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2012年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分：78.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、阅读理解(总题数：3，分数：40.00)Without some appreciation of common large numbers, it"s impossible to react with the proper skepticism to terrifying reports that more than a million American kids are kidnapped each year, or with the proper sobriety to a warhead carrying a megaton of explosive power—the equivalent of a million tons(or two billion pounds)of TNT. And if you don"t have some feeling for probabilities, automobile accidents might seem a relatively minor problem of local travel, whereas being killed by terrorists might seem to be a major risk when going overseas. As often observed, however, the 45, 000 people killed annually on American roads are approximately equal in number to all Americans dead in the Vietnam War. On the other hand, the seventeen Americans killed by terrorists in 1985 were among the 28 million of us who traveled abroad that year—that"s one chance in 1. 6 million of becoming a victim. Compare that with these annual rates in the United States; one chance in 68, 000 of choking to death; one chance in 75 , 000 of dying in a bicycle crash; one chance in 20, 000 of drowning; and one chance in only 5, 300 of dying in a car crash. Confronted with these large numbers and with the correspondingly small probabilities associated with them, the innumerate will inevitably respond with the non sequitur, * "Yes, but what if you"re that one, " and then nod knowingly, as if they"ve demolished your argument with penetrating insight. This tendency to personalize is a characteristic of many who suffer from innumeracy. Equally typical is a tendency to equate the risk from some obscure and exotic malady with the chances of suffering from heart and circulatory disease, from which about 12, 000 Americans die each week. There"s a joke I like that"s marginally relevant. An old married couple in their nineties contact a divorce lawyer, who pleads with them to stay together. "Why get divorced now after seventy years of marriage?" The little old lady finally pipes up in a creaky voice: "We wanted to wait until the children were dead. " A feeling for what quantities or time spans are appropriate in various contexts is essential to getting the joke. Slipping between millions and billions or between billions and trillions should in this sense be equally funny, but it isn"t, because we too often lack an intuitive grasp for these numbers. A recent study by Drs. Kronlund and Phillips of the University of Washington showed that most doctors" assessments of the risks of various operations, procedures, and medications(even in their own specialties)were way off the mark, often by several orders of magnitude. I once had a conversation with a doctor who, within approximately 20 minutes, stated that a certain procedure he was contemplating(a)had a one-chance-in-a-million risk associated with it;(b)was 99 percent safe; and(c)usually went quite well. Given the fact that so many doctors seem to believe that there must be at least eleven people in the waiting room if they"re to avoid being idle, I"m not surprised at this new evidence of their innumeracy. *A non sequitur is a statement that does not follow logically from previous statements.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can be inferred to be the author"s view of the " reports that more than a million American kids are kidnapped each year"(Paragraph 1)?（分数：2.00）A.They are typical examples of American journalism.B.They are evidence of a terrible problem that must be addressed.C.They are probably untrue.D.They demonstrate an American obsession with statistics.(2).The list of probabilities cited in Paragraph 2 is intended to illustrate______.（分数：2.00）A.that probability can be used in many different ways in everyday lifeB.that terrorism is far less a threat to Americans than many other common dangersC.that the world is filled with many dangersD.that a knowledge of probability can help Americans decide where to travel most safely abroad(3).Which of the following is NOT an element of the discussion in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.A refutation of a scientific theory.B.A personal recollection.C.A reference to an authoritative study.D.A discussion of a common misconception.(4).What is the author"s view of the "penetrating insight" mentioned in Line 3 , Paragraph 3?（分数：2.00）A.It is the result of careful analysis.B.It is illogical.C.It demolishes a statistical argument.D.It does not sufficiently personalize the situation being discussed.(5).The author mentions the time span of "approximately 20 minutes"(Line 4, Paragraph 6)in order to emphasize______.（分数：2.00）A.the doctor"s inability to appreciate relevant time spansB.the comparison with the elderly couple in the preceding jokeC.the frequency with which the doctor contradicted himselfD.the common need to approximate rather than use precise numbersThere is a canal two rods wide along the northerly and westerly sides of the pond, and wider still at the east end. A great field of ice has cracked off from the main body. I hear a song sparrow singing from the bushes on the shore. He too is helping to crack it. How handsome the great sweeping curves in the edge of the ice, answering somewhat to those of the shore, but more regular! It is unusually hard, owing to the recent severe but transient cold, and all watered or waved like a palace floor. But the wind slides eastward over its opaque surface in vain, till it reaches the living surface beyond. It is glorious to behold this ribbon of water sparkling in the sun, the bare face of the pond full of glee and youth, as if it spoke the joy of the fishes within it, and of the sands on its shore. The change from storm and winter to serene and mild weather, from dark and sluggish hours to bright and elastic ones, is a memorable crisis