高考语文复习 定语从句典型错误例析

定语从句常见错误分析英语定语从句是学生学习英语较难掌握的一个语法。

为了帮助学生正确使用定语从句，本文就学生的常见错误进行了归纳和分析。

I.句子结构错误。

1.昨天王老师上了一节非常生动而有趣的课。

误：Yesterday Mr Wang taught the lesson was very lively andinteresting.正：The lesson Mr Wang taught yesterday was very lively andinteresting.分析：错句完全是按照汉语的顺序翻译。

分析一下句子，“课”在句子中作主语，而“昨天王老师教的”是用作“课”的定语，所以应该用定语从句来表达。

2.你上个月从图书馆借的那本书还了吗？误：Have you returned me the book you borrowed it from thelibrary last month?正：Have you returned the book you borrowed from the libraylast month?分析：错句的定语从句中多了宾语it，关系代词which或that在从句中作宾语可以省略，所以不能再用it作borrowed的宾语。

3.我永远也不会忘记我在那儿生活了八年的村庄。

误：I'll never forget the village where I once worked therefor eight years.正：I'll never forget the village where I once worked foreight years.分析：关系副词既引导定语从句，又在从句中作地点状语，因此不能再用表示地点状语的副词there。

II.介词错误1.你们住的那个房间太小了。

误：The room which you are living is too small.正：The room in which you are living is too small.或 The room which you are livng in is too small.分析：关系代词在定语从句中作接物动词的宾语或介词宾语。

例析定语从句十大易错点例析定语从句十大易错点定语从句是中学英语教学中的一个重要语法项目，也是历届高考的热点所在。

笔者现将定语从句易出错的地方归纳为以下几点，希望对大家有所帮助。

易错点一：关系代词和关系副词的混用例1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in New York with you.例2. I’ll never forget the days which I visited New York with you.析：例 1 中的 when 应改为 which 或 that ；例 2 中的 which 应改为when .区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。

如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，就应考虑使用关系代词，如例1 ；若定语从句中缺少状语，就应考虑使用关系副词，如例2 .易错点二：固定句式出差错例 3. Mary is so lovely a girl as everybody loves her.例 4. Mary is so lovely a girl that everybody loves.析：例 3 中的 as 应改为 that ；例 4 中的 that 应改为as . so…as 或so…that 为固定句式，前者为 as 引导的定语从句， as 在定语从句中作宾语或主语，如例 4 ；后者为 that 引导的结果状语从句，该从句的成分是完整的，不缺少主语或宾语，如例3 .类似的固定句式还有the same… as （that），such…as ，as…as 等。

易错点三：主谓不一致例 5. Tom is one of the students who likes swimming.例 6. Tom is the only one of the students who like swimming.析：例 5 中的 likes 应改为 like ；例 6 中的 like 应改为 likes .在“ one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词要用复数形式，如例 5 ；在“ the（only） oneof + 复数名词 + 定语从句”结构中，先行词是 one ，而不是复数名词，故谓语动词要用单数形式，如例 6 .易错点四：与强调句型及其他句型的混合例 7. Was it in the shop that you bought the recorder that you lost your pen？例8. You’d better make a mark at where you have any questions.析：例 7 中第一个 that 应改为 where ；例 8 中应去掉 at .例 7 为带有定语从句的强调句， you bought the recorder 为定语从句，其引导词应用 where ，后面第二个 that 才是强调句中的 that ，此句可还原为： You lost your pen in the shop where you bought the recorder .例 8 为 where 引导的地点状语从句。

定语从句中常见错误例析在使用定语从句过程中,有些学生往往会出现这样或那样的错误.为避免这些错误,现对一些常见错误作以归纳：1 从句中多余宾语[误] The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.[正] The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put into my mouth.上例中,关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语,可省去,因此,从句中宾语it多余.2 从句中缺少主语[误] He is the professor gave us a speech yesterday.[正] He is the professor who gave us a speech yesterday.关系代词who 或that在定语从句中做主语不能省略,否则,句子结构不完整.3 从句中主谓不一致[误]I, who is your friend, will try my best to help you.[正]I, who am your friend, will try my best to help you.定语从句中,关系代词做主语时,应注意主谓一致,也就是说,根据先行词的人称和数来确定从句中谓语动词的形式.如：-I just spoke to the doctor who is an eye specialist.He was the only one of youngest girls who plays in the band.4搭配错误[误]Don’t talk about such thin gs that you do not understand.[正]Don’t talk about such things as you do not understand.在such…as结构中,as所引导的中定语从句时,不能用其它关系代词代替,但在the same…as结构中,如属同类则用as,如: 如Y ou’ve made the same mistake as I did ,not changed ,not another or others作之意时,则需用that，如Y ou’ve made t he same mistake that you made last time。

