介词和数词
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一、数词讲解1、基数词。
表示数目的多少,如:one, two, three, one hundred, two thousand 等。
2、序数词。
表示顺序第几,其前面须加上定冠词the。
如:the twenty-first, the thirtieth等练习:写出下列数字的基数词和序数词的表示方法。
3、分数。
分数表达法:基数词表示分子,序数词表示分母,如果分子大于1时,分母要加“s”。
如:one-fourth, two-fifths, three-tenths4、年、月、时间表达法:年份用基数词,日期用序数词,时间用基数词,其顺序由小到大。
Eg: He was born on January 11th, 1886. He was born in January, 1990.5、Hundred, thousand, million, dozen, score这些词前面如有表示具体数字的词,它们不能加“s”,反之则须加“s”。
如:three hundred people, thousands of people。
(1) 200 个学生____________________________ (2) 成百上千的人__________________________(3) There are about two _______ students in their school.A. thousand ofB. thousands ofC. thousandD. thousands(4) _______ Iraqi people died in the Iraq War.A. Thousand ofB. Thousands ofC. ThousandD. Thousands(5) _______ students in our school went there this summer.A. Two hundredB. Two hundredsC. Two hundreds ofD. Two hundred of基础练习:(1)He lives on _______ floor. A. four B. fourth C. the four D. the fourth(2) Today she is very happy,because it is her ________ birthdayA. seventeenB. seventeenthC. the seventeenthD. the seventeen (3) This is a big class, and ________ of the students are girls.A. two thirdB. second threeC. two thirdsD. two three(4) -- What is one fourth and a half, do you know? -- Yes, it’s _______.A. two sixthsB. three fourthsC. one threeD. three sixths(5) I like this kind of pen, could you please give me _______ more.A. twoB. secondC. the twoD. the second(6) He has failed many times, but he wants to try _________ time.A. sixthB. a sixthC. the sixthD. six(7) In the final exam, he got _______ prize.A. thirdB. the thirdC. threeD. the three二、介词的用法(一) 介词的功能介词是一种虚词,不能单独使用。
高中英语语法数词与介词知识归纳基数词表示数目多少或顺序先后的词叫数词。
1.基数词的构成:1-10 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten;11-19 eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen;20-90 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety;≥ 100100 a/one hundred;1,000 a/one thousand;1,000,000 a/one million;1, 000,000,000 a/one billion = a/one thousand million2. 基数词的用法1)作主语:Three will be enough for us.三个对我们来说就足够了。
Two of the girls are from Tokyo.这些姑娘中有两位来自东京。
2)作宾语:Four people applied for this job, but we only need one.四个人申请这工作,但我们仅需一人。
3)作表语:The population of China is over 1.3 billion.中国有十三亿多人口。
I’m twenty while my brother is sixteen.我二十岁,我弟弟十六岁。
4)作定语:We have 300 workers in our company.我们公司有三百名员工。
Forty students were involved in the interview. 四十名学生参加了这次采访。
5)作同位语:You two clean these seats.你们两个打扫这些位子。
数词1. 定义:表示"多少"和"第几"的词,叫数词。
其用法相当于名词或者形容词。
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
基数词: 表示数目的词是基数词,最基本的数词如下:1 one,2 two,3 three,4 four,5 five,6 six,7 seven,8 eight,9 nine, 10 ten, 11 eleven, 12 twelve, 13 thirteen, 14 fourteen, 15 fifteen, 16 sixteen, 17 seventeen,18 eighteen, 19 nineteen, 20 twenty, 30 thirty, 40 forty, 50 fifty, 60 sixty,70 seventy, 80 eighty, 90 ninety,100 a hundred,1,000 a thousand, 1,000,000 a million,1,000,000,000 a billion.基数词1-12 是独立单词,需逐个记忆。
基数词13 - 19是个位数词的词干后加-teen 构成。
其中thirteen, fifteen, eighteen, 变化不规则。