which all things proclaim. It is seemingly instantaneous at last. Suddenly an influx of light filled my house, though the evening was at hand, and the clouds of winter still overhung it, and the eaves were dripping with sleety rain. I looked out the window, and look! Where yesterday was cold gray ice there lay the transparent pond already calm and full of hope as in a summer evening reflecting a summer evening sky in its bosom, though none was visible overhead. The pitch pines and shrub oaks about my house, which had so long drooped suddenly resumed their several characters, looked brighter, greener, and more erect and alive, as if effectually cleansed and restored by the rain.I know that it would not rain any more. You may tell by looking at any twig of the forest, aye, at your very woodpile, whether its winter is past or not. As it grew darker, I was startled by the honking of geese flying low over the woods, like weary travelers getting in late from southern lakes, and indulging at last in unrestrained complaint and mutual consolation. Standing at my door, I could hear the rush of their wings; when, driving toward my house, they suddenly spied my light, and with hushed clamor wheeled and settled in the pond. In the morning I watched the geese from the door through the mist, sailing in the middle of the pond, fifty rods off, large and tumultuous. But when I stood on the shore they at once rose up with great flapping of wings at the signal of their commander, and when they had got into rank circled about over my head, twenty-nine of them, and then steered straight to Canada, with a regular honk from the leader at intervals. A plump of ducks rose at the same time and took the route to the north in the wake of their noisier cousins. For a week I heard the circling groping clangor of some solitary goose in the foggy mornings, seeking its companion, and still peopling the woods with the sound of a larger life than they could sustain. In April the pigeons were seen again flying express in smallflocks, and in due time I heard the martins twittering over my clearing, though it had not seemed that the township contained so many that it could afford me any, and I fancied that they were peculiarly of the ancient race that dwelt in hollow trees ere white men came. In almost all climes the tortoise and the frog are among the precursors and herald of this season, and birds fly with song and glancing plumage, and plants spring and bloom, and winds blow to correct this slight oscillation of the poles and preserve the equilibrium of Nature. As every season seems best to us in its turn, so the coming in of spring is like creation of Cosmos out of Chaos and the realization of the Golden Age.（分数：14.00）(1).From the passage, one can infer that the______.（分数：2.00）A.geese are backB.martins are singingC.woodpile is well stockedD.pond is melting(2).The overall purpose of this passage seems to be the narrator"s______.（分数：2.00）A.desire to sound poeticB.delight to see the pond waterC.description of the bird life around himD.celebration of the oncoming season(3).What is the predominant literary device used throughout this passage?（分数：2.00）A.Personification.B.Restrained description.C.Bombastic narration.D.Rhetorical question.(4).The tone of this passage can best be described as______.（分数：2.00）A.colloquialrmativeC.unrestrainedD.poetic(5).The narrator describes the water as all of the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00）A.a canal two rods wideB.a reflection of the skyC.a mirror of his soulD.a transparent pond(6).The geese are best characterized through a series of______.（分数：2.00）A.similes and metaphorsB.aural and visual imagesC.emotional reflectionsD.unrelated impressions(7).Which is a subject not treated in this passage?（分数：2.00）A.The connectedness of people to nature.B.The innocence of mankind.C.The cyclical certainty of nature.D.The glory of a long-awaited event.I received Everett"s Life of Washington which you sent me, and enjoyed its perusal. How his spirit would be grieved could he see the wreck of his mighty labors! I will not, however, permit myself to believe, until all ground of hope is gone, that the fruit of his noble deeds will be destroyed, and that his precious advice and virtuous example will so soon be forgotten by his countrymen. As far as I can judge by the papers, we are between a state of anarchy and civil war. May God avert both of these evils from us! I see that four states had declared themselves out of the Union;four more will apparently follow their example. Then, if the border states are brought into the gulf of revolution, one half of the country will be arrayed against the other. I must try and be patient and await the end, for I can do nothing to hasten or retard it. The South, in my opinion, has been aggrieved by the acts of the North, as you say. I feel the aggression and am willing to take every proper step for redress. It is the principle I contend for, not individual or private benefit. As an American citizen, I take great pride in my country, her prosperity and institutions, and would defend any state if her rights were invaded. But I can anticipate no greater calamity for the country than a dissolution of the Union. It would be an accumulation of all the evils we complain of, and I am willing to sacrifice everything but honor for its preservation. I hope, therefore, that all constitutional means will be exhausted before there is a resort to force. Secession is nothing but revolution. The framers of our Constitution never exhausted so much labor, wisdom, and forbearance in its formation, and surrounded it with so many guards and securities, for it was intended to be broken by every member of the Confederacy at will. It was intended for " perpetual union, " so expressed in the preamble, and for the establishment of a government, not a compact, which can only be dissolved by revolution or the consent of all the people in convention assembled. It is idle to talk of secession. Anarchy would have been established, and not a government, by Washington, Hamilton, Jefferson, Madison, and the other patriots of the Revolution ... Still, a Union that can only be maintained by swords and bayonets, and in which strife and civil war are to take the place of brotherly love and kindness, has no charm for me.I shall mourn for my country and for the welfare and progress of mankind. If the Union is dissolved, I shall return to my native state and share the miseries of my people; and, save in defense, will draw my sword on none.