一、如何正确使用连接主从句的引导词一个定语从句的引导词是用关系代词还是关系副词,这是同学们首先遇到的一个难题,由于把握不准,所以出错较多。

请看以下例子:1.A. That is the school _____________we studied three years ago.B. That is the school ____________ we built three years ago.2.A. I've forgotten the exact day ______ he gave me the film copy.B. I've forgotten the exact day ______ he fixed for me to have the operation.3.A. Beijing is a city ____________ there is the famous Summer Palace.B. Beijing is China's political and cultural center, ____________ has the most universities.这三组句子中的A、B句看上去很相近,因此,同学们在判断空格线上所使用的引导词时很容易出错。

我们来作一解析:上述各组A句中先行词所表示的是从句中谓语动词动作发生的地点或时间,如1A句空格中指的是in the school, 2A句空格中指的是on the day, 3A句空格中指的是in the city,因此,引导词指的是状语,从句谓语动词与先行词之间是一种"谓状"关系,要分别用where, when, where;而上面各组B句中的先行词表示的是定语从句的宾语或主语,如1B句中的built the school, 2B句中的fixed the day, 3B句中的the place has,从句谓语动词与先行词之间是一种"动宾"或"主谓"关系,因此,引导词要用关系代词that或which(3B句是一个非限制性定语从句,只能用which)。

定语从句典型错误解析————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：定语从句典型错误解析1．我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片。

【误】Ｉshowed hiｍthe phｏtos I toｏｋtheｍｉn Ｈaｎｇｚhou last week.【正】I showed ｈim the photｏｓＩｔoｏk in Han ｇzｈou lａｓt week.【析】关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。

例句为省略了关系代词(ｔｈat/wｈｉｃh)的定语从句,thaｔ／ｗｈｉcｈ指代ｔｈephoｔos，在定语从句中充当tｏoｋ的宾语,故tｈｅm多余,应去掉。

２. 那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。

【误】Thｅｍan is mending the ｃaｒｉsｍy ｕnclｅ.【正】The man who/thatｉs ｍｅｎdinｇthe carｉｓmｙuncｌｅ.【析】关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略，只有作宾语时才能省略tｈat。

本句还可以译为Tｈｅman mending thｅcａｒis my uncle.(-ｉｎｇ形式短语mending the cａr作ｔhe ｍan的后置定语。

) 3．这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗?【误】Is thiｓｋｉｔe yoｕｒfａtｈer maｄｅfor yoｕｙestｅrday？【正】Ｉs tｈｉs kite thｅｏne(tｈat) your faｔher made ｆｏr youｙesteｒdaｙ？【析】若把thｉs看作kｉte的修饰语,短语tｈis ｋiｔｅ为主句的主语,这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定语从句的先行词，所以应该加上代词the one。

如果我们把this看作代词,作句子的主语，那么kｉte应该为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词kiｔｅ前缺少定冠词the。

定语从句改错题及其解析定语从句是英语语法中的重要组成部分，也是高考的热点和难点。

在实际的教学过程中，我发现学生对于定语从句的理解和使用存在着诸多问题，如对先行词的把握不准、关系词的使用不当、对定语从句的理解不够深入等。

为了帮助学生更好地理解和掌握定语从句，提高其英语语法运用能力，本文将结合一些典型的定语从句改错题进行解析，以期能够帮助学生更好地掌握定语从句。

一、定语从句的构成及作用定语从句是用来修饰、限定名词或代词的从句，通常由关系代词或关系副词引导。

定语从句的作用主要是对被修饰的名词或代词进行解释、说明，进一步明确先行词的意义。

二、定语从句改错题分析在分析定语从句改错题之前，我们需要了解一些常见的定语从句错误类型，如关系词使用错误、时态错误、语态错误等。

接下来，我们将针对这些错误类型，结合一些典型的定语从句改错题进行解析。

1. 关系词使用错误关系词是定语从句的重要组成部分，常用的关系词有that、which、who、whom、as等。

关系词使用错误通常表现为漏用、错用或混用关系词。

例如：（原句）The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.（错误）（修正）The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.（正确）在原句中，使用了that作为关系词引导定语从句，但根据语法规则，应该使用which作为关系词。

因此，修正后的句子为“The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.”。

2. 时态和语态错误时态和语态是定语从句中常见的错误类型，主要表现为未考虑主句和从句之间的时间关系，导致时态和语态使用不当。

例如：（原句）The problem is when we will finish the project with all the difficulties we are facing.（错误）（修正）The problem is when we will finish the project despite all the difficulties we are facing.（正确）在原句中，使用了一般现在时来描述问题，但未考虑到从句中存在将来时态“will finish the project”，因此需要使用相应的时态和语态来表达。

