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高考高中英语阅读理解长难句分析+重点词汇用法长难句1：It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. 译文：对他们来说，学会使用语言思考比了解每个单词的含义更重要。
长难句2: Whaley recalls how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.译文：Whaley回想起年初的时候，当要Chris朗读时，他就找借口要去卫生间。
分析：when calledupon toread句中省略了he was。
点拨：call upon sb to do sth:号召某人做某事excuse oneself :请求准予离开长难句3：Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart.译文：有一天，Whaley对孩子们说，如果他们认为自己永远不可能成为总统，就举手，孩子们的回答令他十分伤心，然后Whaley想到了这个二年级总统竞选活动。
分析：这个句子里有两个状语从句，分别是when引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句。
点拨：presidential campaign project:总统竞选活动break sb’s heart :使某人难过/ 心碎长难句4：It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. 译文：对他们来说，学会使用语言思考比了解每个单词的含义更重要。
难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高，无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂，它都由一些基本的成分组成的。
从结构来说，英语句子中，除了谓语之外，其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当.从句子本身是一个完整的句子，因此，从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌，也可能并列，平行。
从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即：①名词性从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句；②形容词性从句，即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句.非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态（过去分词除外），也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分，构成一个非谓语动词结构。
由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点，使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长.英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶，留主干。
1）划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句；2）划出所有介词短语（位于be动词后的除外）;3）名词性从句看作一个整体，找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;4) 非谓语动词结构看作一个整体;5）找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干；6）分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构。
长难句分析的步骤举例:经典例题（2001年考研完型填空第二段）In a significant tightening of legal controls over the press，Lord Irvine，the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a draft bill that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity that can be given to a case before a trial begins。
分析：第一，划出定语从句和状语从句：that will propose making payments to witnesses illegal and will strictly control the amount of publicity /that can be given to a case /before a trial begins。
高中英语长难句分析The company。
which had been struggling financially for years。
decided to lay off half of its employees。
who were devastated by the news。
although some were offered severance packages.这家公司多年来一直在财务上挣扎，决定解雇一半的员工，这些员工听到这个消息非常沮丧，尽管有些人被提供了遣散费。
这个复合句包含一个主句和两个从句，其中第一个从句是一个非限定性定语从句，修饰公司；第二个从句是一个让步状语从句，表明虽然有些员工被提供了遣散费，但其他员工仍然非常沮丧。
1、决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。
为了推销牙膏，经销商需要选择适合家庭观看的电视节目和妇女杂志。
但是，他们还需要精确挑选电视节目和电视台，以及具体的妇女杂志。
2、在20世纪70年代，他在XXX当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。
他在20世纪70年代是XXX的外科医生，有一位出色的妻子和五个漂亮的孩子，但是他当时非常不开心。
3、担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。
除了担心受到歧视，遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人几乎都会在中年时出现症状，医生却无法提供有效的治疗方法。
I cannot live in constant fear that our children will have tolead poorer XXX and we use more and more of our XXX.As parents of children in this age group。
长难句分析第一部分单句分析1、长难句拆分原则：把主句和从句拆分出来，把主干部分和修饰部分拆分出来。
2、五个拆分信号：①连词：并列句的并列连词and，or，but，yet，for；从句的从属连词which，that，when，if等。
②介词：引导介词短语，充当修饰语。
③不定式符号to：引导不定式做主语、宾语、表语、状语、定语和补语。
④分词：过去分词和现在分词充当修饰语。
⑤标点符号：或显或隐隔离主干——两个逗号或破折号形成插入语、破折号解释说明、分号两句并列。
插入语插入语通常是说话者对所表达意思的一种补充、强调、解释或者是说话人的一种态度。
它的位置比较灵活，常常会用逗号或者破折号和其他部分隔开，但是在语法上不会影响其他成分。
例1 _____the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.A. General speakingB. Speaking generalC. Generally speakingD. Speaking generally小结：许多分词短语可以用作插入语，这样的分词短语有：strictly speaking （严格地说），generally considering（一般认为），judging from……（根据……判断）等。
例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____，neither of them could swim.A. In factB. LuckilyC. UnfortunatelyD. Naturally小结：常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有：indeed（的确），surely（无疑），frankly（坦率地说），obviously（显然），naturally（天然地），luckily for sb.（算某人幸运），fortunately（幸好），briefly（简单地说）等。
阅读理解长难句分析一、复杂的并列句如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。
并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接，最常见的是and 和but。
有时，一个并列句中的一个（或更多）分句，可能包含有一个（或更多）从句，这种句子称为并列复合句。
并列连词：表并列：and or either….or neither…nor not only…but also both…and as well as表转折：but however yet nevertheless表因果关系：for so hence thereforeEg1: One of the women ,for instance,on leaving her house for work one morning threw her dog her earrings and tried to fix a dog biscuit in her ear.Eg2:A second language isn’t generally required to get a job in business,but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.Eg3:In order to grow,to travel new roads,people need to have a willingness to take risks, to confront the unknown ,and to accept the possibility that they may “fail”at first.Eg4: What the speaker was really saying is that he is no longer young; he has been teaching for sixteen years,and he is able to think and speak like a mature adult.Eg5:Shrinking landfill space, and rising costs for burying and burning rubbish are forcing local governments to look more closely at recycling.二、从句1、名词性从句I think English is very easy.That’s why I choose the Yale school.How the book will sell depends on its author。
