First-principles investigation of the electron-phonon interaction in OsN$_2$ Theoretical pr

张胜利邮箱：zhangslvip@通讯地址：南京市玄武区孝陵卫200号材料科学与工程学院，邮编：210094主要研究方向：1.二维半导体精细结构的XAFS实验和模拟相结合的研究；2.新型光电信息功能材料的设计和电子结构性质研究；3.低维纳米材料结构与物理化学性质的第一性原理研究。

主持科研项目：1. 国家自然科学青年基金项目，过渡金属二硫属化物范德华异质结的组装、能带调控和光学性质研究，2015.1-2017.12，主持(在研)。

2. 江苏省科技计划项目-青年项目，类石墨烯TMDCs范德华异质结能带调控和光学性质研究，2014.7-2017.6，主持(在研)。

3. 中国博士后科研资助计划项目(2014M551594)，过渡金属二硫属化物范德华异质结的理论设计与物性调控，2014.9-2016.9，主持(在研)。

4. 江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目(1402154C)，新型二维VIB族硫属化合物层状复合材料的设计和性能调控，2014.11-2016.11，主持(在研)。

研究工作经历：2013/7－至今，南京理工大学，材料科学与工程学院，讲师；2008/09 – 2013/06 北京化工大学，计算材料方向, 博士。

教学工作：《新材料技术概论》，《纳米CMOS集成电路设计与加工》和《半导体器件TCAD设计》代表性学术论文:2014Antimonene: Semimetal-semiconductor and Indirect-direct Band Gap Transitions, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 2014, Accepted. (IF=11.336)phase transition between metallic and semiconducting single-layer MoS2 and WS2 through size effects, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 2014, On-line, DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04775c. (IF=4.198)storage for B/n-codoped graphyne, RSC Advances, 4, 54879, 2014. (IF=3.708)24. Yousheng Zou, Haipeng Wang, Shengli Zhang, Dong Lou, Yuhui Dong, Xiufeng Song, Haibo Zeng. Structural, electrical and optical properties of Mg-doped CuAlO 2 films by pulsed laser deposition. RSC Advances, 4, 41294, 2014. (IF=3.708)23. Xiaoming Li, Shengli Zhang, Sergei A Kulinich, Yanli Liu, Haibo Zeng. Engineering surface states ofcarbon dots to achieve controllable luminescence for solid-luminescent composites and sensitiveBe2+ detection. Scientific Reports, 4, 4976-4983, 2014. (IF=5.078)22. Lihong Zhang, Shengli Zhang, Peng Wang, Chuan Liu, Shiping Huang, Huiping Tian. The effect of electric field on Ti-decorated graphyne for hydrogen storage. Computational and Theoretical Chemistry, 1035, 68-75, 2014. (IF=1.368)21. Xiaoli Du, Chuan Liu, Shengli Zhang, Peng Wang, Shiping Huang, Huiping Tian. Structural, magnetic and electronic properties of FenPt13-n clusters with n=0-13: A first-principle study. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 369, 27-33, 2014. (IF=2.002)201320. Shengli Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Peng Wang, Huiping Tian. First-principles study of cubane-type ZnO: Another ZnO polymorph. Chemical Physics Letters, 556, 102-105, 2013.(IF=1.991)19. Shengli Zha ng, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Peng Wang and Huiping Tian. Mechanistic investigations on the adsorption of thiophene over cubane–type Zn3NiO4 bimetallic oxide. Applied Surface Science, 258, 10148-10153, 2013. (IF=2.538)18. Chuan Liu, Shengli Zhang, Shiping Huang, Peng Wang, Huiping Tian. Structure, electronic characteristic and thermodynamic properties of K2ZnH4 hydride crystal: A first–principles study.Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 549, 30-37, 2013. (IF=2.726)17. Jia Li, Shengli Zhang, Shiping Huang, Peng Wang, Huiping Tian. Structural, electronic and thermodynamic properties of R3ZnH5(R=K, Rb, Cs): A first–Principle calculation. Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 198, 433-439, 2013. (IF=2.200)16. Zheng Wu, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Shengli Zhang. The structural and electronic properties of assembled CdTe Multi–cage nanochains. Computational Materials Science, 68, 238-244, 2013. (IF=1.879)15. Peng Wang, Mingxia Yang, Shengli Zhang, Shiping Huang, Huiping Tian. Density functional theory study of the electronic and magnetic properties of Mn–doped (MgO)n (n=2–10) clusters. Chinese Journal Chemical Physics, 1, 35-42, 2013. (IF=0.720)14. Jiali Jiang, Shengli Zhang, Shiping Huang, Peng Wang, Huiping Tian. Density functional theory studies of Yb-, Ca- and Sr-substituted Mg2NiH4 hydrides. Computational Materials Science, 7, 55-64, 2013. (IF=1.879)13. Ping Cheng, Shengli Zhang, Peng Wang, Shiping Huang, Huiping Tian. First-principles investigation of thiophene adsorption on Ni13 and Zn@Ni12 putational and Theoretical Chemistry, 1020, 136-142, 2013. (IF=1.368)12. Chuan Liu, Shengli Zha ng, Peng Wang, Shiping Huang, Huiping Tian. Confinement effects on structural, electronic properties and dehydrogenation thermodynamics of LiBH4. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 20, 8367-8375, 2013. (IF=2.930)11. Yonghong Zhang, Hui Ding, Chuan Liu, Shengli Zhang, Shiping Huang. Significant effects of graphite fragments on hydrogen storage performances of LiBH4: A first-principlesapproach. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, 13717-13727, 2013. (IF=2.930)201210. Shengli Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Chunru Wang, Theoretical investigationsof sp–sp2 hybridized zero–dimensional fullerenynes. Nanoscale，4, 2839-2842, 2012. (IF=6.739)9. Hui Ding, Sh engli Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Effects of nonmetal element (B, C and Si) additives in Mg2Ni hydrogen storage alloy.International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37, 6700-6713, 2012. (IF=2.930)8. Yonghong Zhang, Xiaozhen Zheng, Shengli Zhang, Shiping Huang, Peng Wang, Huiping Tian. Bare and Ni decorated Al12N12cage as materials for hydrogen storage: Density functionalcalculation. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 37, 12411-12419, 2012. (IF=2.930)20117. Shengli Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Liang Qiao, Shansheng Yu, Weitao Zheng, Field emission mechanism of island−shape Graphene–BN nanocomposite. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 115, 9471-9476, 2011. (IF=4.835)6. Shengli Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Hui Liu, Peng Wang, Huiping Tian.Theoretical investigation of growth, stability, and electronic properties of beaded ZnO nanoclusters. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 21, 16905-16910, 2011. (IF=6.626)5. Shengli Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Hui Liu, Peng Wang, Huiping Tian. Theoretical investigation of electronic structure and field emission properties of ZnO–CNT nanocontacts. Carbon, 49, 3835-3841, 2011. (IF=6.160)4. Rui Jin, Shengli Zhang,Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Peng Wang, Huiping Tian. Theoretical investigation of adsorption and dissociation of H2 on (ZrO2)n (n=1–6) clusters. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 36, 9069-9078, 2011. (IF=2.930)20103. Shengli Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Hui Liu, Peng Wang, Huiping Tian, First–principles study of field emission properties of Graphene–ZnO nanocomposite. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114, 19284-19288, 2010. (IF=4.835)2. Shengli Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Hui Liu, Huiping Tian, First-principles study of structural, electronic and vibrational properties of aluminum-doped silica nanotubes. Chemical Physics Letters, 498, 172-177, 2010. (IF=1.991)1. Shengli Zhang, Yonghong Zhang, Shiping Huang, Peng Wang and Huiping Tian. Molecular dynamics simulations of silica nanotube: structural and vibrational properties under differenttemperatures. Chinese Journal of Chemical Physics, 23, 497-503, 2010. (IF=0.720)。