定语从句易错点例说定语从句是高中语法中一个非常基本而又重要的内容。

尽管它并不是公认的最难的语法项目，但综合多年高考在此方面考查的难度及技巧来看，高考对定语从句的考查在一些热点、难点上是值得我们加以分析总结的。

现结合多年高考题及近年来优秀高考模拟题将定语从句的六大易错点分析如下：易错点一：不能透彻地理解关系词具有三功能。

(三种功能为：①在从句开头引导一个定语从句；②指代或替代“先行词”且先行词绝不可省，引导词有时可省；③在定语从句中作适当成分。

关系代词：that既指人又指物，既可作主语又可作宾语。

which只能指物，既可作主语又可作宾语。

who只能指人，既可作主语又可作宾语。

whom指人，只能作宾语。

whose既指人又指物，在句中作形容词性物主代词。

关系副词：when,where,why) Put the book __ it should be when you have finished reading it.A. whereB. in whichC. at the placeD. the place where此题答案为A，但where并非引导一个定语从句，而是一个地点状语从句。

学生极易选B或C。

选B错在in which若引导定语从句，其前的先行词不可省，而book不能作表地点的先行词；选C若看成一个定语从句，倒是有了先行词the Place，但定语从句引导词在从句中要作表语，此时引导词不能省；引导词能省的情况是引导词在从句中作宾语的时候。

I can never forget the day __ we worked together and the day __ we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; whenC.what; thatD.on which; when此题答案为A，学生易选B。

这里面特别要注意定语从句“关系词”的第三种功能即引导词要在从句中作适当的成分。

1. She used to help my brother, who was very kind of her.改：将who改为which。

析：犯这类错误的主要原因是把my brother错当成了先行词。

关系代词which指代的先行词是整个主句，它引导非限定性定语从句。

2. Do you still remember the day when we spent together in China last year?改：将when改为that/which或将when删除。

析：犯这类错误的主要原因是没有弄清关系代词与关系副词的用法区别。

不能因为先行词表示时间就一定用关系副词when, 而要学会准确把握句子的结构，正确分析句子的成分。

例句中定语从句要用关系代词引导，并在定语从句中作spent的宾语。

3. The way which you look at problems is wrong.改：在which前加in或者将which改为that，也可将which删除。

析：当先行词是the way时，定语从句常用that/in which引导，that/in which也可省略。

4. We were interested in the things and people whom we saw during the trip.改：将whom改为that。

析：当先行词既有人又有物时，定语从句用关系代词that引导，that作宾语时可省略。

5. It was in the kitchen where the fire broke out.改：将where改为that。

析：犯这类错误的主要原因是把强调句型与定语从句混为一谈了。

例句为强调句型，强调的是地点状语in the kitchen。

6. Is this factory that you have been working in since your graduation?改：在that前加the one。

定语从句十大典型错误例析[错例展示]1. I am sorry I have lost the book you lent it to me last week.2. Mary is the only one of us who have been to the Great Wall.3. Is this museum that you paid a visit to a few days ago?4. Please show me the book which cover is red.5. Don’t worry. I will do all what I can to help you out.6. It is known to us all, China has the largest population in the world.7. I will never forget the day when we spent together in No. 1 Middle School.8. My glasses, without them I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.9. The weather turned out to be very good, that was more than we had expected.10. It was in this factory where my father had worked for more than 20 years.[指点迷津]1. 去掉it。

定语从句you lent to me last week前省略了关系代词that / which, that / which在定语从句中充当宾语，it与关系代词重复，应去掉。

2. have → has。

关系代词作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。

错误定语从句的例子错误定语从句的例子错误定语从句的例子由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：一、在定语从句中加了多余的定语。

如：1．误：Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come．正：Some of the boys I invited didn’t come．译：我邀请的男孩中有几个没有来。

析：应删去them，因为从句的.宾语是省略了的whom，who或that。

2．误：The book that you need it is in the library．正：The book that you need is in the library．译：你需要的书在图书馆里。

析：应删去it，因为从句的宾语是关系代词that。

二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。

如：1．误：Anyone who break the law will be punished．正：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished．译：任何违犯法律的人将被处罚。

析：应改break为breaks，因为who指anyone，是单数。

2．误：Those who has finished may go home．正：Those who have finished may go home．译：做完了的人现在可以回家。

析：应改has为have，因为who指those，是复数。

3．误：He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school．正：He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school．译：他是我们学校中唯一懂法语的人。

析：应改know为knows，因为one前有the only之类限定词，定语从句在意义上修饰的是the only one，是单数，而不是复数名词the teachers。

