培根《论家庭、论教育》中文翻译

论教育（爱因斯坦）作者简介：阿尔伯特.爱因斯坦（Albert Einstein1879--1955）。

生于德国，后入瑞士籍，终入籍美国。

曾任柏林大学、普林斯顿大学等校教授。

1922年获诺贝尔物理学奖。

题解：傅雷在家书中教导傅聪：首先要成为一个人，其次是成为一个艺术家，最后才是成为一个钢琴家。

爱因斯坦的伟大，就在于他不仅仅只是一个物理学家、一个科学家，更在于他是一个具有崇高人格的人。

而他再三寄希望于青年一代的，也正是使我们成为“一个和谐发展的人”。

下面三段文字，分别选自他的《培养独立思考的教育》、《论教育》与《教师和学生》。

一用专业知识教育人是不够的。

通过专业教育，他可以成为一种有用的机器，但是不能成为一个和谐发展的人。

要使学生对价值有所理解并且产生热烈的感情，那时最基本的。

他必须获得对美和道德上的善恶鲜明的辨别力。

否则，他——连同他的专业知识——就更像一只受过很好训练的狗，而不像一个和谐发展的人。

为了获得对别人和对集体的适当关系，他必须学习去了解人们的动机、他们的幻想和他们的疾苦。

这些宝贵的东西，是通过同教育者亲身接触，而不是——至少主要的不是——通过教科书传授给青年一代的。

本来构成文化和保存文化的正是这个。

当我把“人文学科”（the humanities）作为重要的东西推荐给大家的时候，我心里想的就是这个，而不是历史和哲学领域里十分枯燥的专门知识。

过分强调竞争制度，以及依据直接用途而过早专门化，这就会扼杀包括专业知识在内的一切文化生活所依存的那种精神。

使青年人发展批判的独立思考，对于有价值的教育也是生命攸关的，由于太多和太杂的学科（学分制）造成的青年人的过重负担，大大地危害了这种独立思考的发展。

负担过重必导致肤浅。

教育应当使所提供的东西让学生作为一种宝贵的礼物来领受，而不是作为一种艰苦的任务要他去负担。

二在每项成绩背后都有着一种推动力，它是成绩的基础，反过来，这种推动力也通过任务的完成而得到加强和滋养。

弗朗西斯·培根弗朗西斯·培根，第一代圣阿尔本子爵（1st Viscount St Alban），英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。

他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树，在自然科学领域里，也取得了重大成就。

培根是一位经历了诸多磨难的贵族子弟，复杂多变的生活经历丰富了他的阅历，随之而来的，他的思想成熟，言论深邃，富含哲理。

他的整个世界观是现世的而不是宗教的（虽然他坚信上帝）。

他是一位理性主义者而不是迷信的崇拜者，是一位经验论者而不是诡辩学者；在政治上，他是一位现实主义者而不是理论家。

他曾说过：“知识就是力量。

”英国文艺复兴时期哲学家培根唯物主义第一人更多培根的最大哲学贡献在于，提出了唯物主义经验论的一系列原则，制定了系统的归纳逻辑，马克思、恩格斯称他是“英国唯物主义的第一个创始人”。

政治生涯的结束更多培根作为法官当面接受诉讼当事人4万英镑，被政敌揭发赶下台，被判有期徒刑，关押在伦敦塔，终身不得担任任何公职，政治生涯结束。

相关词条：伊丽莎白一世詹姆士一世培根随笔中文名弗朗西斯·培根外文名Francis Bacon国籍英国出生日期1561年1月22日（辛酉年）逝世日期1626年4月9日（甲子年）职业唯物主义哲学家、思想家、作家（散文家）信仰新教安立甘宗代表作品《新工具》、《学术的进步》、《新大西岛》《培根随笔》目录1生平经历2个人著作3人物思想▪归纳方法▪唯物主义▪科学态度▪逻辑学▪哲学贡献4人物影响5人物评价6个人荣誉1生平经历弗朗西斯·培根（Francis Bacon，1561 - 1626）在1561年出生于伦敦一个官宦世家，父亲尼古拉·培根是伊丽莎白女王的掌玺大臣，曾在剑桥大学攻读法律，他思想倾向进步，信奉英国国教，反对教皇干涉英国内政；母亲安妮·培根是一位颇有名气的才女，她精通希腊文和拉丁文，是加尔文教派的信徒。

良好的家庭教育使培根各方面都表现出异乎寻常的才智。

经典散文翻译：培根《论婚姻与独身》经典散文翻译：培根《论婚姻与独身》培根《论婚姻与独身》HE THAT hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which they know they must transmit their dearest pledges.成了家的人，可以说对命运之神付出了抵押品。