最全的健康安全环保专业名词缩写、词典清单作为一个EHS管理人员必须掌握的一些健康安全环保英文、专业名词等，请收藏：1.常用健康安全环保英文缩写清单序号英文缩写英文全称中文翻译1 HSE Health Safety Environment 健康安全环保2 FI Fatal Injury 死亡事故3 LTI Lost Time Injury 损失工作日事故4 MI Medical Injury 医疗救助事故5 FA First Aid Injury 急救事故6 NM Near-Miss Incident 险兆事故7 LWD Lost Work Day 损失工作天数8 LTIFR Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate 损失工作日事故频率9 SR Serious Rate 事故严重率10 SER Serious Event Review 严重事件评审11 RCA Root Cause Analysis 根本原因分析12 MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet 危险化学品安全技术说明书13 COD Chemical Oxygen Demand 化学需氧量14 BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand 生化需氧量15 SS Suspended Substance 悬浮物16 PH Potential of Hydrogen PH值（氢离子浓度指数）17 PPE Personalprotective equipment个人防护用品（装备）18 VFL Visible Felt Leadership 可视可感领导力19 RA Risk Analysis 风险分析20 JHA Job Hazard Analysis 工作风险分析21 JSA Job Safety Analysis 工作安全分析22 HOC Hierarchy Of Controls 控制措施优先次序23 WAH Work At Height 高空作业24 LIFT LIFT 起重作业25 ME Mobile Equipment 移动设备26 CSA Corrective Safety Action 紧急行动计划27 LOTO Lock Out & Tag Out 上锁挂牌28 LOTOTO Lock Out & Tag Out & Try Out 上锁挂牌验证29 WBGT Wet & Black Globe Temperature 湿球黑球温度30 LGSS LiuGong Safety standard 柳工安全标准库(含健康环保)31 EI Energy Isolation 能量隔离32 PTW Permit To Work 作业许可33 HERA Hazard Energy Risk Analysis 危险能量风险分析34 HECP Hazard Energy Control Process 危险能量控制程序35 STOP Safety-Training-Observation- Programme 安全-培训-观察-程序36 CSM Contractor Safety Management 合同方安全管理37 TWA Time Weighted Average 时间加权平均38 PC-TWA Permissible concentration-Time WeightedAverage时间加权平均容许浓度39 STEL Short Term Exposure Limit 短期接触限值40 PC-STEL Permissible concentration-Short TermExposure Limit短期接触容许浓度41 WBC White Blood Cell 白细胞42 RBC Red Blood Cell 红细胞43 PLT Platelet 血小板44 HB Hemoglobin 血红蛋白45 TCH Total Cholesterol 总胆固醇46 TG Triglyceride 甘油三酯47 HDL High Density Lipoprotein 高密度脂蛋白48 ALT/GPT Alanine amiotransferase/Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase谷丙转氨酶49 AST/GOT Aspartatetransaminase/Glutamic-Oxal(o)acetic Transaminase谷草转氨酶50 AFP A-fetoprotein 甲胎蛋白51 HbsAg Hepatitis B surface Antigen 乙肝表面抗原52 HbsAb Hepatitis B surface Antibody 乙肝表面抗体2.常用健康安全环保专业名词序号英文翻译中文名词缩写1 Occupational disease 职业病2 Suspicious Occupational disease 疑似职业病3 Occupational Observation Object 职业观察对象4 Pneumoconiosis 尘肺病5 Occupational benzene poisoning 职业性苯中毒6 Occupational noise deaf 职业性噪声聋7 Occupational hazard 职业病危害8 Occupational Contraindication 职业禁忌症9 Dust Medical Observation Object (alsocalled 0+)粉尘作业医学观察对象（旧称0+）O+10 High Manganese in Urine 尿锰偏高11 High Chromium in Urine 尿铬偏高12 Low WBC (White Blood Cell) 白细胞偏低13 Hearing Loss Observation Object 听力损失观察对象14 Hemorrheology check 血流变检查15 Qualified Rate of Dust Poisition 尘毒点合格率16 Environmental Pollution Accident 环境污染事故17 Smoke Dust 烟尘18 Sulfur Dioxide 二氧化硫SO219 Nitrogen Oxides 氮氧化物20 Ringelmann Blackness 林格曼黑度21 Dust 粉尘22 Hexavalent Chromium 六价铬Cr6+23 Waste Water 废水24 Waste Air 废气25 Noise 噪声26 Dangerous Solid Waste 危险废弃物27 Benzene 苯28 Methylbenzene 甲苯29 Xylene 二甲苯3.健康安全环保词典序号英文翻译中文名词缩写1 Hazard 危险2 Safety 安全3 Risk 风险4 Hazardous Source 危险源5 Environmental Factor 环境因素6 National Production Safety Policy 国家安全生产方针7 Three Violations of Rules in Safety 三违8 Four Principles of No Harm 四不伤害9 Four Principles for Accident/Incidentinvestigation and Record四不放过10 Four New Technology 四新11 Five Simultaneousness System ofProduction Safety生产安全“五同时”12 Fatal Injury 死亡事故FI13 Lost Time Injury 损失工作日事故LTI14 Medical Injury 医疗救助事故MI15 First Aid Injury 急救事故FA16 Near-Miss Incident 险兆事故NM17 Total Working Hours of LiuGongEmployees公司员工工作小时总数18 Lost Work Day 损失工作日天数LWD19 LiuGong Employee 柳工公司员工20 Contractor Employee 合同方员工21 Third-party Employee 第三方员工22 Lost Time Injury Frequency Rate 损失工作日事故频率LTIFR23 Serious Rate 事故严重率SR24 Medical Injury Frequency Rate 医疗救助事故频率MIFR25 Total Injury Frequency Rate 总伤害频率TIFR26 Personal protective equipment 劳动防护用品PPE27 Mandatory Personal protective equipment 强制性劳动防护用品28 Safety Shoes 安全鞋29 Safety Hamlet 安全帽30 High Vsibility Clothing 高可见度服装31 Basic Personal protective equipment 基本劳动防护用品32 Head Protective Equipment 头部护具类33 Respirator Equipment 呼吸护具类34 Glass/Mask Protecitve Equipment 眼（面）护具类35 Protective Clothing 防护服类36 Protective Shoes 防护鞋类37 Fall-off Protective Equipment 防坠落护具类38 Elimination 消除39 Alternative Measure 替代措施40 Isolation Measure 隔离措施41 Project Measure 工程措施42 Management Measure 管理措施43 Hoist and Crane Equipment Safety 起重机械安全44 Hoist and Crane Equipment 起重机械45 Transformation & Movement 改造和移动46 Overhaul 大修47 Special Equipment 特种设备48 Boiler 锅炉49 Pressure Vessel 压力容器50 Pressure Pipeline 压力管道51 Elevator 电梯52 Field (Plant) Exclusive Vehicle 场（厂）内专用机动车辆53 Special Equipment Operator 特种设备操作人员54 Special Task Personnel 特种作业人员55 Special Task 特种作业56 Three Simulataneousness System ofConstruction Project建设项目“三同时”57 Three Simulataneousness 三同时58 Pre Evaluation of Occuptional DiseaseHarm职业病危害预评价59 Occupation hazards control effect evaluation 职业病危害控制效果评价60 Environmental Impact Assessment 环境影响评价EIA61 Safety Assessment Prior to Start 安全预评价62 Safety Assessment Upon Completion 安全验收评价63 Occupational Disease 职业病64 Pneumoconiosis Medical ObservationObject尘肺医学观察对象65 Three Level Prevention of OccupationDisease职业病的三级预防66 Occupational Harm Factor 职业性的有害因素67 Productive Toxictant 生产性毒物68 Productive Dust 生产性粉尘69 Occupational Poisoning 职业中毒70 Occupational Contraindication 职业禁忌71 Hot Work 高温作业72 Cold Work 低温作业73 Common Occupational Disease 常见职业病74 Pneumoconiosis 尘肺病75 Silicosis 矽肺病76 Welder’s Pneumoconiosis 电焊工尘肺77 Occupational Noise Deafness 职业性噪声性耳聋78 Hand-arm Vibration Syndrome 手臂振动病79 Electric Ophthalmia 电光性眼炎80 Benzene Poisoning 苯中毒81 Chromeulcer 铬疮82 Manganese Poisoning 锰中毒83 Heatstroke 中暑84 Painting Task Low WBC 油漆作业白细胞偏低85 Hemorrheology Check 血流变检查86 Dust Task Hemorrheology Check 粉尘作业血流变异常87 Environmental Protection 环境保护88 Environmental Protection Facilities 环保设备89 Clearer Production 清洁生产90 Clearer Energy 清洁能源91 Cyclic Economy 循环经济92 Low Cabin Economy 低碳经济93 Greenhouse Effect 温室效应94 Plastic Pollution 白色污染95 Primary Pollutant 一次污染物96 Secondary Pollutant 二次污染物97 Acid Rain 酸雨98 “Three Wastes” “三废”99 Solid Waste 废弃物100 P hysical Treatment 物理处理101 C hemical Treatment 化学处理102 R eclaimed Water Reuse Technology 中水回用技术103 A eration 曝气104 R ingelmann Blackness 林格曼黑度105 P otential of Hydrogen pH值pH 106 S uspended Substance 水质中的悬浮物SS 107 C hemical Oxygen Demand 化学含氧量COD 108 B iochemical Oxygen Demand 生物含氧量BOD5 109 G ravitate Dust Filter 重力除尘器110 C yclone Dust Filter 旋风除尘器111 B ag Dust Filter 袋式除尘器112 W et Dust Filter 湿法除尘器。

网院北语18秋《综合英语II》作业_4（满分）------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ μ￥??ìa1(4·?) : A pair of broken glasses ______ on the desk.A: is layingB: is lyingC: are lyingD: are laying2(4·?) : Paper money was in __ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in __ thirteenth century.A: the,B: the,theC: ,theD: ,3(4·?) : __________ for such a dangero us journey, many people died because of hunger and cold.A: UnpreparingB: UnpreparedC: Having unpreparedD: To have unprepared4(4·?) : I was about to go out _____ the phone rang.A: whyB: whereC: whenD: while5(4·?) : we will have learned 3000 words ____the end of this year.A: byB: inC: atD: on6(4·?) : So carelessly _____ that he almost killed himself.A: he drivesB: does he driveC: did he driveD: he drove7(4·?) : Danby left word with my secretary ____________ he would call again in the afternoon.A: whoB: thatC: asD: which8(4·?) : Robinson Crusoe had to live____wild fruits and fish on the desert island.A: withB: from------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ C: inD: on9(4·?) : Man cannot live without______ water.A: aB: theC: anD: /10(4·?) : The doctor has saved a lot of lives ____ he became a doctor.A: afterB: sinceC: untilD: /11(4·?) : The music aroused an ____feeling of homesickness in him.A: intentionalB: intermittentC: intenseD: intrinsic12(4·?) : It is difficult to ___ legend from truth.A: divideB: isolateC: separateD: part13(4·?) : Investigators agreed that passengers on the airliner____at the very moment of the crash.A: should have diedB: must be dyingC: must have diedD: ought to die14(4·?) : The letter ____ an investigation of the facts.A: applies forB: cares forC: allows forD: calls for15(4·?) : I must finish painting the cat ____ five minutes.A: inB: atC: withinD: /16(4·?) : People who hate public speaking probably ____ consider jobs such as teaching or broadcast journalism.A: shouldn?ˉtB: shouldC: wouldn't------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ D: would17(4·?) : The law ____ all persons.A: applied toB: applied forC: called forD: contributed to18(4·?) : It is reported that two schools, _____are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A: they bothB: which bothC: both of themD: both of which19(4·?) : We must learn to distinguish friend ____ foeA: fromB: offC: apartD: out20(4·?) : In a coming-of-age ritual among the Apache, a girl must dance early in the morning for many hours without ___.A: stoppedB: stopC: stoppingD: to stop21(4·?) : I ____ Bob yesterday on main street.A: ran afterB: ran againstC: ran intoD: ran away22(4·?) : I often swim ____ the riverA: acrossB: crossC: overD: /23(4·?) : Mother finally ____ all the toys of her children since they are grown-ups now.A: give outB: give awayC: put awayD: put down24(4·?) : Nowhere else in the world _____ cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong. A: a tourist can findB: can a tourist findC: a tourist will find------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ D: a tourist has found25(4·?) : The mother is telling her son."You______eat with your fingers!"A: wouldn'tB: hadn't toC: mustn'tD: shouldn't toμ￥??ìa1(4·?) : A pair of broken glasses ______ on the desk.A: is layingB: is lyingC: are lyingD: are laying2(4·?) : Paper money was in __ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in __ thirteenth century.A: the,B: the,theC: ,theD: ,3(4·?) : __________ for such a dangerous journey, many people died because of hunger and cold.A: UnpreparingB: UnpreparedC: Having unpreparedD: To have unprepared4(4·?) : I was about to go out _____ the phone rang.A: whyB: whereC: whenD: while5(4·?) : we wil l have learned 3000 words ____the end of this year.A: byB: inC: atD: on6(4·?) : So carelessly _____ that he almost killed himself.A: he drivesB: does he driveC: did he driveD: he drove7(4·?) : Danby left word with my secretary ____________ he would call again in the afternoon.A: whoB: that------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ C: asD: which8(4·?) : Robinson Crusoe had to live____wild fruits and fish on the desert island.A: withB: fromC: inD: on9(4·?) : Man cannot live without______ water.A: aB: theC: anD: /10(4·?) : The doctor has saved a lot of lives ____ he became a doctor.A: afterB: sinceC: untilD: /11(4·?) : The music aroused an ____feeling of homesickness in him.A: intentionalB: intermittentC: intenseD: intrinsic12(4·?) : It is difficult to ___ legend from truth.A: divideB: isolateC: separateD: part13(4·?) : Investigators agreed that passengers on the airliner____at the very moment of the crash.A: should have diedB: must be dyingC: must have diedD: ought to die14(4·?) : The letter ____ an investigation of the facts.A: applies forB: cares forC: allows forD: calls for15(4·?) : I must finish painting the cat ____ five minutes.A: inB: atC: within------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ D: /16(4·?) : People who hate public speaking probably ____ consider jobs such as teaching or broadcast journalism.A: shouldn?ˉtB: shouldC: wouldn'tD: would17(4·?) : The law ____ all persons.A: applied toB: applied forC: called forD: contributed to18(4·?) : It is reported that two schools, _____are being built in my hometown, will open next year.A: they bothB: which bothC: both of themD: both of which19(4·?) : We must learn to distinguish friend ____ foeA: fromB: offC: apartD: out20(4·?) : In a coming-of-age ritual among the Apache, a girl must dance early in the morning for many hours without ___.A: stoppedB: stopC: stoppingD: to stop21(4·?) : I ____ Bob yesterday on main street.A: ran afterB: ran againstC: ran intoD: ran away22(4·?) : I often swim ____ the riverA: acrossB: crossC: overD: /23(4·?) : Mother finally ____ all the toys of her children since they are grown-ups now.A: give outB: give away------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ C: put awayD: put down24(4·?) : Nowhere else in the world _____ cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong. A: a tourist can findB: can a tourist findC: a tourist will findD: a tourist has found25(4·?) : The mother is telling her son."You______eat with your fingers!"A: wouldn'tB: hadn't toC: mustn'tD: shouldn't to。

principles of risk analysisPrinciples of Risk AnalysisRisk analysis is a crucial process that helps organizations and individuals identify, assess, and mitigate potential threats to their objectives, assets, and well-being. It involves a systematic approach to understanding the nature of risks, their likelihood of occurrence, and the potential consequences they may entail. Here are the fundamental principles that underlie effective risk analysis: Identification of Risks: The first step in risk analysis is to identify all possible risks that could affect the organization or individual. This involves identifying internal and external factors that could lead to negative outcomes.Quantification of Risks: Quantifying risks involves estimating the probability of their occurrence and the potential impact they could have. This helps in prioritizing risks and allocating resources for their management.Evaluation of Risks: Evaluation involves assessing the significance of each risk based on its probability and impact. This helps in identifying the most critical risks that require immediate attention.Risk Treatment: Once risks are evaluated, it is necessary to develop strategies to treat or manage them. This may include risk avoidance, risk reduction, risk transfer, or risk acceptance based on the organization's risk tolerance and objectives.Monitoring and Review: Risks are dynamic and constantly evolving. It is, therefore, essential to monitor and review the risk management plan regularly to ensure its effectiveness. This involves tracking changes in risk profiles and updating the risk management plan accordingly.Transparency and Communication: Effective risk analysis requires transparent communication among all stakeholders. This ensures that everyone is aware of the risks facing the organization and the strategies being implemented to manage them.Compliance with Standards and Regulations: Risk analysis must comply withrelevant standards, guidelines, and regulations to ensure its legitimacy and credibility. This helps in building trust with external stakeholders and maintaining a positive reputation.In conclusion, principles of risk analysis provide a framework for organizations and individuals to manage risks effectively. By adhering to these principles, they can identify, assess, and mitigate risks, protecting their assets, objectives, and well-being.。