（分数：16.00）(1).The " he" the speaker refers to in the opening paragraph is______.（分数：2.00）A.Everett, author of Life of WashingtonB.General Robert E.LeeC.George WashingtonD.the president in office when the selection was written, Abraham Lincoln(2).The narrator"s attitude toward George Washington is that he______.（分数：2.00）A.admires Washington for his personal traits but recognizes that his style of leadership is ill-suited to the present conflictB.understands that Washington is aggrieved by the acts of the NorthC.praises Washington as a man of great actions, fine advice, and unshakable ethicsD.believes that Washington has contributed to the present state of anarchy and civil war(3).Based on his description of George Washington, we can infer that the narrator/speaker______.（分数：2.00）A.admires people of noble character and sought such greatness of spirit himselfB.has great inner strength but shies away from physical confrontationC.is intolerant of anyone who does not meet his exacting standards of behaviorD.is humble in the face of adversity but fully believes that he will be as famous as Washington one day(4).From his remarks, we can infer that the speaker______.（分数：2.00）A.is a Northerner who strongly believes that the South has been wronged by the North in the present conflictB.loves his country but not its leadersC.is loyal but only to the point of actual war; then he will lay down his arms and be a martyrD.is highly patriotic(5).What conclusion can you draw about the speaker"s character from the conclusion?（分数：2.00）A.He is devoted to his state, but hates war.B.He is a natural leader who has much experience with public service.C.He is judgmental and rigid.D.He is cowardly and faint-of-heart.(6).The thesis or main idea of the passage is that______.（分数：2.00）A.people must take up arms in defense of their country; to do any less is cowardiceB.the Union is being tested by wrongs committed by both the North and the SouthC.the Union will always endure, no matter what happensD.anarchy is a healthy state because it leads to positive change(7).Based on its point of view, tone, form, and content, this passage is most likely an excerpt from a______.（分数：2.00）A.public speechB.journal or diary entryC.short storyD.letter(8).The author"s diction can best be characterized as______.（分数：2.00）A.formal and precisermal and relaxedC.mediocre but educatedD.colloquial and informal二、句子改错(总题数：10，分数：20.00)1.Correct the mistakes in the following sentences: underline the wrong parts and put the correct ones in the brackets. If there is no error, use a √ or write "No error" on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)The lack of progress in international relations reveals that governments must study the art of diplomacy much closer.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.Before the curtain rose, Anthony wished that he were back in bed, only dreaming about performing in front of hundreds of strangers rather than actually doing it.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.Caravaggio demonstrated the great range of his artistic talent in such paintings as "Bacchus" and "Basket of Fruit, " painted in 1593 and 1596, respectfully.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 4.James, like many parents, believes that if a child can read at a very young age, he/she will grow to have exceptional literary talent.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 5.Grizzly bears rarely show aggression toward humans, but they will protect their territory from anyone whom they would have considered to be a threat.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________6.Andre told the board that both the fund deficit and the disillusionment of the investors werea problem that had to be addressed immediately.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 7.Just when those who were observing the heart transplant procedure assumed the worst, the surgeons themselves are most confident.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 8.Since 2001, the company has spent more on employee training than it did in the previous 10 years combined.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 9.Some doctors believe that taking vitamins on a daily basis help decrease a patient"s susceptibility to infection.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________10.When the window was opened, the affects of the cool spring breeze were felt immediately by the uncomfortable workers.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________写作11.Consider carefully the issue discussed below, and then write an essay that answers the question posed in the task. Oscar Wilde once said that the only thing worse than being talked about was not being talked about. Today it seems we have taken this witticism to its logical extreme. Some people make their lives as " personalities" whose only job is to get their names in the media. They lack any discernible talents except self-promotion. Assignment: You are required to write an essay of about at least 400 words in which you answer the question " Is fame a good thing or a bad thing? " and discuss your point of view on this issue. Support your position logically with examples from literature, the arts, history, politics, science and technology, current events, or your experience or observation. You are required to support your arguments with relevant information and examples based on your own ideas, knowledge and experience. Marks will be awarded for Content, Organization, Grammar, and Appropriateness. Failure to follow the instruction will result in a loss of marks.