基数词20 ━90 是在十位数词后面加-ty 构成。
基数词21 ━ 99 是在十位数词后面加上个位数词合成,中间加上连字符" ━ " 。
例如:21 twenty ━ one 95 ninety ━ five基数词三位以上的数词, 在百位和十位之间,一般要用连词"and "。
例如:132 one hundred and thirty ━ two.1340 one thousand three hundred and forty表示"万"的词英语中没有.如1万可用10千来表示。
ten thousand. 30万可用three hundred thousand 来表示。
介词冠词和数词的用法总结《介词冠词和数词的用法总结》整体感受嘛,介词、冠词和数词在英语学习里真的是有点让人头疼,但又很重要的部分。
就像建房子的小零件,虽然小但缺了它们房子就不稳固。
先来说说介词。
回想起来才发现介词用法超级多。
比如说“in”、“on”和“at”,这三个太常见了。
“in”可以表示在一个空间里面,像“in the room”,在房间里;还可以表示在一段时间范围内,“in the morning”在早上。
“on”呢,经常用在具体的某一天,“on Monday”,星期一这一天。
“at”就更多用于具体的时间点,“at 7 o’clock”。
而且介词和动词搭配起来还有很多特殊的用法,像“look at”看,“listen to”听。
这些搭配可不能搞错,这就像钥匙和锁,一对一搭配好才能打开正确的理解大门。
冠词分定冠词“the”和不定冠词“a”、“an”。
“a”和“an”表示一个或者某一个,“an”用在元音开头的单词前,比如说“an apple”。
“the”的话就特指某个事物,比如说“the book”,就是特定的那一本书。
这让我想起之前做练习题的时候,就老在定冠词和不定冠词上犯迷糊。
有一次看到句子“Give me a book”和“Give me the book”,当时就没分清。
现在想想,第一个句子只是说给我一本书(随便一本),而第二个句子是给我那本(特定的那本)书。
原来是这么回事。
数词相对来说比较简单,但容易出错的点也有。
基数词就是表示数量,“one”“two”“three”之类的。
序数词表示顺序,像“first”“second”“third”。
这里有个特别要记住的点,序数词前面一般都是要加定冠词“the”的,比如说“the first day”第一天。
重要发现呢,就是这些词的用法有时候是要根据上下文来判断的。
不能只看单词本身就确定怎么用,一定要把整个句子或者段落的意思弄明白。
反思一下,之前对于它们的学习有点太死记硬背了,没有深入去理解每个用法背后的逻辑。
Lecture 2 . 数词+介词请将下列语句翻译成英文:1.该电路中的电流为电源短路电流的一半。
●The current in the circuit is one half of the short-circuitcurrent of the source.2.现在其内部的压力是原先的1/3。
●Now its internal pressure is one third what it was.3.月球的质量为地球的1/81。
●The mass of the moon is one eighty-first that of the earth.4.这个元件上的电压为零点几伏特。
●The voltage across this component is several tenths of avolt.5.这种蓄电池的电阻仅为零点零零几/千分之几欧姆。
●The resistance of this kind of storage battery is only a fewthousandths of an ohm.6.其误差为6/1012。
●Its error is six parts in 1012.7.这台计算机储存的信息比那台多3倍。
●This computer stores four times more Information thanthat one.8.不久的将来对这种设备的需求量将为现在的20倍。
●The demand for this equipment in the near future will betwenty times what it is.I. 分数与倍数1.一般表示法:●分子--基数词;分母—序数词●8/9: eight ninths , 1/81: one eighty-first2.“零点几”、“零点零几”、“千分之几”,”百万分之几”…●The voltage across this component is several tenths ofa volt.●The pill weighs a few hundredths of a gram.●This is only a few thousandths of the heat ofvaporization.●Seven parts per million●Seven parts in a million●Seven parts in 106.3.数词在句子中作前置修饰语●The output is 100 times {of} the input.●Its speed is three times that of the light.●The force excerted on the body is two fifths what it was. 4.表示数量增长/减少的常用句型1.n times + 比较级=n times as 原级as●This box is six times heavier than that one.●This value is nearly 4.5 times greater than the ideal one.●The wavelength of this musical note is over three timeslonger than that of the same note in the air.●The sample has been magnified by a factor of 11. (增了10倍,为原来的11 倍)●If the radius is halved, the flow rate is reduced by afactor of 5. (降低了4倍,降为原来的1/5)请根据中文原文改正英文译文的错误。
数词的介词知识点总结一、数词的基本概念1. 数词是表示数目或次序的词。
数词分为基数词和序数词两种。
2. 基数词表示数目的多少,如一、二、三等。
3. 序数词表示次序或顺序,如第一、第二、第三等。
4. 数词的构成有规律可循,如基数词添加“-th”后就成为相应的序数词。
二、数词的用法及介词搭配1. 数词+名词时,通常用于表示数量、次序等。
例如:three books、the first day等。
2. 数词+of+名词时,表示“……的几个(或第几个)……”的意思。
例如:three of the students、the first of September等。