美国陪审团的一致裁决原则：历史与当下关键词: 美国，陪审团，一致裁决原则内容提要: 陪审团的一致裁决原则起源于14世纪的英国，作为一项普通法的传统，它在美国确立后经历了一个联邦强制适用与各州选择适用并存这一局面被明确和强化的过程。

虽然饱受质疑，但是从一致裁决原则对陪审团司法工具价值和政治民主价值的发挥及对审判成本控制的影响这三个角度出发综合考虑，其在一定时间内还将继续存在下去。

“你为什么会认为他无罪？”“虽然你们11个都认为他有罪，但我想先和你们好好谈谈，否则我很难说服自己举手认同你们的观点，送这个男孩去死。

”[1]作为美国司法体系的核心组成部分，陪审团制度曾为其赢得了广泛的赞[2]。

陪审团审理案件时，在就相关情况进行充分的“秘密评议”[3]后，无论要做出有罪还是无罪裁决，均需首先在其内部达成一致意见，否则会导致无效审判（mistrial）的出现（此时陪审团相应地被称作“悬置陪审团”（hung ju-ry）—这就是美国陪审团的一致裁决原则[4]。

这项原则起源于英国，作为普通法的传统为美国所接受后，长期以来被视为一项“神圣不可侵犯的”[5]、“统治性的规则”[6]，并作为陪审团制度的“基石”[7]、裁决规则的“底线”[8]在美国联邦法院系统和州法院系统被严格遵行。

然而，随着一系列具有争议的陪审团裁决的出现[9]，美国民众对陪审团审判“不准确、不公正”的印象日益滋生，对其进行根本性改革的呼声也越来越高[10]。

在这种整体性的不满之中，指向一致裁决原则的自然也占有相当大的比重。

有学者认为这是一个“过时的传统”[11]，甚至认为它所带来的危害正是现在陪审团面临的“最严重的问题之一”[12]。

与民众的呼声和学界的议论相伴，在司法实践中，这一原则也已有所松动。

虽然在联邦层面，依然继续严格要求使用一致裁决，但是在各州，情况则发生了变化。

就刑事案件而言，路易斯安那州和俄勒冈州已经在州宪法中明确规定，除死刑案件外，其他案件允许非一致裁决。

家具设计中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：Researches and Development of InteractiveEducational Toys for ChildrenAbstract: For Oriented by the teaching philosophy "game based learning", this paper carried out an in-depth research on the interactive mode of children's educational toys. In the research process, it attempted to build a new immersed educational-game scenario for children by using the new interactive technology so as to inspire the children's interest in learning and exploration. The research object in this paper was an interactive educational toy-"funny tap" English learning machine for children. After integrating the design concept of this product from an industrial designperspective, we selected specific interactive technology and completed the engineering. Moreover, we have conducted tests of work principles and effect of usage based on the sample machine. The final result indicated that there is a promising and huge market potential to apply the new interactive technology to development of educational toys.Keywords: Interactive Educational Toys, Interactive Design, interactive mode1.INTRODUCTIONSince 1980s, human beings including the children have entered a digital age. Under the influence of the advanced information, early stage education machines, electronic building blocks, electronic wall charts, and other new toys have become children's new favorites. With the influence of the west teaching philosophy-"game based learning", parents are strongly agreed with such toys for children. These modern educational toys will become the mainstream of toy development due to their promotion of children's learning, practical ability, creativity and imagination.Interaction exists in all things contacted by humans, and interactive design emerged to design a kind of communication and dialogue between human and objects to minimize the "cognitive conflict". As a new design theory, interactive design has a wide range of applications in designing educational toys.2. THE PLAN AND BENEFITS OF THE INTERACTIVE MODE OFCHILDREN 'S TOYSThe rise of various digital technologies, such as voice recognition, 3D video, and virtual reality technology etc., gives new experience to people's perception. The author aimed to apply these new digital technologies to the researches of interactive educational toys design.The plan of the interactive mode of children's educational toys:2.1. Voice InteractionVoice interaction voice includes touch voice interaction, voice command interaction and intelligent voice interaction. Touch voice interaction and voice command interaction have been very common, such as electronic wall charts, televox;intelligent voice interaction is the author's aim to create a genuine dialogue between children and simulation toys through digital technology, to foster children's language ability, particularly in a family with only one child, the children need a "partner" to accompany them to learn and play with.2.2. Video InteractionVideo interaction can be divided into 2D image interaction and 3D video interaction. The former has been broadly used in toys, such as in multimedia courseware, image or video of horse will appear when referring to "horse"; 3D video interaction is the author's aim to apply 3D projection technology in the "play" process, for instance, when referring to a green grassland, a grassland projection will appear so that children feel like being on the grassland, which enhances children's learning experience; meanwhile, this enhanced emotional experience will prolong the memory retention time or even extend to a ultra- long-term memory.2.3. Narrative InteractionNarrative interaction is to conceive a story for the toy and offer a task role for children to make them participate in the story. The steps are shown in Figure 1:Fig. 1. The steps of narrative interactionBased on children's curiosity and imitation psychology as well as the investigation of the games, the author found the correct application of story interaction in educational toys can greatly mobilize children's learning enthusiasm, for example, we conceive an English learning process as treasure hunt activity. In this activity, the words are hidden in the treasure box, and children themselves are explorers, if they put one or a few words together, they will get a treasure box, and they can also make a competition with peers to get the treasure boxes. Through establishment of game theme, selection of roles, and plot development in the activities, children not only increase their knowledge of English, also learn how to get along with peers and develop good self-awareness.2.4. Web Virtual Reality InteractionWeb virtual reality interaction is virtual imaging through network connections, making you feel like your partners sitting, playing and learning with you, to deliberatethe loneliness in the contemporary families, and promote children's learning initiative in the competitive context.Psychological research shows that with respect to the learners, the learning behavior resulting in emotional pleasure experience will produce a positive emotional resonance, thereby enhancing the learners' learning initiative and enthusiasm. The realistic educational-game scenario created by interactive educational toys for children not only brings emotional pleasure experience to children so that learning is no longer boring for them with a purpose of mobilizing the enthusiasm of study and developing creative thinking, but also enhances children's social communication ability to help children establish good social character favorable for their life.3. DEVELOPMENT OF INTERACTIVE EDUCATIONAL TOY—"FUNNYTAP"Parents are head-ached on children's learning English, so we focus on developing an interactive English learning toy to help the children remembering words in game scenario and stimulate their interests in learning English, and training children's hand operation and brain coordination.The development practice procedure of interactive toy for children-"funny tap" is shown in Figure 2 as following:Fig. 2. The development practice procedure of "funny tap"3.1. The development process of interactive concept of interactive educational toy-"funny tap"It is the development process of "funny tap" interactive concept. After investigating the object group of children and parents about their needs of English learning machine, we summarized six key indicators such as security, fun and incentive. Here we mainly describe three models of interactions shaded in Figure 3.To meet the requirement of fun, the author designed a narrative interactive process, as is shown in Figure 3:Fig. 3. The narrative interactive process of "funny tap"The word learning process is conceived as a game of whack-a-mole, imagining there are N mole holes, and there are M letters in a word (i.e. M moles with a letter). If you tap down M jumping moles in accordance with the order, you will get the cheers, if the tap is not correct, it will continue to call "come on"; meanwhile, the action of "tap" is not only funny, but also effective to train children's hands and brain coordination.Voice interaction was prepared by the microcontroller program to control the voice modules. There are two features regarding the "funny pat": one is word pronunciation; the other is the design of the applause and cheering voices for reward and punishment, which help to reach the goal of incentive.In the first stage, video interaction was prepared by displaying the letters on buttons through LED dot matrix character display modules mainly controlled by microcontroller; in the second stage, we provided toy with 3D projector for projecting the whole process in the air to construct a 3D emotional scenario, and the action of "tap" is to tap the projections in the air.3.2. Principle diagram of interactive educational toy for children-"funny tap" The operation principle of "funny tap" is shown in Figure 4:Fig. 4. The operation principle of "funny tap"The system consists of six components, such as voice module, LED indicator, action back module, MCU, power module and LED dot matrix character display module. Among these, the three formers are connected with MCU through 8-bit data bus; LED dot matrix character display module is connected with the microcontroller through the 12C bus. Voice module stores English word pronunciation documents needed in the game, and MCU pronounces the word by controlling the voice module via the bus. LED dot matrix character display module consists of driver chips and the 8*8 LED matrix. MCU bus control LED dot matrix character display module via I2C to show the corresponding English letters. Action back module tests and captures the player's actions during the game for the MCU to judge whether the player conducts normal actions to control the game process.3.3. Appearance design process of interactive educational toy-"funny tap"The following Figure 5 is a design process from sketch, modelling, model-making to the final product and the drawing of the product structure explosion.Fig. 5. Appearance design process of "funny tap"3.4. Interaction testSample of N (N is an odd number) preschool children was randomly selected to test the product's availability, usability and user's willingness of using it. Mainly onsite testing observation and questionnaire survey, and then we improve the product according to the test results.Testing times are equal to or more than I so as to find the products with highest interaction. In the product final trial, most of parents fed back that this toy combined fun and knowledge well and the whole learning process was very smooth and the children were very happy when "learning".4. SUMMARY AND PROSPECTChina is a large country of toy manufacturing, but it still remains in the stage of imitating foreign design, especially in educational toy design. The research and practice of interactive educational toys in this study is expected to give some thought and inspiration to toy designers so as to further promote the development of Chinese toy industry.REFERENCES[I] Liu Zaihua, Children's Social Intelligence, Anhui People's Publishing House, 2008.