分析定语从句易错点定语从句是英语中的最重要语法项目之一，是必须掌握的英语技能，也是学生学习的重点和难点。

由于其结构和用法的复杂性，导致学生在运用中时常出现一些共性的问题。

现将定语从句常见错误归纳如下：一、不能透彻地理解关系词的三种功能，混用关系词定语从句在句中相当于一个形容词，起“定语”的作用，修饰说明名词、代词或主句全部内容；通常在被修饰的词语之后，由“关系代词或关系副词”引导。

在学习使用定语从句的过程中，要特别注意关系词的“三重性”功能，即它既起引导词的作用，同时还指代或替代”先行词”，并且又在定语从句中充当某个句子成分。

关系代词：that指人和物，做主语和宾语；which指物，做主语和宾语；who指人，做主语和宾语；whom指人，做宾语；whose指人和物，做定语。

关系副词：when,where,why等，分别做时间、地点、原因状语。

在定语从句中用什么引导词，除了要看先行词指代的是什么，还必须弄清楚该引导词在从句中所充当的成分。

如：误：Istillrememberthedaywhichwemettorthefirsttime.析：引导词表示的是ontheday,在定语从句中作时间状语，不是作met的宾语，所以应该用关系副词when来引导。

误:Idon’tbelievethereasonwhyhehasgivenforhisbeinglate.析：应将why改为which或that,因为从句中的谓语动词hasgiven缺少宾语，而不缺少原因状语。

二、定语从句中重复出现与先行词有关的代词或副词关系词既起引导词的作用，同时还指代先行词，因而要避免在定语从句中重复出现与先行词有关的代词或副词。

例如：误：Thesalesmanageryouwanttoseehimisonanotherline.正：Thesalesmanageryouwanttoseeisonanotherline.析:应删去him。

定语从句常见错误例析
一.误用关系词
1.i'llneverforgetthedayswhenwespenttogetheronthefarm.
2.thisisthefactorywherehewasinvitedtovisitlastmonth.
分析：定语从句的先行词是表示时间或地点的名词或代词时，引导定语从句的关系词不一定都是when或where。

关系词的选择主要取决于定语从句中的谓语动词。

如果从句的谓语动词是及物动词而且其后没有宾语，就用关系代词that或which作宾语。

如果从句的谓语动词是不及物动词或者是后面已经有了宾语的及物动词，就用关系副词。

在句1和句2中，从句谓语动词spent和visit都是及物动词，而且后面又没有宾语，所以应分别将when和where改为that或which。

二.宾语重复
1.asweallknowit,theearthisround.
2.themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseeitcarri edoutthenextmonth.
分析：如果关系代词在从句中作宾语，则谓语动词后面就不能再有宾语。

在句1中，关系代词as作从句谓语动词know的宾语，因此，it就是多余的，应去掉。

在句2中，关系代词that在从句中作动词see 的宾语，因此it也是多余的，应去掉。

三.缺少先行词或关系词
1.isthisparkwherehisfatherworks?。

定语从句典型错误例析1.【误】The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.【正】The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put into my mouth.【析】上句应由关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语，已省去。

因此，从句中的宾语it多余。

又如：【误】Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland,where he was buried there in 1977 【正】Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland,where he was buried in 1977.2.【误】I,who is a Chinese,will do my best for our country.【正】I,who am a Chinese,will do my best for our country.【析】定语从句中谓语动词的形式应依据先行词的人称和数来确定，保持主谓一致。

如：①Mike is one of the students who know the truth.(先行词为students)②Mike is the only one of the students who knows the truth.(先行词为the only one)3.【误】All what you have done is not necessary.【误】All which you have done is not necessary.【正】All that you have done is not necessary.【析】what不能引导定语从句。

定语从句专项报告---定语从句常见错误例析青岛六中周汝宁【热点综述】定语从句是高中英语新教材中一个非常重要的语法项目,亦是一个难点, 同时也是近几年高考英语单项填空题考查的热点。

由于其用法及内容繁杂,还牵涉到动词时态、主谓一致、不定代词等项目,在使用中往往犯这样或那样的错误,以至在考试中造成失分现象。

为澄清对定语从句的理解上所存在的误区, 避免由于判断上的失误而造成的失分现象,现对在使用定语从句时常犯的错误进行归纳和总结。

1. 省去作主语的关系代词(1 【误】 The changes have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.【正】 The changes that have happened in the past few years make the city look even more beautiful.(2 【误】 Those want to visit the art exhibition sign your names, please. 【正】Those who want to visit the art exhibition sign your names, please.【析】关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省去,而作主语却不可省去。

又如:Most of the people who were invited to the conference were famous scientists from Africa.(who不能省略2.从句中使用冗余的人称代词或副词(1 The compositions we handed th em in t wo weeks ago haven’t been marked yet.【析】从句中省去了作宾语的关系代词 that/which,故 them 为多余的,应去掉。