3. 数词+介词+数词时,表示“数量+单位”的意思。
例如:two by two(两个一组)、three in a row(一排三个)、four on each side(每边四个)等。
4. 数词+介词+名词时,表示数量或次序的特定概念。
例如:two in the morning(早上两点)、three at a time(一次三个)、four at most(最多四个)等。
5. 数词+介词+形容词时,表示数量或次序的概念加上形容词的描述。
例如:five by oneself (一个人五个)、six in total(总共六个)、seven at most(最多七个)等。
三、数词的特殊用法1. 数词+复合介词时,表示数量或次序加上复合介词的特定含义。
例如:twenty-two out of thirty(三十个中的二十二个)、fifty-five on each side(每边五十五个)等。
2. 数词+介词+数词+名词时,表示数量或次序加上特定单位的概念。
例如:three times a month(一个月三次)、four kilometers per hour(每小时四公里)等。
3. 数词+连词+数词时,表示数量或次序之间的比较或关系。
例如:three or four times(三到四次)、five and six together(五六两个一起)等。
数词1.分类:数词有基数词和序数词两种。
英语的数词可以作句子的主语、宾语、表语和定语。
2、基数词:1.2.3.4.5.6........(1)百位与十位之间要加and;101: one hundred and one;(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看, 每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示;如:1,000 1,000,000 1,000,000,000(3)hundred、thousand、million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one, two, …等其它数词。
One hundred, 3 thousand,5 million.(4)用作名词时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of.如:hundreds of 成百上千thousands of 成千上万3、序数词:表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
(1) 英语的序数词基本变法:(1) 一般在基数词后加th, ninth,fifth,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth, twelfth;(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth, twentieth (2)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。
如:thirty-sixth, twenty-1st(3) 使用序数词时一般加定冠词the. 如:I‘m in the eleventh.(4) 序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。
如:1/5→one fifth ; 2/3→two thirds口诀:分子基数词,分母序数词,分子大于一,分母加S。
4、数词的用法:(1)表示年份:2002: twenty thousand and two(2)表示日期:2002年11月8日: Nov. 8th, 2002.(3)表示时刻:5:15→five fifteen(4)表示编号:Room 105→Room one 0 five;5、小数的读法:5.7→five point seven, 0.16 →zero point one six.6、“半”的表达:1/2→half, 半小时→half an hour,当堂训练:完成下列句子。
第三课时 介词和数词介词是历年中考的必考点,介词的考查主要集中在基本用法和习惯搭配上。
常见考点如下:①介词辨析①介词的固定搭配(“动词+介词”; “形容词+介词”;“介词+a/an/the/his/Jim’s +名词”)考点一 表示时间的介词1.at 多用于具体钟点前,如:at seven,at a quarter to one;也可用于固定搭配中,如:at noon,at night 。
2.in 表示一段时间,用于年、月、世纪、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上等前。
如:in the twenty -first century 在21世纪,in autumn 在秋天,in the morning 在早上;还可用于表示“从现在起,多长时间以后或多久之后”的短语中。
3.on 主要用在星期几、具体某一天或具体某一天的早、中、晚或节日前。
如:on the Mid -Autumn Festival 在中秋节on June 1st 在6月1日4.since,from 和for 介词 含义及用法例句since指从某时一直延续至今,后常接时间点,句子用完成时。
He has lived here since 1993.从1993年开始他一直住在这里。
from说明开始时间,可用过去、现在、将来的某种时态。
From now on,I will learn English every morning.从今以后,每天早晨我将学英语。
for指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,句子用完成时。
I have studied English for six years.我已经学英语六年了。
题组训练用适当的介词填空①Mother’s Day is the second Sunday in May.①We usually get to school 7:40 in the morning.①Her birthday is winter, the most beautiful season in a year.①Uncle Wang has worked in the factory twenty years.①—How soon will he come back?— a month.考点二表示方位的介词1.表示方位的in,on和toin表示在某一地区之内(属于该范围);on表示与某地的毗邻关系;to表示在某一地区之外(不属于该范围)。
第23讲介词和数词
介词
1.It is important __A__ us to make full use of time.(2016,永州)
A.for B.of C.with
2.—The summer weather is coming.I'm looking forward __B__ it.