[2] KARL T. ULRICH, STEVEN D. EPPINGER, Product Design and Developmen,Higher Education Press, 2005.[3] (U.S.) Robert J. stembeg, Translated by Yang Bingjun, Chen Yan, Chow Zhiling,Cognitive Psychology, Beijing: China Light Industry Press, 2006.[4] Zhang Zhcnzhong, Li Yanjun, Classification Research of Educational Toys,Textiles and Design, December 2008 Vol. 12.[5] Li Qiaodan, Xia Hongwen, On the Function of Digitized Bran-training Toys inElementary Education, China Education Informationalization Issuing Department.[6] Song Jun, Researches on Design Principles of Children's Educational Toys,[Online]. Available: [7] Liu Mingliang, " The Principle Production and Purchasing of Electronic Toys", New Era Press, 1992.Toy development and design based on the needs of olderpersonsAbstract:In china, aging and the life-quality of older persons has become today’s important issues of social concern, and how to solve this problem thus turns to be an important challenge in the design and development of supplies for the old. Now, the ensuing ways to solve varied. For instance, the design community has put emphasis on the design and development of the supplies for the old, but a large part of these de signs were for medical care and medical products of the senior person. The designsfor the vast majority of the healthy people in their senior age are rarely involved. In this, I think, for the function of toys, the emphasis on the development of physical and mental health of older persons is the key, so to rethink the development of toys for the old persons in china is one of the ways.Keywords: Toys for the old, Needs design, humane careMentions of the toys, we always unconsciously think of the innocent children, as if toys are just child’s belongings. With the improvement of living standards, emphasis on the toys is constantly improved. To meet the needs of children, various designs are brought out, and then from luxury goods, toys have gradually become the child’s necessities. However, the authorities of the china toy association state that the toy is no longer the children’s only product: toy concept has been extended and functional and practical range of modern toy has been further expanded. Toys not only inspire children, but also become the recreation products for the seniors. The old also need toys that could meet their spiritual needs and enrich their life in later years.1．Status of the development and design of toys for the seniorsIn china, toy for the old is still an industry to be developed. Senior people, as customers, they have needs and also purchasing power, but no targeted toys for them. There are as much as 130 million seniors in china who would be a huge consumer group, but the research and development of toys for old consumers has lagged behind developed country for more than 30 years.In America, the toys designed for the senior amount to 40% of the toy market. The toy market for old persons is more mature. They have many toy stores for the seniors throughout the urban and rural areas. Also our neighbor Japan does well in the development of toys for the old persons, and most toy companies have produced toys for seniors, and continued to introduce new products.2．The meaning of the development of toys for the seniorsRetiring from work, the senior people get more time than before. Besides watching TV at home, they have no many alternative entertainments. Some old people have been for a long period in loneliness. Over time, they are prone todepression, anxiety disorder and Alzheimer’s, seriously affecting their physical and mental health and become burden to children and society.Li guangqing in department of rehabilitation of Beijing Xuanwu Hospital once said: “with age increasing, the function of the body of the seniors gradually degraded, and their reaction will be clumsier. At the same time, retirement from work, the opportunity for the old to use their brain reduces, which further brings the decline of attention and cognitive ability. Except to maintain good habits and moderate exercise, to slow down brain aging, putting hands and brain in work at the same time is the most effective way, which is exactly the function of toys. for people with Alzheimer’s, playing with toys, to some extent, would alleviate the condition.Therefore, toys can develop people’s thinking ability, and improve our intelligence. If the seniors play with toys constantly, the aging of the brain and the Alzheimer’s would be effectively prevented. Medical experts found that to maintain old people’s intelligence, we must first fully protect the brain. In addition to proper nutrition and adequate sleep, the seniors should make most of the brain. Just as Chinese saying tells that”water does not rot, and the door hinge is never worm-eaten “, the more one use his brain, the more sensitive it becomes. Playing with toys is exactly a good way to use the brain. With toys, the old people not only receive more information, at the same time become more optimistic than before, thereby enhancing their immune system function.3．The needs-analysis of toys for the oldWhat is a needs analysis? This approach is to focus on the users’ needs. Users’needs are sources of many new products.What is the demand-design? it is the most front-end process for new product in its life cycle, and decides the success or failure of the new products. Needs-design starts from the businesses and designers’judgment of the market or the needs of users, and ends at planning proposals or technical specifications on description of the product development. Understand the market or user demand is a high-level investment for the success of the product.The development and design of toys for old persons should start from the needs ofthe seniors. Only a real understanding of the old consumers and their psychological and physiological needs can bring toys that give practical cares for the seniors physically and spiritually.Toys for the old should bring human care. Toy design process should be integrated into this concept. The aim of the toy design for the old is enhanced, with seniors-centered design principles, and with the help of analysis on the seniors’physiological psychological characteristics, cultural level and lifestyle. The toy design principle that shows humane care for the seniors is reflected at the same time.(1)Safety firstTo varying degrees, the judgment, cognitive ability and ability to respond of the old people weaken, thus in the process of using the product, they inevitably make mistakes. In case a threat to physical and mental health occurs, they usually are unable to escape the danger. Therefore, toys for the seniors should be fault-tolerant. So that, the old people even make a mistake, there will be no danger. Here the reduction of operation process and the set of message for safe operation is an effective way to ensure the safety of the seniors with toys.(2)Moderate difficultThe design of toys for the old should be of moderate difficulty, and the purpose is to arouse their interest in playing. If too simple, it would not enhance the interest of the seniors and thus would not achieve the aim of exercising the brain; if too difficult, it would be strenuous for them to learn, and consequently cause a sense of failure which is not conducive to their mental health.(3)Easy to identifyThe toy should have a familiar form and an understandable functional theory for the old. It should also be equipped with an interface in keeping with the experience and habits of the seniors. Besides, the toys that need interface design, should take into account the graphic symbols, size, color, clarity of sound, light intensity.(4)Facilitate communicationPeople’s feelings need to vent and exchange, especially for the seniors. For them, emotional communication is indispensable to maintain their vitality, andimprove the quality of life. Playing with toys, there are many ways for the old to choose, such as: taking turns to participate, working together and racing in the game. The development of multiple-persons playing toys is to create a harmonious environment in which they can talk when play. So the core of toy-development is to involve the participants as much as possible. For the participating ways, common collaborative participatory approach is the best, which is more conducive to conversation, and get to know some new friends. In this way the seniors can expand their social circle with emotional exchange.(5)The effect for keeping fitness and developing intelligenceIncreasing with age, people’s organ recession becomes an objective physiological phenomenon. In order to maintain good physical function and mental state, and improve the quality of life, fitness puzzle is a very important content in the lives of older persons. Body-building that can achieve with playing toys is the most basic needs of older persons. Old people by playing intellectual toys can effectively prevent Alzheimer’s disease, so to maintain the flexibility of the seniors’mind is the main direction of the toy development.(6)Cultural connotationsLife experiences bring the old people with more comprehensive concept of life, thus toys with a certain ideological and cultural depth usually put them in recollecting and thinking of issues. Toys for the seniors are different from those for children: a child plays a toy intuitively, while the old emphasize the toy’s inherent fun, and show great interest in the toys with cultural connotations. Of course, this culture must be familiar with the elderly, has gone deep into the ideological deep.Summing up, toys for the seniors have a promising market, for each one of us would inevitably become old. The design industry should make more efforts to improve the living standard of the seniors. One way is to develop toys for the old and help them improve their life quality with theses design. We all know, care for the old is to care for all mankind, and designing from the needs of the old has become an urgent task of today’s society.References：[1]Yang Guanghui. China’s Population Aging and the Industrial Structure [m].Liaoning Science and Technology Press, 2008.7.[2] Wang Lianhai. Chinese Toys, Art History [m], Hunan Fine Arts Publishing House, 2006.8.[3] Wang court. Toys And Innovative Design [m], Chemical Industry Press, 2005.12.儿童家具的人性化设计摘要：本文以儿童家具设计问题为出发点,提出人性化的概念在新的时代环境下的新解释,并指出新的人性化设计原则在儿童家具的设计方法中的实现,分析儿童家具的现状,并提出一些建议。

