2019届上海市建平中学高三4月质量检测英语试题Word版含解析

2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三下学期英语试卷I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Stanford Earth professor Jon Payne puts modern extinctions in context (21)_________ comparing them with Earth's five previous mass extinctions."We've found that extinction threat in the modern oceans is very strongly associated with larger body size," said Jonathan Payne, at Stanford's School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences. "This is most likely due to people (22)_________(target) larger species for consumption first."In a new study, (23)_________ (publish) in the Sept. 16 issue of the journal Science, Payne and his colleagues examined the association between extinction threat level and ecological traits (24)_________ _________ body size for two major groups of marine animals -- mollusks and vertebrates -- over the past 500 years and compared it with the ancient past,(25)________(stretch) as far back as 445 million years ago and with a particular emphasis on the most recent 66 million years."We used the fossil record to show, in a concrete, convincing way, that (26) _________ is happening in the modern oceans is really different from what has happened in the past," said study co-author Noel Heim, a postdoctoral researcher in Payne's lab.Specifically, the authors found that the modern era is unique in the extent (27)_________ creatures with larger body sizes are being preferentially targeted for extinction. "What our analysis shows is that for every factor of 10 increase in body mass, the odds of (28)_________(threaten) by extinction go up by a factor of 13 or so," Payne said. "The bigger you are, (29)_________(likely) you are to be facingextinction."The selective extinction of large-bodied animals (30)_________have serious consequences for the health of marine ecosystems, the scientists say, because they tend to be at the tops of food webs and their movements through the water column and the seafloor help cycle nutrients through the oceans.【答案】21. by 22. targeting 23. published 24. such as 25. stretching26. what 27. because 28. being threatened 29. more likely 30. may【重难点词汇和短语解析】1. Mass extinction - n. 大规模灭绝，大量消亡2. Be associated with - prep. 与...联系起来，与...有关3. Consumption - n. 消费，消耗，吃，喝4. Ecological trait - n. 生态属性/特性5. Marine - adj. 海洋的，海运的6. Mollusk - n. 无脊椎动物7. Vertebrate - n. 脊椎动物8. Fossil - n. 化石9. Concrete - adj. 具体的，实物的10. Postdoctoral - adj. 博士后的11. In the extent - prep. 在...程度上12. Preferentially - adv. 优先地，优惠地13. Body mass - n. 体质量14. Odds - n. 几率，胜算，可能性15. Selective - adj. 选择的16. Ecosystem - n. 生态系统17. Food webs - n. 食物网络18. Column - n. 柱状物，专栏【试题解析】21题考查状从中介词的搭配，这里空格后面是动名词comparing，前面put 发出一个动作，因此是方式状语，“通过比较...和...”，因此填by.22题考查括号中动词的正确形式，主语是people，此处表示主动应该填现在分词，而本句的时态是一般现在时，因此填targeting.23题考查定语从句，主语是a new study，publish作后置定语，加之后面有过去的时间限制，因此填published表示过去完成。

【题文】Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Great Speakers: Why Their Words Resonate (产生共鸣)This year will mark 55 years since M artin Luther King, Jr. delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech, one that put him among the greatest speakers in history.What gave “I Have a Dream” and other historic speeches ---such as Abraham Lincoln's “Gettysburg Address”and Winston Churchill's “We Shall Fight on the Beaches” ---such power that they are still distinctly remembered today?Certainly, it demands perfect delivery. If J.F.Kennedy had gotten up there and mumbled (含糊地说) through his address, we probably wouldn't remember that he said, “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” But there are more to a great speech.A great speech seizes the historical moment. Franklin D. Roosevelt's classic line --- “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself” --- was delivered during his speech in 1933 at the worst point of the Great Depression. It inspired Americans to regain a sense of confidence and hope, Gerard Ha user, professor of communication at the University of Colorado, says, “A great speech resonates with problems that people are feeling and the expectations they have with respect to those problems.”A great speech has a memorable tag line. The trick is to deliver a phrase the audience can start repeating, which allows the speaker to pause, and the audience to repeat louder. U.S. President Barack Obama is excellent at this. “When the audience is cheering, he pauses, and then continues to speak, and they cheer louder, so it builds to a kind of peak’’ Hauser says.A great speech reminds listeners of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history. Ronald Reagan was considered a master at this. His speech in 1980, as he accepted the presidential nomin ation, brought the audience back to America's first days. “Three hundred and sixty years ago, in 1620, a group of families dared to cross a mighty ocean to build a future for themselves in a new world,” he said, linking past to future with his appeal for “a new compact (契约) with America.’’【答案】Many excellent speakers such as Martin Luther King, Abraham Lincoln are known for their prominent speech, because their speech can resonate. First, great speeches involve perfect dеlіvеrу and grab the historical momen t. Also, a great speech has a memorable tag line. Moreover, a. great speech possesses a memorable tag line. Finally, great speeches remind audience of great moments of the past, linking the speaker with history.【解析】【详解】本文属于一篇结构清晰的说明文。

建平中学2019届高三英语期中测试2018.11第I卷（共100分）Ⅰ. Listening (略)II. Grammar & vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Last year, a report by a committee of education experts said that a lot of American students cannot write well. The report noted the concerns of business leaders and teachers. The experts said that more students should have to pass a writing test (21) they can finish high school. They pointed out that major college entrance tests are changing now (22) (include) a writing part.Educators know that teaching students to write well is not easy. One problem is the amount of time needed to read through large amounts of work. So some companies (23)（develop）computer programs that can grade student writing much more quickly than a person can. Writing tests can also cost (24) (little) to carry out by computer than paper-and-pencil. These computer systems ,known as e-readers, use artificial (人工的) intelligence to think in a way(25) teachers. For two years, both a computer and humans graded the student writing. Officials say there was almost no difference between the computer grades and (26)given by the human readers.The entrance test commonly (27)(use) by business schools, the GMAT, already uses e-readers. The GRE and TOEFL tests might start; officials are deciding.Systems (28)(use) to grade writing in college classes as well. The computers read a few hundred examples of student writing already graded by humans. Then the systems compare new writings against those already examined.Some teachers say machines can never do the job as well as people can. A computer can find spelling and grammar mistakes. But these teachers say it can never really understand (29)a writer is trying to say. Critics say a program cannot follow a thought or judge humor or understand a beautifully expressed idea.But inventors of the programs say computer grading guarantees that each piece of writing is graded in the same way. They also say the systems (30) (mean) to judge knowledge more than creativity.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word choose from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that is one word than you need.A.controlledB. unconsciouslyC. flowedD. yieldsE. typicalF. accumulatedG.peculiar H. properties I. pyramid J. distinct K. logicalBotany, the study of plants, occupies a(an) 31.__________ position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of pre-industrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must extremely ancient. This is 32.__________ . Plants are the basis of the food 33.__________ for all living things, even for other plants. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, eyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognized accurately hundreds of plants and know many 34.__________ of each. To them, botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of knowledge at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less 35.__________ our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes 36.__________ on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer 37.__________ the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them 38.__________ the marvel of agriculture; cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the 39.__________ production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the 40.__________ knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and close relationship with plants in the wild would begin fade away.II . ReadingSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Scientists in Norway have more good news for coffee drinkers. Researchers have already found evidence that the drink or the beans can help with weight loss, (41) one’s risk of developing s ome disease, promote muscle growth, protect against certain types of cancers, and can even reduce one’s risk of premature death, among many other (42).Now comes word that a cup of (43) reduces physical pain.The surprising finding is (44) a study involving 48 volunteers who agreed to spend 90 minutes performing fake computer tasks meant to finish office work. The tasks were known to (45) pain in the shoulders, neck, forearms and wrists. The researchers wanted to (46)how people with pain and those who were pain-free tolerated the tasks. As a matter of convenience, the scientists allowed people to drink coffee before taking the test “to avoid (47) effects of caffeine deprivation, e.g. decreased vigor and alertness, sleepiness, and fatigue,” they reported.But when it came time to analyze the da ta, the researchers from Norway’s National Institute of Occupational Health and Oslo University Hospital noticed that the 19 people who drank coffee reported a lower (48) of pain than the 29 people who didn’t. In the shoulders and neck, (49) , the average pain was rated 41 (on a 100-point scale) among the coffee drinkers and 55 for the no coffee drinkers. Similar gaps were found for all pain sites measured, and coffee's apparent pain-reduction effect (50).The authors of the study, which was published this week in the journal BMC Research Notes, warn that the results of the study come with many (51). For starters, the researchers don’t know how much coffee the coffee-drinkers drank before taking the computer tests. (52) , they doubt that the coffee drinkers and abstainers were (53) in all respects except for their coffee consumption. Problems like these tend to (54) the importance of the findings. But those doubt are (55) to trouble the coffee drinkers looking for any reason not to cut back on their daily caffeine habit.41.A. takeB. reduceC. increaseD. face4 2. A. profits B. advises C. benefits D.promotions43.A. milkB. waterC. cokeD. coffee4 4. A. based on B. fond of C.different from D.qualifiedfor45.A. causeB. endureC. easeD. relieve46.A. warnB. compareC. cureD. treat47.A. unpleasantB. modestC. significantD. positive4 8. A. tendency B. intention C. intensity D.extension4 9. A. on the contrary B. as a result C. for instance D. in oneword50.A. turned upB. took upC. put upD. gave up5 1. A. satisfaction B. uncertainties C. consequences D.qualifications5 2. A. Moreover B. However C. Otherwise D.Nevertheless5 A. contemporary B. similar C. different D. initial3.54.A. realizeB. attachC. demonstrateD. weaken5 5. A. unlikely B. sensible C. jealous D.miserableSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Everyone gathered around and Paddy read out loud, slowly, his tone growing sadder and sadder. The little headline said: BOXER RECEIVES LIFF SENTENCE.Frank Cleary, aged 26, professional boxer, was today found guilty of the murder of Albert Gumming, aged 32, laborer, last July. The jury reached its decision after only ten minutes, recommending the most severe punishment to the court. It was, said the Judge, a simple case. Cumming and Cleary had quarreled violently at the Harbour Hotel on July 23rd and police saw Cleary kicking at the head of the unconscious Gumming. When arrested, Cleary was drunk but clear-thinking．Cleary was sentenced to life imprisonment with hard labour. Asked if he had anything to say, Cleary answered, "Just don’t tell my mother."" It happened over three years ago," Paddy said helplessly. No one answered him or moved, for no one knew what to do. "Just don’t tell my mother," said Fee numbly. "And no one did! Oh, God! My poor, poor Frank!"Paddy wiped the tears from his face and said. "Fee, pack your things. We’ll go to see him."She half-rose before sinking back, her eyes in her small white face stared as if dead. "I can’t go," she said without a hint of pain, yet making everyone feel that the pain was there. "It would kill him to see me. I know him so well—his pride, his ambition. Let him bear the shame alone, it’s what he wants. We’ve got to help him keep his secr et. What good will it do him to see us?"Paddy was still weeping, not for Frank, but for the life which had gone from Fee’s face, for the dying in her eyes. Frank had always brought bitterness and misfortune, always stood between Fee and himself. He was the cause of her withdrawal from his heart and the hearts of his children. Every time it looked as if there might be happiness for Fee, Frank look it away. But Paddy’s love for her was as deep and impossible to wipe out as hers was for Frank.So he said, "We ll, Fee, we won’t go. But we must make sure he is taken care of. How about if I write to Father Jones and ask him to look out for Frank?"There was no excitement in the eyes, but a faint pink stole into her cheeks." Yes, Paddy, do that. Only make sure he k nows not to tell Frank we found out. Perhaps it would ease Frank to think for certain that we don’t know."56. Paddy cried because he thought ______．A．Frank did kill someone and deserved the punishmentB．Frank should have told Fee what had happenedC．what had happened to Frank was killing FeeD．Frank had always been a man of bad moral character57. The underlined sentence "She half-rose before sinking back…" in Paragraph 6 shows that .A．Fee was so heart-broken that she could hardly stand upB．Fee didn’t want to upset Paddy by visiting FrankC．Fee couldn’t leave her family to go to see FrankD．Fee struggled between wanting to see Frank and respecting his wish58. What can be inferred from the passage?A. The jury and the judge agreed on the Boxer’s Sentenc e of Life Imprisonment.B. The police found Gumming unconscious, heavily struck by Frank.C. The family didn’t find out what had happened to Frank until 3 years later.D. Frank didn’t want his family to know the sentence to him, most probably out of his pr ide.59. What is Frank and Paddy’s probable relationship with Fee?A. Frank is Fee’s son and Paddy is Fee’s brother.B. Frank is Fee’s son and Paddy is Fee’s husband.C. Frank is Fee’s brother and Paddy is Fee’s lover.D. Frank is Fee’s lover and Paddy is Fee’s husband.(B)Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre and Exhibition TourOverviewShakespeare's Globe Exhibition is the world's largest exhibition devoted to Shakespeare. Located beneath the reconstructed Globe Theatre on London's Bankside, the exhibition explores the remarkable story of the Globe, and brings Shakespeare's world to life using a range of interactive displays and live demonstrations.Highlights●Tour the reconstructed Globe Theatre and see how plays were staged in Shakespeare's day●All-day access to the interactive Globe Exhibition●Actors, recordings and interactive displays bring Shakespeare's world to lifeScheduleApril 23 to October 99:00am to 5:00pm. On Monday, tours run all day. Tuesday to Saturday, last tour departs at 12:30pm and at 11:30am on Sunday due to performances taking place on these days.October 10 to March 3110:00am to 5:00pm.Important noteRehearsals will also take place throughout the Theatre Season. Please note that access to the Globe Theatre may be restricted and there may be occasions when the Globe tours are unable to run. When the Globe tours are not available, Rose or Bankside tours can be offered instead.Additional info●Inclusions: Entrance fee and all day access to ExhibitionGuided tour of Shakespeare's Globe Theatre (maximum 50 people)●Exclusions: Hotel pickup and drop offFood and drinks, unless specifiedPricingClick the link below to check pricing & availability on your preferred travel date. Our pricing is constantly updated to ensure you always receive the lowest price possible --- we 100% guarantee it.VIEW PRICING AND AVAILABILITY60. The passage can be found ___________.A. in a newspaperB. in a magazineC. on the InternetD. in a guidebook61. In this Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre Tour, we can _________.A. visit the original Globe TheatreB. enjoy a British afternoon tea for freeC. experience Shakespeare’s world in an interactive wayD. visit the exhibition in the Globe Theatre62. What is true about the tour according to the passage?A. Rehearsals may affect the tour.B. The pricing remains the same.C. Performances take place throughout the year.D. The opening hours are the same in May and in November.(C)The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detail ed web of its users’ friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, itis very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spamm ers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．63. According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its____ .A . digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service64. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may____ .A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission65. