▪ (2)-al , -ful, -less, -ish , -ly, -y, -ary (用于名词 后)
▪ 例如:natural, national, additional, powerful, faithful, careful, careless, hopeless, helpless, childish, selfish, friendly, motherly, thirsty, noisy, secondary, imaginary, revolutionary
▪ (3) 其它名词后缀 ▪ -age, -ing (用于动词后) ▪ 例如:courage, storage, marriage , building, learning,
writing ▪ -dom (用于形容词或名词后) ▪ 例如:freedom, kingdom, wisdom ▪ -hood (用于名词后) ▪ 例如:childhood, fatherhood, manhood, neighborhood ▪ -en (用于表示材料的名词后) ▪ 例如:wooden, golden
▪ (2) -ment , -ance/ence, -ure, -ation/sion, -al (用于动词 后) , -ity, -th, -ty,-ness (用于形容词后), -ship (用于名词 后) 构成表示行为, 性质, 状态的抽象名词
▪ 例如:development, equipment, judgment , acceptance, confidence, difference, independence, failure, pressure, decision, preparation, translation, information, abbreviation, regulation recommendation, organization, operation, participation, conversation, globalization, innovation, expectation. refusal, arrival, survival, proposal, ability, reality, unity, length, truth, wealth, width, warmth, safety, darkness, kindness, friendship, scholarship, leadership, membership, hardship