（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________四、英译汉(总题数：1，分数：2.00)12.Translate the following passage into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) Montaigne fully accepted human weaknesses and understood that no philosophy could be effective unless it took into account our deeply ingrained imperfections, the limitations of our rationality, the flaws that make us human. It is not that he was ahead of his time; it would be better said that the later scholars(advocating rationality)were backward. He was a thinking fellow, and his ideas did not spring up in his tranquil study, but while on horseback. He went on long fides and came back with ideas. He was never a dogmatist: he was a skeptic with charm, a fallible * , personal, introspective writer, and, primarily, someone who, in the great classical tradition, wanted to be a man. fallible; able to make mistakes（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________五、汉译英(总题数：1，分数：2.00)13.Translate the following passage into English. Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points) 剪纸是中国民间一门有着近千年历史的独特艺术。
2012年中山大学英语专业（基础英语）真题试卷(总分78, 做题时间90分钟)1. 阅读理解Without some appreciation of common large numbers, it"s impossible to react with the proper skepticism to terrifying reports that more than a million American kids are kidnapped each year, or with the proper sobriety to a warhead carrying a megaton of explosive power—the equivalent of a million tons(or two billion pounds)of TNT. And if you don"t have some feeling for probabilities, automobile accidents might seem a relatively minor problem of local travel, whereas being killed by terrorists might seem to be a major risk when going overseas. As often observed, however, the 45, 000 people killed annually on American roads are approximately equal in number to all Americans dead in the Vietnam War. On the other hand, the seventeen Americans killed by terrorists in 1985 were among the 28 million of us who traveled abroad that year—that"s one chance in 1. 6 million of becoming a victim. Compare that with these annual rates in the United States; one chance in 68, 000 of choking to death; one chance in 75 , 000 of dying in a bicycle crash; one chance in 20, 000 of drowning; and one chance in only 5, 300 of dying in a car crash. Confronted with these large numbers and with the correspondingly small probabilities associated with them, the innumerate will inevitably respond with the non sequitur, * "Yes, but what if you"re that one, " and then nod knowingly, as if they"ve demolished your argument with penetrating insight. This tendency to personalize is a characteristic of many who suffer from innumeracy. Equally typical is a tendency to equate the risk from some obscure and exotic malady with the chances of suffering from heart and circulatory disease, from which about 12, 000 Americans die each week. There"s a joke I like that"s marginally relevant. An old married couple in their nineties contact a divorce lawyer, who pleads with them to stay together. "Why get divorced now after seventy years of marriage?" The little old lady finally pipes up in a creaky voice: "We wanted to wait until the children were dead. " A feeling for what quantities or time spans are appropriate in various contexts is essential to getting the joke. Slipping between millions and billions or between billions and trillions should in this sense be equally funny, but it isn"t, because we too often lack an intuitive grasp for these numbers. A recent study by Drs. Kronlund and Phillips of the University of Washington showed that most doctors" assessments of the risks of various operations, procedures, and medications(even intheir own specialties)were way off the mark, often by several orders of magnitude. I once had a conversation with a doctor who, withinapproximately 20 minutes, stated that a certain procedure he was contemplating(a)had a one-chance-in-a-million risk associated with it;(b)was 99 percent safe; and(c)usually went quite well. Given the fact that so many doctors seem to believe that there must be at least eleven people in the waiting room if they"re to avoid being idle, I"m not surprised at this new evidence of their innumeracy. * A non sequitur is a statement that does not follow logically from previous statements.SSS_SINGLE_SEL1.Which of the following can be inferred to be the author"s view of the " reports that more than a million American kids are kidnapped each year"(Paragraph 1)?A They are typical examples of American journalism.B They are evidence of a terrible problem that must be addressed.C They are probably untrue.D They demonstrate an American obsession with statistics.该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2答案:C解析：由题干定位至第一段第一句。
广州大学教育管理学2024年考研专业课真题广州大学教育管理学2024年考研专业课真题一、选择题1、下列哪一项不是《义务教育法》规定的我国中小学教育的基本任务？ A. 实施素质教育 B. 培养德、智、体、美全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人 C. 促进城乡教育均衡发展 D. 提高民族素质2、下列哪个不是新课程改革中提出的课程目标？ A. 知识与技能 B. 过程与方法 C. 情感、态度与价值观 D. 健康成长与快乐生活3、下列哪个理论是说明人类学习规律的？ A. 建构主义学习理论 B. 行为主义学习理论 C. 认知主义学习理论 D. 人本主义学习理论二、简答题1、简述教育科学研究的基本方法。
2、请简述新课程改革中提出的“自主、合作、探究”的学习方式。
三、论述题1、请论述教育与社会发展的关系，并说明当代中国教育发展的战略方向。
2、试述学生中心课程论的优点和局限性。
四、案例分析题1、请分析一个你所熟悉的教师，他在班级管理上采取了哪些有效的方法？请结合教师中心课程论进行阐述。
2、请描述一个教师在教学实践中如何落实“自主、合作、探究”的学习方式，并作简要评价。
五、实践操作题1、请设计一份小学五年级数学教案，教学内容为“倍数与因数”，要求体现“自主、合作、探究”的学习方式。
2、请制作一份关于“互联网对教育的影响”的PPT演示文稿，要求包含五个以上主题，每个主题至少有两张幻灯片。
广州大学333教育综合2024年考研专业课真题广州大学333教育综合2024年考研专业课真题一、选择题1、下列哪个选项不属于教育心理学的研究范畴？（） A. 学习策略B. 技能形成C. 认知发展D. 情绪调节2、在一个班级中，通常会发现女生的数学成绩比男生好。
这种现象最有可能的原因是（） A. 女生在数学学习方面具有更高的天赋 B. 男生的学习态度普遍不如女生 C. 老师在数学教学中对女生的要求更严格 D. 男生在数学学习方面的注意力分散现象较为普遍3、下列哪个选项符合有效的教学策略？（） A. 使学生按照固定的流程进行学习，以达成预设的教学目标 B. 强调死记硬背，而非对知识的理解和运用 C. 鼓励学生超前学习，以应对激烈的学习竞争 D. 尊重学生的个体差异，针对不同的学生采取不同的教学方法二、简答题1、请简述教育心理学在教育教学中的应用及其重要性。