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because____ .A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers66. The author use the metaphor of the ants in the last paragraph to illustrate____ .A. a win-win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants ’customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.You might wonder what one conscious portion of rice could do for your whole body.B.Americans are lucky to be exposed to lower levels of arsenic.C.This poisonous element is in a wide range of food---including fruits, vegetables and grains.D.Until more studies are done, curb your consumption of arsenic.E.Brown rice appears to be the most effective whole grain for the healthy growth of human beings, but its darker color can easily absorb too much arsenic.F.Brown rice tends to have more arsenic because the metal concentrates in the outer layers, which are burnished off in white rice.We Americans ingest an average of 25 pounds of rice a year---and a portion of that comes from drinking beer. Yes, rice is a sample in our diet. But is it a safe one ? Consumer Reports recently found “troubling” levels of inorganic arsenic, a known human carcinogen (a substance which can cause cancer), in almost every rice-containing food it tested. ________67________. But rice takes up arsenic from soil and water more readily than other grains do.Health-conscious consumes rely on brown rice, which has even more arsenic. In the Consumer Reports test, a quarter cup of uncooked white rice had from 4 to 10 micrograms. Why the difference? ________68________.What about rice cakes? They contained from 2 to 8 micrograms per serving, while hot and ready-to-eat rice cereals had 2 to 7 micrograms. These levels are at least five times higher than those found in other cereals, such as oatmeal.Studies show that people exposed to large amounts of arsenic for many years are more likely to die of cancer. In Bangladesh, people who drank tap water that contained 50 to 149 micrograms of arsenic per liter for 20 or 30 years, for example, were 44 percent more likely to die of cancer. ________69________ (The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency limits the total amount of arsenic in drinking water to 10 micrograms per liter.) But our total risk is unclear. There isn’t enough data to set a limit on inorganic arsenic in food, says the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Science.The Bottom Line. ________70________ Consumer Reports recommends that adults eat no more than 11to 22cups of cooked (brown or white) rice a week. And here is a way to lessen risk: Rinse your rice, cook it in six parts water to one part rice until it reaches eating texture, and then pour off the extra water. This can remove about half the arsenic. IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.The benefits of having a higher education are manifold（多样的）and range from financial to cultural and from common benefits to some unexpected surprises, below you will find a number of reasons which will help to serve as justification for a higher education.For many high school students, it is hard to imagine what the long term benefits of a college education might be. College is demanding; the work seems challenging, and meeting all new people seems overwhelming. However, what most young people do not realize is that there is a high likelihood at college that you will find new friends with similar interests and values, You may find yourself developing new interests by getting along with those who have completely different life experiences. As opportunity to get to know your professors can also be counted one of the benefits of having a college education. These intellectuals can be counted on to welcome questions and discussion from students. Therefore, one of the key benefits of a college education is the social bonds created and developed during this unique time in a person’s life.Besides, the fact that you’ll be building a career for the rest of your life is reason enough to make time for a college education. Indeed, a clear benefit of a college education is that not only will it give you time to better know your likes and dislikes before entering the labor force, it will also enhance the likelihood of a more successful career for you. Many young people are uncertain about a career path at the start of college. This is a time of exploration, and taking the time to explore a variety of college majors is time well spent.One more justification for higher education could be that its best way to enhance yourself in an all-round way. Getting a good education may be the most important price you can pay for your personal advancement, because perhaps more than anything else, what you do with that huge gray material between your ears will determine your future. You never know where your talent could reach. So higher education can provide you can with the chance to realize your personal value.Therefore never undervalue the benefits of entering a higher education, which surely will bring you something beyond expectation.第II卷（共100分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.他排了好几个小时的队才买到这个新出的iPhone。

2019-2020学年上海市建平世纪中学高三英语第四次联考试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AA Lifelong Devotion to Keeping People FedYuan Longping is a Chinese agricultural scientist and educator, known for developing the hybrid rice varieties.Yuan graduated from the Southwest Agriculture Institute in 1953 andbegan his teaching career at an agriculture school.In the 1960s, when a serious food shortage sweptChina, Yuan decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the yields of rice. He then began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan succeeded in growing the world’s first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per mu (about 0.067 hectares), rising from the previous yield of only 300 kg per mu. For the next four decades, he continued to work on research and development of hybrid rice, achieving increasingly higher outputs. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by Yuan’s team achieved 1,500 kilograms per mu in two growing seasons, a new world record.InChina, where rice is the main food for the majority of the 1.4 billion people, the planting area of hybrid rice has reached 16 million hectares, or 57 % of the total planting area of rice, helping feed an extra 80 million people a year.Hybrid rice has also been grown in over 40 countries, including theU.S.,Brazil,India,Vietnam, thePhilippinesandMadagascar. The total planting area of the hybrid rice has reached 8 million hectares overseas.Even after a great success, Yuan never held himself back from making new breakthroughs. In 2017, his team started to grow seawater rice inQingdao. The rice was designed to grow in saline-alkaline land and survive even after being completely in seawater. His team planned to develop a type of seawater rice that could be planted in 6.67 million hectares of saline-alkaline land acrossChinato boost the country’s rice harvest by about 20 %. In 2018, Yuan’s team was invited to plant the saline-alkaline tolerant rice in experimental fields inDubai, which achieved huge success. In June 2020, his team started to grow seawater rice on a farm at an altitude of 2,800 meters in northwestChina’sQinghaiProvince. The experiment succeeded.Yuan had two dreams — to “enjoy the cool under the rice crops taller than men” and that hybrid rice couldbe grown all over the world to help solve the global food shortage.1. What made Yuan Longping decide to study rice?A. A serious food shortage.B. Agriculture development.C. His interest in the rice experiment.D. His wish to plant the tallest rice in the world.2. From the passage, we know that Yuan Longping ________.A. developed a variety of hybrid riceB. worked as a scientist after graduationC. started to grow seawater rice inDubaiin 2017D. grew the first high-yielding hybrid rice varieties in 19533. We can infer from the passage that Yuan Longping’s most outstanding qualities are________.A. modest and outgoingB. honest and creativeC. generous and optimisticD. responsible and devotedBGlobal food demand will double by 2050, according to a new projection, and the farming techniques used to meet that unprecedented(空前的) demand will significantly determine how severe the impact is on the environment, researchers said.The study researchers warned that meeting the demand for food would clear more land, increase nitrogen(氮) use and significantly add to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.“Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by2050 if current trends in global food production continue,” study researcher David Tilman, of theUniversityofMinnesota, said in a statement. “This would be a major problem, since global agriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.”The researchers studied various ways in which the increasing food demand could be mentioned. They found that the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach would be for more food producers to adopt the nitrogen-efficient “intensive” farming method, which involves the heavy use of labor and the production of more crops per acre.This approach was shown to be more effective than the “extensive” farming currently practiced by many poor nations, a method that includes clearing more new land to produce more food.Different farming methods produce significantly different yields, the researchers found — in 2005, the crop yields for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than what the poorest nations produced.According to their analysis of the effects of extensive farming, if poorer nations continue using this method,by 2050theywill have cleared an area larger than theUnited States, about 2.5 billion acres. However, if wealthy nations help poorer nations to improve food yields by incorporating(吸收) intensive farming practices, that number could be reduced to half a billion acres.The researchers stress that the environmental effects of meeting future food demand depend on how global agriculture expands and develops.“Our analyses show that we cansave most of the Earth’s remaining ecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves,” Tilman said.4. What is the best title of this passage?A. The World Will Need Double Food by 2050B. Man Will Face the Risk of Lacking Food in the FutureC. Future Farmers Hold Environment’s Fate in Their HandsD. Different Farming Methods Produce Significantly Different Yields5. The character of the extensive farming is ________.A. very cost-effectiveB. to produce more crops per acreC. at cost of more new land to produce more foodD. very environmentally friendly6. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. poorer nations mainly use the intensive farmingB. wealthy nations mainly use the extensive farmingC. the intensive farming needs less food producersD. the extensive farming has a worse effect on ecosystems7. According to the passage, the underlined word “they” in the 7th paragraph refers to “________”.A. poorer nationsB. the effects of extensive farmingC. wealthy nationsD.future food demandCWhy doesHaitiso tend to have fatal earthquakes? Earthquakes have been causing huge damage inHaitisince at least the 18th century. The capital city has been destroyed twice in 19 years. The 21st century has beenno morekind.The Earth’s outer shell is made tip of tectonic plates (构造板块) that move.Haitisits near the crossing of two tectonic plaits that make up the Earth’s outer shell. Earthquakes can occur when those plates move against each other and create friction (摩擦力).Haitiis also overpopulated. Plus, many of its buildings are designed to resist hurricanes but not earthquakes. Those buildings can survive strong winds bat are easy to fail down when the ground shrikes. Poor building practices can also play arole.“I think it’s important to recognize that there’s no such thing as a natural disaster,” said Wendy Bohon, a geologist. “What you have is a natural disaster that comes with a weak architecture system. We do know that earthquakes like this can cause huge damage because ofthefault,” said Wendy. “And it’s quite a significant risk in places that don’t have the construction practices to resist the shaking.”Construction of more earthquake-resistant buildings remains a challenge inHaiti, which is the poorest nation in theWestern Hemisphere. “While there have been some success stories of Haitians building more earthquake-resistant structures, the country has lacked a centralized effort to do so,” said Mark Schuller, a professor of anthropology and nonprofit and NGO studies atNorthernIllinoisUniversity.Haiti’s government has become increasingly weak, while non-governmental organizations only focus on their own projects.“There is technical knowledge inHaiti, There are trained architects. There are cityplanners. That’s not the problem,” Schuller said. “The problem is a lack of funding for coordination (协调), and lack of political will from donors to organizations providing aid.”8. Which factor causing the huge damage is highlighted?A. Its overpopulation.B. Its weak government.C. Its geographical location.D. Its weak architecture system.9. What does the underlined part “the fault” in paragraph 4 refer to?A Lacking political will to provide aid.B. Lacking hurricane-resistant; buildings.C. Lacking earthquake-resistant buildings.D. Sitting on the crossing of two tectonic plates.10. What’s Schuller’s attitude towardsHaiti’s government?A Supportive. B. Critical.C. Indifferent.D. Interested.11. Which of the following can be a problem according tothe last paragraph?A. Fund and will.B. Skilled architects.C. Urban designers.D. Technology and money.DThe world's largest iceberg is floating toward South Georgia in the southernAtlantic Ocean. Scientists fear the iceberg could crash into the island and block major feeding areas for a large population of penguins and seals. If the iceberg hits the island, it could prevent the penguins and seals from reaching food supplies.The huge iceberg is named A68a. It broke away fromAntarctica's Larsen C Ice Shelf in 2017. Satellite images show the iceberg has remained in one piece. It is estimated to be about 150 kilometers long and 48 kilometers wide. It is traveling at one kilometer per hour and is on a path to hitSouth Georgiain around 30 days.This is the time of year when seals and penguins spend a lot of time caring for their young. The distance that parents have to travel to find food is crucial. That means they have to go a lot further or go around the iceberg to find sources of food.Ecologists say an iceberg crash would also disturb materials settled on the seabed, possibly polluting the surrounding seas. As the iceberg melts, it would also release large amounts of fresh water into the ocean. This could affect krill（磷虾）populations that are a major source of food for the island's wildlife. The iceberg could remain for up to 10 years and change the area's whole ecosystem. These are globally significant populations of these species. If these species fail in this particular area, then the numbers globally are going to go down quite dramatically.Professor Geraint Tarling, an ecologist at the British Antarctic Survey, said, "The breaking off of icebergs fromAntarcticais a natural process. But the process is changing with climate change. What we're seeing with models and some observations now is that this is happening at an increasing rate. And so, this might become more of a usual thing in the future."12. Why are the scientists worried about the coming iceberg crash?A. It will bring extremely cold weather.B. It will destroy the feeding areas of the animals.C. It will put wildlife on the island at risk of starving.D. It will prevent animals from moving to other places.13. What is paragraph 2 mainly about?A. The characteristic of the iceberg.B. The importance of the iceberg.C. The traveling speed of the iceberg.D. The forming process of the iceberg.14. What damage can an iceberg crash bring according to paragraph 4?A. Using up much fresh water.B. Polluting the surrounding farms.C. Changing the world's ecosystem.D. Affecting the number of certain species.15. How does Tarling think of the breaking off of icebergs fromAntarctica?A. It may slow down in the near future.B. It may become common in the future.C. It has a great influence on the climate.D. It helps scientists conduct a sea study.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语下学期期中考试试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AWhen the sun shines brightly, it provides a great chance to get outdoor things done. Like making hay! At least, that is what farmers from the past would say. ―Make hay while the sun shines.This idiom is very old, dating back to Medieval times. Rain would often ruin the process of making hay. So, farmers had no choice but to make hay when the sun was shining.Today, we all use this expression, not just farmers. When conditions are perfect to get something done, we can say, ―It’s a good idea to make hay while the sun shines.In other words, you are taking advantage of a good situation or of good conditions. You are making the most of your opportunities. These all mean ―making hay while the sun shines.And sometimes we use this expression to mean we beat someone to the punch, or we got ahead of someone else. And other times you make hay while the sun shines to make good use of the chance to do something while it lasts. You are being opportunistic – taking advantage of a good opportunity. For example, my friend Ozzy was sick for a week and could not go to work. So, his co-worker Sarah -- who doesn’t like him -- took advantage of his illness and stole his project! Talk about making hay while the sun shines.Sometimes when you make hay while the sun shines you are staying ahead of a problem – like in this example:Hey, do you want to go hiking with me and my friends this weekend? The weather is going to be beautiful! I wish I could. But I have to finish my taxes. It’s the last weekend before they’re due.Oh, that’s too bad.Wait. What about your taxes?My taxes are done. I was off from work a couple of weeks ago and made hay while the sun shined. I got all of it done!I wish I would have taken advantage of my time off last week___1___All I did was lay around thehouse.And that’s all the time we have for these Words and Their Stories. But join us again next week. You can listen while you’re making dinner or riding to work. Yeah, make hay while the sun shines.1.Which of the following best matches ―make hay whilethe sun shines in paragraph 2?A.Sow nothing, reap nothing.B.Sharp tools make good work.C.Strike while the iron is hot.D.One swallow doesn’t make a summer.2.According to the underlined sentence, what feeling does the speaker express?A.AdmirableB.RegretfulC.AnnoyedD.Indifferent3.Where is the passage probably taken from?A.A radio programB.A magazineC.A brochureD.A novelBWe interviewed two people, one who went from the country to the city and one who did the opposite.Janet Lincoln is a salesgirl who moved to St. Louisfive years ago. Here’s what Janet told us:“Five years ago I used to live in a small town called Lemon Falls. I grew up and went to high school there. After I graduated I worked in a supermarket. Lemon Falls had a population of about 800 people, and I knew every single one of them. They all knew everything about me, too. You couldn’t do anything without everyone in town knowing about it. The first chance I got I moved to St. Louis and I love it. I don’t know as many people now as I used to, but that’s OK. I have a few good friends, and I see them when I want to. I kind of like beinganonymous. I’d never go back to Lemon Falls.”Troy Henson had the opposite experience. He and his wife, Darla, and their two children moved from St. Louis to Bloomfield three years ago. Here’s what Troy told us:“The best thing we ever did was get out of St. Louis. Don’t get me wrong; St. Louis is as good a place as any other city, I suppose — if you like cities, that is. We don’t. Both Darla and I grew up in St. Louis. We met at college and got married. Then the kids came along and life got difficult. We didn’t know any of our neighbors. We both had good jobs, but it always seemed like there was never enough money. That all changed when we moved to Bloomfield. I don’t make as much money as I used to, but then we don’t have as many expenses as we did. We know our neighbors. Life is good. We’d never leave Bloomfield.”4. What troubled Janet when she was in Lemon Falls?A. She had no friends.B. There was no privacy.C. There was a lot of competition.D. She couldn’t find a well-paid job.5. What does the underlined word “anonymous” in Paragraph 3 mean?A. Alone.B. Prepared.C. Sociable.D. Unknown.6. Different from Janet, Troy ________.A. prefers country lifeB. moved to a bigger cityC. grew up in a smaller townD. knows little about his new neighbors7. What is Troy’s opinion on living in Bloomfield?A. It is a little boring.B. It is quite comfortable.C. It costs a lot of money.D. It creates a safe environment.CAn anti-obesity program for Australian girls didn’t lead to any improvements in their diet, physical activities or body weight a year later, according to a new report.Findings from the school-based intervention (介入), which involved exercise sessions and nutrition workshops for lower-income girls, are the latest disappointment in a lot of research attempting tohead offadult obesity and the disease risks that come with it.Especially during the middle-and high-school years, girls’ physical activity reduces obviously, according to lead researcher David Lubans, from theUniversityofNewcastleinNew South Wales,Australia. He said, “In the future we need to make the programs more interesting and exciting and present information in a way that is meaningful to adolescent girl.”Lubans and his workmates conducted their study in 12 schools in low-income areas ofNew South Wales. At the start of the study, girls in both groups weighed an average of close to 130pounds, with about four in ten considered overweight. Over the next year, adolescents in the intervention group were given pedometers (计步器) to encourage walking and running and invited to nutrition workshops and regular exercise sessions during the schoolday and at lunchtime. Participation in some of those activities were less than ideal. For example, the girls went to only one-quarter of lunchtime exercise sessions, and less than one in ten completed at-home physical activity or nutrition challenges, the researchers reported. At the end of the year, girls in both groups had gained a similar amount of weight and there was no difference in their average body fat.Preventive medicine researcher Robert Klesges said that although some anti-obesity programs have helped adults lose weight, the teen population has always been a source of failure for researchers. “The common belief is: nothing works,” he said. “And we have got to get beyond that.”