—Me too.(2016,郴州)
A.at B.to C.on
3.Taiwan lies __B__ the east of Fujian,________ the southeast of China.
(导学号:38122129)(2016,龙东)
A.on;in B.to;in C.on;to
4.—Sally is my best friend.She is always there whenever I'm __B__.(2016,福州)
—Yeah.A friend in need is a friend indeed.
A.in order B.in trouble C.in public
5.Stephen Hawking got more than 380,000 followers in two hours __C__ first message on Weibo.(2016,东营)
A.before B.since C.after D.until
6.I'd like to hold our next meeting __C__ June 23rd.Is that OK for you?(2016,威海)
A.in B.into C.on D.with
7.Nowadays,more and more people have taken an interest __C__ watching Running Man ________ Friday evening.(2016,安顺)
A.in;in B.at;on C.in;on D.for;in
8.—Who is Dave looking __B__?(2016,襄阳)
—His mother.She's been in hospital for a few days.
A.for B.after C.at D.up
9.Sleeping is a popular way to relax __B__ students.(2016,临沂)
A.on B.among C.about D.between
10.At the farewell party,Kobe Bryant said,“__D__ the support of my fans,it would be hard for me to achieve such great success.”(2016,东营) A.With B.Under C.Through D.Without
11.__C__ running after success,we have a lot of other interesting things to do in our lives.
(导学号:38122130)(2016,东营)
A.By B.On C.Besides D.Except
12.Many young people put mobile gaming __C__ anything else,thinking little of their normal lives.
(导学号:38122131)(2016,广东)
A.along with B.behind
C.before D.in front of
13.Tina had to sell the house even though it was __C__ her own wishes.
A.above B.on C.against D.for
14.He is often late __A__ class.Sometimes he is even absent ________ school.
A.for;from B.for;for
C.from;for D.to;from
数词
1.Mount Tai is so famous that __C__ people visit it every day.(2016,永州) A.hundred of B.seven hundreds of
C.hundreds of
2.—Hi,Andy!There are __A__ floors in this building.Which floor do you live on?
—I live on the ________ floor.(2016,衡阳)
A.thirty;twentysecond B.thirty;twentytwo
C.thirtieth;twentytwo
3.The workers will complete the new bridge in __A__.
(导学号:38122132)(2016,郴州)
A.two and a half months
B.two months and half
C.two and a half month
4.On her __B__ birthday,she got an iPad as a gift from her father.(2016,泸州)
A.twelve B.twelfth
C.the twelve D.the twelfth
5.Meimei is going to be an older sister.Her parents are planning to have their __D__ child.(2016,重庆)
A.one B.two C.first D.second
6.Please turn to page __D__ and take a look at the picture on it.(2016,广东)
A.the eightieth B.eightieth
C.eighties D.eighty
7.—What do you think of the environment here?
—Wonderful!__A__ of the land ________ covered with trees and grass.
(导学号:38122133)(2016,滨州)
A.Two fifths;is B.Two fifth;is
C.Two fifths;are D.Two fifth;are。