因为家庭难免拖累事业，而无论这种事业的性质如何。

所以是能为公众献身人，应当是不被家室所累的人。

因为只有这种人，才能够把他的全部情和财产，都奉献给唯一的情人——公众。

而那种有家室的人，恐怕宁愿把最好的东西留给自己的后代。

Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some other, that account wife and children, but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men, that take a pride, in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer. For perhaps they have heard some talk, Such an one is a great rich man, and another except to it, Yea, but he hath a great charge of children; as if it were an abatement to his riches. But the most ordinary cause of a single life, is liberty, especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and garters, to be bonds and shackles.有的人在结婚后仍然愿意过独身。

Of StudiesFrancis Bacon论学习弗朗西斯·培根王佐良译Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in thejudgment and disposition of business. For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned.To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning by study; and studies themselves do give forthdirections too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted, others to beswallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but notcuriously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。

《培根随笔》读书笔记《培根随笔》读书笔记1在《培根随笔集》这本书语言简洁，短短的一小篇就可以让人受益匪浅，最适合我这种不喜欢读长篇大论而又想得到多点东西的人看了。

即使在多元化的社会生活中，自己没有钱，没有权，只要有文化，有能力，有健康，遭点厄运也无妨。

因为厄运当中也蕴含着一份让人亢奋的幸福啊！培根的话语既使人们开阔了眼界，也能使人们顿悟我觉得这本书就是要细细品尝，慢慢消化的茶。

要读透了才能知道，其中的道理，要喝到最后了，才可以尝到甜头。

虽然这只是一本随笔集！但是好比一本史书、诗、数学、物理、伦理、逻辑推理般让你明智、灵透、精细、精细、庄重、善辩。

《培根随笔》读书笔记2培根，这个名字对人们来说，并不陌生。

至少，人们都知道他掷地有力的名言：”知识就是力量“。

《培根随笔》中记录了培根对人生的思考，分为《论美》、《论善与性善》、《论真理》、《论家庭》、《论友谊》等多篇随笔。

在《谈美》中，培根向我们揭示了外貌美不如德行美。

”美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存“，外貌美容易逝去，古今以来，有多少美人因青春不再而人老色衰?而”德行犹如宝石，朴素最美“，德行之美不仅朴素，并且不易逝去。

正如宝石，历经千百年不被埋没，依然光彩照人。

在《论拖延》中，培根谈论了拖延与机会，拖延与危险的关系”‘机会先把其前额头发让你抓，如果你不及时抓住，就给个光头让你抓。

’“因为拖延而错失机会并不少见。

秦国在与赵国进行长平之战后，秦国坑杀了四十万赵军降卒。

如果这时秦军挥师直取邯郸，赵军主力尽丧，赵国亡国是必然的，秦国一统天下就会提前。

然而秦军并没有。

因为拖延，秦国统一的大业就被延后。

”危险一度看来无足轻重，并非真就无足轻重“。

就像蔡桓公的病，先是在纹理，然后在肌肤，发展到肠胃，又深入骨髓。

这时，就连神医扁鹊都无力回天。

危险的可怕之处就在于人们察觉不出它的可怕。

培根建议我们把大行动的开端”交由百眼巨人阿尔戈斯照管“，把结束”交由百手巨人布里阿柔斯照管“，告诉了我们要当机立断，迅速行动。

Of Marriage and Single LifeFrancis BaconHe that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which they know they must transmit their dearest pledges.Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some other, that account wife and children, but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men that take a pride, in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer. For perhaps they have heard some talk, “Such an one is a great rich man”, and another except to it, “Yea, but he hath a great charge of children”; as if it were an abatement to his riches. But the most ordinary cause of a single life, is liberty, especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near to think their girdles and garters, to be bonds and shackles. Unmarried men are best friends, best masters, best servants; but not always best subjects; for they are light to run away; and almost all fugitives, are of that condition.A single life doth well with churchmen; for charity will hardly water the ground, where it must first fill a pool. It is indifferent for judges and magistrates; for if they be facile and corrupt, you shall have a servant, five times worse than a wife. For soldiers, I find the generals commonly in their hortatives, put men in mind of their wives and children; and I think the despising of marriage amongst the Turks, maketh the vulgar soldier more base.Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, though they may be many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet, on the other side, they are more cruel and hardhearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon. Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving husbands, as was said of Ulysses, vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati.Chaste women are often proud and froward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity. It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do, if she find him jealous. Wives are young men's mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men's nurses. So as a man may have a quarrel to marry, when he will.But yet he was reputed one of the wise men, that made answer to the question, when a man should marry, - A young man not yet, an elder man not at all. It is often seen that bad husbands, have very good wives; whether it be, that it raiseth the price of their husband's kindness, when it comes; or that the wives take a pride in their patience. But this never fails, if the bad husbands were of their own choosing, against their friends consent; for then they will be sure to make good their own folly. 论结婚与独身（水天同译）有妻与子的人已经向命运之神交了抵押品了；因为妻与子是大事底阻挠物，无论是大善举或大恶行。