“We need to think outside the box,” said Klesges, who wasn’t involved in the new study. “That could include learning from what has worked in adult studies, such as giving meal replacement drinks or prepared foods toteens who have trouble making changes to their diet. Or, it could mean using a “step-care” method — rather than researchers or their doctor telling them to keep doing the same thing.” Klesges said.8. The underlined words “head off” in Paragraph 2 can best be replaced by “________”.A. damageB. defendC. preventD. affect9. The methods used in the program to stop obesity don’t include ________.A. walking and runningB. inviting them to nutrition workshopsC. joining exercise sessions regularlyD. giving meal replacement drinks10. The main reason for the failure of the anti-obesity program is probably that ________.A. the participants didn’t take an active part in itB. the program was not interesting and exciting to participantsC. the participants didn’t get extra nutrition or exercise helpD. the program didn’t pay attention to healthy exercise11. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. As researchers, it is important to have creative research methods.B. Researchers need to give meals or prepare foods to participants.C. Teen girls have no difficulty in making changes to their diet.D. Some ant-obesity programs have not helped adults lose weight.DTyphoons can be deadly — in 2013, Typhoon Haiyan, the strongest ever recorded, was responsible for 6,340 deaths—and cost billions in damages. Current forecast modelscan only predict these storms 10 days in advance, at most, and they cannot precisely predict how intense the storms will become.An international team of researchers has developed a model that analyzes nearly a quarter of Earth’s surface and atmosphere in order to better predict the conditions that birth typoons.“The target problem of this study is how to foretell the birth of typhoons,” said paper author Mingkui Li, associate professor in the Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography in the Ocean University of China and the Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (QNLM). “We specifically address three aspects: the beginning time, inner pressure and maximum wind speed.”The researchers also accounted for the influence of one variable(变量) on another, such as wind speed onsea surface temperature. This influence is well understood and accounted for in climate predictions and in weather forecasts, butithas not been fully applied in understanding how long-term climate affects day-to-day weather, according to Li. “We aimed to provide insights on the time scale that can be used to forecast typhoons in advance.”From their study, the researchers determined that a model with the ability to better understand the relationship between warm sea surface temperatures and weak wind movement— conditions that favor typhoon formation—could improve typhoon predictability.“Our goal is to develop a 10 to 30-day prediction system that will lead to seamless(无缝的) weather-climate predictions.” Shaoqing Zhang, paper author and professor in the Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, said.12. What is the problem with the present forecast system?A. It cannot foretell storms in advance.B. It is ineffective in accuracy and timeliness.C. It costs too much and causes great damages.D. It can hardly predict the intensity of typhoons.13. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refer to?A. The variable.B. The climateC. The temperature.D. The influence.14. What is the purpose of the study?A. To advance the prediction system.B. To figure out the three main aspects.C. To know how climate affects daily weather.D. To understand the influence of the variables.15. Where is this text most likely from?A. Awork diary.B. A travel guidebook.C. A science magazine.D. A fantasy fiction.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海市浦东新区建平中学高三下学期英语试卷I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Stanford Earth professor Jon Payne puts modern extinctions in context (21)_________ comparing them with Earth's five previous mass extinctions."We've found that extinction threat in the modern oceans is very strongly associated with larger body size," said Jonathan Payne, at Stanford's School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences. "This is most likely due to people (22)_________(target) larger species for consumption first."In a new study, (23)_________ (publish) in the Sept. 16 issue of the journal Science, Payne and his colleagues examined the association between extinction threat level and ecological traits (24)_________ _________ body size for two major groups of marine animals -- mollusks and vertebrates -- over the past 500 years and compared it with the ancient past,(25)________(stretch) as far back as 445 million years ago and with a particular emphasis on the most recent 66 million years."We used the fossil record to show, in a concrete, convincing way, that (26) _________ is happening in the modern oceans is really different from what has happened in the past," said study co-author Noel Heim, a postdoctoral researcher in Payne's lab.Specifically, the authors found that the modern era is unique in the extent (27)_________ creatures with larger body sizes are being preferentially targeted for extinction. "What our analysis shows is that for every factor of 10 increase in body mass, the odds of (28)_________(threaten) by extinction go up by a factor of 13 or so," Payne said. "The bigger you are, (29)_________(likely) you are to be facingextinction."The selective extinction of large-bodied animals (30)_________have serious consequences for the health of marine ecosystems, the scientists say, because they tend to be at the tops of food webs and their movements through the water column and the seafloor help cycle nutrients through the oceans.【答案】21. by 22. targeting 23. published 24. such as 25. stretching26. what 27. because 28. being threatened 29. more likely 30. may【重难点词汇和短语解析】1. Mass extinction - n. 大规模灭绝，大量消亡2. Be associated with - prep. 与...联系起来，与...有关3. Consumption - n. 消费，消耗，吃，喝4. Ecological trait - n. 生态属性/特性5. Marine - adj. 海洋的，海运的6. Mollusk - n. 无脊椎动物7. Vertebrate - n. 脊椎动物8. Fossil - n. 化石9. Concrete - adj. 具体的，实物的10. Postdoctoral - adj. 博士后的11. In the extent - prep. 在...程度上12. Preferentially - adv. 优先地，优惠地13. Body mass - n. 体质量14. Odds - n. 几率，胜算，可能性15. Selective - adj. 选择的16. Ecosystem - n. 生态系统17. Food webs - n. 食物网络18. Column - n. 柱状物，专栏【试题解析】21题考查状从中介词的搭配，这里空格后面是动名词comparing，前面put 发出一个动作，因此是方式状语，“通过比较...和...”，因此填by.22题考查括号中动词的正确形式，主语是people，此处表示主动应该填现在分词，而本句的时态是一般现在时，因此填targeting.23题考查定语从句，主语是a new study，publish作后置定语，加之后面有过去的时间限制，因此填published表示过去完成。

2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThough online ordering is popular in the UK today，hands­on experience still attracts many buyers' attention.Oxford StreetLondon is a shoppers' paradise，and most visitors head for Oxford Street.Halfway along is Selfridges，one of the world's first department stores where the architecture and window dressing impress you even before you go in.There are at least four other major stores on this street，plus Europe's largest music shop.In December the atmosphere is especially festive because of the Christmaslights which are always lighted by a politician，a great sportsman，or a super star.Kensington High StreetA fashionable area for shopping is Kensington High Street.One of its department stores even has a roof garden—good for relaxing between purchases.There's also an organic food superstore.Borough MarketYou can't visit London without going to a supermarketOne of the oldest and best for food is probably Borough Market on the south bank of the Thames.Get off the underground at London Bridge and wander among fresh fish stalls，bakeries，and fruit and vegetable sellers.You can also buy specialities to take away，like cheeses，pork pies，mustard and chutney.More places for bargainsPortobello Road Market on a Saturday is your best choice for jewelry or collector's items.It's a shortwalk from the underground station at Notting Hill Gate and you never know what you will find.For clothes，Camden Market is the place.It gets a little crowded at the weekends，though.Convent Garden Market offers great experience for the simple pleasure of looking at jewelry and gifts.1.Oxford Street becomes special in December for ________.A.the wonderful window dressingB.the Europe's largest music shopC.the lights lighted by a famous personD.many bargains to choose from2.To enjoy food，you can goto ________.A.Camden MarketB.Borough MarketC.Kensington High StreetD.Portobello Road Market3.Where is this passage probably taken from?AA science book. B.A traveler's journal.C.A news report.D.A trip guide.BIn Australia, plenty of wild things can bite or sting(刺伤) you. Strangely enough, one of them is a tree. Now scientists have figured out what makes the tree’s sting so bad.The rainforests of eastern Australia are home to a stinging tree known as Dendrocnide. Many people callit the gympie-gympie tree—a name given to the tree by native Australians. It’s covered with sharp, needle-like hairs that carry poison. If you touch a gympie-gympie tree, you won’t forget it anytime soon. The pain can stay with you for hours, days or weeks. In some cases, it’s been reported to stay for months.Scientists have long looked for the source of this powerful sting. Now researchers at the University of Queensland have discovered what makes this stinging plant so painful. After carefully studying different kinds of gympie-gympie trees, the scientists were able to separate out different chemicals that the trees produce. This allowed them to identify a group of chemicals that they believed was responsible for the pain.The researchers created artificial versions of these chemicals, which they call “gympietides”. Sure enough, when the scientists injected mice with gympietides, the mice licked(舔) at the places where they’d been injected, indicating that they hurt in those places. When the scientists studied the way gympietides were built, they found that they formed a knot-like shape. The shape makes the chemicals very stable, which helps explain why the pain stays so long.The knot-like shape of the gympietides was similar to the shape of poisons produced by poisonous spiders and cone snails. The scientists were surprised to see three very different kinds of life all using similar poisons. Spiders and cone snails carry poisons because they catch food by stinging other creatures. It’s not clear how stinging helps the gympie-gympie tree.Though the tree’s sting may stop some animals from eating it, it doesn’t stop all animals. Beetles and pademelons (small s of the kangaroo) are able to eat the plant without trouble.4. Why is a touch on the stinging tree unforgettable?A. Because it has so unusual an appearance.B. Because it is extremely rare in existence.C. Because touching it creates a quite strange feeling.D. Because the pain caused by it doesn’t go away quickly.5. What do scientists fail to find out about the stinging tree?A. How it produces poisons.B. What poisons it produces.C. How it benefits from the sting.D. The consequences of its sting.6. What does the text imply about the stinging tree?A. It produces the same poisons as spiders.B. Poisonous as it is, it also has natural enemies.C. Animals are wise enough to stay away from it.D. Only one chemical in it causes pain to the toucher.7. What’s the best title for the text?A. Scientists Discover Stinging Tree's SecretB. Caution: Stinging Tree Can Bite and Poison YouC. Scientists Discover a Strange Species in AustraliaD. Effective Ways to Avoid Being Hurt by Stinging TreeCThe relationship between humans and the Amazon Rainforest has not always been a harmonious one. However, recent research suggests that the native peoples ofthe Putumayo region helped to protect the rainforest, leaving it unchanged for 5,000 years. Perhaps humans’ coexisting with nature is possible after all.The study, published in PNAS, looked at soil samples in the Putumayo region of the Amazon in Peru to find how humans influenced the land. The researchers found that the trees still growing in the region today have been growing there for the last 5,000 years — evidence that the area has not been home to cities and farmland in that time. Traces of charcoal(木炭) found in the, soil, however, indicate that people did live there; they just did so in a way that had minimum influence on their environment.To come to these conclusions the team dug a 0.6-0.9 meter deep column into the ground, taking samples of soilfrom different heights along the column. Back in the lab, samples were carbon- dated to determine their age and then sorted under a microscope to look for microscopic mineral particles, known as phytoliths (植硅体). Phytoliths are essential evidence of plants— they remained in the soil thousands of years after the plant died. So researchers can use them to tell which plants have grown in an area in the past.Over 5,000 years’ worth of samples, no species loss was detected. These findings suggest that contrary tocommon belief, the Amazon is not untouched by humans, but rather has been protected by them for thousands of years. The management of the rainforest by native peoples appears to have been vital in preserving its biodiversity and will continue to be important in the fight to prevent it from acollapse.As Nigel Pitman, a co-author on the paper, said: “Since this particular forest is still being protected by native peoples, I hope this study reminds us all how important it is to support their work.”8. How did native peoples deal with the rainforest in the region of Putumayo?A. They always destroyed the rainforest.B. They had a side effect on the rainforest.C. They never lived in the area of the forest.D. They had been in harmony with the forest.9. What did the researchers try to find in the Amazon forest in Peru?A. The diversity of the plants in the rainforest.B. The evidence of human influence on the forest.C. The nutrition of the soil samples in the rainforest.D. The survival age of growing trees in the rainforest.10. What does the underlined word “collapse” mean in Paragraph 4?A. Sudden decrease.B. Bad management.C. Poor preservation.D. Over development.11. What can be inferred from Nigel Pitman's words?A. Native peoples should protectthe rainforest.B. We should help protect the Amazon Rainforest.C. More science research should be done on rainforest.D We should make good use of the Amazon Rainforest.DThursday, two Russian submarines(潜艇) dived down 2.5 miles into the Arctic Ocean and planted a national flag onto a piece of continental shelf known as the Lomonosov Ridge. Rising from the center of the Arctic Basin, the flag sent a clear message to the surrounding nations: Russia had just laid claim(权利) to the vast oil and gas reserves contained in this underwater area.AfterRussia, theUnited States,Norway,SwedenandFinlandare all trying to gain profit. Projections show that the area of land and sea that falls within theArctic Circleis home to an estimated 90 billion barrels of oil, anincredible 13% of Earth’s reserves. It’s also estimated to contain almost a quarter of untapped global gas resources. But long before this oil race began, how did theArcticbecome so rich in energy?“The first thing you realize is that theArctic—unlike the Antarctic—is an ocean surrounded by continents”, Alastair Fraser, a geoscientist from Imperial College London, said. Firstly, this means there’s a huge quantity of organic material available, in the form of dead sea creatures such as plankton and algae, which form the basis of what will ultimately become oil and gas. Secondly, the surrounding ring of continents means that the Arctic Basin contains a high proportion of continental crust(大陆地壳), which makes up about 50% of its oceanic area. That’s significant because continental crust typically contains deep depressions called basins, into which organic matter sinks.Here, it gets inserted in rock and preserved in anoxic(缺氧) waters, meaning they contain little oxygen. “Normally, in a shallow sea with lots of oxygen, it would not be preserved. But if the sea is deep enough, the oxygenated waters at the top will be separated from the anoxic conditions at the base,” Fraser explained. Conserved within these oxygen-free basins, the matter maintains compounds that finally make it useful as an energy source for millions of years in the future.12. Why didRussiaplant a national flag onto the Lomonosov Ridge?A. To tell surrounding countries its armed forces.B. To show its advanced technology of submarines.C. To show abundant natural resources in theArcticBasin.D. To claim its privilege to explore for oil and gas in the area.13. What’s the function of the last sentence in paragraph 2?A. Making a comparison.B. Serving as a connecting link.C. Analyzing the cause and effect.D. Drawing the conclusion of the text.14. What can we know from the last paragraph?A. Oxygen only exists in the top part of the ocean.B. Organic materials mostly exist in the basins with oxygen.C. Water containing oxygen turns organic materials into oil and gas.D. Oxygen-free environment counts in the formation of the arctic’s rich energy.15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. What makes theArcticattractive?B. Why do many nations focus on theArctic?C. Why is there so much oil in theArctic?D. How does theArcticBasincome into being?