2012年大连外国语大学英语专业(语言学)真题试卷(总分：154.00,做题时间：90分钟)一、判断题(总题数：20,分数：40.00)nguage is a means of verbal communication which can only take place effectively if all the users share a broad understanding of human interaction including such associated factors as nonverbal cues,motivation,and socio-cultural roles.(分数：2.00)A.True √B.False解析：解析：考查语言的定义和影响语言交际的因素。
人们之间的有效沟通会受到语言、肢体语言、社会及文化等因素的影响。
2.Different words are used to describe the concept indifferent languages.This reflects the design feature of displacement concerning human languages.(分数：2.00)A.TrueB.False √解析：解析：考查语言的任意性。
任意性指语言符号的形式与意义之间没有自然的联系。
3.Adults enjoy reading poems for its sheer beauty and children take delight in repetitive rhythms. This reflects the informative function of language.(分数：2.00)A.TrueB.False √解析：解析：考查语言的娱乐性功能。
人们有时会因为纯粹的乐趣而使用语言。
4.Journalists keep writing about and reporting on important events. This better reflects the recreational function of language.(分数：2.00)A.TrueB.False √解析：解析：考查语言的信息功能。
中山大学语言学及应用语言学2012年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试语言学概论部分（150分）一、分析应用题（每题10分，共50分）1.下列是某一语言的一组词，其中[t]、[s]和[z] 分别与[č]、[š]和[ž]互补分布（释义省略）：tobola čina kesoka nkoši zengažima kasu čiba nselele lolonžizevo ažimola nzwetu kunezulu tanu请对以上出现的[t]、[s]、[z] 和[č]、[š]、[ž]六个音素进行因为归纳：（1）描写[t]、[s]、[z] 和[č]、[š]、[ž]的分布情况；（2）一个音位下有几个音位变体，应该以哪个音素作为音位的代表音素？为什么？（3）以公式表达音位、音位变体以及音位变体出现的条件。
2.比较现代汉语“狗”与英语dog的词义（本义、引申义），分析词义的民族性。
3.通过变换来分析下列两组句子中a与b不同的语义关系：（1）a.他喝醉了酒。
/ b.他喝完了酒。
（2）a.三个人吃一锅饭。
/b.一锅饭吃三个人。
4.下面是某一语言的四句话及普通话译文：（1）分析该语言属于哪种语法结构类型的语言？（2）分析上面四句话所体现的语法范畴。
5.清代学者陈澧说：“声不能传于异地，留于异时，于是乎书之为文字。
文字者，所以为意与声之迹也。
”试对这段话进行评述。
二、论述题（每题20分，共100分）1.索绪尔在《普通语言学教程》中说：“By distinguishing between the language itself andspeech, we distinguish at the same time:(1)what is social from what is individual, and (2)what is essential from what is ancillary and more or less accidental.”请翻译这段话，并谈谈区分语言和言语的意义。
广州大学非全日制硕士专业学位教育硕士培养方案一、专业学位类别、学制、学习方式专业学位类别代码：0451 专业学位类别名称：教育硕士专业领域代码：045108专业领域名称：学科教学（英语）学制：三年学习方式：非全日制二、专业领域介绍：该硕士点现有导师40人，其中校内导师24人（教授5人，副教授18人），校外导师16人（均具有高级专业技术职称）。
校内导师是广州大学外国语学院的科研和教学骨干，校外导师来自广东省教育厅、广州市教育局、省内相关高校外语院系以及广州市、深圳市、珠海市、佛山市英语教研室等教学单位或教学研究机构。
近年来，本硕士点导师队伍承担各级教学、科研课题60余项，其中省部级课题22项、市级课题20余项，获得省、市级科研奖励8项；公开出版学术专著、译著、教材30余部，公开发表学术表论文300余篇，其中40余篇发表在《外语教学与研究》、《中国翻译》、《外国语》、《现代外语》、《外语学刊》、《外语研究》、《中国英语教学》、《外国文学评论》、《当代外国文学》、《外国文学研究》等国家权威刊物与核心期刊上。
三、培养目标培养具有现代教育理念，掌握与英语教育密切相关的语言学、语言学习、教学法和教师专业发展等相关理论，掌握英语教学和测试的专业知识和技能，具有从事英语教学、研究和管理能力的英语骨干教师与英语教育工作者。
具体目标是：1) 具有现代教育理念，热爱教师职业和英语教学工作,有志于开展英语教育、教学改革与创新实践的研究。
2) 具有扎实的英语语言基础和广博的英语国家人文知识,能比较系统地掌握应用语言学理论、外语学习理论、外语教学理论及其方法，具有较强的英语教学与研究能力。
3) 能够独立开展与英语教学相关的科研课题，熟悉与课题相关的文献，能写出规范的英语教学科研论文。
四、培养方式1．主要利用寒暑假期间进行授课和指导论文。
第一、二学年以课程学习为主，采用讲授、自学、讨论相结合的方式，注重案例教学；强调学生自学，组织咨询辅导；加强实践环节，安排教学实践活动，实践活动在学员原单位进行，学员实践活动结束后，须提交两份教案及相关的教学评价。
英语语言文学真题回忆(综合英语，翻译与写作，二外法语)题目回忆是考后就写下，今天才来编辑发帖。
综合英语：1.单项选择题，关于语法，词组搭配之类的，没有考人文知识。
30道题30分。
难度中等或中下2.阅读理解四篇，每篇5道题，共40分。
文章和问题都不太难理解。
难度中等或中下其中一篇如下。
相比之下，其他3篇文章没那么长，但问题和选项就较长一点。
He was an old man with a white beard and huge nose and hands. Longbefore the time during which we will know him, he was a doctor and drove ajaded white horse from house to house through the streets of Winesburg. Laterhe married a girl who had money. She had been left a large fertile farm whenher father died. The girl was quiet, tall, and dark, and to many people sheseemed very beautiful. Everyone in Winesburg wondered why she married thedoctor. Within a year after the marriage she died.The knuckles of the doctor's hands were extraordinarily large.When the hands were closed they looked like clusters of unpainted wooden ballsas large as walnuts fastened together by steel rods.He smoked a cob pipe andafter his wife's death sat all day in his empty office close by a window thatwas covered with cobwebs. He never opened the window. Once on a hot day inAugust he tried but found it stuck fast and after that he forgot all about it.Winesburg had forgotten the old man, but in Doctor Reefy therewere the seeds of something very fine. Alone in his musty office in the HeffnerBlock above the Paris Dry Goods Company's store, he worked ceaselessly,building up something that he himself destroyed. Little pyramids of truth heerected and after erecting knocked them down again that he might have thetruths to erect other pyramids.Doctor Reefy was a tall man who had worn one suit of clothes forten years. It was frayed at the sleeves and little holes had appeared at theknees and elbows. In the office he wore also a linen duster with huge pocketsinto which he continually stuffed scraps of paper. After some weeks the scrapsof paper became little hard round balls, and when the pockets were filled hedumped themout upon the floor. For ten years he had but one friend, another oldman named John Spaniard who owned a tree nursery. Sometimes, in a playful mood,old Doctor Reefy took from his pockets a handful of the paper balls and threwthem at the nursery man. "'That is to confound you, you blithering oldsentimentalist," he cried, shaking with laughter.The story of Doctor Reefy and his courtship of the tall dark girlwho became his wife and left her money to him is a very curious story. It isdelicious, like the twisted little apples that grow in the orchards ofWinesburg. In the fall one walks in the orchards and the ground is hard withfrostunder foot. The apples have been taken from the trees by the pickers. Theyhave been put inbarrels and shipped to the cities where they will be eaten inapartments that are filled with books, magazines, furniture, and people. On thetrees are only a few gnarled apples that the pickers haverejected. They looklike the knuckles of Doctor Reefy’ s hands. One nibbles at them and they aredelicious. Into a little round place at the side of the apple has been gatheredall of its sweetness.One runs from tree to tree over the frosted ground pickingthe gnarled, twisted apples and filling