedStates，_________ when massive highway-buildingprograms permitted greater suburban growth.A. and accelerated a phenomenonB. a phenomenon that acceleratedC. accelerating a phenomenon which，D. the acceleration of which phenomenon答案：B分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。
A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。
参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。
补充：accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.A. he becameB. when becomingC. becameD. did he become答案：A分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。
B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。
参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。
6. _________，domesticated grapes grow in clusters，range in color from pale green to black，andcontain sugar in varying quantities.A. Their botanical classification as berriesB. Although their botanical classification as berriesC. Because berries being their botanical classificationD. Classified botanically as berries答案：D分析：句子的主语是grapes ，后面是平行结构grow…，range…，and contain…。
空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。
A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错;B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错;C 中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。
参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。
7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.A. a basic instrumentB. basic instrumentC. how basic an instrument it isD. as an instrument is basic答案：A分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。
参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。
8. In instrumentalist philosophy，ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes：theyare of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.A. as they areB. are theyC. there areD. are答案：A分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。
一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。
参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。
他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。
9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen，and most do both.A. Working fire extinguishersB. Fire extinguishers that workC. Fire extinguishers workD. The work of fire extinguishers答案：C分析：空格中缺主谓。
A中没有谓语;B中that 多余，因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。
参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。
10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.A. to purchase their own automobilesB. their own to purchase automobilesC. to their own purchase automobilesD. own their automobiles to purchase答案：A分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。
1. Frances Perkins，_________ of the United Statescabinet，served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from1933 to 1945.A. the first female memberB. was the first female memberC. the first female member whoD. of whom the first female member答案：A分析：主语同位语结构。
B中多了一个谓语was，因为后面已经有一个谓语动词served，一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错; C中who多余，用法也不正确;D中of whom多余，不是定语从句，考的是同位语结构。
参考译文：Frances Perkins，是美国内阁的第一为女性成员，她从1933到1945年在内阁担任劳工部秘书。
2. When _________ to dough and heated，carbon dioxide is released，causing the dough to rise.A. is added baking powderB. added baking powder isC. is baking powder addedD. baking powder is added答案：D分析：When为状语从句引导词;语序应该为正常语序，A，C错;B语序混乱，明显应该用被动形式，而且有固定结构add to.参考译文：当把烘烤用粉加到面团里加热的时候，会释放出二氧化碳，使得面团涨开。
