精讲高考英语句子成分及配套练习
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简单句的五种基本结构正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。
英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。
英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础,也是学好其他语法知识的前提。
英语五种基本句型结构如下:用符号表示为:①SV(主+谓)②SVO(主+谓+宾)③SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)④SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)⑤SVP(主+系+表)主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial) 补语(complement)表语(predicative)考点1. 基本句型一:SV(主+谓)这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语。
如:Itisrainingnow.(SV)We’veworked for5hours.(SV) Themeetinglastedhalfanhour.(SV)Timeflies.(SV)练习1. 分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
1.Darkcloudshungoverhead.()2.Graduallyasmileappearedonherface.()3.Heissmilingalloverhisface.()4.IdidwellinEnglish.()5.Hetalkedloudlyintheclassroomyesterday.()考点2. 基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。
ShelikesEnglish. Weplantedalotoftreesonthefarmye sterday.练习2. 分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
1.PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.2.Jimcannotdresshimself.3.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.4.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.5.Hejustwantedtostayathome.6.HepracticesspeakingEnglisheveryday.考点3. 基本句型四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give“给”,pass“递”,bring“带”,show“展示”。
2022年高考英语语法精讲与精练(句子成分和基本句型)5.Traditional festivalsenableusto learn fine Chinese values成分:主语谓语宾语宾语补足语句型结构总结:主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾语+补语)小结:从以上的练习中可知英语中的句子成分包括:主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,宾语补语二、句子成分和基本句型精讲(一)、句子成分:1、主语: 说明句子所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”,主语通常由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
EG:Lucy likes her new car very much. 露西喜欢她的新车。
【名词作主语】He goes to and from schoolby bike every day.他每天都起得很早。
(代词作主语)To learn English well is a challenge.学好英语是一项挑战性工作。
【不定式短语作主语】2、谓语: 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,英语中谓语只能用动词充当。
例如:We work hard.我们努力工作。
The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。
He is like his father. 他像他父亲。
注意:介词不能作谓语,必须与be动词连用,构成系表结构,一起作谓语。
谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。
EG:Music is the utmost pleasure in life.音乐是人生最大的快乐。
As I take each bite, the sweet and mild flavour of the red bean filling slowly fills my mouth.3、宾语: 宾语是动作的对象。
由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当,说明主语做“什么”。
EG:Tom bought a story-book.汤姆买了一本故事书。
高中英语句子成分及练习在高中英语的学习中,理解句子成分是非常重要的一环。
它就像是搭建英语语言大厦的基石,只有掌握了句子成分,我们才能准确地理解和运用英语。
一、句子成分的概述句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
主语是句子所要说的人或事物,通常是一个名词、代词或相当于名词的短语或从句。
比如,“The book is interesting” (这本书很有趣。
)中,“The book”就是主语。
谓语则是说明主语的动作或状态,一般由动词充当。
像“ He studies hard ”(他学习努力。
)里的“studies”就是谓语。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者。
比如在“ She likes music ”(她喜欢音乐。
)中,“music”就是宾语。
表语是用来说明主语的性质、特征、状态等,通常位于系动词之后。
例如“ He is a teacher ”(他是一位老师。
)中,“a teacher”就是表语。
定语是用来修饰名词或代词的成分。
“The beautiful girl is my sister ”(那个漂亮的女孩是我的妹妹。
)里,“beautiful”就是定语。
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的成分。
“He runs fast ”(他跑得很快。
)中的“fast”就是状语。
补语是用来补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
“We make him happy ”(我们使他高兴。
)中的“happy”就是补语。
二、主语主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动名词、不定式、名词化的形容词、短语或从句等来充当。
名词作主语:“Books are our friends ”(书是我们的朋友。
)代词作主语:“They are playing football ”(他们正在踢足球。
)数词作主语:“Two is not enough ”(两个是不够的。
)动名词作主语:“Swimming is good for health ”(游泳对健康有益。
高考语法专题:句子成分分析句子成分的分类:从句法功能的角度讲,句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。
主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语(宾补&主补)和同位语。
请看下面句子成分的分析,并注意这些句子成分在句子中的位置。
Mr Smith,an English teacher,told me that he would help me to learn English if he was free this evening.史密斯先生,一位英语老师,告诉我说,如果他今晚有空,他会帮我学习英语。
主要成分分析:Mr Smith,...told...↓↓次要成分分析:Mr Smith,an English teacher,told me that he...↓↓↓help meto learn English if he wasfree this evening.↓↓↓↓ ↓句子成分的用法在了解了句子成分的定义和分类之后,下面结合具体的例子,详细讲解有关句子成分的用法要点。
一、主语——句子的主体主语是句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事物,表示句子描述的是谁或什么。
更确切地说,主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。
主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。