EUGMP附录1无菌产品生产-2020版（中英文对照）Annex 1 : Manufacture of Sterile ProductsEU GMP 附录1 无菌产品生产-2020版1 Scope范围The manufacture of sterile products covers a wide range of sterile product types (active substance, sterile excipient, primary packaging material and finished dosage form), packed sizes (single unit to multiple units), processes (from highly automated systems to manual processes) and technologies (e.g. biotechnology, classical small molecule manufacturing and closed systems). This Annex provides general guidance that should be used for the manufacture of all sterile products using the principles of Quality Risk Management (QRM), to ensure that microbial, particulate and pyrogen contamination is prevented in the final product.无菌产品的生产涵盖了广泛的无菌药品类型（活性成分，无菌辅料，内包材和制剂），包装量（从单个单位到多个单位），工艺（从高度自动化系统到人工操作）和技术（例如生物技术，常规小分子生产以及密闭系统）。

全文分为作者个人简介和正文两个部分：作者个人简介：Hello everyone, I am an author dedicated to creating and sharing high-quality document templates. In this era of information overload, accurate and efficient communication has become especially important. I firmly believe that good communication can build bridges between people, playing an indispensable role in academia, career, and daily life. Therefore, I decided to invest my knowledge and skills into creating valuable documents to help people find inspiration and direction when needed.正文：探究物体在斜面上的运动实验英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1An Experimental Investigation into the Motion of Objects on an Inclined PlaneIntroductionIn our physics class, we were tasked with conducting an experiment to explore the motion of objects on an inclined plane. This concept is not only fascinating from a scientific standpoint but also has numerous real-world applications, from understanding the dynamics of vehicles on slopes to designing efficient ramps and conveyor belts. As a student passionate about understanding the natural world, I was excited to delve into this hands-on learning experience.Theoretical BackgroundBefore diving into the experiment, it was essential to understand the theoretical principles underpinning the motion of objects on an inclined plane. According to Newton's laws of motion, when an object is placed on an inclined surface, it experiences two primary forces: the force of gravity acting vertically downward, and the normal force exerted by the surface perpendicular to the plane.The component of the gravitational force acting parallel to the inclined surface is responsible for causing the object's acceleration down the plane. This component, known as the parallel force, is proportional to the sine of the angle of inclination (θ) m ultiplied by the object's mass (m) and theacceleration due to gravity (g). The equation governing this relationship is:Parallel Force = m × g × sin(θ)Additionally, the acceleration of the object down the inclined plane is independent of its mass and solely depends on the angle of inclination and the acceleration due to gravity. This acceleration can be calculated using the following equation:Acceleration = g × sin(θ)These fundamental principles provided the theoretical foundation for our experiment, allowing us to formulate hypotheses and design an appropriate methodology.Experimental SetupTo conduct the experiment, we assembled the following materials:A sturdy wooden plankVarious objects of different masses (e.g., wooden blocks, metal cylinders)A protractor to measure the angle of inclinationA stopwatch or timerMeter sticks or measuring tapesNotebook and pen for recording observationsThe experimental setup involved positioning the wooden plank on a flat surface and adjusting its angle of inclination using books or blocks as supports. We measured the angle using the protractor and ensured that the surface was smooth and free from obstructions.ProcedureWe started by setting the plank at a specific angle, let's say 30 degrees.One team member held the object at the top of the inclined plane, while another prepared to time its descent using the stopwatch.Upon releasing the object, we recorded the time it took to travel a predetermined distance along the inclined plane.We repeated this process multiple times for the same object and angle, calculating the average time and velocity.Next, we varied the angle of inclination, keeping the same object, and repeated the timing measurements.Finally, we swapped objects of different masses and repeated the entire process for each new object.Data Collection and AnalysisThroughout the experiment, we meticulously recorded our observations, including the angle of inclination, object mass, distance traveled, and time taken for each trial. We then computed the average velocities and accelerations for each combination of angle and mass.To analyze the data, we plotted graphs of velocity versus time and acceleration versus the sine of the angle of inclination. These visual representations allowed us to identify patterns and evaluate the validity of the theoretical equations.Results and DiscussionOur experimental results largely aligned with the theoretical predictions. We observed that the acceleration of an object down the inclined plane was indeed independent of its mass, as predicted by the equation Acceleration = g × sin(θ). The grap hs of acceleration versus sine of the angle followed a linear trend, further confirming this relationship.Moreover, we noted that objects with larger masses experienced greater parallel forces, as expected from theequation Parallel Force = m × g × sin(θ). However, their accelerations remained constant for a given angle, aligning with the theoretical principles.Interestingly, we encountered some minor discrepancies between our experimental data and the theoretical values, which could be attributed to factors such as air resistance, friction, and measurement uncertainties. These deviations highlighted the importance of controlling experimental conditions and accounting for potential sources of error.ConclusionThrough this hands-on experiment, we gained valuable insights into the motion of objects on an inclined plane. We observed firsthand the relationships between acceleration, mass, and the angle of inclination, solidifying our understanding of the theoretical concepts.The experimental process also taught us essential skills in data collection, analysis, and critical thinking. We learned to design controlled experiments, record precise measurements, and interpret results in the context of scientific theories.Moving forward, we can apply the knowledge gained from this experiment to various real-world scenarios, such asanalyzing the motion of vehicles on slopes, optimizing the design of ramps and conveyor belts, or even understanding the dynamics of certain sports and recreational activities.Overall, this experimental investigation into the motion of objects on an inclined plane was an enriching and rewarding experience. It not only deepened our comprehension of physics principles but also cultivated our scientific curiosity and problem-solving abilities, preparing us for future scientific endeavors.篇2Investigating the Motion of Objects on an Inclined PlaneIt was just another typical day in physics class when Mr. Davis announced we would be doing a hands-on experiment to explore the motion of objects on inclined planes. I have to admit, I wasn't exactly thrilled at first. Physics experiments can sometimes be tedious and dull. However, as Mr. Davis explained what we'd be doing, I became more intrigued and even a little excited.The core idea was straightforward enough – we'd be rolling objects down ramps set at different angles and measuring their speeds and acceleration. But Mr. Davis hinted there would besome twists that would make it more engaging than just watching things roll down slopes. He divided us into groups of four, and each group received a plastic ramp, a stopwatch, a meterstick, some masking tape, and two objects – a hollow plastic cylinder and a solid aluminum cylinder of the same size.Once we had our materials, Mr. Davis went over the procedure. First, we would use the masking tape to make evenly spaced lines every 20 cm along the ramp to mark intervals. Then, for each angle we tested, we'd release the hollow cylinder from rest at the top and use the stopwatch to measure its time over each 20 cm interval to determine its speed at different points. We'd repeat this three times and average the results.The first angle seemed fairly tame – just 10 degrees from horizontal. I figured the cylinder would trickle down slowly in that case. But I was in for a surprise! Even at that modest angle, the cylinder quickly built up pretty good speed about halfway down the ramp. Clearly, the old saying "objects in motion tend to stay in motion" wasn't kidding around.After recording temps for the 10 degree trials, we had to tilt the ramp to 20 degrees and repeat. This time, I could definitely notice some serious acceleration happening as the cylinder rolled along. Mr. Davis then went around and checked our data,offering suggestions on techniques like when to start and stop the stopwatch.Once we had successfully timed the hollow cylinder, the real fun began. We switched over to the solid aluminum cylinder of the same diameter and mass. In theory, it should have accelerated at the same rate, assuming we neglected air resistance. However, pretty much every group noticed clear disparities between the hollow and solid cylinders.No matter how carefully we performed the timings, the solid cylinder consistently traveled slower than its hollow counterpart. At first, I figured we must be doing something wrong with our methods. But Mr. Davis assured us this discrepancy was exactly what he expected to see emerge. He then launched into an explanation about rotational inertia and how objects need to expend energy to set spinning motions in addition to linear motions.With the aluminum cylinder's mass concentrated toward its outer edges, it experienced greater resistance to rotation compared to the hollow cylinder. Thus, more of the cylinder's kinetic energy went into overcoming rotational inertia rather than just linear motion, resulting in slower overall speeds. Mind officially blown!Mr. Davis then had us ramp things up further by tilting the ramp to 30 degrees to accentuate the acceleration. Sure enough, the speed disparities between the solid and hollow cylinders became even more pronounced. As we timing technicians sweated through running trials, I realized this experiment had transformed into an engaging exploration of some pretty profound physics concepts.After completing all the ramp angles, Mr. Davis had us process our data into velocity vs time graphs. Seeing the curved lines vividly depict the accelerated motion helped solidify the concepts in a visual way. We analyzed our graphs and used the velocity and position data to calculate the accelerations of the cylinders down the ramps.While Newton's second law specifies that acceleration should depend only on mass and force, not shape or distribution, our numbers confirmed that rotational inertia created real disparities between the hollow and solid cylinders. The temperature was rising in that physics room as our brains worked to connect the experiments to the core concepts!For the finale, Mr. Davis had us investigate how changing the mass affected the acceleration by adding weights to the hollow cylinder. As expected, increasing the mass did reduce theacceleration compared to the unweighted trials, beautifully confirming the force to mass ratio relationship.What started as a seemingly simple experiment turned into an engrossing journey hitting on key topics like kinematics, Newton's laws, energy, rotational dynamics, and data visualization. My eyes were opened to how deceivingly simple setups can provide profound insights when you start plugging in the physics. I'll never look at a hollow cylinder the same way again!As I walked out of class, surprisingly energized instead of drained like after many labs, I felt grateful for a professor committed to creating engaging hands-on experiences. Too often, physics can get bogged down in dry equations disconnected from reality. But Dr. Davis's inclined plane experiment brilliantly revealed how the world actually works through a deceptively simple scenario.I don't know if I'll become a physicist, but I gained an appreciation for the mindset of uncovering truths about nature through well-designed experiments and modeling. Looking back, I'm really glad I didn't just dismiss this as "another lame physics lab." Sometimes the most valuable lessons come from unexpected places if you're willing to lean in with an open mind.Now if you'll excuse me, I need to go roll myself down a few inclined planes to verify some newly sparked inquiries!篇3Investigating the Motion of Objects on an Inclined PlaneAs a high school physics student, one of the most intriguing experiments we conducted was exploring the motion of objects on an inclined plane. This hands-on activity allowed us to witness firsthand the principles of mechanics and gain a deeper understanding of the interplay between forces, acceleration, and motion.The setup was deceptively simple: a long, smooth ramp propped at various angles, a selection of objects with different masses and materials, and a set of timers and rulers to measure distances and durations. However, behind this straightforward apparatus lay a world of fascinating observations and revelations waiting to be uncovered.Our first task was to release a small wooden block from the top of the ramp and observe its behavior. At a shallow angle, the block sluggishly crept down the incline, its motion seemingly defying the laws of gravity. As we increased the angle, the block's descent accelerated, gathering speed with each passing second.This stark contrast piqued our curiosity, prompting us to delve deeper into the underlying principles governing this phenomenon.Through our teacher's guidance and supplementary readings, we learned about the intricate interplay between the forces acting on the block. The weight of the object, represented by its mass and the acceleration due to gravity, pulled it downward. Simultaneously, the normal force exerted by the ramp surface counteracted this downward pull, resolving into components parallel and perpendicular to the incline.The parallel component of the normal force, commonly referred to as the "force of friction," opposed the block's motion, acting as a resistive force. Conversely, the component of the weight force parallel to the ramp provided the driving force, propelling the block forward. As we increased the angle, the driving force grew stronger relative to the frictional force, resulting in the observed acceleration.Armed with this newfound knowledge, we eagerly dove into our next set of experiments. We systematically varied the ramp's angle, meticulously measuring the block's displacement over fixed time intervals. By plotting these data points on graphs, weunveiled the remarkable relationship between the angle of incline and the acceleration of the object.Our findings corroborated the theoretical predictions: the acceleration increased proportionally with the sine of the angle, a direct consequence of the geometric resolution of forces. This validation of mathematical models through empirical evidence filled us with a profound sense of awe and appreciation for the predictive power of physics.Undeterred by our initial success, we pushed our investigation further by introducing objects of varying masses and materials. We observed that while the acceleration remained consistent for objects of the same mass and material, it varied across different compositions. Heavier objects experienced slower accelerations due to the increased frictional forces, while lighter ones zipped down the ramp with greater ease.The concept of friction took on a new dimension when we experimented with different surface materials on the ramp. Rough surfaces, such as sandpaper, significantly impeded the motion, while smoother surfaces facilitated faster accelerations. This revelatory insight highlighted the crucial role of surface properties in determining frictional forces and their impact on motion.As we progressed through our experiments, we encountered instances where our results deviated from theoretical predictions. Rather than being discouraged, these discrepancies fueled our curiosity and sparked lively discussions within our group. We hypothesized potential sources of error, such as imperfections in the ramp surface, air resistance, or measurement inaccuracies, and devised strategies to minimize their impact.One particularly thought-provoking observation emerged when we attempted to release the block from different heights along the ramp. Contrary to our initial expectations, the acceleration remained unaffected by the starting position, as long as the angle of incline remained constant. This counterintuitive finding challenged our intuitive notions and prompted us to reevaluate our understanding of the principles governing motion on inclined planes.Throughout our investigations, we encountered moments of triumph and frustration, successes and setbacks. However, each experience served as a invaluable learning opportunity, sharpening our critical thinking skills, fostering teamwork, and instilling in us a deep appreciation for the scientific method.As we concluded our experiments, we couldn't help but reflect on the broader implications of our findings. The principlesgoverning motion on inclined planes extend far beyond the confines of our classroom, manifesting in diverse natural phenomena and engineering applications. From the design of roller coasters and ski slopes to the construction of ramps and conveyor belts, a thorough understanding of these principles is crucial for optimizing efficiency and ensuring safety.Moreover, our investigation highlighted the importance of empirical observation and experimentation in validating theoretical models. While mathematical equations and simulations provide invaluable insights, their true power lies in their ability to accurately describe and predict real-world phenomena. By bridging the gap between theory and practice, we gained a deeper appreciation for the iterative nature of scientific inquiry and the continuous quest for knowledge.As I look back on this transformative experience, I am filled with a sense of gratitude for the opportunity to engage in hands-on learning and exploratory investigations. The lessons learned transcended the confines of physics, instilling in me a passion for lifelong learning, a commitment to intellectual curiosity, and a profound respect for the elegance and complexity of the natural world.。

Bulk billing杨辉【期刊名称】《中国全科医学》【年(卷),期】2006(9)21【摘要】Bulk Billing的直接翻译是“批量收费”，但其真正的含义是“澳洲国民医疗健康保险卡转账付费”，是澳大利亚国民健康保险的一个关键特征。

Bulk Billing是一种强有力的激励措施，【总页数】1页(P1793-1793)【作者】杨辉【作者单位】Month大学医学部初级卫生保健学院教授,澳大利亚维多利亚州【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R【相关文献】1.Decay properties of Markovian bulk-arrival and bulk-service queues with state-independent control [J], Lina ZHANG;Junping LI2.99Bill launches one.stop＂Personal Bill Center＂ service [J], 无3.First-principles investigation of diffusion behaviours of H isotopes From W（110） surface into bulk and in bulk W [J], 刘悦林; 卢苇; 高安远; 桂漓江; 张颖4.First-principles investigation of diffusion behaviours of H isotopes: From W(110) surface into bulk and in bulk W [J], Liu Yue-Lin; Lu Wei; Gao An-Yuan; Gui Li-Jiang; Zhang Ying5.希腊Star Bulk Carriers收购挪威Songa Bulk的15艘干散货船 [J],因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