第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海市建平世纪中学高三英语第四次联考试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AVienna Concerts 2021Every day, one to three dozen Vienna concerts are staged. You can use this checklist to find a fantastic Vienna concert that is worth its money.Vienna Chamber OrchestraThe Vienna Chamber Orchestra has existed for more than 70 years. The international reputation of the Vienna Chamber Orchestra is documented by worldwide tours. The length is 65 minutes.Date: 20th JuneLocation: Minoritenkirehe, Minoritenplatz 1, 1010 ViennaTickets: 30 Euros per adult and free admission for childrenVienna Philharmonic OrchestraIn 2021, famous conductor Gustavo Dudamel will lead the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra. Expect an amazing show with top quality classical music and fireworks. The concert lasts one and a half hours. You have to arrive at least 20 minutes early to find a place to sit.Date: 4th and 5th OctoberLocation: Schonbrunn Palace, palace gardens, in front of Naptune fountain, Schonbrunner Schlossstrasse 47, 1130 Vienna.Tickets: 30 Euros（students, children and senior citizens will receive a 10% discount per ticket）Mozart Piano Sonatas（奏鸣曲）On Saturdays and Sundays, the St. Peter’s church opens its basement to a small group of Mozart fans. In simple but elegant surroundings, international pianists perform Mozart piano sonatas on a Steinway piano. The concerts start in the early evening and last 90 minutes.Date: throughout the yearLocation: St. Peter’s basement, Petersplatz 1, 1010 ViennaTickets: 29 Euros for adults and 16 Euros for children between 8 and 14（children below 8 can enterfor free.）Vivaldi: The Four SeasonsTo point out Vivaldi’s connection to Vienna, the Italian violinist lived in the city for some time, and eventually died there. Closer to where he was buried, the church St. Charles Borromeo regularly stages The Four Seasons, Vivaldi’s main work. The concerts start at 8:15 pm on weekends and last 60 minutes. People can arrive and enter anytime during the performance.Date: throughout the yearLocation: Church St. Charles Borromeo（Karlskirche）, Kreuzherrengase 1, 1040 ViennaTickets: 25 Euros for all ages（free cancellation 24 hours before the event）1.For a couple with their 10-year-old child, which is the cheapest?A.Mozart Piano Sonatas.B.Vienna Chamber Orchestra.C.Vivaldi: The Four Seasons.D.Vienna PhilharmonicOrchestra.2.What do the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and Mozart Piano Sonatas have in common?A.They last one and a half hours.B.They are held in closed surroundings.C.They offer a discount for students and the aged.D.They are suitable for people who prefer pop music.3.What can we know about the concert—The Four Seasons?A.It forbids people to enter after 8:15 pm.B.It describes Vivaldi’s stories related to Vienna.C.It allows you to return your ticket for free a day in advance.D.It was created by the Church St. Charles Borromeo to memorize Vivaldi.BAccording to the study posted onScienceDirect, gardening just two to three times a week increase the benefits of better well-being as much as possible and lower stress levels.The research explored why residents engaged with gardening and the extent to which they recognized any health benefits from the activity.A questionnaire was handed out electronically within theUK, with 5,766 gardeners and 249 non-gardeners responding. Data was collected on factors including garden typology（类型学）, frequency of gardening and individual awareness of health and well-being."This is the first time the dose response（剂量效应）to gardening has been tested and the evidence from thesurvey strongly suggests that the more frequently you garden, the greaterthe health benefits," said Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) lead author Dr Lauriane Chalmin-Pui. In fact, gardening every day has the same positive impact on well-being than undertaking regular and powerful exercise like cycling or running.When gardening, our brains are pleasantly entertained by nature around us. Gardening takes our attention away from ourselves and our stresses, therefore, it helps restore our minds and reduce unfavorable feelings.Improving health, however, was not the main motive power to garden, but rather the direct pleasure gardening brought to the participants."Gardening is like effortless exercise because it doesn't feel as exhausting and hard as going to the gym, for example, but we canexpendsimilar amounts of energy," Chalmin-Pui added.Most people say they garden for pleasure and enjoyment, so people who like gardening may be easy to be addicted to it. However, this sometimes may become a piece of good news, from the aspect of mental health. "We hope all the millions of new gardeners will be getting their daily gardening and feeling all the better for it. " Chalmin-Pui said in the interview.4. What can be inferred about gardening from the survey?A. Improving health is the aim of the participants.BGardening makes no difference to health.C. Health benefits from frequent gardening.D. Too much gardening always does harm to health.5. What does the underlined word "expend" mean in paragraph 7?A. Consume.B. Make use of.C. Increase.D. Save.6. Why do so many participantslike gardening?A. It isn't exhausting.B. It is good for health.C. It brings pleasure.D. It is like going to the gym.7. What is Chalmin-Pui's attitude to the new gardeners' gardening?A. Carefree.B. SupportiveC. Tolerant.D. Indifferent.CA young female athlete in thePhilippinesrecently won many gold medals during a sports meet despite not having proper running shoes. Rhea Ballos, an 11-year-old student ofSalvationElementary Schoolin Balason,Iloilo, wasonly wearing bandages around her feet when she competed at the Iloilo Schools Sports Meet.Facebook user Valenzuela posted pictures of the girl with her feet wrapped in bandages bearing the famousNike logo. Ballos even wrote the word “NIKE” on the sides of her “shoe” to complete the “Nike running shoes” look. The bandages were tightly wrapped around her feet, creating a thin protective layer against the track. While she was actually barefoot during the races, she was still able to defeat her competitors who all more proper footwear intended for running,According to the post, Ballos bagged the top awards in the 400-meter dash, the 800-meter run, and the 1500-meter run in the girls' categories in the inter school sporting event held in Iloilo, central Philippines.When pictures of her “Nike” footwear become popular, Flipinos on social media praised her. Many noted that instead of falling into self-pity, she was even able to make light of the situation by drawing the Nike logo on her “running shoes”. Some of the commenters of Valenzuela's post expressed how the girl deserved to be recognized by Nike and that the brand should actually give her a new pair of real Nike shoes. Others started getting in touch with the American sports brand, as well as local basketball specialty store Titan 22.It did not take long for Titan co-founder and Alaska Aces head coach Jeffrey Cariaso to take notice of Ballos' outstanding achievement. Cariaso immediately made an effort to get in touch with the young track runner. The seven-time PBA champion has since talked to the student as well as her coaches in an apparent bid to help her out.8. Why did Ballos wear bandages around her feet to compete?A. She couldn't afford to buy shoes.B. She wished to be noticed by Nike.C. She wanted to draw public's attention.D. She thought it fashionable and unique.9. What's people's attitude to Ballos' story?A. Surprised.B. Confused.C. Favorable.D. Doubtful.10. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Ballos will be recognized by Nike.B. Ballos will be probably helped by Cariaso.C. Ballos is bound to win more champions.D. Ballos will become a great basketball player.11. Which of the following can best describe Ballos?A. Shy and lucky.B. Kind and brave.C. Clever and outstanding.D. Gifted and optimistic.DDragon boating is a team sport that has its root in ancient China. The boats are decorated with a dragon head and tail. In recent years cancer survivor groups have got involved in the sport to help make friends and help rebuild their lives.On a recent Saturday morning, a group of 20 women were on a boat in the Anacostia River in Washington DC. They moved their paddles(船桨)in rhythm to the call of a coach. The women belong to the dragon boat team GoPink! DC, which trains weekly. It also races against other breast cancer survivor teams in dragon boat festivals. As a result, GoPink! DC won medals in this Washington dragon boat festival.Lydia Collins joined five years ago after finding out she had breast cancer. “I was diagnosed with breast cancer.I was demoralized because of my illness - I lost all interest in life and wouldn't even get out of bed to eat. But now I love the team spirit. I just love everything about it. It is like a floating support group on the water.”The paddles are breast cancer survivors and their supporters. Annette Rothemel helped establish(建立)the group in 2006. She is a researcher with the National Institutes of Health as well as a breast cancer survivor. “It is sort of an easy entry sport because on the same boat people at different levels can be doing the same sport.” But Ms Rothemel saysdragon boating can be physically demanding, especially for someone who is sick and getting treatment for cancer.“It’s hard but I think you have to challenge yourself in life. This is something I look forward to. I get to be out here with my sisters and supporters that understand what I’m going through and help motivate me. So it makes me stronger and it makes me feel better,” another cancer survivor Rhonda Hartzel said.Annette Rothemel says the cancer survivors feel a sense of sisterhood and share good times when they paddle together. She says both feelings are treasured by the team.12. What do the underline wordsdemoralizedIn para.3 probably mean?A. depressedB. anxiousC. astonishedD. awkward13. What can we know about Lydia Collims from the text?A. she helps establish Go Pink !DCB. she tries to find a cure for the cancerC. she benefits from the dragon boat raceD. she gives up hope because of her illness14. How can the dragon boat race help the cancer survivorsA. forget their tough experiencesB. recover physically and mentallyC. get rid of the pains of their cancerD. enjoy their rest life without sufferings15. What does the text tell us about Annette Rothemel?A. she is an expert in studying the cause of the cancerB. she helps the cancer survivors in financial difficultiesC. she believes there is a healthful result from the dragon boat raceD. she thinks it unwise for the patient to join in the dragon boat race第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市建平中学2019届高三英语4月质量检测试题（含解析）I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20分)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Does City Living Hurt Mental Health?People often move to cities ___1___ better jobs and more cultural activities. But are they putting ___2___ at risk? Maybe.Experts at the American Psychiatry Association say that “natural environments or green spaces” do much for good our mental health and ___3___ (experience) nature helps people recover from the mental tiredness that comes from day-to-day work.On the other hand, ___4___ they cannot say exactly why, mental health experts say some research suggests that city living might hurt our mental health.Andrea Mechelli is a doctor with the Institute of Psychiatry at Kings College, London. “Ther e have been studies ___5___ people were taken out of an urban environment into a rural environment, and their symptoms would improve. And we also see that the greater the city the greater the risk.”Kings College researchers, along with city planners and land and building designers hoped ___6___ (learn) more about city living and mental illness. So, they created a smartphone app called Urban Mind. They say they wanted to understand ___7___ different parts of the urban environment affect mental wellbeing.The Urban Mind app ___8___ your experience of city living in the moment. Researchers collected real time information from 108 people, who answered just over 3,000 questions during a one-week period.The researchers found that being outdoors, seeing trees, hearing birdsong, seeing the sky, and feeling in contact with nature ___9___(associate) with higher levelsof mental well-being.They also found that these seeming effects of nature were especially strong in those individuals at greater risk of mental health problems.The Urban Mind Project team says it hopes “the results will inform future urban planning and social policy ___10___(intend) to improve design and health.”【答案】1. for 2. themselves3. experiencing4. though/although5. where6. to learn7. how 8. measures9. were associated10. intended【解析】【分析】这是一篇议论文。

【题文】假设你是启明中学高三学生王磊，最近收到英国笔友Mike写来的一封邮件，告诉你最近他阅读了儒勒凡尔纳(Jules Verne)的小说《环游地球八十天》,并提出了"Traveling was more enjoyable in the days before the invention of the aeroplane”这一观点。

你对此很感兴趣，决定写一封回信，内容包括:1.你是否赞同这一观点;2.你的理由(可以用具体事例说明)。

_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________【答案】Dear Mike,I’ve heard that you’ve read a novel of Jules Verne and believed that “Travelling was more enjoyable in the days before the invention of the aeroplane”, but I beg to differ.No doubt aeroplanes dwarf all the other means of transportation with regards to speed and safety. Contrary to what you've put forward, travelling might not be as satisfying as is depicted in the novel in these days, when travelers tend to wear themselves out after an endless period of walk and be threatened with wildlife and infection.Meanwhile, I highly adore flying experience. It doesn’t hurt to p amper yourself with a relaxing air journey after months of work. A pleasant journey high above the sky is sure to sweep your fatigue off, as well as provide a feast to the eyes.What’s more, travelling is all about experiencing different culture and viewin g unique scenery. Despite negative impacts of tourism on the environment.Those are all of my points. I am looking forward to hear from you again.Yours,Wang Lei 【解析】【分析】这是一封邮件，应用文。

2019届上海市建平中学高三下学期三模英语试题Word版含答案2019建平中学高三下英语三模I. Listening Comprehension (25%)略II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADirections:Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There’s a widely-accepted line of thinking, especially in 2019, that says the people and things we love will eventually let us down.It’s never an if, always a when. So our heroes will inevitably turn out to be trash monsters. Our favorite bands will enter an experimental phase, even though no one asked them to. And our favorite TV shows will (21) _______ _______ fail to reach greater heights, but they won’t even come close to the same level of success they once had.It was with this cynical mentality (22) _______ I approached the second season of 2018’s breakout hit Killing Eve. How could a series that was so well written, so well acted, and so fiercely addictive in its freshman season possibly (23) _______ (maintain) the same level of quality in Season 2, especially since Phoebe Waller-Bridge, (24) _______ developed the series for TV and wrote four of the first season’s eight episodes, wasn’t involved in the writing of the second? It seemed like an impossible task.But then a strange thing happened: Killing Eve’s second season, at least the two episodes (25) _______ (screen) in advance for critics, didn’t let me down. The new episodes generated the same amount of joy I experienced (26) _______ I watched Eve (Sandra Oh) and Villanelle (Jodie Comer) dance around each other during the first go-round, only this time the stakes were considerably (27) _______ (high).As Waller-Bridge noted, “Killing Eve is character study on two lives, two women and their circumstances, their homes, their wants, their fears and (28) _______ keeps them from ending it all. It’s just that (29) _______ happens to be an assassin（暗杀者）and the other a spy. If I’ve done my job right, the audience (30) _______ feel equally chilled as they are excited by the determination of these women, their journeys and how drawn they are to one anoth er.”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beHow to be a demanding readerThe rules for reading yourself to sleep are easier to follow than are the rules for stayingawake while reading. Get into bed in a comfortable position, make sure the light is __31__ enough to cause a slight eyestrain, choose a book that is either terribly difficult or terribly boring--in any event one that you do not really care whether you read or not --and you will be asleep in a few minutes. Those who are experts in relaxing with a book do not have to wait for __32__. A comfortable chair in the library will do any time.Unfortunately, the rules for keeping awake do not consist indoing just the __33__. It is possible to keep awake while reading in a comfortable chair or even in bed, and people have been known to __34__ their eyes by reading late in light too dim. What kept the famous __35__ readers awake? One thing certainly -- it made a difference to them, a great difference, whether or not they read the book they had in hand.Whether you manage to keep awake or not depends in large part on your goal in reading. If your aim in reading is to profit from it -- to __36__ somehow in mind or spirit -- you have to keep awake. That means reading as actively as possible. It means making an effort -- an effort for which you expect to be __37__.Good books, fiction or nonfiction, deserve such reading. To use a good book as a helper to fall asleep is pure waste. To fall asleep or, what is the same, to let your mind wander during the hours you planned to devote to reading for profit -- that is, __38__ for understanding -- is clearly to defeat your own __39__.But the sad fact is that many people who can distinguish between profit and pleasure -- between understanding, on the one hand, and entertainment or the mere satisfaction of curiosity, on the other hand-- nevertheless __40__ to carry out their reading plans. They can’t make it even if they know which books give which. The reason is that they do not know how to be demanding readers, how to keep their mind on what they are doing by making it do the work without which no profit can be earned.Ⅲ. Reading comprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.A window into the futureShortly after its opening on the first day of Chinese New Year, The Wandering Earth began to gain momentum. In a little over a week, it made 2.8 billion yuan in the __41__ market alone. The film’s popularity and success has come as a __42__ to many reviewers especially since there hasn’t been that much success for Chinese-produced science fiction the past. Many agree that this film will change the __43__ situation and bring in a new age for Chinese science fiction.As a genre（类型）, Chinese science fiction has __44__ general fiction in both the film and publishing industries. Even Liu Cixin’s (the author who wrot e the short story on which The Wandering Earth is based) The Three Body Problem--which is currently quite popular -- didn’t havemany readers until it was translated into English and won the Hugo Award（雨果奖）in 2015. __45__, I haven’t read much of any genre written in Chinese, but I do notice that there aren’t many separate sections of the bookstore dedicated to science fiction. I cannot speak for everyone, but some people seem to have __46__ regarding the genre.My parents were the type who tried to steer me in the direction of non-fiction and the classics. They believed that science fiction and fantasy were “unrealistic nonsense” and would “__47__ by brain.” __48__, great science fiction writers do their research. More often than not, one can learn a great deal about science and its possible development from reading science fiction. Sure, some of the concepts may be confusing or technical in nature, but that is also part of the __49__. Things like the internet, electric cars and tablet computers were first theorized in science fiction before they were __50__. The author simply uses a __51__ of science and his imagination to create worlds differentfrom the Earth of today, from which we can get bits and pieces that can be turned into a __52__.The world is changing. There may very well be a time when Earth is no longer able to __53__ the entire population. We could be living on Mars or in giant spaceships; perhaps we will be __54__ to move Earth to a new solar system just like The Wandering Earth. Each of these scenarios（设想）has appeared in science fiction multiple times. __55__ we are to be prepared for what is to come, we can look into modern science fiction for a window into the future.41. A. outdoor B. domestic C. depressed D. global42. A. achievement B. compliment C. surprise D. priority43. A. embarrassing B. extreme C. risky D. complicated44. A. contributed to B. taken over C. made up D. lagged behind45. A. Personally B. Obviously C. Fortunately D. Hopefully46. A. confidence B. ambitions C. suspicions D. misunderstandings47. A. damage B. rot C. form D. swing48. A. In addition B. For instance C. In fact D. As a result49. A. compound B. investigation C. memory D. appeal50. A. imagined B. operated C. restored D. invented51. A. combination B. perspective C. definition D. consequence52. A. mystery B. restriction C. connection D. reality53. A. protect B. sustain C. double D. estimate54. A. willing B. thrilled C. forced D. allowed55. A. Though B. If C. Since D. BeforeSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passageis followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe following sad but true talc concerns my great-uncle, a wonderful, jolly, beloved man who was over six feet four and probably weighted close to three hundred pounds. He was also well-educated and in the early 1900s became a full-time baptist minister. A kindly, gentle man despite his size, Uncle Alden Bentley’s only real fault seemed to be that he was terribly clumsy. As a young minister, her was paying a pastoral call one day on a woman in Dillon, South Carolina, when he accidentally sat on her Chihuahua, Twinkie, and killed it. As the lady searched for and called for her dog throughout the house, Uncle Alden felt underneath his hip and, realizing what he had done, panicked and slipped the dead dog into his coat pocket. Although he was devastated, he could not bring himself w tell the woman what had happened.Five years later, he returned to the same home of an overnight visit and resolved to unburden himself by finally telling the woman exactly what had happened to Twinkie. she had just had the guest room prepared and had hung brand-new curtains. To make Uncle feel welcome, she had placed on the bedside table a large pitcher of ice water and a glass, as well as a pen and a bottle of ink, so he could work on his sermon before retiring.Uncle liked to sleep with the window open and got up in the night to open it. As he did, he knocked over what he assumed to be a full glass of water. Then, groping along the walls in an unsuccessful search for the light switch, he retraced his stepsseveral times before raising the window and settling back on the bed for the night. When he opened his eyes the next morning, he was horrified. The fresh wallpaper on two walls was covered with great black stains. The crisp white curtains were thoroughly spoiled with the prints of Uncle’s huge paws. It had not been the water glass he’d overturned during the night -- it had been the ink bottle.In a shaken state of mind and knowing he must face the hostess, Uncle dressed hurriedly and started down the stairs outside the guest room. As he approached the landing, his foot flipped.