新托福阅读长难句120句(分析+译文)1。
Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space。
(定语后置in some ways…)由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface分句3:the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures,分句1是分句3的原因状语分句3是整个长句子的主句分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans整个句子结构是：原因状语+主句+后置定语这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。
句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2。
Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解第一节：找谓语，定主语一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。
而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。
如Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment --- although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：ordered--he; (should) not be used ---federal--funds; hadwas opposed --he; proposed --- no one;asked--he (asked 前面有and, 说明 asked 与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义 asked应与ordered 并列 )。
这一句的主干为“he ordered... asked .... ”, “Declaring that... 作状”语。
句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
经典长难句必背汇总1、主从复合句When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what itsadvocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.[参考译文 ]当艺术上的一项新运动达到一定流行程度时， 最好先弄清该运动倡导者的目的， 因 为，无论他们的创作原则在今天看来多么牵强、 多么荒谬， 在未来这些理论有可能会被视为 正常的东西。
[结构分析 ]本句的主干是 it is advisable to findout... for... it is possible that... ，句首的 When 引导一个时间状语从句，句中的 for... it is possible... （ 至句末 ）是一个并列分句，表 示原因， 其中 for 后面的 however + 形容词 farfetched and unreasonable 引导状语从句， 表示让步。
在主干it is advisable to find out... 中，it 是形式主语，后面的不定式结构to find out what its advocates are aiming at是真正的主语。
2、并列句While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, yourexperience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.[参考译文 ]与你谈话时， 可能成为你未来老板的人会考虑你所受的教育、 你的经历和你的其他出来。
长难句分析长难句分析“两步法”[Step1:预处理]①找出谓语动词并用下划线标注；谓语动词即所有的非谓语动词，包括主句的谓语和从句的谓语②给“三长”加括号，“三长”包括从句，介词短语，非谓语动词；三大从句：名词性从句：、、、形容词性从句：副词性从句：注意：一旦出现下一修饰成分，就把上一修饰成分结束掉，不管上一修饰成分是否以及结束③给“并列词”加方框，给“并列项”加三角；并列词：and、or、but、as well as并列项：A和B例如：A...and B...注意：因为修饰成分往往出现在被修饰成分的后面，找并列项时先找B后找A，B往往是并列词的右边最近的单词；再通过B去寻找A，因为A和B往往满足“结构相似、含义相近”，通俗来讲就是A和B往往很像[Step2:做直译]对每个括号进行翻译注意：每个括号里的第一个单词都像是一个“挂钩”，可以利用每个挂钩提问和回答问题，将一个个括号连接起来[Step3:调语序]如果没有英翻汉的题型可以不去做这一步长难句分析练习1.First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the seventeenth century,the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem,and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique（巴黎综合理工学院）.成分简析：2.It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use Internet-connected computers,although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced,the printers start working overtime.That is,the growing demand for paper in recent years is largely due to the increased use of the Internet.成分简析：3.Perhaps the best sign of how computer and Internet use pushes up demand for paper comes from the high-tech industry itself,which sees printing as one of its most promising new market.成分简析：4.The action group has also found acceptable paper made from materials other than wood, such as agricultural waste.成分简析：5.Mostly borrowed from English and Chinese,these terms（术语）are often changed into forms no longer understood by native speakers.成分简析：6.Tales from Animal Hospital will delight all fans of the programme and anyone who has a lively interest in their pet,whether it be a cat,dog or snake!成分简析：7.Newton is shown as a gifted scientist with very human weaknesses who stood at the point in history where magic ended and science began.成分简析：8.But for all the texts that are written,stored and sent electronically,a lot of them are still ending up on paper.成分简析：9.With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love,dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence,according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA)（盆地治疗动物组织）in Salt Lake City.成分简析：10.Discovered by the Portuguese admiral of the same name in1506,and settled in1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred.成分简析：11.They had no connection with the outside world for more than a thousand years,giving them plenty of time to build more than1000huge stone figures,called moat,for which the island is most famous.成分简析：12.Whereas（鉴于）a women’s closet female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.