his pockets with them. Only the fewknow the sweetness of the twisted apples.The girl and Doctor Reefy began their courtship on a summerafternoon. He was forty-fivethen and already he had begun the practice offilling his pockets with the scraps of paper thatbecame hard balls and werethrown away. The habit had been formed as he sat in his buggy behind the jadedgrey horse and went slowly along country roads. On the papers were writtenthoughts, ends of thoughts, beginnings of thoughts.One by one the mind of Doctor Reefy had made the thoughts. Out ofmany of them heformed a truth that arose gigantic in his mind. The truthclouded the world. It became terrible and then faded away and the littlethoughts began again.The tall dark girl came to see Doctor Reefy because she was in thefamily way and hadbecome frightened. She was in that condition because of aseries of circumstances also curious.The death of her father and mother and the rich acres of land thathad come down to her had seta train of suitors on her heels. For two years shesaw suitors almost every evening. Except twothey were all alike. They talked toher of passion and there was a strained eager quality in their voicesand in their eyes when they looked at her. The two who were different were muchunlikeeach other. One of them, a slender young man with white hands, the son ofa jeweler in Winesburg, talked continually of virginity. When he was with herhe was never off the subject. Theother, a black-haired boy with large ears,said nothing at all but always managed to get her into the darkness, where hebegan to kiss her.For a time the tall dark girl thought she would marry thejeweler's son. For hours she sat in silence listening as he talked to her andthen she began to be afraid of something. Beneath his talk of virginity shebegan to think there was a lust greater than in all the others. At times itseemed to her that as he talked he was holding her body in his hands. Sheimagined him turning it slowly about inthe white hands and staring at it. Atnight she dreamed that he had bitten into her body and that his jaws weredripping. She had the dream three times, then she became in the family way totheone who said nothing at all but who in the moment of his passion actuallydid bite her shoulder so that for days the marks of his teeth showed.After the tall dark girl came to know Doctor Reefy it seemed toher that she never wanted to leavehim again. She went into his office onemorning and without her saying anything he seemed to know what had happened toher.In the office of the doctor there was a woman, the wife of the manwho kept the bookstore in Winesburg. Like all old-fashioned countrypractitioners, Doctor Reefy pulled teeth, and the woman who waited held ahandkerchief to her teeth and groaned. Her husband was with her and when thetooth was taken out they both screamed and blood ran down on the woman's whitedress.The tall dark girl did not pay any attention. When the womanand the manhad gone the doctor smiled. "I will take you driving into the country withme," he said.For several weeks the tall dark girl and the doctor were togetheralmost every day. The condition that had brought her to him passed in anillness, but she was like one who has discovered the sweetness of the twistedapples, she could not get her mind fixed again upon theround perfect fruit thatis eaten in the city apartments. In the fall after the beginning of heracquaintanceship with him she married Doctor Reefy and in the following springshe died. During the winter he read to her all of the odds and ends of thoughtshe had scribbled on the bits of paper. After he had read them he laughed andstuffed them away in his pockets to become round hard balls.1.According to the story Doctor Reefy’s life seems very __________.A. eccentricB. normalC. enjoyableD. optimistic2.The story tells us that the tall dark girl was in the familyway. The phrase “in the family way”means____________.A. troubledB. PregnantC. twistedD. cheated3.Doctor Reef lives a ___________ life.A. happyB. miserableC. easy-goingD. reckless4. The tall dark girl’s marriage to Doctor Reef proves to be a _____ one.A. transientB. understandableC. perfectD. funny5. Doctor Ree f’s paper balls probably symbolize his ______.A. eagerness to shut himself away from societyB. suppressed desire to communicate with peopleC. optimism about lifeD. cynical attitude towards life3.完型填空就一篇，有20道选项吧共20分难度中等吧4.翻译40分i. 英译汉 20分O mighty poet! Thy works are not as those of other men, simply andmerely great works of art; but are also like the phenomena of nature, like thesunand the sea, the stars and the flowers; like frost and snow, rain and dew,hail-storm and thunder, which are to be studied with entire submission of ourown faculties, and in the perfect faith that in them there can be no too muchor too little, nothing useless or inert- but that, the farther we press in ourdiscoveries, the more we shall see proofs of design and self-supportingarrangement where the careless eye had seen nothing but accident!ii. 汉译英 20分那篇文章什么题目我忘了，但是却清晰地记得它的内容讲的是怎样面的人生的困难。
育明教育【温馨提示】现在很多小机构虚假宣传，育明教育咨询部建议考生一定要实地考察，并一定要查看其营业执照，或者登录工商局网站查看企业信息。
目前，众多小机构经常会非常不负责任的给考生推荐北大、清华、北外等名校，希望广大考生在选择院校和专业的时候，一定要慎重、最好是咨询有丰富经验的考研咨询师！2012年广州大学汉教考研真题及其答案解析招生学院（所，中心）：人文学院招生类别（请打勾选择）：□学术型/√专业型试卷类型：□A/√B招生专业：汉语国际教育硕士考试科目代码：354考试科目名称：汉语基础考生须知:1.答题必须全部写在考场所发答题纸上，写在本试卷上一律无效。
2.不准在答题纸上作任何暗示性的标记，否则以作弊处理。
3.答题时必须使用蓝色，黑色或蓝黑色钢笔，圆珠笔，中性笔答题。
4.考试完毕，本试卷和答题纸一起封装信封交回。
壹汉语语言学基础知识一、填空题（每小题2分，共30分）1.“现代汉语”是以北京语音为标准音，以，_________为基础方言，以典范的___________著作为语法规范的普通话。
2.方言包括__________和_____________等两种。
3.普通话声母中有____个浊辅音，其中_______即可以作声母又可以作韵尾。
4.“药”的声母是______，韵母属于___________呼。
5.用汉语拼音正词法规则给“广州大学”注音：_____________。
6.Pa音节中的a，从音素性质来看是___________，从所处汉语音节中的位置来看是_____________。
7.汉字传统的“六书”造字法是指，形象，________，会意，____________,转注，假借。
8.合成词由词根加词缀或词根加词跟构成，“分化”中的“化”是__________。
9.“小孩儿也会唱‘吐鲁番的葡萄熟了’”中包含了_____________个词。
10.“马前卒”旧指在车前头供奔走役使的人，现在用来比喻为别人效力的人（多含泛义），其意思发展变化属于____________型。