“Are you hurt?” His hostess cried as she rushed to Uncle’s side.“No,” said Uncle a he rose to his feet, “but I have devastated your home.” With that he quickly walked out the front door and, at the end of the walk, turned and said to his hostess with deep respect, “Twinkie had a Christian burial.”He then retired from the ministry and became a teacher of philosophy for many years at a private preparatory school in Massachusetts.56. What was the job of Uncle Alden when he was visiting the lady’s home?A. A government official.B. A teacher.C. A house agent.D. A churchman.57. what does the underlined word “retiring” mean in the second paragraph?A. giving up workB. pulling backC. going awayD. going to bed58. Which of the following statements about Uncle Alden is TURE?A. He suffered from a guilty conscience after the first visit to the lady’s home.B. His rudeness led to a mess of the guest room during the second visit to the lad y’s home.C. He kept the death of Twinkie as a secret from the hostess all through the two visits.D. His visits to the lady’s home always ended with rage and fury.59. What kind of tone is adopted by the writer in this short story?A. Sympathetic.B. Critical.C. Humorous.D. Indifferent.60. For Mr. & Mrs. Lawrence, a Canadian couple who are considering an overseas package-tour for their honeymoon, which website will they probably visit?A./doc/1496c817db38376baf1ffc4ffe473368 7f21fc80.htmlB. visitGreensboroN/doc/1496c817db38376baf1ffc4ffe47 33687f21fc80.htmlC./doc/1496c817db38376baf1ffc4ffe473368 7f21fc80.htmlD. Caravan. com61. Which of the following applicants may have the chance of winning a free trip?A. Morgan, a retired Canadian teacher.B. Jennifer, a primary student from Alaska.C. Peter, a salesman on overseas trip to U. S.,D. Lincoln, a senior form Chicage University.62. Which of the following statements is TURE?A. You may get the chance to explore Fairbanks for free by visiting/doc/1496c817db38376baf1ffc4ffe473368 7f21fc80.html .B. You needn’t pay any fees to apply for a free trip via text or/doc/1496c817db38376baf1ffc4ffe473368 7f21fc80.htmlC. Greensboro can be a perfect destination for collectors of artifacts.D. Alaska is not a good choice for those who want to experience urban charmC.Before the age of the smartphone, photographers had to learn how to use high-tech cameras and photographic techniques. Today, with the huge range of camera apps on our smartphones, we’re all good amateur photographers, since the quality of smartphone images now nearly equals that of digital cameras.The new ease of photography has given us a tremendousappetite for capturing the magical and the ordinary. We are obsessed with documenting everyday moments, whether it’s a shot of our breakfast, our cat or the cat’s breakfast. Even photo journalists are experimenting with mobile phones because their near invisibility makes it easier to capture unguarded moments.In the past, magazines published unforgettable photos of important people and global events that captured our imaginations. These photos had the power to change public opinion and even the course of history. But if there are fewer memorable images today, it’s not because there are fewer good images. It’s because there are so many, and no one image gets to be special for long.As people everywhere embrace photography and the media make use of citizen journalists, professional standards appear to be shifting. Before digital images, most people trusted photographs to accurately reflect reality. Today, images can be altered in ways the naked eye might never notice. Photojournalists are trained to accurately represent what they witness. Yet any image can be altered to create an “improved” picture of reality. The average viewer is left with no way to assess theaccuracy of an image except through trust in a news organization or photographer.The question of the accuracy of images gets even trickier when photojournalists start experimenting with camera apps -- like Hipstamatic or Instagram --which encourage the use of filters （滤镜）. Images can be colored, brightened, faded, and scratched to make photographs more artistic, or to give them an antique look. Photographers using camera apps to cover wars and conflicts have created powerful images--but alsocontroversy. Critics worry that antique-looking photographs romanticize war, while distancing us from those who fight in them.Yet photography has always been more subjective than we assume. Each picture is a result of a series of decisions -- where to stand, what lens to use, what to leave in and what to leave out of the frame. Does altering photographs with camera app filters make them less true? There’s something powerful and exciting about the experiment the digital age has forced upon us. These new tools make it easier to tell our own stories -- and they give others the power to do the same. Many members of the media get stuck on the same stories, focusing on elections, governments, wars, and disasters, and in the process, miss out on the less dramatic images of daily life that can be as revealing.Who knows? Our obsession with documentation and constantly being connected could lead to a dramatic change in out way of being. Perhaps we are witnessing the development of a universal isvual language, one that could change the way er relate to each other and the world. Of course, as with any language, there will be those who produce poetry and those who make shopping lists.63. According to the author, there are fewer memorable photographs today because_______.A. the quality of many images is still poorB. there are so many good images these daysC. traditional media refuse to allow amateur photosD. most images are not appealing to a global audience64. The author put the word “improved” in quotation marks in order to _______.A. indicate it’s a word cited fro m another sourceB. stress that the picture of reality is greatly improvedC. draw audience attention to a word worth consideringD. show it’s arguable whether the picture is truly improved65. Which of the statements does the author most likely agree with?A. The daily life pictures are very expressive themselves.B. Photographs of the digital age are more subjective than before.C. Photos altered by filters of camera apps are too subjective to be true.D. Many members of the media value daily life imanges over major social events.66. What my be the best title for the passage?A. Camera Apps Bury AuthenticityB. Photography Redefined: A Visual LanguageC. Smartphone: Killer of Professional PhotographyD. The Shifting Standards of Professional PhotographySection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given below. EachChoosing a brand nameTalk to anyone in the business world and they will tell you that a good advertising campaign can only get you so far. __67__ So how do you do about choosing one?A descriptive business name, for example ‘Pete’s Bakery’, might seem the best solution. It effectively communicates what your business is so it is easy for people to understand what you do. This is especially useful if you are a small business with limited advertising budgets. Another bonus is that this sort of name willbe thrown up in internet searches, so you may get easy additional business.However, descriptive names have some drawbacks. The biggest one is if you later decide to expand your business to other areas. __68__ Another disadvantage is that these generic names can easily be confused with similarly-named competitors--your customers may find them when they were looking for you.An increasing number of companies and freelancers are creating a brand around their own name. Think of Adidas or Kellogg’s --when they set up their companies, Adi Dassler and William Kellogg were unknown but they have been so successful that their names have become world-famous brands. __69__ This strategy demands more marketing and a strong advertising campaign, which can be costly.So how do you go about inventing a name? One method is to use acronyms or abbreviations, for example IKEA(IngvarKamprad Elmtaryd Agunaryd). If you prefer, you can use combined names such as Microsoft (Micro+software). __70__It is well worth taking as long as you need to come up with the name that will suit the business and that you can be proud of.Ⅳ. Summary writingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and main point(s) of the passagein no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Bad news sells. If it bleeds, it leads. No news is good news, and good news is no news. Those are the classic rules for the evening broadcasts and the morning papers. But now that information is being spread and monitored in different ways,researchers are discovering new rules. By tracking people’s e-mails and online posts, scientists have found that good news can spread faster and farther than disasters and sob stories.“The ‘if it bleeds’ rule works for mass media,” says Jonah Berger, a scholar at the University of Pennsylvania. “They want your eyeballs and don’t care how you’re feeling. But when you share a story with your friends, you care a lot more how they react. You don’t want them to think of you as a Debbie Downer.”Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication -- e-mails, Web posts and reviews, fact-to-face conversations -- found that if tended to be more positive than nega tive, but that didn’t necessarily mean people preferred positive news. Was positive news shared more often simply because people experienced more good things than bad things? T o test for that possibility, Dr. Berger looked at how people spread a particular set of news stories: thousands of articles on The New York Times’ website. He and a Penn. colleague analyzed the “most e-mailed” list for six months. One of his first findings was that articles in the science section were much more likely to make the list than non-science articles. He found that science amazed The Times’ readers and made them want to share this positive felling with others.Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feeling like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. They needed to be aroused one way or the other, and they preferred good news to bad. The more positive an article was, the more likely it was to be shared, as Dr. Berger explains in his new book, Contagious: Why Things Catch On.第Ⅳ卷Ⅳ. TranslationsDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 光刷题不反思是没有用处的。

2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语期中试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AMany workers have had no choice but to adapt to working from home in recent months since offices shut down due to the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情). And the noisy situation and endless housework may result in a terrible emotion. A new option is waiting foryou. That is WFH: work from a hotel.Hotel FigueroA special program titled Work Perks aims to reposition some of 94-year-old Hotel Figuero’s 268 rooms as day-use offices.According to Managing Director Connie Wang, the set-up launched in June and is a great opportunity to get out of their houses with high-speed Wi-Fi, unlimited printing privileges and free parking. The 350-square-foot rooms sell for $ 129 per day, with an option to extend to an overnight stay for an additional $ 20.The WytheA boutique hotel inBrooklyn. The hotel recently announced a partnership with co-working office space company Industrious through which it is recycling 13 second-story guest rooms to serve as offices for up to four people.Each of the rooms has a small outdoor platform, and dogs are welcome. Pricing starts at $ 200 and goes up to $ 275, depending on how many people use the space.The SawyerThe Sawyer, in Sacramento, California, is offering pool cabanas (更衣室) for use as outdoor offices, complete with fast Wi-Fi, free parking and catered lunch for $ 150 per day.HotelsByDayYannis Moati founded HotelsByDay back in 2015. That company has grown to include more than 1,500 hotels, and has seen a significant increase in the number of inquiries for day-use bookings lately.Moati said the current situation will force hotels to upgrade themselves to stay alive, and he predicted that offering rooms for day-use only is one of the directions they will go.1. How much should one pay for a 24-hour stay in Hotel Figuero?A. $ 129.B. $ 149.C. $ 150.D. $ 200.2. Which hotel allows pets in?A. The Wythe.B. The Sawyer.C. HotelsByDay.D. Hotel Figuero.3. What do we know about Yannis Moati?A. He started a program titledWork Perks.B. He has upgraded at least 1,500 rooms.C. He usually predicts everything correctly.D. He is optimistic about the WFH trend.BWhat acts of kindness will make us the happiest, and who tends to benefit the most? A newly-published review of decades of kindness research provides some answers.In this paper, researchers analyzed the results from 126 research articles looking at almost 200, 000 participants from around the world. The studies they chose measured well-being in various ways, including both mental and physical health. Some were experiments, where people did a kindness practice to observe its effects, while others just surveyed people about how kind and happy they were.As expected, people who were kind tended to have higher well-being. Lead researcher Bryant Hui wasastoundedthat the relationship wasn't stronger than it was, but he was still encouraged by the results.One thing Hui and his colleagues found was that people who performed random, informal acts of kindness, like bringing a meal to a sad friend, tended to be happier than people who performed more formal acts of kindness, like volunteering in a soup kitchen.The researchers also found that people who were kind tended to be higher in "eudaimonic happiness"(a sense of meaning and purpose in life) more than "hedonic happiness"(a sense of pleasure and comfort). Perhaps this makes sense, given that being kind takes effort, which reduces comfort but could make people feel better about themselves and their abilities, which would provide a sense of meaning.Being kind came with greater eudaimonic happiness for women than for men, too. According to Hui, this could be because, in many cultures, women are expected to be kinder than men; so, they may have more to gain from it. And younger participants experienced more happiness when they were kind than older participants, perhaps for developmental reasons, he says.Hui isn't sure why acting kind might have these different effects on different groups, but he points to theories put forth by researcher Elizabeth Midlarsky: Being kind may make us feel better about ourselves as a person orabout the meaning of our lives, help us forget our own troubles and stresses, or help us be more socially-connected with others.4. What does the data in the second paragraph intend to show?A. The recent paper is worthy of being read.B. The recent paper gives convincing results.C. Kindness is always a hot topic of research.D. Kindness is closely linked to one's well-being.5. What does the underlined word "astounded" in paragraph 3 mean?A. Afraid.B. Certain.C. Excited.D. Surprised.6. Which of the following acts of kindness can make one feel happier according to paragraph 4?A. Volunteering in a hospital.B. Cleaning a community.C. Returning a lost item to its owner.D. Collecting donations for the poor.7. What do the researchers find from the paper?A. Being kind has different effects on different groups.B. Eudaimonic happiness makes people feel comfort.C. The younger experienced more happiness than the older.D. Female participants are kinder than male ones.CShe is one of mankind’s oldest ancestors and is more than three million years old. New analysis of the arm bones of Lucy, an early hominid, suggests she was a tree climber. Lucy’s remains were uncovered in Ethiopia in the 1970s, with the 3.18 million-year-old skeleton(骨骼)being the most complete of any upright, walking human ancestor. Since she was discovered, researchers have debated whether she spent her life in the trees or spent time walking on the plains as well.The new evidence from scans of her arm bones proves she spent time climbing and used her arms to pull herself up. The scans were compared with cross sections of humans and chimpanzees, which spend a mixture of time in trees and walking on all fours on the ground. They found that the arm bones were more heavily built, similar to those of chimps, while her lower limbs(下肢)would have meant she walked less efficiently than modern humans. Professor John Kappelman, atUniversityofTexas, believes the advantage of his study was that it focused on characteristics that reflect actual behavior during life, suggesting that evenwhen Lucy walked upright, she may have done so less efficiently than modern humans, limiting her ability to walk long distances on the ground.Previous studies suggested that Lucy was just 4 feet tall and weighed just 65 pounds. Combining the new data paints a picture of an ancestor who may have spent a great amount of her time in trees. It also expands onevidence from earlier this year which claimed that Lucy may have died from a fall, most likely from a tree. The evidence suggests Lucy may have spent time on the ground, returning to the safety of the trees for food and to sleep, to avoid her enemies.8. What did the researchers argue about after Lucy was discovered?A. Where she lived.B. How long she lived.C. What she ate.D. How she worked.9. How could people tell Lucy spent time climbing?A. By her walking style.B. By her heavily built arm bones.C. By her strong lower limbs.D. By her large cross sections.10. When Lucy walked, she may________.A. have walked with bigger stepsB. have walked at a faster speedC. have walked more efficiently than usD. have walked a shorter distance than us11. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Guesses about Lucy’s characteristics.B. Some evidence of Lucy’s health.C. The safety of Lucy.D. The ancestor of Lucy.DConcrete is the world's most consumed material after water. Because it already surrounds us in the built environment, researchers have been exploring the idea of using concrete to store electricity—turning buildings into giant batteries. The idea has been gaining ground as we have come to increasingly rely on renewable energy from the wind and sun: rechargeable batteries are necessary when the breeze dies down or darkness falls.Experimental concrete batteries have only managed to hold a small part of what a traditional battery does. But one team now reports in Buildings that it has developed a rechargeable original model that could represent a more than 900 percent increase in stored charge, compared with earlier attempts.A live-in concrete battery might sound unlikely. Still, "you can make a battery out of a potato," notes Aimee Byrne. In a future where sustainability is key, she likes the idea of buildings that avoid waste by providing shelter and powering electronics.Although the new design stores more than 10 times as much power as earlier attempts, it still has a long way to go: 200 square meters of it "can provide about 8 percent of the daily electricity consumption" of a typical U.S.home, Zhang says.This is not enough to compete with today's rechargeable devices. "We're getting milliamps (毫安) out of concrete batteries—we're not getting amps (安培), "Byrne says." We're getting hours as opposed to days of charge." But she adds that" concrete batteries are completely in their childhood, compared to other battery designs." The earliest batteries were simple andbulky. Researchers experimented with new materials and designs for more than a century to develop today's small devices. Byrne suggests concrete-based energy storage could undergo a similar evolution. "The whole idea is that we're looking far into the future," she says. "We're playing the long game with it."12. What can we learn about the concrete batteries?A. They become increasingly renewable.B. They are the most consumed batteries.C. They are being developed by researchers.D. They will replace energy from the wind and sun.13. Why does Byrne mention a battery out of a potato?A. To show it is easy to build concrete batteries.B. To argue it is possible to develop concrete batteries.C. To make her statement more interesting.D. To call on people to protect the environment.14. What does the underlined word "bulky" in Paragraph 5 mean?A. HeavyB. CheapC. EfficientD. Small.15. What doesByrne think of concrete batteries?A. They beat today's rechargeable devices.B. They are simple and bulky.C. They have a doubtful future.D. They have a long way to go.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