学术论文(*通信作者)201264. 吴婧,巫翔,朱峰,张倩,秦善(2012): 掺Fe和V的金红石电子结构的第一性原理计算研究，岩石矿物学报，在印.63. 赖潇静,李奇,徐伟,陈栋梁,巫翔,秦善(2012): 金刚石中微量元素的同步辐射X射线荧光分析，地质科技情报，在印.62. Wu Y, Zhang Q, Wu X*, Qin S, and Liu J (2012): High pressure structural study of β-Ti3O5:X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy, Journal of solid state chemistry, accepted.61. Zhu F, Wu X*, and Qin S (2012): First-principles investigation on high-pressure structuralevolution of MnTiO3, Solid State Communications, online(/10.1016/j.ssc.2012.03.014).60. Wu Y, Wu X*, and Qin S (2012): Pressure-induced phase transition of Fe2TiO4: X-raydiffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy, Journal of solid state chemistry, 185, 72-75.59. Gu TT, Wu X, Qin S, Liu J, Li YC, and Zhang YF (2012): High-Pressure andHigh-Temperature in situ X-ray diffraction study of FeP2up to 70 GPa, Chinese Physical Letters, 29, 026102:1-3.58. Zhang LJ, Wang JQ, Li J, Zhou J, Cai WP, Chen J, Xu W, Wu X, Jiang Z, Zhang S, and WuZY(2012): High-Tc ferromagnetism in a Co-doped ZnO system dominated by the formation of a zince-blende type Co-rich ZnCoO phase. Chemical Communication, 48, 91-93.2011年57. Wu X*, Mookherjee M, Gu T T, and Qin S (2011): Elasticity and anisotropy of iron-nickelphosphides at high pressures, Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L20301.56. Gu T T, Wu X*, Qin S, and Dubrovinsky L (2011): In situ high-pressure study of FeP:Implications for planetary cores, Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 184, 154-159.55. Wu X*, Qin S, and Dubrovinsky L (2011): Investigation into high-pressure behaviour ofMnTiO3: X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy with diamond anvil cells, Geoscience Frontiers, 2, 107-114.54. Wu X*, Qin S, Gu TT, Yang J, and Manthilake G (2011): Structural and elastic properties ofCaGeO3 perovskite at high pressures, Physics of Earth and Planetary Interiors, 189, 151-156.53. Mookherjee M, Nakajima Y, Steinle-Neumann G, Glazyrin K, Wu X, Dubrovinsky L,McCammon C, Chumakov A (2011): High-pressure behavior of iron carbide (Fe7C3) at inner core conditions, Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, B04201.52. Zhang Q, Wu X*, and Shan Q (2011): In situ high-pressure X-ray diffraction experiments andab initio calculations of Co2P, Chinese Physics B, 20, 066101:1-6.51. Zhang Q, Yang J, Wu X*, and Qin S (2011): Phase stability and elasticity of Sc2O3 at highpressure, The European Physical Journal B, 84, 11-16.50. Zhai S M, Xue W H, Lin C C, Wu X, Ito E (2011): Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction oftuite at various temperatures, Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 38: 639-646.49. Liu Y X, Qin S, Wu X, Jiang J Z, Kikegawa T, Shi G H (2011): High pressure X-raydiffraction study of SrMnO3 perovskite, Chinese Physics C, 35, 514-518.48. 杨晶,顾婷婷,朱峰,巫翔*,秦善,刘景,李晓东(2011): 冰晶石(Na3AlF6)的高压研究:同步辐射X射线衍射和第一性原理计算，核技术，34(6), 406-41047. 杨晶,巫翔*,秦善(2011): (Fe0.03Ni0.97)8(Si0.79P0.21)3的等温状态方程研究，高压物理学报，25(3), 275-2802010年46. Wu X*, Steinle-Neumann G, Narygina O, McCammon C, and Dubrovinsky L (2010) In situhigh-pressure study of LiNbO3-type FeTiO3: X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy, High Pressure Research, 30, 395- 405.45. Zhai S M and Wu X (2010): X-ray diffraction study of β-Ca3(PO4)2 at high pressure, SolidState Communications, 150, 443-445.44. Zhai S M, Wu X and Ito E (2010): High-pressure Raman spectra of tuite, γ-Ca3(PO4)2,Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 41, 1011-1013.43. Wu X*, Holbig E, and Steinle-Neumann G (2010) Structural stability of TiO2 at high pressurein density-functional theory based calculations, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 22, 295501.42. Ovsyannikov S V, Wu X, Shchennikov V V, Karkin A E, Dubrovinskyaia N, Garbarino G, andDubrovinsky L (2010) Structural stability of a golden semiconducting orthorhombic polymorph of Ti2O3under high pressures and high temperatures, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 22, 375402.41. Wu X*, Qin S, Dubrovinsky L (2010) Structural characterization of the FeTiO3-MnTiO3 solidsolution, Journal of Solid State Chemistry, 183, 2483-2489.40. Wu X*, and Qin S (2010) First-principles calculations of the structural stability of Fe2P,Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 215, 012110.39. McCammon C, Dubrovinsky L, Narygina O, Kantor I, Wu X, Glazyrin K, I. Sergueev,Chumakov A I (2010) Low-Spin Fe2+ in silicate perovskite and a possible layer at the base of the lower mantle, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 180, 215-221.2009年38. Wu X*, Steinle-Neumann G, Qin S, Kanzaki M, and Dubrovinsky L (2009): Pressure-inducedphase transitions of AX2-type iron pnictides: an ab initio study, Journal of Physics: condensed matter, 21, 18540337. Wu X*, Steinle-Neumann G, Narygina O, Kantor I., McCammon C, Prakapenka V, Swamy V,and Dubrovinsky L (2009): High-pressure behavior of perovskite: FeTiO3 dissociation into (Fe1-δ,Tiδ)O and Fe1+δTi2-δO5, Physical Review Letters, 103, 06550336. Wu X*, and Steinle-Neumann G (2009): Phase stability and elasticity of ScAlO3at highpressure, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,73, A145435. Zhang H, Wu X, Nickel K G, Chen J, and Presser V (2009): High-pressure powder x-raydiffraction experiments and ab initio calculcation of Ti3AlC2, Journal of Applied Physics, 106, 01351934. Dubrovinsky L, El Goresy A, Gillet P, Wu X, and Simionivici A (2009): A novel naturalshock-induced high-pressure polymorph of FeTiO3ilmenite with the Li-Niobate structure from the Ries Crater, Germany, Meteorites & Planetary Science, 44, A6433. Narygina O, Mattesini M, Kantor I, Pascarelli S, Wu X, Aquilanti G, McCammon C andDubrovinsky L (2009): High-pressure experimental and computational XANES studies (Mg,Fe)(Si,Al)O3perovskite and (Mg,Fe)O ferropericlase as in the Earth’s lower mantle, Physical Review B, 79, 17411532. Narygina O, Kantor I, Wu X, Pascarelli S, Aquilanti G, McCammon C and Dubrovinsky L(2009): XANES study of spin crossover in Fe-bearing silicate perovskite, Phase Transition, 82, 336-34331. Wu X*, Steinle-Neumann G, Narygina O, Kantor I., McCammon C, Pascarelli S, Aquilanti G,Prakapenka V, and Dubrovinsky L (2009): Iron oxidation state of FeTiO3 under high pressure.Physical Review B, 79, 09410630. Wu X*, Kanzaki M, Qin S, Steinle-Neumann G, and Dubrovinsky L (2009): Structural studyof FeP2 at high pressure, High Pressure Research, 29, 235-2442008年以前29. Chen D L, Zhong J, Wu X, Wu Z Y, Mironova-Ulmane N, Kuzmin A, and Marcelli A(2008):Oxygen K-edge XANES investigation of Ni c Mg1-c O solid solutions, Spectrochimica Acta Part A, 70, 458-46128. Wu X and Wu Z Y (2006): Theoretical calculations of the high-pressure phases of ZnF2 andCdF2, The European Physical Journal B, 50, 521-52627. Wu X, Qin S and Wu Z Y (2006): First-principles study of structural stabilities, electronic andoptical properties of CaF2 under high pressure, Physical Review B, 73, 134103:1-826. Wu X, Qin S and Wu Z Y (2006): GGA calculations of the high-pressure behavior of YAlO3perovskite, Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 18, 3907-391625. Wu X, Wu Z Y, Guo L, Liu C, Liu J, and Li X D (2005): Pressure-induced phasetransformation in controlled shape ZnO nanorods, Solid State Communication, 135, 780-784 24. Wu X, Dong Y H, Qin S, Abbas M I, Wu Z Y (2005): First-principles study ofpressure-induced phase transition in CaTiO3, Solid State Communication, 136, 416-42023. Ibrahim K, Qian H J, Wu X, Abbas M I, and Wang J O et al. (2004): O 2p hole-assistedelectronic processes in the Pr1-x Sr x MnO3(x = 0.0, 0.3) system, Physical Review B, 70, 224433:1-922. Qin S, Wu X, Liu J, Liu J, Wu Z Y, Li X D, and Lu A H (2003): Compressibility of Epidote upto 20 GPa at 298 K, Chinese Physics Letters, 20(7), 1172-117421. Wu X, Qin S, Wu Z Y, Dong Y H, Liu J, and Li X D (2003): Perovskites (Pbnm) structurestransformations at high pressure, High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics, 27(supp), 72-76 20. Qin S, Wu X, Seifert F, and Becerro A I (2002): Micro-Raman Study of Perovskite in theCaTiO3-SrTiO3 System, Journal of the Chemical Society. Dalton Transactions, 19, 3751-3755 19. 马陈燕, 崔明启, 张凌云, 巫翔, 周克谨, 吴自玉, 陈兴. (Fe1-x Ni x)2P电子结构与磁学特性的X射线近边吸收谱研究, 物理学报, 2008,57(6), 3868-387418. 李海铭, 巫翔, 李炯, 陈栋梁, 储旺盛, 吴自玉. 高压下LiF和NaF的结构稳定性及其电子和光学性质的第一性原理研究, 物理学报, 2007, 56(12), 7201-720617. 李玉娟,巫翔,秦善,吴自玉. β-MnO2高压相的从头计算模拟, 高压物理学报, 2006,20(3),285-29016. 李海建,秦善,刘景,李晓东,巫翔.方钠石的原位高压X射线研究.岩石矿物学杂志,2006,25(4):323-32615. 祝向平,秦善,刘景,巫翔,李晓东,吴忠华.榍石的高压结构研究.矿物岩石,2006,26(3):6-11 14. 陈美华,陈征,狄敬如,路风香,巫翔.Ⅰa型褐色金刚石结构缺陷的同步辐射白光形貌特征.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,2005,30(2):187-19013. 秦善,刘景,祝向平,巫翔,李晓东.同步辐射与高压矿物学研究.地学前缘,2005,12(1):115-12213. 巫翔,秦善,吴自玉.从头计算在矿物压致相变研究中的应用.地质科技情报,2005,24(3):25-3012. 龚平,陈涛,巫翔.湖南含籽晶天然金刚石的同步辐射X射线衍射形貌像研究.地质科技情报,2005,24(3):31-3411. 奎热西·依布拉欣,钱海杰,买买提明·阿巴斯,苏润,巫翔等.Pr1-x Sr x MnO3体系中O2P空穴参与的O1s近边吸收谱.核技术,2005,28(3):183-18610. 王嘉鸥,奎热西,巫翔等.SrTi1-x Ru x O3系列类钙钛矿结构氧化物的电子结构研究.高能物理与核物理.2005:47-509. 陈涛,巫翔,亓利剑,王河锦.人造金刚石晶体缺陷的同步辐射X射线衍射形貌像浅析.人工晶体学报,2005,34(1):33-378. 巫翔,秦善,吴自玉,董宇辉,刘景,李晓东.钙钛矿CaTiO3的超高压结构研究.物理学报,2004,53(6):1967-19717. 祝向平,秦善,韩宝福,刘景,李晓东,巫翔.钛闪石的高压结构及其地质意义.岩石学报,2004,20(6):1456-14606. 李海建,秦善,祝向平,刘景,李晓东,巫翔,吴自玉.电气石的原位高压X射线衍射研究.核技术,2004,27(12):919-9225. 巫翔,秦善,李晓东,刘景,吴自玉.天然矿物硬玉(NaAlSi2O6)的压致相变研究.核技术,2004,27(12):923-9254. 陈涛,巫翔.合成金刚石的同步辐射劳埃形貌相研究.宝石和宝石学杂志,2004,6(1):13-16 3. 巫翔,吴自玉,田玉莲等.同步辐射X射线形貌术在宝石学中的应用.宝石和宝石学杂志,2003,5(3):15-182. 巫翔,周蜜.山东褐色蓝宝石的宝石学特征.珠宝科技,2001,(4):31-331. 秦善,鲁安怀,巫翔.Ca1-x Sr x TiO3(0≤x≤1)体系粉晶X射线研究.北京大学学报(自然科学版),2001,37(6):827-831。