成分简析：13.We even have different word for some foods,meat in particular,depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked,which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming.while the upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating.成分简析：14.When Americans visit Europe for the first time,they usually find Germany more “Foreign”than France because the German they see on signs and ads seems much more different from English than French does.成分简析：15.The major market force rests in the growing population of white-collar employees,who can afford the new service,in other words,Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due to the increasing number of white-collar employees.成分简析：16.The hot sun had caused the dough to double size and the fermenting yeast（发酵型酵母）made the surface shake and sigh as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being from outer space.成分简析：17.After all,what lively children wouldn’t settle for spending only half the day doing ordinary school work,and acting,singing or dancing their way through the other half of the day?成分简析：18.So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly notice,I was so surprised that I was speechless,my cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape.成分简析：19.Thirty years after being introduced to McCauley’s words,they still seem to me the best yardstick（准绳）,because they give us a way to measure ourselves rather than others.成分简析：20.But when John and his fellow soldier came in sight some of the people watching couldn’t help laughing at the one who couldn’t keep pace with the others as they march along.成分简析：长难句分析答案First(put forward)(by the French mathematician Pierre de Format)(in the seventeenth century),the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds,(including a French woman scientist)(who made a major advance)(in working out the problem),and (who had to dress)(like a man)(in order)(to be able)(to study)(at the Ecole Polytechnique).It is difficult(to measure the quantity)(of paper)(used)(as a result)(of use Internet-connected computers),although just about anyone(who works)(in an office)can tell you(that)(when e-mail is introduced),the printers start working overtime.That is,the growing demand(for paper)(in recent years)is largely due(to the increased use)(of the Internet).Perhaps the best sign(of)(how computer and Internet use pushes up demand)(for paper) comes(from the high-tech industry itself),(which sees printing)(as one)(of its most promising new market).The action group has also found acceptable paper(made)(from materials other)(than wood),such(as agricultural waste).Mostly(borrowed)(from English and Chinese),these terms are often changed(into forms) no longer(understood)(by native speakers).Tales(from Animal Hospital)will delight all fans(of the programme)and anyone(who has a lively interest)(in their pet),(whether it be a cat,dog or snake)!Newton is shown(as a gifted scientist)(with very human weaknesses)(who stood)(at the point)(in history)(where magic ended and science began).But(for all the texts)(that are written,stored and sent electronically),a lot of them are still ending up(on paper).(With their shining brown eyes,wagging tails,and unconditional love),dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners(needed)(for a beginning reader)(to gain confidence),(according to Intermountain Therapy Animals(ITA))(in Salt Lake City).(Discovered)(by the Portuguese admiral)(of the same name)(in1506),and(settled in 1810),the island belongs(to Great Britain)and has a population(of a few hundred).They had no connection with the outside world(for more)(than a thousand years),(giving them plenty)(of time)(to build more)(than1000huge stone figures),(called moat,)(for which the island is most famous).Whereas（鉴于）a women’s closet female friend might be the first(to tell her)(to leave a failing marriage),it wasn’t unusual(to hear)(a man say)(he didn’t know)(his friend’s marriage was)(in serious trouble)until he appeared one night(asking)(if he could sleep) (on the sofa).We even have different word(for some foods,meat)(in particular),(depending)(on) (whether it is still out)(in the fields)or(at home)ready(to be cooked),(which shows the fact)(that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming).while the upper-class Normans were doing most(of the eating).