中山大学语言学及应用语言学2012年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试汉语言学基础部分（150分）一、判断正误。
认为正确的打“√”，不正确的打“×”。
（20分，每题1分）1.语音的四种要素包括音长、音高、音色和音质。
2.[p]、[p h]、[m]、[f]是双唇音。
3.[x]是舌面前、不送气、清擦音。
4.[ts]、[t]、[s]分别是塞擦音、擦音和擦音。
5.普通话中辅音只能充当声母。
6.zhi（知）中的i实际上为舌尖后、高、不圆唇元音。
7.普通话的一个汉字都代表一个音节。
8.元音、辅音、声调都是音质音位。
9.“一……十”这十个数字中，古入声字有五个，分别是“一六七八十”。
10.“雨”和“瓜”都是象形字，“甘”和“明”是会意字。
11.“猩猩”是单纯词，“哥哥”是合成词。
12.“哗啦”和“咣当”都是单纯词。
13.“大学”、“船只”、“地震”都是偏正型的复合词。
14.会意字由两个部件构成。
15.“突然转过身来”中的“突然”是副词。
16.“高”和“低”、“动”和“静”是两组极性反义词。
17.“鱼”的拼音是yú，“略”的拼音是luè。
18.甲骨文是殷商时代的文字，金文是西周时期的文字。
19.《说文解字》最早采用部首给汉子归部，将汉子归为214部。
20.独体字是构成汉字的最小单位。
二、分析题。
（50分）1.写出下列汉字在普通话中的国际音标（宽式）和拼音，并分析音节结构。
（10分，每题2分）（1）游（2）黄（3）瓮（4）窗（5）犬2.指出以下合成词的构成方式（如果是复合词请指出类型）。
（10分，每题1分）（1）尺寸（2）笔直（3）绿化（4）推广（5）美容（6）民主（7）慢慢（8）老乡（9）动员（10）笑嘻嘻3.指出下列词的词性（包括兼类词），并举例说明原因。
（10分，每题2分）（1）大家（2）西式（3）水灵（4）经过（5）角（ji③o）4.举例辨析下列词语的差异。
（10分，每题5分）（1）副词“千万”和“万万”（例如：千万不能大意/万万不能大意）（2）助词“前后”和“左右”（例如：开学前后/三岁左右）5.用层次分析法分析下列短语，结构上存在歧义的应分别分析。
第一阶段测试卷考试科目:《语言学概论》第一章至第三章第二节（总分100分）时间：90分钟学习中心（教学点）批次：层次：专业：学号：身份证号：姓名：得分：一、填空题（本题共16个空，每空1分，共16分）1.中国的传统语文学统称“小学”，包括文字、音韵和。
2._______、________、_______具有悠久的历史文化传统，是语言学的三大发源地。
3.在18世纪末19世纪初，印度传统与希腊-罗马传统相结合，形成了一个统一的印欧语研究传统，产生了____________语言学。
4.运用语言传递消息的过程，可以分为、发送、传递、接收和五个阶段。
5.语言的构造可以概括为以语音为形式，以________为内容，由_______和语法构成的系统。
6.语言符号是音和义的结合体，声音是语言符号的。
7.语言这种层级装置，运转靠的是___________关系和___________关系。
8. 性和性是语言符号的两大特点。
9. 一种语言中的句子数量是无限的，可构成句子的语言材料和是有限的，所以人类能够掌握语言。
10.音素可分元音和辅音两大类，其区别的根本点是发音时气流在口腔中。
二、判断题（本题共12小题，每题2分，共24分）1.个人来说，学话的过程实际上就是认识世界的过程，思维发展的过程。
（）2.当事物一旦成为他事物的符号，其本身价值就不复存在。
（）3.无产阶级和资产阶级之间没有共同语言，这说明语言是有阶级性的。
（）4.语言符号具有任意性特点，就是说我们平时说话用什么样的语音代表什么样的意义是自由的，不受任何约束。
（）5．拼音文字字母表音都按照“一个音对应一个字母，一个字母对应一个音”的原则。
（）6.国际音标中有些符号由两个字母组成。
（）7．语言是人类特有的，动物没有语言。
（）8．音素是从语音的社会属性角度划分出来的。
（）9.语言是文化信息的载体。
（）10.辅音发音时声带不振动。
（）11.现代社会，沟通的方式很多，语言的重要性日渐削弱。
2012年1月广东省英语教育-英语语言学真题(06422)2012年1月广东高等教育自学考试英语语言学问卷(06422) 150分钟I.Blank-fiiling (20%) 'Fill in the following blanks with a word, whose initial letter has been given.1 .If the linguistic study aims to lay down rules for "correct and standard" behavior in using language ,i.e. to tell people what they should say and what they should .not say ,it is said to be p ____________. .2.A d__________ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.3.According to Saussure，l________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.4.D_______ means that language can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.5.If we transcribe the speech sounds with letter-symbols only，we are adopting the b , transcription.6.A p________ is an abstract unit, not a particularsound，but it can be realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context.7.When pitch，stress and sound length are tired to the s_______ rather than the word in isolation, they are collectively known as intonation.8. The m________unit of meaning is traditionally called a morpheme.9. Inflectional morphemes are bound morphemes that are for the most part purelyG_______ markers，signifying such concepts as tense，number, case and so on.10.Phrases that are formed of more than one word usually contain three elements : head , specifier , and c _______ .11 .Concerning the study of meaning, the conceptualist view holds that there is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to, rather , in the interpretation of meaning they are linked through the mediation of c_____ in the mind.12.The sense relation between "sofa" and "furniture" is called h_______ .13.C_____ is generally considered as constituted by theknowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer . It is an essential notion to the pragmatic study of language. 14. Idiolect is a p____ dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations.15.APEC is an a___ derived from the initials of "Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation".16.According to Halliday ,”Language varies as it s f______ varies, it differs in different situations.”17.Sapir and Whorf ’ s studies show that the structure of the language people habitually use influences the ways they think and behave. This interdependence of language and t___ is known as Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis.18.While the first language is acquired s______ , the second or foreign language is more commonly learned consciously.19.Interlanguage refers to learners ’ i_____ system of the second language which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language.20.Learning strategies are learners’ conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning e______ ,II．Multiple choice (20%)Choose the best answer to the following items.21 .Who among the following linguists looks at language from a psychological point of view and consider language to be a property of the mind of each individual?A. N. ChomskyB. F. de SaussureC. Leonard BloomfieldD. M. A.K. Halliday22.If a linguist is interested in what is said, not what he thinks ought to be said，he adopts a study of language .A. descriptiveB. prescriptiveC. scientificD. diachronic23.Which of the following words ends with a velar voiceless stop?A. godB. boxC. cockD. dog24.Which of the following words contains a back, open and unrounded vowel?A. godB. bootC. walkD. park-25.Which of the following is a glottal sound?A. [h]B.[k]C.