会计英语试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. Which of the following is not a basic accounting element?A. AssetsB. LiabilitiesB. RevenuesD. Equity答案：C2. The accounting equation can be expressed as:A. Assets = Liabilities + EquityB. Assets + Liabilities = EquityC. Assets - Liabilities = EquityD. Liabilities - Equity = Assets答案：A3. What does the term "Double Entry Bookkeeping" refer to?A. Recording transactions in two accountsB. Recording transactions in two different currenciesC. Recording transactions in two different formatsD. Recording transactions in two different books答案：A4. Which of the following is not a type of adjusting entry?A. AccrualB. PrepaymentC. DepreciationD. Amortization答案：B5. The purpose of closing entries is to:A. Prepare financial statementsB. Adjust for accruals and deferralsC. Record the sale of inventoryD. Record the purchase of fixed assets答案：A6. Which of the following is a measure of a company's liquidity?A. Return on Investment (ROI)B. Debt to Equity RatioC. Current RatioD. Profit Margin答案：C7. The term "Depreciation" refers to:A. The decrease in value of an asset over timeB. The increase in value of an asset over timeC. The amount of an asset that is used upD. The process of selling an asset答案：A8. What is the purpose of a trial balance?A. To calculate net incomeB. To check the accuracy of accounting recordsC. To determine the value of assetsD. To calculate the cost of goods sold答案：B9. Which of the following is not a financial statement?A. Balance SheetB. Income StatementC. Cash Flow StatementD. Budget答案：D10. The accounting principle that requires expenses to be recorded in the same period as the revenues they generate is known as:A. Going ConcernB. Matching PrincipleC. Historical Cost PrincipleD. Materiality答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The __________ is the process of recording financial transactions in a systematic way.答案：Journalizing2. The __________ is a summary of the financial transactionsof a business during a specific period.答案：Ledger3. __________ is the accounting principle that requires all accounting information to be based on historical cost.答案：Historical Cost Principle4. The __________ is a financial statement that shows a company's financial position at a specific point in time.答案：Balance Sheet5. __________ is the process of estimating revenues and expenses for a future period.答案：Budgeting6. __________ is the accounting principle that requires all transactions to be recorded in the period in which they occur.答案：Accrual Basis Accounting7. The __________ is a financial statement that shows the results of a company's operations over a period of time.答案：Income Statement8. __________ is the process of determining the value of a company's assets and liabilities.答案：Valuation9. __________ is the accounting principle that requires alltransactions to be recorded in the order in which they occur.答案：Chronological Order10. The __________ is a financial statement that shows the sources and uses of cash during a period of time.答案：Cash Flow Statement三、简答题（每题15分，共30分）1. 描述会计信息的质量特征有哪些，并简要解释它们的含义。

17 July 2013EMA/INS/GCP/167386/2012Good Clinical Practice Inspectors Working Group (GCP IWG)Points to consider for assessors, inspectors and EMA inspection coordinators on the identification of triggers for the selection of applications for “routine” and/or “for cause” inspections, their investigation and scope of such inspectionsAdopted by GCP IWG12 June 2013 Adopted by CHMP 17 June 20137 Westferry Circus ● Canary Wharf ● London E14 4HB ● United KingdomTable of contents1. Introduction (3)2. Routine inspections (3)3. For cause inspections (5)3.1. Ethics (5)3.2. Investigators and Study Administrative Structure (6)3.3. Investigational Plan (6)3.4. Study patients (7)3.5. Efficacy and safety evaluation criteria and data (7)Annex 1 (9)1. IntroductionThere is a clear need to verify the GCP compliance of clinical trials included in applications to the centralised procedure, either as part of new applications, as extensions to existing authorisations for approved products, or as clinical information provided as part of post marketing obligations.The EMA relies for the scientific review of centralised applications for marketing authorisations for medicinal products on the expertise located in the Member States. Inspections are conducted by Member States’ inspectorates on behalf of the European Union. These inspections, which are co-ordinated by the EMA if they pertain to centralised applications, evaluate compliance with GCP and provide assurance to the CHMP with regard to the reliability and the quality of the data submitted.In principle, all clinical trials that are part of a marketing application dossier could merit closer scrutiny e.g. by an inspection. However, this is not feasible and not always necessary. A GCP inspection is a time and resource consuming process and therefore a request for an inspection should be considered when triggers are identified and alternative method cannot provide the necessary assurance, or when unresolved issues remain at the end of the evaluation process. In order to monitor GCP compliance and provide on-going assurance, some applications are selected for routine inspections, however the applications, clinical trials and sites should be selected based on a set of factors to ensure that a range of different situations are covered.Triggers may be detected at various phases of applications and assessments. They may be derived from the application dossier prior to the start of the evaluation (validation phase) and can also be used as predefined factors for the request of “routine” inspections, or they may follow from the assessment process itself leading to the request of “for cause” inspections.The impact of the various triggers is clearly different and should be evaluated in the light of the entire application. In cases where multiple triggers are present, it may be helpful to discuss these items already internally and with inspectors to clarify whether and how these can be evaluated during a GCP inspection.This document provides a non-exhaustive overview of the potential pre-defined factors that can be used for the selection of marketing authorisation applications (MAAs) to be part of a programme of routine inspections and non-exhaustive overview of potential triggers that can be detected at the different stages of the assessment process and that can help the assessor to decide on the need for “for cause” inspections and be used to prepare an inspection .This document does not cover triggers specific for inspection of bioequivalence trials as this is the subject of a separate document also available on the EMA website.2. Routine inspectionsRoutine GCP inspections are inspections carried out as a routine surveillance of GCP compliance, in the absence of a specific trigger or concern. These routine inspections should have a random element in that not all applications would necessarily give rise to a GCP inspection. In order to ensure that a range of different situations are covered and that the limited inspection resources are used to good effect, the following factors should be taken into account for the selection of MAAs, trials and sites for routine inspections:−Quality of the dossier:•missing documents (e.g. lack of GCP Statements, lack of audit certificates, lack of information on the monitoring process etc.);•inconsistencies;•previous history of problems with the quality of the dossiers from this applicant.−Product type (e.g. recombinant product, monoclonal antibody, cell therapy, gene therapy, new chemical entities, blood product, orphan product, other).−Applicant/Sponsor/CRO (to which major/relevant parts of trial conduct have been delegated): •Size (big/medium/small enterprises);•First application from the applicant;•type of sponsor (commercial/academic );•inspection history (never inspected/long time lapse since last inspection /inspection with negative outcome) ;•The applicant is not the sponsor of the trial(s) ;•business related issues (bankruptcy, change of ownership, mergers, other organisational changes).−Scope of the clinical data (single pivotal trial, small number of patients, high contribution of a few number of investigators, retrospective data collection, case studies, bibliographic, standard clinical package, BE/BA study).−Therapeutic area/indication (e.g. complicated trial protocol, design, etc.).−Type of endpoint (soft/hard).−Target population (paediatric, other vulnerable, patients critically ill, emergency, all types).−Others:•countries in which the trial has been conducted (EU/EEA vs third countries/emerging economies);•old trial(s) in the application (for example pre-date ICH GCP Guideline, or predate the Directive 2001/20/EC)•availability of negative inspection outcome information from third country authorities (e.g.US FDA/others as applicable).•Selection of trials: pivotal trials will be usually the ones selected for this type of inspection. In case more than one pivotal trial is involved consideration should be given to:−size of the trial (number of sites and patients);−complex trial organisation (involvement of high number of CROs/providers, sub-contractors, countries);−complex trial design.−recruitment rate (high/medium/low);−sites previously not inspected by EU and/or third country inspectorates with which confidentiality agreements are in place in the area of inspections ( e.g. US FDA) in order toimprove the inspection coverage;−previous inspection history;−third country location, in particular from emerging regions;−selection of diverse geographical locations of the sites to be inspected;−sites for which concerns are raised in the CSR with respect to the reliability, validity or representability of the reported trial data.In the context of the centralised procedure, the identification and selection of applications for routine inspection takes place just after the GCP validation phase and the proposal comes from the Clinical and Non-Clinical Compliance section, balancing the above factors with the nature of the applications in order to make the best use of the inspection resource available. The proposal is circulated internally and to the Rapporteurs and inspectors concerned for their final agreement on whether or not the proposal is acceptable or other candidates should be considered.The Clinical and non Clinical Compliance section at EMA, after considering the information collected by the Validation Center, should ensure that a diverse range of applications, trials and sites are covered by the programme of routine GCP inspections based on all the above factors (see Annex 1 for an overview of the most commonly used selection criteria for routine GCP inspections). The applications selected for routine inspections will then be inspected in accordance to the inspection procedures available from the EMA web site.3. For cause inspectionsThese are triggered inspections, which are requested by assessors because there is a concern about deviation from GCP in relation to the overall trial conduct or to the conduct at a particular site.There is an overlap with some of the factors outlined in section 2 and used for the selection of routine inspections (e.g. inspections history, single pivotal trial etc.) since some of these concerns may also be observed by the assessors from a preliminary scrutiny of the dossier, without the trial data being directly implicated. Others may be identified during the evaluation phase when a more advanced scrutiny of the dossier has been performed and for this reason, the triggers presented in this section are organised taking into consideration some of the headings of the CPMP/ICH/137/95 Note for Guidance on Structure and Content of Clinical Study reports.It should be noted that although triggers may be identified, an inspection may not always be immediately necessary and alternative mechanisms of investigation, which can involve discussion with inspectors or leading to questions to the applicant, may be more appropriate.3.1. Ethics•Lack of information about review by an Ethics committee for all or some clinical trial documents(e.g. protocol, subject information & informed consent, recruitment procedures) and for trial sites.•No description about the ethical conduct of the study (e.g. inclusion of vulnerable patients, high incidence of illiteracy in the study population, requirement for witness etc.) and of problemsencountered, if any.•Apparent inadequacy of informed consent process or information provided to trial subjects.3.2. Investigators and study administrative structure•Complex administrative structure (e.g. involvement of high number of CROs/providers, sub-contractor etc.).•Previous history of negative inspections for one or more of the parties involved.•Ability of the parties involved to undertake the amount of work generated by the study (e.g. based on information from the principal investigator CV or if the determination of endpoints would have required to use central facilities, high number of patients in a particular site etc.).3.3. Investigational plan•Study design issues (e.g. complexity of the trial design, inadequate justification of the use of placebo and/or choice of active comparator etc.).•Major changes to the protocol during the study (e.g. change in primary endpoints or in statistical methods or in inclusion/exclusion criteria)/many protocol amendments.•Treatment issues:−Identity and characteristics of the IMP and treatments are unclear:•inconsistency between the protocol and the study report concerning the dosage forms, packaging, labelling, conditions for storage, dose, dosage schedule and duration;•specific stability susceptibility of the IMP with inadequate storage or shipping conditions;•preparation by pharmaceutical and/or clinical staff before administration;•alterations of the product during the study;•complex titration or dose calculation.−Assigning patients to treatment groups:•out of sequence;•imbalance between treatment groups;•insufficient information on randomisation (allocation) procedures.−Blinding:•lack of and/or inappropriate procedures to ensure blinding;•Inadequate measures to prevent unblinding (e.g. resulting from manufacturing processes dealing to distinguishable IMPs, from laboratory data/adverse reactions/lack of efficacy, orfrom unblinded people involved in the study, of from members of a data monitoringcommittee or when an interim analysis is provided etc.);•Concomitant medication concerns (e.g. use of forbidden concomitant medication, concerns regarding interaction with concomitant medications/direct effects on the study endpoints etc.).•Treatment compliance concerns (e.g. complexity of medication regimens, side effects, differences between sites etc.).•Quality Assurance issues i.e. Information which indicates significant problems with trial conduct, GCP-compliance.3.4. Study patients•Disposition of patients:−Unusual/unexplained differences in the number of patients:•between the planned sample size and screened or randomised or followed up patients;•per treatment arm;•per study phase;•with respect to the type and prevalence of disease and characteristics of the site.−Unusual/unexplained differences between trial sites:•unusual high recruitment, drop out rate and/or follow up period;•sites with a burst of fast recruitment following a long period of inactivity;•sites involved late during the course of the study in order to boost the recruitment;•different rates of attrition of patients numbers when compared the proportion of screened to randomised patients at baseline between sites and the proportion of lost of follow upduring the trial;−Differences between countries: unusual high recruitment and drop out rate.−Distribution and/or characteristics of subjects different from generally observed demographics and other patient characteristics for the disease or location.•Protocol deviations: none/many/unexplained (e.g. in the eligibility criteria, study visit windows, prohibited medication etc.).3.5. Efficacy and safety evaluation criteria and data•Efficacy and safety variables:−Unclear or unexplained differences in the definition of the study variables between the protocol and the clinical study report.−Measurement of the efficacy or safety variables:•novel method or new analytical procedure;•need for specific equipment;•need for specific training of personnel;•suitability of the methods used for measurement;•Lack of/poor documentation of non-standard efficacy or safety measurements;•Lack of [adequate] provisions in the protocol for the efficacy and/or safety measurements(e.g. regarding clinical samples, no provisions concerning sampling, tube identification,assay conditions etc.).−Changes in facilities carrying out critical measurements.−Evaluation of clinical outcomes : if anyone other than the investigator was responsible for evaluation of clinical outcomes (e.g. the sponsor, external reviewers or an externalcommittee), the following points of the data flow process should be considered:•appropriate instructions/training to the investigators for collecting and reporting efficacy parameters;•identification and independence of the external reviewers/committee;•procedures for training, review, evaluation and documentation of outcomes, including means of maintaining blinding.•Statistical methods:−Change in statistical methods/endpoints during/after the study, in particular changes made prior to breaking the blind and/or unscheduled statistical analysis.−Patient(s) data excluded from analysis without reason(s) or with reasons that raise concerns, in particular when the results are favourable to the test product or when the decision(s) toexclude data might have been made following unblinding of the data.•Implausibility/inconsistency of clinical data provided:−Conflicting results as compared to known literature data or other trial results etc.).−Data with unusual trend or abnormal degrees of variation or very little deviations (i.e. low or high variability of efficacy parameters that would be expected to have much higher or lower natural variability; unexpectedly low levels of (serious) adverse events reports or concomitant medication etc.).−Data which appears to be abnormally in favour of the test product compared with other investigators or other studies.−Inconsistent, inaccurate or incomplete data recording and reporting:•inadequate CRF design (e.g. protocol amendments not captured in the CRF);•lack of relevant data listings;•inconsistencies between patient data listings and reported data in the body text of the clinical trial report;•high number of missing values;•drop outs that does not meet the reviewer's expectation for the active substance or the type of measurement.Annex 1Overview of commonly used selection criteria for routine GCP inspectionsSelection of MAA Product typeRecombinant/ Monoclonal antibodyCell therapy/ Gene therapyNew chemical entitiesBlood productOrphan productOtherApplicant/Sponsor/CROSize (big, medium, low)First application from the applicantType of sponsorInspection historyScope of the clinicaldataSingle pivotal trialSmall number of patientsHigh contribution of a few number ofInvestigatorsTherapeutic area/indicationTarget populationPaediatricOther vulnerablePatients critically illEmergencyAll typesOthersThird countries/emerging economies, EU/EEAEU/EEAAvailability of negative inspection outcomeinformation from third country authoritiesSelection of(pivotal) trialsSize of the trial (sites and patient numbers)Complex trial designSelection of sites Recruitment rate (high, medium, low)Previous inspection history/ no previous inspection Location (third countries/emerging economies, EU/EEA) Sites for which concerns are raised in the CSR。