(完整版)培根的《论学习》中英文对照培根的《论学习》中英文对照Francis Bacon's "Of Studies" 中英文对照Introduction 引言In his essay "Of Studies," Francis Bacon discusses the importance and benefits of studying. Bacon emphasizes the various ways in which study can enhance one's life and character. This essay presents a comparison between the original English version and its Chinese translation. The aim is to explore how the author's ideas and arguments are effectively conveyed in both languages. While the content may differ slightly due to translation, the essence of Bacon's insights remain intact.第一部分：关于学习的价值 Part 1: The Value of StudiesOriginal (English) 原文（英文）：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business... Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider... Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested...Translation (Chinese) 翻译（中文）：学习的价值在于获得欢乐、装饰人生和增长能力。

英语美文――培根《论家庭》论家庭（培根）.mp3THE joys of parents are secret; and so are their griefs and fears. They cannot utter the one; nor they will not utter the other. Children sweeten labors; but they make misfortunes more bitter. They increase the cares of life; but they mitigate the remembrance of death. The perpetuity by generation is common to beasts; but memory, merit, and noble works, are proper to men. And surely a man shall see the noblest works and foundations have proceeded from childless men; which have sought to express the images of their minds, where those of their bodies have failed. So the care of posterity is most in them, that have no posterity. They that are the first raisers of their houses, are most indulgent towards their children; beholding them as the continuance, not only of their kind, but of their work; and so both children and creatures.The difference in affection, of parents towards their several children, is many times unequal; and sometimes unworthy; especially in the mothers; as Solomon saith, A wise son rejoiceth the father, but an ungracious son shames the mother. A man shall see, where there is a house full of children, one or two of the eldest respected, and the youngest made wantons; but in the midst, some that are as it were forgotten, who many times, nevertheless, prove the best. The illiberality of parents, in allowance towards their children, is an harmful error; makes them base; acquaints them with shifts; makes them sort with mean company; and makes them surfeit more when they come to plenty. And therefore the proof is best, when men keep theirauthority towards the children, but not heir purse. Men have a foolish manner (both parents and schoolmasters and servants) in creating and breeding an emulation between brothers, during childhood, which many times sorteth to discord when they are men, and disturbeth families.The Italians make little difference between children, and nephews or near kinsfolks; but so they be of the lump, they care not though they pass not through their own body. And, to say truth, in nature it is much a like matter; insomuch that we see a nephew sometimes resembleth an uncle, or a kinsman, more than his own parent; as the blood happens. Let parents choose betimes, the vocations and courses they mean their children should take; for then they are most flexible; and let them not too much apply themselves to the disposition of their children, as thinking they will take best to that, which they have most mind to. It is true, that if the affection or aptness of the children be extraordinary, then it is good not to cross it; but generally the precept is good, optimum elige, suave et facile illud faciet consuetudo. Younger brothers are commonly fortunate, but seldom or never where the elder are disinherite一切生物都能通过生殖留下后代，但只有人类能通过后代下美名、事业和德行。

本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！== 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ ==经典散文翻译：培根《论婚姻与独身》培根《论婚姻与独身》HE THAT hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune;for they are impediments to great enterprises, either of virtue or mischief. Certainly the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; whichboth in affection and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which they know they musttransmit their dearest pledges.成了家的人，可以说对命运之神付出了抵押品。

因为家庭难免拖累事业，而无论这种事业的性质如何。

所以是能为公众献身人，应当是不被家室所累的人。

因为只有这种人，才能够把他的全部爱情和财产，都奉献给唯一的情人——公众。

而那种有家室的人，恐怕宁愿把最好的东西留给自己的后代。

Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some other, that account wife and children, but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men, that take a pride, in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer. For perhaps they have heard some talk, Such an one is a great rich man, and another except to it, Yea, but he hath a great charge of children; as if it were an abatement to his riches. But the most ordinary cause of a single life, is liberty, especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds, which are so sensible of every restraint, as they will go near tothink their girdles and garters, to be bonds and shackles.有的人在结婚后仍然愿意过独身生活。

培根《论学问》弗朗西斯·培根（1561-1626），英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散作家、哲学家。