[g]D. [ŋ]26.Which of the following indicates an implied message in what is said?A. The fall-rise tone. B .The falling tone. C. The rising tone. D. The rise-fall tone.27.The underlined morphemes in the following are all inflectional morphemes EXCEPT .A. tablesB. soonerC. painter’ sD. painter28 The sentence “We need more intelligent leaders.” is ambiguous, because the sentence may have different .A .deep structures B. surface structures , C. linear orders D. morphological structures .29.The pair of words "charge and rebuke is called .A. dialectal synonymsB. stylistic synonymsC. collocational synonymsD. semantically different synonyms30.The sense relation for the pair of words "above" and "below" is .A. synonymsB. hyponymyC. antonymyD. homonymy3l. X : John’ s bike needs repairing.Y : John has a bike.The sense relation between the above sentence is .A.X is synonymous with YB.X is consistent with YC.X presupposes YD.X entails Y32.The sentence "Yesterday Nancy lost her purse in the street ." may be analyzed as a case of ________ predication.A one-place B. two-place C. three-place D. no-place33.According to Searles ’ s classification of speech acts, which of the following is an instance representative? A. I fired you! B.I’m so sorry for the mess I have made.C. Your money or your life!D.I have never seen the man before.34.Change in negation rule belongs to change.A. soundB. morphologicalC. syntacticD. semantic35.A.Shall we get something for the kids?B: Yes .but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.,Speaker B obviously violates the maxim of .A. quantityB. qualityC. relationD. manner36.Which of the following words is formed by means of blending? ,A. smogB.UNESCOC. baby-sit D .disco37.According to Halliday, tenor of discourse refers the of communication.A. subjectB. participantsC. situationD. means38.Conceming the behaviorist view of language acquisition, which of the following statements is NOT true?A. Language is taken as a set of behaviors.B. Language learning is a matter of imitation.C. Reinforcement is especially important for forming correct linguistic behavior.D. Behaviorism can better explain how children acquire complex language system.39.Instances of mother tongue interference can be found at the level of .A. pronunciationB. vocabularyC. syntaxD. pronunciation, vocabulary and syntax40. Strategies involved in analyzing, synthesis, and internalizing what has been learned belong to strategies.A. cognitiveB. metacognitiveC. socialD. communicativeIII. True or false judgement. (20%)Judge whether the following statements are true or false, write T for a true statement and F for a false one.41 .According to Saussure, what linguists should do is to abstract langue from parole, i. e. , to discover the regularities governing the actual use of language.42. Language is arbitrary in the sense that we can use words freely without the confinement of time and space.43. Inviting, suggesting, requesting, advising, warning, threatening, ordering are all specific instances of commissives .44. The surface structure and the deep structure of acertain sentence look the same when transformations are not necessary.45.Wh-movement can apply not only to wh-questions but also to relative clauses.46.In communication it will never be the case that what is grammatical is not acceptable, and what is ungrammatical may not be inappropriate.47.If the conversational participants do not strictly observe the four maxims of the Cooperative Principle, it is impossible for the conversation to go on.48.The same word may stir up different associations in people under different cultural speech comprehension.49.If a child is derived of linguistic environment , he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on.50.The interlingual errors mainly result from faulty or partial learning of the target language, independent of the native language.IV. Explain the following notions briefly (25%)51 .What does "productivity" mean as one of the design features of human language?52. Illustrate assimilation rule53. Illustrate predication analysis with an example.54.What situation does bilingualism refer to?55. Explain Input Hypothesis by Krashen.V. Essay question ( 15%)56.Illustrate with examples how "sense” and "reference" differ from each other in lexical semantics. And howare they related to each other?部分参考答案（非官方答案，但大部分正确）：1. prescriptive2. diachronic3. langue4. Displacement5. broad6. phoneme7. sentence8. minimal9.grammatical 10. complement11.concepts 12. hyponymy 13. Context 14. personal 15. acronym16. function 17. thought 18. subconsciously 19. independent 20. efficiency21. A 22.A 23.C 24.D 25. A 26. D 27. D 28.D 29. C 30.C31. C 32.B 33.D 34. C 35.D 36. A 37.D 38.D 39.D 40.A41.T 42.F 43. F 44.T 45.T 46. F 47. F 48.F 49. T 50.F51. language is productive and creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users.52. The “assimilation rule” assimilates one segment to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones more similar.53. The predication analysis, proposed by Leech, is a way to analyze the sentence meaning. A sentence, composedof a subject and predicate, is a basic unit for grammatical relation. The basic unit for meaning analysis is called predication, which is the abstraction of the meaning of a sentence.For example: It is hot.(no-place predication): (BE HOT) Children like sweets.( two-place predication) CHILDREN, SWEET(LIKE)John is ill. (one-place predication) : JOHN(BE ILL) 54. It has been observed that in some speech communities, two languages are used side by side with each having a different role to play; and language switching occurs when the situation changes. This constitutes the situation of bilingualism.55. Krashen assumed that there were two independent means or routes of SL learning: acquisition and learning.56. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form. It is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form; it is abstract and decontextualized .For example: the word “dog”is given the definition “a domesticated canine mammal ,occurring in many breeds that show a great variety in size an form.”Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in the real, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience. For example, if we say “The dog is sparking”, we must be talking about a certain dog existent in the situation; the word “dog” refers to a dog known to both the speaker and the hearer. This is the reference of the w ord “dog” in this particular situation. Relationship: Sense and reference are interdependent, because one would not normally know the one without having at least some knowledge of the other.。