去调查案件英语作文Title: Investigating a Case。

Investigating a case is an intricate process that demands meticulous attention to detail, critical thinking, and adherence to protocol. Whether it's a criminal investigation or a civil matter, the goal remains the same: to uncover the truth and ensure justice prevails. In this essay, we will delve into the various steps involved in conducting a thorough investigation.First and foremost, any investigation begins with gathering information. This phase often involves interviewing witnesses, collecting physical evidence, and reviewing pertinent documents. Interviews with witnesses are crucial as they provide firsthand accounts of the events in question. Additionally, physical evidence such as fingerprints, DNA samples, and surveillance footage can offer valuable insights into what transpired.Once the initial information is gathered, investigators must analyze the data to identify patterns, inconsistencies, and potential leads. This analytical phase requires keen observation and critical thinking skills to piece together the puzzle effectively. Moreover, investigators may employ various techniques such as forensic analysis or digital forensics to extract relevant information from electronic devices or other sources.As the investigation progresses, it is essential to maintain meticulous documentation of all findings andactions taken. This documentation serves multiple purposes, including providing a clear record of the investigation's progress, facilitating collaboration among team members,and ensuring accountability. Moreover, thorough documentation is essential if the case proceeds to trial,as it serves as evidence that can be presented in court.Throughout the investigation, it is imperative toadhere to ethical and legal standards to ensure theintegrity of the process. This includes respecting individuals' rights, following proper procedures forhandling evidence, and avoiding any conflicts of interest. Upholding these standards not only strengthens the credibility of the investigation but also upholds the principles of fairness and justice.In addition to conducting the investigation itself, investigators must also communicate effectively with stakeholders such as law enforcement agencies, legal counsel, and relevant parties involved in the case. Clear and timely communication is essential for coordinating efforts, sharing information, and addressing any concerns that may arise during the investigation.Furthermore, investigations often require collaboration across different agencies or jurisdictions, particularly in complex cases or those involving multiple parties.Effective collaboration entails establishing clear lines of communication, sharing resources and expertise, and coordinating efforts to achieve common objectives.As the investigation nears its conclusion,investigators must carefully evaluate all availableevidence to determine its relevance and reliability. This involves weighing the credibility of witnesses, assessing the chain of custody for physical evidence, and considering any potential biases or inconsistencies in the information gathered.Ultimately, the goal of any investigation is to uncover the truth and ensure that justice is served. Whether it leads to criminal charges, civil litigation, or other forms of resolution, a thorough and impartial investigation lays the foundation for a fair and equitable outcome.In conclusion, investigating a case is a complex and multifaceted process that requires diligence, skill, and adherence to ethical and legal standards. From gathering initial information to evaluating evidence and communicating with stakeholders, every step of the investigation plays a crucial role in uncovering the truth and achieving justice. By following established protocols and employing sound investigative techniques, investigators can effectively navigate the challenges inherent in theinvestigative process and ultimately bring closure to those affected by the case.。

单词速记学习法第84组first怎么读英[fɜ:st]美[fɜrst]是什么意思n.第一，最初；头等；一号，；[乐]高音部adv.最早，最初；首次；宁愿；优先adj.第一流的；最初的，最早的；基本的，概要的；高音的num.第一；变形复数：firsts双语释义num.(数词)1.第一(个人或事物) first person or thing mentioned or occurringadv.(副词)1.第一,最早,首先 before anything else; before the others2.首次 for the first time3.宁愿 more willinglyadj.(形容词)1.[A]第一的; 最初的; 最早的; 最先的; 第一流的; 最重要的 coming before all others intime, order, importance, etc.英英释义first[ fə:st ]•n.o the first or highest in an ordering or series"He wanted to be the first"同义词：number oneo the first element in a countable series"the first of the month"同义词：number onenumber 1o the time at which something is supposed to begin同义词：beginningcommencementoutsetget-gostartkickoffstarting timeshowtimeoffseto the fielding position of the player on a baseball team who is stationed at first of the bases in the infield (counting counterclockwise from home plate)同义词：first baseo an honours degree of the highest class同义词：first-class honours degreeo the lowest forward gear ratio in the gear box of a motor vehicle; used to start a car moving 同义词：first gearlow gearlow•adj.o preceding all others in time or space or degree"the first house on the right"; "the first day of spring"; "his first political race"; "her first baby"; "the first time"; "the first meetings of the new party"; "the first phase of his training" o indicating the beginning unit in a series同义词：1sto serving to set in motion"his first (or maiden) speech in Congress"同义词：inauguralinitiativeinitiatorymaideno serving to begin"the first verse"同义词：beginning(a)o ranking above all others"was first in her class"同义词：foremostworld-classo highest in pitch or chief among parts or voices or instruments or orchestra sections "first soprano"; "the first violin section"; "played first horn"o being the gear producing the lowest drive speed"use first gear on steep hills"同义词：low•adv.o before anything else"first we must consider the garter snake"同义词：firstlyforemostfirst of allfirst offo the initial time"when Felix first saw a garter snake"同义词：for the first timeo before another in time, space, or importance"I was here first"; "let's do this job first"o prominently forward同义词：foremost学习怎么用词汇搭配用作形容词(adj.)～+名词•first aid急救•first importance头等重要•first light天刚亮时•first name名字•first person〔place, time〕第一人称〔名,次〕•first principles基本原理动词+～•stand first in the class在班上名列第一词组短语first time第一次；第一时间at first起先，首先；最初quality first质量第一first of all adv. 首先customer first客户至上；顾客至上first step第一步，首要步骤first place第一名first day n. 星期日first half上半时；前半场first class头等，第一流；最高级first quarter第一个季度；上弦月；上弦from the first从头，自始；从一开始first choice第一选择in the first half上半场first order一阶；初指令；第一级first phase第一期；初相first sight第一眼；乍看起来；初见first stage第一阶段的；第一级的；第一期的first lady第一夫人；总统夫人first person[语]第一人称更多收起词组短语单词速记学习法双语例句用作形容词(adj.)1.He was the first to be there.他是第一个到达那里的。

最基本的英语短语最基本的问题在于它还没来，所以宴会不能开始。

下面就由店铺为大家带来关于最基本的英语短语集锦，希望大家能有所收获。

关于最基本的相关英语短语1. This has stripped the contest down to its essentials.这就使比赛精简到最基本的环节。

2. It is essential that you are able to read a thermometer.最基本的是要能看懂温度计。

3. Essentially, vines and grapes need water, heat and light.最基本的是，葡萄藤和葡萄需要水、热和光。

4. We provide 2-person tents and basic cooking and camping equipment.我们提供双人帐篷和最基本的炊具以及露营装备。

5. Access to justice is a basic right.享有司法公正是一项最基本的权利。

6. This law will deprive us of our most basic rights.这条法律将剥夺我们最基本的权利.7. One of the most basic requirements for any form of angling is a sharp hook.不管以什么方式钓鱼，有一个锋利的鱼钩都是最基本的要求之一。

8. The most basic facts about him are lost in a fog of mythology.关于他的那些最基本信息离奇地湮没无踪了。

9. They are deprived of the ability to exercise the most rudimentary workers' rights.他们被剥夺了行使最基本的工人权利的资格。

监察法英文版The Supervision Law (English Version)The Supervision Law of the People's Republic of China, which was adopted on March 20, 2018, is an essential legal document that aims to strengthen the supervision system in China. The law plays a crucial role in preventing corruption, promoting clean governance, and protecting the rights and interests of the people.The Supervision Law establishes the National Supervisory Commission, which is responsible for supervising public officials and employees of state-owned enterprises. The commission has the authority to investigate and punish individuals who violate the law and regulations. It also has the power to detain suspects and freeze their assets during the investigation process.One of the key features of the Supervision Law is the establishment of supervisory commissions at various levels of government. These commissions are responsible for supervising the conduct of public officials and employees within their jurisdictions. They have the power to conduct investigations, collect evidence, and recommend disciplinary actions against those who violate the law.The Supervision Law also includes provisions to protect the rights of individuals under investigation. It guarantees the right to legal counsel, the right to remain silent, and the right to be informed of the charges against them. It also prohibits the use of torture, threats, or other forms of coercion during the investigation process.Furthermore, the Supervision Law emphasizes the importance of transparency and accountability in the supervisory process. It requires supervisory commissions to report their activities to the National Supervisory Commission and the People's Congress. It also encourages the participation of the public in the supervision of public officials and employees.In conclusion, the Supervision Law of China is a significant legal instrument that aims to combat corruption, promote clean governance, and protect the rights of thepeople. By establishing a robust supervisory system and ensuring the rule of law, the law contributes to the building of a more just and equitable society.。