上海市浦东新区建平中学2019届高三上学期期中考试英语试卷II.GrammarandvocabularySectionA1．The mama﹣bear instinctMs． Angela McQueen， a math and PE teacher at Mattoon High School， Illinois， has a routine when she's on lunch﹣monitoring duty． She___1___ （keep） an eye on the hundreds of students in her charge by walking laps（圈） around the school cafeteria．In September 2017， McQueen， then 40， had hardly finished one lap___2___ a 14﹣year﹣old freshman standing not far from her pulled out a gun． She knew too well that he was going to start shooting．School employees___3___（train）on how to handle active shooters：Attack their ability___4___ （aim）． So with the shooter's finger on the trigger， McQueen rushed to him．___5___（grab） at his arm， she forced the gun into the air， but not___6___ he struck one student in the hand and chest and hurt another． As students ran for the exits， McQueen defeated the shooter with help from the school resource officer，___7___ disarmed the student and took him into imprisonment until police arrived minutes later． Afterward， McQueen went outside to give hugs and support to her shaken students．"It's the mama﹣bear instinct，" she told the local paper． "I don't have kids of my own， but these are still‘___8___' kids．"___9___ McQueen， a story that has played out tragically at far too many schools across the country had a relatively happy ending． "If it hadn't been for her， the situation would have been a lot different，" Police Chief Jeff Branson said at a news conference．As one___10___ （impress） student told CBS News， "Mr． McQueen is our heroine．"【答案】1. keeps2. when3. had been trained4. to aim5. grabbing6. before7. who8. my 9. Thanks to10. impressed【解析】【分析】这是应用文。

2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语三模试卷及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AEast Yorkshire has typical unpredictable British weather. So here are some ideas to keep everybody happy when the weather is not the most ideal.William's Den, North CaveThe outdoor and indoor areas are suitable for children of all ages to have fun.There are nests to explore, rope bridges to cross, a tree-house and a slide. The attached Kitchen provides fresh food made from locally sourced ingredients serving a selection of treats.East Riding Leisure CentresKnown for a fun learner pool alongside an incredible fun zone with two slides as well, it is perfect for kids to find their feet in the water, have fun and explore. Its 6 climbing walls offer a different challenge on each. This place is suitable for anyone over the age of 4 and you can refuel at cafe with fresh food, snacks and cakes.Sewerby Hall and GardensWhen the weather’s not sure, take cover in the Hall and learn how life was in the early 1900’s for the residents and workers of the house. Then explore the zoo and meet the pigs, parrots and penguins! Kids of all ages are welcome.Withernsea LighthouseThere’s no limitation to the age of kids to climb Withernsea Lighthouse, which is 144 steps to the top, with full views of the East Yorkshire Coast at the top of it. Enjoy the museum on the ground floor and learn what life is like working and living in a lighthouse. The souvenir shop provides attractive gifts for visitors at a fair price.1.Which one is unsuitable for kids of all ages?A.William’s Den, North Cave.B.East Riding Leisure Centres.C.Sewerby Hall and Gardens.D.Withernsea Lighthouse.2.Where can kids enjoy food?A.In William’s Den, North Cave and Sewerby Hall and Gardens.B.In East Riding Leisure Centres and Withernsea LighthouseC.In William’s Den, North Cave and East RidingLeisure Centres.D.In Sewerby Hall and Gardens and Withernsea Lighthouse.3.Where does this passage probably come from?A.A geography textbook.B.A science report.C.A finance magazine.D.A travel brochure.BMikah Frye, a 9-year-old boy, was walking down the streets with his grandmother discussing Christmas gifts when he saw some homeless people struggling to stay warm in the cold night. Then he was thinking about a way to help the homeless to spend a warm Christmas.That thought stayed in Mikah Frye’s mind and when he reached home, Mikah informed his parents not to buy the Microsoft XBox gaming device he had asked for earlier. Mikah realized that by not buying the $300 device, he could instead donate over 30 blankets to the homeless. He knew how much it meant to be warm in the cold holiday season.Three years ago, Mikah and his parents were the ones living in a homeless shelter. Having suffered a financial crisis, they too had lost their house, not knowing where their next meal would come from and sharing a blanket every night. Mikah was six years old then but he remembered what it was like to have to give back that precious blanket every morning.Reaching out to the emergency shelter programme that looked after them 3 years ago, the family donated 60 blankets in the end, each with a personalized message of hope in Mikah’s handwriting stating: “They gave me a blanket, but I had to leave it. That’s why I want you to have your own blanket. Today, I live in my own house, and someday you will too. Your friend, Mikah.”The homeless people at the shelter may not have been able to give Mikah a Christmas gift in return but his gesture was noted by the billion dollar company Microsoft who made sure that Mikah was fooled into visiting their store so that Santa Claus could personally deliver an XBox from the company to him as a reward for making the top of “Santa’s list of nice boys” that year.4. Why did Mikah give up his Christmas gift?A. The device was out of date.B. His parents had a tight budget.C. He wanted to spend a warm Christmas.D. He decided to do something charitable.5. What made Mikah have a better understanding of the situation of the homeless?A. His own experience.B. His parents’ education.C. His visiting to the emergency shelter.D. The cold weather during the holiday season.6. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs?A. The homeless gave Mikah a gift in return.B. He finally got the gift he wanted on Christmas.C. The company Microsoft fooled Mikah into buying an Xbox.D Mikah wrote a thank-you note to the emergency shelter he lived in.7. What might be the best title for the text?A. Mikah’s Precious Christmas GiftB. Mikah’s Giving Warmth on ChristmasC. Microsoft Rewarded Nice Boys on Santa’s ListD. The Homeless Needed Blankets on a Cold ChristmasCAfter years of releasing e-readers that compete directly with Amazon’s Kindle, Rakuten Kobo’s latest device offers something totally different: theability to draw and write directly on the screen.With a large 10.3-inch E-ink display, the Kobo Elipsa looks more like an electronic clipboard than the standard paperpack-sized e-reader. Although the ability to write on the screen is no big deal — especially given its high price tag of $ 600 — the overall package is impressively functional.In terms of reading, the Elipsa packs just about everything you’d expect in a Kobo. You can purchase and download books from the store, read web articles you’ve saved online via Pocket, and connect to your local library to borrow e-books and magazines. It’s known that Kindle basically requires you to buy books from Amazon. Unlike Kindles, Kobos are pretty open with the formats they support; you can connect the Elipsa to a computer and transfer over any PDF books you have bought or downloaded from stores like Booktopia or Google Books.You can fill your virtual notepads with notes using brush and pen types, and export them as PDFs or images to a PC. There’s also an “advanced” notebook that can turn your writing into typed and editable text for exporting to Microsoft Word format. You can also write directly onto documents themselves, with all your word circling and underlining saved as you go to review later. This is especially handy when it comes to PDFs, as changes you make are synced（同步）automatically when you have Wi-Fi, so you can move between your Elipsa, PC and phone and keep your notes.With all that said, we can see it really appealing to e-reader fans who also tend to do a lot of work on paper. If you ever print things out to mark them up, fill notepads with writing or drawing that you later have to transcribe or scan, or just wish you could write all over your library books, this could be the device for you.8. Which of the following best describes the Elipsa?A. Automatic.B. Traditional.C. Useful.D. Standard.9. How is a Kobo different from a Kindle in reading?A. A Kindle has a larger screen.B. A Kindle can support more formats.C. A Kobo supports books from various sources.D. A Kobo should be connected to local libraries.10. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Kobos?A Their function in syncing. B. Their function in typing.C. Their function in writing.D. Their function in reading.11. In which section of a newspaper can the text probably be found?A. Education.B. Technology.C. Lifestyle.D. Business.DFairy tales perform many functions. They entertain, encourage imagination and teach problem—solving skills. They can also provide moral lessons, highlighting the dangers of failing to follow the social codes that let human beings coexist in harmony. Such moral lessons may not mean much to a robot, but a team of researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology believes it has found a way to use the fairy tales as moral lessons that AI (artificial intelligence) can take to its cold, mechanical heart.The collected stories of different cultures teach children how to behave in socially acceptable ways with examples of proper and improper behavior in fables, novels and other literature. We believe story comprehension in robots can prevent the intelligent robots from killing humanity which was predicted and feared by some of the biggest names in technology including Stephen Hawking and Bill Gates. This system is called “Quixote” (堂吉诃德). It collects story plotsfrom the Internet and then uses those stories to teach robots how to behave.The experiment done by the designers involves going to a drugstore to purchase some medicine for a human who needs to get it as soon as possible. The robot has three options. It can wait in line; it can interact with the store keeper politely and purchase the medicine with priority; or it can steal the medicine and escape. Without any further directives(指令), the robot will come to the conclusion that the most efficient means of obtaining the medicine is to steal it. But Quixote offers a reward for waiting in line and politely purchasing the medicine and a punishment for stealing it. In this way, the robotwill learn the moral way to behave on that occasion.Quixote would work best on a robot that has a very limited function. It’s a baby step in the direction of teaching more moral lessons into robots. We believe that AI has to be trained to adopt the values of a particular society, and in doing so, it will strive to avoid unacceptable behavior. Giving robots the ability to read and understand our stories may be the most efficient means.12. What function do fairy tales perform in the robots?A. They entertain robots.B. They highlight dangers.C. They make robots more intelligent.D. They enable robots to behave morally.13. What is “Quixote” in the text?A. A punishment systemB. A character in literatureC. A big name in technologyD. A software educating robots.14. What does the designer expect robot to do in the experiment?A. To take advantage of its privilege.B. To finish the task most efficiently.C. To perform in a good mannered way.D. To be rewarded by the storekeeper115. Which of the follow can bestexpress the author’s opinion?A. Robots will definitely have more functions.B. Robots with human’s emotions are perfect.C. Training robots to be socially acceptable is necessary.D. The development of robots is still in a baby step.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海市建平中学高三英语下学期期中试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAre you looking for somewhere special to go this weekend? Do you want to try something new?Check out one of these hot new restaurants.Fast BestFast food doesn't have to be junk food, as this café proves. Do you fancy a really good hamburger made with the best ingredients, or old-fashioned fish and chips fried to perfection, all on the table in super-quick time? Speed and quality are important here, and the prices aren't bad either.Your Local Caff (小餐馆)Remember when cafés served full English breakfasts—sausages, beans, fried bread, bacon and eggs—with a strong cup of tea? Well, this place still does and you can have your breakfast at any time you like during the day while you listen to your favourite tunes from the 1980s.Last Days of the RajA centrally located Indian restaurant, perfect for eating before or after the cinema or a show. In summer enjoy your meal in the beautiful garden. The most popular dishes are lamb and chicken cooked with mild, medium or hot spices. For brave customers there is extra hot!The Chocolate BoxThe owner of this small café used to cook all kinds of food, but then she realised she preferred desserts to anything else. If you want meat or fish, don't come here. They only do desserts! Lots of different kinds of sweets. Chocolate lovers will be excited by the range of chocolate cakes.1.Fast Best suits a person ______.A.who has a sweet toothB.who loves spicy foodC.who wants to have good breakfastD.who gets 30 minutes off for lunch2.Which is true about Last Days of the Raj?A.You can listen to great music in it.B.It serves hot food with pepper.C.It serves an all-day breakfast.D.It is prefect for vegetarians.3.Which restaurant serves only desserts and sweets?A.Fast Best.B.Your Local Caff.st Days of the Raj.D.The Chocolate Box.BThe idea came to him when he least expected it. Alvin Irby was at a barbershop when he saw one of his former students sitting in the shop with a bored look on his face. That’s when Irby realized that by pairing barbershops and books, he might be able to inspire young boys to read.Alvin Irby, a former kindergarten and first-grade teacher, knows how important it is for young children to read. He also knows that young boys in particular often don’t have adult male role models who inspire them to read. “Many young boys may literally never see a man reading in school during the years when they’re learning to read because there are so few male elementary school teachers,” Irby toldMashable.That’s where the barbershops come in. Four years ago, Irby launched Barbershop Books as a way to not just get books into the hands of young boys, but also to create community reading spaces in a place where kids go frequently. Since itsinceptionin 2013, the program has created kid-friendly reading spaces in 50 barbershops in 12 states throughout the United States.Irby isn’t the first person to see the connection between barbershops and books and boys. Hair stylist Courtney Holmes, launched a program a few years ago offering free haircuts to kids as long as they read to him while he cuts their hair.That’s the kind of environment that Irby wants to promote with his program. The reading spaces created by Barbershop Books help to spark an interest in books by showing kids that reading is about more than just spelling and vocabulary skills, it’s about making reading a low-stress activity that can help them relax, laugh and have fun.“Our belief is that if we can create positive reading experiences early and often for young boys, then they will choose to read for fun,” Irby noted, adding, “This is really what Barbershop Books is about, getting young boys to say three words: I’m a reader.”4. What happened to Alvin when he was at a barbershop?A. He found it easy for young people to get bored.B. He offered a barbershop to his former student.C. He thought of a way to encourage young readers.D. He realized the importance of reading for young boys.5. What is the function of Barbershop Books?A. To attract more customers who love films.B. To provide free haircuts to book lovers.C. To show the influence of reading on children.D. To create a reading environment fbr children.6. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. reading is a low-stress activity that is relaxingB. Barbershop Books is only suitable for young boysC. Irby attaches great importance to school educationD. Barbershop Books can arouse (引起) young people’s interest in reading7. What does the underlined word “inception” in the 3rdparagraph mean?A. discovery.B. success.C. popularity.D. beginning.CClara Daly was seated on an Alaska Airlines flight from Boston to Los Angeles when a flight attendant asked an urgent(紧急的) question over the loudspeaker: “Does anyone on board know American Body Language?” She knew she needed to help.Clara, 15 at the time, pressed the call button. The flight attendant came by and explained the situation. “We have a passenger on the plane who’s blind and deaf,” she said. The passenger seemed to want something, but he was traveling alone and the flight attendants couldn’t understand what he needed, according to PEOPLE magazine.Clara had been studying ASL for the past year to help with her dyslexia (阅读障碍) and knew she’d be able to spell on the man’s palm(手掌) by finger. So she unbuckled her seat belt, walked toward the front of the plane, and knelt by the aisle seat of Tim Cook, then 64. Gently taking his hand, she wrote, “How are you? Are you OK?” Cook asked for some water. When it arrived, Clara returned to her seat. She came by again a bit later because he wanted to know the time. On her third visit, she stopped and stayed for a while.