他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树，在自然科学领域里，也取得了重大成就。

培根是一位经历了诸多磨难的贵族子弟，复杂多变的生活经历丰富了他的阅历，随之而来的，他的思想成熟，言论深邃，富含哲理。

他的整个世界观是现世的而不是宗教的（虽然他坚信上帝）。

他是一位理性主义者而不是迷信的崇拜者，是一位经验论者而不是诡辩学者。

在政治上，他是一位现实主义者而不是理论家。

一、个人简介培根（Francis Bacon,1561年1月22日-1626年4月9日）英国近代唯物主义哲学家、思想家和科学家，被马克思称为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”。

生于贵族家庭，是掌玺大臣和大法官（王国最高法律官职）古拉斯·培根爵士的幼子。

后于1618也成为了大法官。

晚年脱离政治活动，专门从事科学和哲学研究。

他是新贵族的思想代表，反对君主权神授和君权无限，主张限制王权；拥护清教主张改革，但反对革命。

他对中世纪的经院哲学，提出必须清除它给人们造成的错误认识和偏见（他称之为假相），以便给认识和科学扫清道路。

他继承了古代唯物主义传统，承认自然界是物质的，认为构成一切事物的最小单位是真正的分子，即事物的简单性质，它是有限的不变的。

千差万别的事物都是由它的不同排列和组合构成的。

运动是物质固有的最重要的特性，运动是有规律的，其形式是多样的。

他称事物运动的规律和规定性为形式。

科学的任务就是发现形式，从而获得行动上的自由，以便征服自然。

提出“知识就是力量”的口号。

他提出唯物主义经验论的基本原则，认为感觉是认识的开端，它是完全可靠的，是一切知识的泉源。

他重视科学实验在认识中的作用，认为必须借助于实验，才能弥补感官的不足，深入揭露自然的奥迷。

他重视归纳法，强调它的作用和意义，认为它是唯一正确的方法，但它否定了演绎法的作用是片面的。

他把自然科学中孤立静止的研究方法移植到哲学上来，造成了欧洲近代哲学所特有的局限性。

《培根随笔》初二学生读书笔记5篇《培根随笔》初二学生读书笔记《培根随笔》共五十八篇，内容涉及人类生活的方方面面。

语言简洁，文笔优美，说理透彻，警句迭出，几百年来深受各国读者喜爱。

培根学识渊博且通晓人情世故，对谈及的问题均由发人深省的独到见解。

培根于1561年1月22日出生于伦敦一个官宦世家。

父亲叫做尼古拉·培根，是伊丽莎白女王的掌玺大臣，曾在剑桥大学攻读法律，他思想倾向进步，信奉英国国教，反对教皇干涉英国内部事物。

母亲安尼是一位颇有名气的才女，她娴熟的掌握希腊文和拉丁文，是加尔文教派的信徒。

良好的家庭教育使培根成熟较早，各方面都表现出异乎寻常的才智。

12岁时，培根被送入剑桥大学三一学院深造。

在校学习期间，他对传统的观念和信仰产生了怀疑，开始独自思考社会和人生的真谛。

从《培根随笔集》的《论真理》、《论死亡》、《说人之本性》等篇章中，可以看到一个热爱哲学的培根。

从《论高位》、《论帝王》、《论野心》等篇章中，可以看到一个热衷于政治，深谙官场运作的培根。

从《论爱情》、《论友谊》、《论婚姻与独身》等篇章中，可以看到一个富有生活情趣的培根。

从《论逆境》、《谈幸运》、《论残疾》等篇章中，可以看到一个自强不息的培根。

从《论伪装与掩饰》、《论言谈》等篇章中，可以看到一个工于心计、老于世故的培根。

内容主要是一些议论性质的短文，主要讲叙培根在不同的角度看待事物的态度和想法。

内容涉及到政治、经济、宗教、爱情、婚姻，友谊，艺术，教育，伦理等许多方面，其中有《谈读书》、《论真理》、《论嫉妒》、《论死亡》、《论美》等著名篇章，是培根文学方面的代表作，语言简洁文笔优美，说理透彻，警句迭出，蕴含着培根的思想精华。

该书1597年出版时只有10篇文章，1612年出版增至38篇，1625年版增至58篇，培根逝世31年后的1657年Rawel将培根未完成的随笔《论谣言》作为第59篇收入最终构成了今天流行的版本。

培根随笔是英国十七世纪著名思想家、政治家和经验主义哲学家弗兰西斯·培根所著。

培根论读书原文及翻译赏析Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned. T o spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning (pruning) by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books are,like common distilled waters, flashy things.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a manwrite little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. (Studie s go to make up a man’s character.)Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach ; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man's wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences,let him study the schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. (Hair-splitters sim-mini sek-torr-es) If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.。