(When Americans visit Europe)(for the first time),they usually find Germany more “Foreign”(than France)(because the German)(they see)(on signs and ads)seems much more different(from English)(than French does).The major market force rests(in the growing population)(of white-collar employees),(who can afford the new service),in other words,Shanghai’s car rental industry is growing so fast mainly due(to the increasing number)(of white-collar employees).The hot sun had caused the dough(to double size)and the fermenting yeast made the surface(shake)and(sigh)(as though it were breathing and it looked like some unknown being)(from outer space).After all,what lively children wouldn’t settle(for)(spending only half the day)(doing ordinary school work),and(acting,singing or dancing)their way(through the other half) (of the day)?So(when Ed arrived)(for our game)not only(with the bottom)(of his shirt)(gatheredinside his trousers)but also(with a stomach)(you could hardly notice),I was so surprised (that I was speechless),(my cousin must have made an effort)(to get himself)(into shape).Thirty years(after)(being introduced)(to McCauley’s words),they still seem(to me)the best yardstick,(because they give us a way)(to measure ourselves)rather(than others).But(when John and his fellow soldier came)(in sight)some of the people(watching) couldn’t help(laughing)(at the one)(who couldn’t keep pace)(with the others)(as they march along).。
长难句分析1 and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mindcan be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training.要点：句子的框架是and it is imagined … that…, and that …。
这是典型的句型it + is + p. p. （过去分词）+ that clause。
it是形式主语，句子真正的主语是两个并列的that引导的主语从句，由连词and 连接。
operation 此处不能译成“操作”，根据上下文应译成“活动”，这里的processes 要译成“思维过程”，而不能简单地理解成“过程”。
译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。
2 whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force.要点：句子的框架是whether …or… often depends on …。
whether … or 引导了主语从句作句子的主语，financing 这里根据上下文要译成“经费投入”；介词结构of which is seen as the driving force 是宾语theissue 的后置定语，of 介词结构中又包含了which 引导的介词宾语从句。
译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量3 how well the predictions will be validated by later performancedepends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 要点：句子的框架是how … depends on … and on … 。
句子的主语由how引导的主语从句担任；谓语动词词组depends on后面跟了两个由and连接的并列宾语，在第二个宾语中，介词with + which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词the skill and wisdom。
译文：这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智4 there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.要点：句子的框架是there is no agreement whether … or … 。
主句是there is no agreement, agreement后面紧跟了由whether引导的同位语从句作同位语；在同位语从句中，谓语动词短语refers to跟了两个由连词or连接的并列宾语：a. the concepts peculiar to historical work in general; b. the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry。
在第一个宾语中，形容词词组peculiar to historical work和介词词组in general作后置定语修饰the concepts；在第二个宾语中同样有形容词词组appropriate … to … of historical inquiry作后置定语修饰the researchtechniques。
译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。
5 furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.要点：句子的框架是furthermore, it is obvious that…, and that …。
这是典型的句型it + is + obvious + that clause。
it 是形式主语，真正的主语是由连词and连接的两个并列的主语从句：a. that the strength is …bound with…; b. and that this … rests upon the efforts …。
第一个主语从句中的词组be bound up with是“与…有关联”之意；在第二个主语从句中，代词this指代前文的the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，译为“效率的提高”。
译文：再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力.6 what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms.要点：句子的框架是what … is the hormone melatonin which is …。
what引导了一个主语从句，而谓语部分中由which引导了非限制性定语从句hormone melatonin。
句中jet-lag是“时差综合症”，blues不能译成“蓝色”，而是“忧郁”之意。
译文：能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素，人们知道这种激素能够调节人体节奏。
7 there are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographers predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak.要点：句子的框架是there are … kids …, and demographers predict that …。
这是一个并列复合句，在第二个并列分句中，谓语动词predict后面跟了一个that 引导的宾语从句；在that宾语从句中，a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak是35 million teens的同位语。
译文：12岁至19岁年龄组的孩子目前有3100万，人口学家预测，到2010年他们将达到3500万，比二战后生育高峰期出生的孩子还多.8 it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricated by the injection of the fluid.要点：句子的框架是it seemed … but what … was that …。
句子由but连接的两个并列分句构成：a. It seemed almost unbelievable; b. what appeared to be happening was that … 在第二个分句中，what引导了主语从句担任主语，that引导了表语从句。
这里injection不能译成“注射”，根据上下文要译成“注入”。
译文：地球内的断层正在被人们注入的液体所润滑，这几乎是难以令人相信的，但是这确实正在发生。
9 it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society.要点：句子的框架是it is … surprising … that education system have … been … criticized, … on the ground that …。
it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，而主语从句又包含了that引导的同位语从句that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作介词词组on the ground 中ground的同位语，ground这里的意思是“根据”。
译文：那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评，就不那么令人感到惊讶了，批评者的部分根据是，这种教育培养人们在一种已过时的社会中生存。
10 there are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what we’re able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.要点：句子的框架是there are … grounds for thinking that the health… derives from what …, rather than what…。