“He didn’t need anything. He was lonely and wanted to talk,” Clara said. So for the next hour, that was what they did. She talked about her family and her plans for the future (she wants to be a politician). Cook told Clara how he had gradually become blind over time and shared stories of his days as a traveling salesman. Even though he couldn’t see her, she “looked attentively at his face with such kindness”, a passenger reported.“Clara was amazing,” a flight attendant told Alaska Airlines in a blog interview. “You could tell Cook was very excited to have someone he could speak to, and she was such a warm-hearted girl.” Cook’s reaction: “Best trip I’ve ever had.”Looking for ways to offer help? Start with this random(随时的) act of kindness that can change someone’s life right now.8. The flight attendant asked an urgent question because ________.A. the passenger was traveling aloneB. the plane was in a dangerous situationC. the passenger asked for something suddenlyD. none of the flight attendants could communicate with the passenger9. Why did Clara talk about her plans for the future?A. Because the flight attendant asked her to do so.B. Because she needed topics to go on talking with Cook.C. Because Cook hoped to understand teenagers better.D. Because she wanted to show her dream for the future.10. Which of the following words can best describe Clara?A. Kind and caring.B. Warm-hearted and brave.C. careful and calm.D. opened-minded and confident.11. The passage is mainly written to ________.A. tell a touching story of an amazing girlB. show the great importance of American Body LanguageC. encourage readers to give a hand kindly and randomlyD. show how kind the flight attendant was to help CookDThere is no such thing as a “safe" level of drinking, with increased consumption of alcohol associated with poorer brain health, according to a new study.In an observational study, which has not yet been peer-reviewed, researchers from the University of Oxford studied the relationship between the self-reported alcohol intake of some 25,000 people in the UK, and their brain scans. The researchers noted that drinking had an effect on the brain's gray matter-regions in the brain that make up "important bits where information is processed," according to leadauthor Anya Topiwala, a senior clinical researcher at Oxford.“The more people drank, the less the volume of their gray matter,“ Topiwala said via email. "Brain volume reduces with age and more severely with dementia(痴呆症).Smaller brain volume also predicts worse performance on memory testing,“ she explained. "While alcohol only made a small contribution to this(0. 8%), it was a greater contribution than other "modifiable" risk factors," she said, explaining that modifiable risk factors are “ ones you can do something about, in contrast to aging.”The team also investigated whether certain drinking patterns, beverage types and other health conditions made a difference to the impact of alcohol on brain health. They found that there was no "safe" level of drinking-meaning that consuming any amount of alcohol was worse than not drinking it. They also found no evidence that the type of drink— such as wine, spirits or beer—affected the harm done to the brain. However, certain characteristics, such as high blood pressure, obesity or binge-drinking, could put people at higher risk, researchers added.The risks of alcohol have long been known：Previous studies have found that there's no amount of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for your overall health. Alcohol was the leading risk factor for disease and premature death in men and women between the ages of 15 and 49 worldwide in 2016, accounting for nearly one in 10 deaths, according to a study published in The Lancet in 2018.“It has been known for decades that heavy drinking is bad for brain health," Sadie Boniface, head of research at the UK's Institute of Alcohol Studies, said via email. "We also shouldn't forget alcohol affects all parts of the body and there are multiple health risks. ”12. What is the function of gray matter?A. Control the mount of alcoholB. Process informationC. Scan the brainD. Predict the performance on memory13. Which is NOT true in the following statements according to the study?A. Drinking alcohol is worse than not drinking.B. With people getting older, brain volume reduces.C. Alcohol was the major risk factor for disease and premature death.D. The less people drink alcohol, the more the volume of their gray matter.14. Which is one of the "modifiable" risk factors?A. SmokingB. AgingC. DeathD. Disease15. What is the main idea of the text?A. The mount of alcohol is not related to people's health.B. People drinking alcohol do harm to their brain health.C. People drinking alcohol lead to dementia.D. Theresa great deal of liquor, wine or beer that is safe for health.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019-2020学年上海市建平世纪中学高三英语第四次联考试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AAmid the coronavirus outbreak, the U. S. Department of Homeland Security recommends having at least a two - week supply of water and food.PotatoesShelf life：2 to 5 weeks if stored in a cool, dry, dark placeYukon Gold, red, and fingerling potatoeswill last from two to three weeks. Larger white potatoes can last for three to five weeks. Sweet potatoes have about the same shelf life. Don't store them next to onions, however. The two might go together well in cooking, but raw, each gives off gases and moisture that might cause the other to spoil faster.Tea※Shelf life：6 to 12 months past "sell - by" dateDried tea leaves, whether loose (in a sealed container) or in teabags (in an unopened box) can easily last a year or more if they' re not subjected to damp or humidity. However, the tea does tend to lose flavor over time.Peanuts● Shelf life：1 to 2 monthsPeanuts in their shell, especially when kept cool and dry, are perfectly happy in the cupboard for as long as two months.Canned fruits and vegetables● Shelf life：1 to 2 years past "sell - by” dateCanning is an extremely efficient means of preserving food. Generally speaking, if canned foods aren't subjected to extreme heat, their contents should stay good for two years or more. Be aware, however, of dented cans or those with swollen tops, which may indicate the presence of bacteria inside.1. Which can go bad faster if stored with onions?A. Potatoes.B. Tea.C. Peanuts.D. Canned fruits and vegetables.2. What is special about tea?A. The flavor of tea can always remain the same.B. Tea leaves are better to be preserved in an open jar.C. Tea leaves should be kept away from the state of being wet.D. The maximum length of time that tea can be stored is 6 months.3. What may shorten the "sell - by” date of canned foods ?A. Shapes of cans.B. Categories of foods.C. Decline of the temperature.D. Exposure to high temperature.BSome years ago I was offered a writing assignment that would require three months of travel through Europe.I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent. Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was limited to a little college French.I hesitated. How would I, unable to speak the language, totally unfamiliar with local geography or transportation system？It seemed impossible, and with considerable regret. Suddenly a thought ran through my mind: you can't learn if you don't try. So I accepted the assignment.There were some bad moments. But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveler. And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote of places, without guides or even advanced bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that the new, along with the different, is almost scary by definition. But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning piles up, the world opens to you.I've learned to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon. And I know I'll go on doing such things. It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others. I'm not. But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can accomplish wonders.4. The author accepted the assignment because_________.A. he had never travelled abroad beforeB. he hardly knew any foreign languagesC. he was familiar with any other country in EuropeD. he would learn something new and different by trying5. Which of the following statements is TRUE？A. The author had been abroad only twice.B. The author thought the trip was hard but worthwhile.C. The author admitted that anything different was terrible.D. The author must be good at doing research and making interviews.6. We can infer from the text that the author is_______.A. awkwardB. generousC. stubbornD. brave7. What's the best title of the text？A. An Interesting Trip AbroadB. My First Writing AssignmentC. Ready to Try and ChallengeD. How to Be Daring and Brave.CFor years, Zach Ault, a father of three, enjoyed being physically active. He was even training for a half-marathon. But in 2017, he took time off to recover from an infection. After recovering, he tried to continue his runs but could not complete them. He was not able to spend time with his children. He had to cut back his job. Even sleeping as much as 16 hours a day made no difference in his condition.“His body had literally hijacked him and it wasn't going to allow him to push through, ” said Anne Ault, his wife. After months of testing, doctors announced their result-chronic fatigue syndrome, a disease that makes an individual feel extremely tired.This fatigue lasts more than six months and becomes worse after any kind of physical exertion (费力活动). Patients may have difficulty standing upright. They also may have trouble thinking, often described as a “brain fog”. There are no approvedtreatments, or even tests to help with diagnosis. There is no way to predict who will recover and who will have a severe case that lasts for years.Now the doctors at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) are conducting a unique study to learn more about the condition. Zach Ault is one of the subjects in the study. When Ault rides an exercise bicycle, scientists measure how his leg muscles use oxygen. Afterward, doctors fit a special cap on Ault's head to measure electrical activity in his brain. They then send him to spend the night in an air-tight room where air has been removed with pipe for additional study. Scientists measure oxygen and carbon dioxide levels to tell how much energy Ault is using, minute by minute. “We're figuring out how his body adjusts to an exercise load, or a stress load.”“It's hard not knowing if or when I'm going to recover, ” he said. But Ault says the study did help him learn about the disease. And it gave him ideas about how to save up his energy.8. What was Zach Ault's life like before 2017?A. He was fond of exercising.B. He won several half-marathons.C. He spent much time lying in bed.D. He was busy looking after his children.9. How did the infection affect Zach Ault?A. He lost his job.B. He was unable to sleep.C. He became too weak to do sports.D. He was tired of running a half-marathon.10. What can we learn about chronic fatigue syndrome?A. It usually lasts no more than months.B. It is likely to cause thinking disorders.C. Patients with it need to stay in bed all day long.D. Patients with it should avoid any kind of exercise.11. What does Zach Ault think of the study?A. It helped him cure his illness.B. It helped him recover and stay fit.C. It taught him how to enjoy cycling.D. It brought him new ideas about fighting diseases.DBrain cells work to actively forget memories during a specific period of sleep. When we sleep our brains clear out the memories we’ve made while we’re awake, deciding what to keep and what to get rid of. Forgetting is an active process, explained the authors of the study published in the journal Science. But less is known about this process during the different periods of sleep.They found that during the rapid eye movement (REM ) sleep period — or active sleep when we are thought to dream — special nerve cells appear to actively contribute to forgetting. What are known as melanin-concentrating hormone-producing (MCH) neurons (神经元) sit in the hypothalamus (下丘脑): a part of the brain which helps with a range of functions such as sleep, appetite and emotions. Past research has suggested these cells help to control REM sleep patterns: activating the MCH neurons increasing time spentin this period, while preventingthemreducing changes into this period.The scientists looked at MCH cells in mice, and found 52.8 percent were active during REM sleep, compared with 35 percent when the mice were awake. Study co-author Thomas Kilduff, director of the Center for Neuroscience at SRI International, told Newsweek the team was surprised to find that mice performed better on learning and memory tasks when the MCH cells were prevented. “This result suggests that activation of the MCH neurons may affect memory — that is, MCH neurons may facilitate forgetting,” Kilduff explained.When asked what motivated the study, Kilduff said, “We hope the work could deepen our understanding of Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding the neural basis of learning and memory is a huge area of neuroscience research because of its effects on our everyday lives, as well as diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Prior to thiswork, no one suspected that MCH neurons had anything to do with forgetting,” said Kilduff.12. What can we infer from paragraph 1?A. Forgetting is a passive process.B. The forgetting process is known to us.C. Some memories are forgotten while we are awake.D. Certain memories are removed while we are asleep.13. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2 refer to?A. REM sleep patterns.B. Past researches.C. MCH neurons.D. A range of functions.14. Why did Kilduff’s team conduct the research?A. To publish the study in the journal Science.B. To know more about Alzheimer’s disease.C. To contribute to human’s forgetting.D. To explore our everyday lives.15. What can we know about MCH?A. MCH cells takes control of REM sleep patterns .B. MCH neurons may disturb memory consolidation.C. MCH neurons have nothing to do with forgetting.D. MCH cells help mice performing better on learning.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

2019学年建平中学高三英语质量检测I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.e a ladder to help her reach the cup. B.See a doctor about her shoulder.C.Put the cup on a lower shelf.D.Buy a new cupboard.2. A. He has already called Harry. B. Harry knows most of the facts.C. He needs to talk to Harry soon.D. Harry doesn’t have a telephone.3.A.The new doctor lacks experience.B.She disagrees with what the man said.C.The man had better talk with the patients first.D.Patients usually cannot offer a fair evaluation.4. A. Take the man to the station. B. Look after the man’s things.C. Find out when the next bus leaves.D. Show the man the way to the station.5.A.He was good at fixing up bookshelves. B.He helped James build up the furniture.C.James helped him arrange the furniture.D.James helped him with some of the work.6. A. It’s difficult to take photographs indoors.B. The photo album is in the living room.C. Mary has lost the photo album.D. Mary is a good photographer.7. A. The job’s short hours make it impossible for her to refuse.1/ 22B. The job is turning into an excellent opportunity for her.C. She’s looking forward to meeting her new colleagues.D. She refused the position because of the low salary.8. A. He had to do what is necessary in order to learn.B. He doesn’t have to memorize all the vocabulary.C. He knows the whole vocabulary list already.D. He cannot learn much by just memorizing.9. A. It’s not the one he likes. B. He needs a smaller shirt.C. It doesn’t fit him very well.D. He hasn’t had time to try it on yet.10. A. The line for concert tickets is too busy. B. He’s too busy to go to the concert.C. Carl knows the concert is at eight.D. He hasn’t been able to reach Carl.Section B: Passages 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the longer conversation. The passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. In the 19th century. B. In about 1800s.C. In the 18th century.D. In about 2400 BC.12. A. The language used. B. The targeted readers.C. The reputation.D. The length.13. A. The evolution of self-study books.B. The importance of self-study books.C. The difference among self-study books.D. The famous writers of self-study books.2/ 22Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The reasons railroad regulations in the U.S.A were changed.B. The safety record of the railroad industry in the U.S.A.C. The financing of railroad construction in the U.S.A.D. The evolution of the railroad industry in the U.S.A.15. A. Safety problems with railroad tracks.B. The growth of the automotive industry.C. The use of oversized freight containers.D. The high cost of meeting various regulations.16. A. It causes less air pollution than other means of transport.B. Its competitors are less considerate of customers.C. It creates great personal fortunes for investors.D. Its business is kept in a traditional way.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following longer conversation.17. A. To earn money for her tuition.B. To make her dream come true.C. To make preparations for her future job.D. To ensure that she has time for acting work.18. A. Serious. B. Funny. C. Experienced. D. Demanding.19. A. It involves many theories. B. He must get an advanced camera.C. He hasn’t learned physics before.D. It occupies much of his spare time.20. A. He is more willing to do something. B. He has stopped working late.C. He can go to sleep early.D. He feels more relaxed.3/ 22II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Back to School ReformFor schools in the New York City, this school year was met by a particular reform issue. It began in June of 2018, when, as part of an effort to fight the enduring problem of segregation(种族隔离), Mayor Bill de Blasio announced his intention (21) __________the testing requirement should be discontinued for admission to the city’s eight selective “élite” high schools. Then, late last month, the Advisory Group released a report (22) __________ (suggest) that the city rethink its entire approach (23) __________ identifying and educating high-achieving children. More accurately, it recommended replacing the gifted-and-talented programs with new initiatives (24) ___________challenge premature children without relying on a test or academic tracking. However, Asian-American parents fearing that the proposed change (25) __________(disadvantage) their children filed a lawsuit to block it.Testing holds great attraction (26) _________ it is neutral, indifferent to a student’s background and wealth. But this is not (27) __________the current system functions. Success is closely related to socioeconomic advantages and access to test preparation. For example, Asian-American students tend (28) _________(rate) lower on the most subjective parts of college admissions evaluations.It’s not clear what the result of the current debate will be. One thing, however, is certain: the competition for places at New York’s élite schools (29) __________(drive), in part, by a lack of faith in the quality of education in other parts of the system. Also, it is seen as a conflict between different social groups fighting for a system in which their children are (30) ________(likely) to be restricted by discrimination.Section BDirections: Fill in each blanks with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Danger of Sharenting4/ 22For the vast majority of people, checking social media involves a mix of expectation and curiosity. The app feeds on a collective ____31____ that we are missing out on something, whether it’s a fabulous party, a pop-up sale, or the mere concept of vacation. But the same dynamic doesn’t quite ____32____ to parents sharing pictures of their young children online. There certainly may be an element of proud boasting: “Admire my little son’s taste in jazz,” etc. But these carefully chosen photos often do little more than help parents escape from a harsh day _____33_____. The isolation of parenthood delivers one to strange places, and you need your tribe. Sharing images on social media makes the experience ____34____, connecting one to a larger world.In his new book Why We Should Think Before We Talk About Our Kids Online, Leah Plunkett, a Harvard psychology professor, argues that “sharenting” happens when an adult transmits private details about a child via digital channels. It ____35_____ a child’s entry into “digital life.” Studies estimate that by 2030 nearly two-thirds of identity-fraud cases affecting today’s children will have been caused by sharenting.For Plunkett, there are a couple of reasons to be concerned about sharenting. On a philosophical level, sharenting exposes children to the larger digital world without their permission, ____36_____ them of a kind of privacy. This feeds into Plunkett’s second, much broader concern. The _____37_____ problem with sharenting is the same with many adult-world privacy issues: the bargain we have made in exchange for these services is that we surrender our data and choose not to imagine the worst-case scenarios. Could things that parents post about children produce real-world ____38_____, in terms of bullying, professional reputation, or future prospects? Today, long before children take their first step, their digital data already travels to “thousands, likely tens of thousands, of human and machine users.” How long will it be until someone ___39_____ the power to predict who a child will become as an adult based on these data points?Plunkett’s concerns made parents reconsider their choices. In the end, Plunkett’s advice is to “make more mindful choices” about digital lives though parenthood is often so ____40____ vague that mindfulness seems impossible.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Last Robot-Proof Job in America?You can get most food, such as warm cookies or vodka, to your doorstep in minutes. But try getting a red snapper (红鲷鱼). Until recently, if you could obtain it, it would likely have been pre-frozen and shipped in from overseas.A new tech startup is aiming to _____41_____this situation. Based inside the Fulton Fish Market, a seafood wholesale market, the startup, called , allows customers across the whole country, both restaurants and individuals, to buy from the market. The fish is shipped _____42_____, rather than frozen, thanks to5/ 22an Amazon advanced logistics system. Mike Spindler, the company’s C.E.O., said recently, “I can get a fish to Warren Buffett, that’s as fresh as if he’d walked down to the pier (码头) and bought it that morning.”There is one thing, _____43_____, that the sophisticated logistics system cannot do: pick out a fish. If Warren Buffett orders a red snapper, the company needs to _____44_____ that his fish is actually red snapper, and not some other. According to the ocean-conservation organization, more than 20% of the seafood in restaurants and grocery stores in America is ____45_____. For this task, the company has employed Robert DiGregorio, a forty-seven-year veteran of the business, who possesses a blend of judgement and ____46_____ knowledge that, so far, computers have yet to replicate.“_____47____ the food-safety stuff, our business could be any market from the last three thousand years of human history,” Spindler told me. He is experienced in the ____48_____ business. When he arrived at the fish market in 2014, people were cautious. “They thought selling fish on the Internet was_____49____.” DiGregorio said, speaking for the fishmongers(鱼贩). “They didn’t see how it could possibly work.” Five years ago, DeGregorio didn’t know how to use a computer, but when the Web-site people arrived at the market, he sensed an opportunity. Together, they’ve created a human-machine fish-buying operation.By 1 a.m. each night, the company collects ____50____ from around the country and sends them to DiGregorio. He heads into the market, carrying his tablet computer. The company’s algorithms（算法）_____51____ data on their sources and can tell DiGregorio, for example, which stall to go to get the best tuna (金枪鱼). The computer is a “learning system,”, so if DiGregorio makes a choice it didn’t ____52_____, it asks,“Was the fish not available? Was it damaged?” All that information is fed back in for next time.Then, what can a fishmonger see that a computer can’t? DeGregorio showed me his part of the _____53____ process. “I’m assessing a few things,” he said. First, _____54____. Fish should have “nice” slime(粘液). Then, smell. He sniffed the air above the box. “when fish goes bad, it smells like ammonia.” Besides, to get the best stuff, “Fishmongers have to have a relationship with you. To trust you.” He added.Is he ever ____55____being replaced by the learning system of computers? DiGregorio shrugged. “By the time they invent a computer that can do what I can do,” he said, “I’ll be dead.”41. A. maintain B. remedy C. substitute D. recognize42. A. free B. overseas C. separate D. fresh43. A. therefore B. otherwise C. however D. thus44. A. ensure B. propose C concede D. remind45. A. overpriced B. misidentified C. displaced D. modified46. A. computer B. cuisine C. fish D. marketing6/ 2247. A. Rather than B. Thanks to C. Except for D. Prior to48. A. fund-raising B. online-grocery C. fish-selling D. non-profit49. A. significant B. worthy C. responsible D. ridiculous50. A. sales B. orders C. alternatives D. statistics51. A. analyze B. supply C. prioritize D. feed52. A. require B. process C. predict D. value53. A. calculation B. decoding C. correction D. selection54. A. smash B. touch C. wipe D. roll55. A. concerned about B. eager forC. delighted withD. capable ofSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)On the morning of 19 April 1966, a hooded figure was hiding in the bushes near the start line of the Boston Marathon. When the gun went off to start the race, the mysterious person allowed the faster competitors to pass before joining the main group of runners. It wasn’t long before the others noticed that their new companion was a woman.The infiltrator(渗入者) was 23-year-old graduate Roberta ’Bobbi’ Gibb, an experienced runner who had had her application to run denied on the grounds that the Boston Marathon was a Men’s Division race only. Her rejection letter categorically stated: Women aren’t allowed and furthermore are not physiologically able. Having run up to 30 miles a day nearly every day for the two years leading up to the race, Gibb knew that this was not true. She decided it was time attitudes towards women changed, and bought a bus ticket to Boston.Contrary to her father’s fears that she would get hurt in the race, Gibb’s male counterparts showed her nothing but kindness. Once reporters got wind of her participation, the radio began broadcasting news of her progress. Encouraged by adrenalin and the delighted spectators, Gibb was heading for an under three-hour time for the best7/ 22part of the course, but then she began running out of steam. Starved of food and water, her legs began to falter, and her feet became almost too painful to run on. If she hadn’t known that dropping out would have set women’s running back 20 or 30 years, she may not have completed the course. However, the cheering crowds on the last leg of the course succeeded in lifting her spirits, and she sprinted to the finish in a very respectable time of just under three hours and 22 minutes.On finishing the race, Gibb was treated as a hero: she was met by the governor of Massachusetts, her parents were interviewed, newspapers ran articles on her and she was invited to a TV game show. More importantly for her, she had broken the stereotype that women didn’t run marathons. She began getting calls from inspired women who had taken up running themselves, and in 1967 a second female runner competed in the Boston Marathon alongside Gibb. The following year there were five female entrants, and by 1972, the rules had been changed to allow women to compete in all US marathons. However, by then, if you had asked anyone who was the first woman to run the Boston Marathon, they would have given you a completely different name: Kathy Switzer.Twenty-year-old journalist Kathrine Switzer shot to fame after competing against Gibb in the 1967 Boston Marathon. On discovering Switzer had entered the race by pretending to be a man, race director Jock Semple tried to physically remove her, and it was this image of Switzer being attacked while running that stuck in people’s minds. Switzer continued running, finishing second in the 1975 Boston Marathon. Moreover, she became a successful media personality. It took Gibb decade of writing letters to magazines, TV stations and book publishers to set the record straight. But in the end, she succeeded in gaining her due recognition and was retroactively awarded first-place medals for her 1966, 1967 and 1968 races.56.The woman is hiding in the bushes __________.A.to cheer on the best participantsB. so as not to be seen at the starting line.C. in order to watch the race unfoldD. so that she has a better view of the field57. What ultimately drove Gibb to finish the race?A. She didn’t want her plan to backfire(发生意外).B. She wanted her parents to be proud of her.C. She wasn’t willing to disappoint the crowd.D. She couldn’t take the shame of failure.8/ 2258. What does the writer mean when he describes Gibb’s running time as ’respectable’?A. He thinks she could have done better.B. He considers it a standard to aim at.C. He regards it as a good time.D. He can’t believe she ran so well.59. What does the reader discover about Gibb in the fourth paragraph?A. Her reputation grew as the years went by.B. She was corrupted by fame.C. She became a household name.D. Her glory was short-lived9/ 22(B)60.When you find a gift in a geocache, you _________.A.make a note of the gift on the website.B.can borrow the gift, but have to return it.C.are allowed to take the gift if you replace it with something else.D.take a photo of the gift as proof that you have found it10/ 2261.The writer thinks that the most enjoyable kind of geocaching is when _______.A.you have to find a public webcam.B.you have to find a series of geocaches.C.you have to find a geocache and then hide it in a different place.D.you simply have to find one geocache.62. The writer has written the blog mainly to _________.A. suggest that people try geocaching.B. publicise a geocaching event in Sweden.C. warn the reader that geocaching is addictive.D. explain the differences between letterboxing and geocaching.(C)The Occupy Wall Street protest movement has raised serious questions about the role of capitalist institutions, particularly corporations in American society. Well before the first protester set foot in Zucotti Park, a heckler(扰乱分子) urged Mitt Romney to tax corporations rather than people. Romney’s response-- “Corporations are people” stirred a brief but intense controversy. Now thousands of demonstrators have in effect joined the heckler, denouncing(抨击) corporations as “enemies of the people.”Far more important than questions about what corporations are is the question of what attitude we should have toward them. Should we, as corporate public relations statements often suggest, think of them as friends (if we buy and are satisfied with their products) or as family (if we work for them)? Does it make sense to be loyal to a corporation as either a customer or as an employee？More generally, even granted that corporations are not fully persons in the way that individuals are, do they have some important moral standing in our society？My answer to all these questions is no, because corporations have no core dedication to fundamental human values. Such corporations exist as instruments of profit for their shareholders. In fact, left to themselves, they can be serious threats to human values that conflict with the goal of corporate profit. Corporations are a particular threat to truth, a value essential in a democracy, which places a premium on the informed decisions of individual citizens. The corporate threat is most apparent in advertising, which explicitly aims at convincing us to prefer a product regardless of its actual merit. Their defining goal is to generate profit. There are cases when telling the truth is the best means11/ 22to advance corporate profits. In 1982, when seven people in Chicago died from poisoned Tylenol, Johnson & Johnson appealed to its credo, which makes concern for its customers primary corporate goal，and told the entire truth about what had happened. This honesty turned a potential public-relations disaster into a triumph. But Johnson & Johnson’s impressive corporate credo ends by saying, “Our final responsibility is to our stockholders and must make solid profit. The credo is unclear about what happens when there is a conflict between responsible action and long-term profit.None of this means that corporations are evil or that socialism should replace the free-enterprise system. As Michel Foucault said of all power structures, it’s not that corporations are bad but that they are dangerous. The self-serving corporate speech that fills our media and halls of government is particularly dangerous for our democracy. At least for this reason, the Occupy Wall Street protesters are right to distrust corporations.63. Mitt Romney most probably believes that ___________.A. individuals should pay more taxes than corporationsB. corporations should not be forced to pay more taxesC. people should care more about corporations’ developmentD. corporations should enjoy all the legal rights as people do64. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, it can be inferred that corporations ___________.A. should be set as moral examples of the societyB. take employees’ faithfulness as part of their goalsC.contribute little to the most essential human valuesD.are actually means by which people share profits65. The 1982 event is cited in Paragraph 3 to illustrate that _____________A. corporations always make profits at the expense of people’s healthB. customers should always keep an eye on the quality of any productC. corporations take economic profit as their priority essentiallyD. corporation profit is always in contradiction with customer interests12/ 2266. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A.Corporations, People and TruthB.Corporations Are Different from PeopleC.Corporations Are UntrustworthyD.The Occupy Wall Street ProtestSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A Different Type of Phone BookAlthough books are still popular with teenagers, most of them spend more of their leisure time staring at their phone than reading a paperback. And the more versatile phones become, the more reasons young people have for looking at them. 67. _______ Instead of publishing whole book at once, they produce very short chapters, which they send once a week to their readers by text message. Some even claim that this style of writing represents a new literary genre: the ‘cell phone novel’.Although the idea originated in Japan, cell phone novels have also sprung up in the rest of East Asia, Europe and Africa. Many are written by high school or university students who are very familiar with the topics that teenagers are interested in. Common themes are love, tragedy and betrayal, and the stories often deal with difficult or13/ 22controversial issues. Twenty-one-year-old Rin said that she started her novel If You during her final year at high school and explained that was the tragic love story of two childhood friends.Rin wrote her novel over a six-month period in spare moments, often while commuting on the train. 68. __________Readers then voted her novel the best that year and she was offered book contract. Her book sold 40,000 copies and was number five in the Japanese bestseller list. Rin said that her mother had had no idea that she had been writing a novel and was therefore very surprised when she saw a book with her daughter’s name on it.The style of cell phone novels has evolved to suit the medium. Chapters have no more than 200 words, and often just 50-100 words. 69. __________ The text mostly consists of dialogue and the language is direct, conveying a lot in a few words. Many cell phone novelists had never written fiction before and many of their readers have never read normal novel. Other rules have evolved; for example, authors only have one name and that is a pseudonym or pen name.In 2009, a young Japanese writer called Takatsu, who lives in Canada, began writing the first English language cell phone novel, Secondhand Memories. Each instalment appeared on , a website dedicated to cell phone stories. Takatsu had read an English translation of Rin’s story If You and had been impressed by its simple and emotional language. It was a feature he deliberately copied when he started writing Secondhand Memories. 70. ___________ He now believes that, in English, cell phone novels have a powerful and poetic identity of their own. Takatsu sees himself, and the other writers who contribute to , as part of a literary movement which blends drama, technology, pop culture and social media. Cell phone novels encourage young people to engage in fiction, even those who would not normally pick up a book. They could be described as teen novels for the 21st century.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.71. Early Adopters Fall into a Costly TrapBeing among the first to try out a new piece of technology is cool. When you’re the only member of your social circle with the latest hot device, people stare in fascination. However, people tend to underestimate the costs of this temporary coolness, which they pay in more ways. Frankly speaking, early adoption is a bad investment. The earliest versions of devices are not only expensive, they are also the most expensive that those devices will ever be. Companies are attempting to recover the cost of production as fast as they can, and once the profits from early adopters’ purchases are safely in their hands, they can cut the price and shift to the next marketing stage: selling the product to everyone else. This is why the cost of the original iPhone dropped about $200 only eight months after its14/ 22release.Those who are first to leap into a new technology also risk wasting money and time on something that will never catch on. In 2006, HD DVDs, a new format for video, entered the market. A few eager consumers bought HD DVD players that were discontinued in early 2008. The early adopters were then stuck with pricey devices that just sat on their shelves collecting dust.Another good reason to resist the early adoption temptation is that the first version of a product typically has imperfections. For example, when Microsoft’s game machine, Xbox One, was first released in 2013, users immediately began to complain of problems. Devoted gamers worked to find and share solutions to these issues. Such problems are so common with new technology that early adopters are basically unpaid testers.So don’t join the first wave of consumers who invest in the latest version of device; instead, wait and see.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 每个人都应该为慈善出一份力，这无关地位和财富。