链接高考:1.找出下列句子中的主语①(2017·浙江高考)Up till now, 3 boys and 4 girls have joined the team.②(2016·江苏高考)Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.2.从句子成分分析角度完成下面语法填空:①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________is not good for the health.[分析]空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当(句子成分),且指代前面整个主句的内容,故应填。
高考英语语法精讲与精练:第八章句子成分和基本句型第八章英语句子成分和简单句的基本句型一、句子成分和基本句型讲前练:指出下列句子中划线 部分的句子成分并总结出该句的基本句型结构。
1. Theyhave workedfor months and even years.成分:主语谓语时间状语句型结构总结:主语+谓语(不及物动词)2. The filmyou see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work 成分:主语定语 谓语 表语句型结构总结:主语+系动词+表语3.1 didn' t understand all of the traditional customsat first.成分:主语 谓语宾语状语句型结构总结: 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语4. Traditional festivalsteachusa lot about our nation' s history 我母亲要求我尽可能多地讲英语。
例 14: lheardhersinging happily in the room just now.成分:直接宾语成分:直接宾语主语 谓语 间接宾语主语谓语宾语宾语补足语刚才我听到她在房间里高兴地唱着歌。
考点对练2:指出下列句子的基本类型主语+谓语1.主语+谓语+宾语主语+系动词+表语2.主语+谓语+双宾语(间宾+直宾)主语+谓语+复合宾语(宾+宾补)1.Plants need water and sun, 主 + 谓+宾2.The flowersare so fresh and beautiful, 主 + 系 + 表The sun rises in the east,主 + t胃3.He gave me some flowers. 主+谓+间宾+直宾5 .We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. 主+谓+宾+宾补Many animals live in trees. 主+谓3.Her mother looks very young. 主+系+表8.She teaches usEnglish. 主+谓+间宾+直宾9.The children are jumping and laughing happily. 主 +谓10.Our teacher asked us to talk about thequestions in pairs. 主+谓+宾+宾补11.He often tells me some interesting stories. 主+谓 +间宾+直宾12.The students must keep their eyes closed, 主 + 谓+宾+宾补五、考点应考技巧:1、在语法填空题中,要注意分析句子成分,方能判断空格中应该填什么词性。
高中英语句子成分一、句子成分定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(一) 主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:1) During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2) We often speak English in class.3) One-third of the students in this class are girls.4) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5) Smoking does harm to the health.6) The rich should help the poor.7) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(二) 谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:1) He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:1)You may keep the book for two weeks. Hehas caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。
高中英语句子成分讲解与练习题一、主语1. 主语是句子中的“谁”或“什么”,通常位于谓语动词之前。
例如:The dog barked loudly.(这只狗大声吠叫)2. 有时候一个句子中会有两个以上的主语,称为复合主语。
例如:My sister and I went to the park yesterday.(我和我的妹妹昨天去了公园)3. 可以用代词来替换主语。
例如:He is a teacher. → He teaches English.练习题:1. The sun shines brightly.2. My friends and I will go camping next weekend.3. The book on the shelf is mine.4. She loves to dance in her free time.二、谓语1.谓语通常包括一个动词和它所需的附加信息,如时态、人称等。
例如:I am studying for my exam tomorrow.(我正在准备明天考试) 2.当使用连系动词(be, seem, appear等)时,在此情况下名词或形容词作为补足部分例如: John seems happy today.(约翰今天看起来很开心)3.及物动词需要带上宾格对象(即直接宾语)例: They eat pizza every Friday night.(他们每周五晚上都吃比萨饼)练习题:5.She plays basketball every day after school.6.The flowers in the garden look beautiful this morning.7.My mother made me breakfast this morning.三、表达式1.介系詞(preposition) 描述事物间关系,并且总是跟着名次或代名詞例: The cat is sitting on the table.(猫坐在桌子上)介系詞可以表示时间(on Monday), 地点(at home), 方向(to school), 源头(from China) 等。
高考语法专题:句子成分分析句子成分的分类:从句法功能的角度讲,句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。
主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语(宾补&主补)和同位语。
请看下面句子成分的分析,并注意这些句子成分在句子中的位置。
Mr Smith,an English teacher,told me that he would help me to learn English if he was free this evening.史密斯先生,一位英语老师,告诉我说,如果他今晚有空,他会帮我学习英语。
主要成分分析:Mr Smith,...told...↓↓次要成分分析:Mr Smith,an English teacher,told me that he...↓↓↓help meto learn English if he wasfree this evening.↓↓↓↓ ↓句子成分的用法在了解了句子成分的定义和分类之后,下面结合具体的例子,详细讲解有关句子成分的用法要点。
一、主语——句子的主体主语是句子的主体,是句子所要说明的人或事物,表示句子描述的是谁或什么。
更确切地说,主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。
主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。
链接高考:1.找出下列句子中的主语①(2017·浙江高考)Up till now, 3 boys and 4 girls have joined the team.②(2016·江苏高考)Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.2.从句子成分分析角度完成下面语法填空:①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________is not good for the health.[分析]空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当(句子成分),且指代前面整个主句的内容,故应填。
简单句的五种基本结构正确的英语句子都要符合一定的语法结构要求。
英语句子的结构可以归纳成五种基本句型。
英语句子都可以看作是这五种句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装构成的。
掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础,也是学好其他语法知识的前提。
英语五种基本句型结构如下:用符号表示为:①SV(主+谓)②SVO(主+谓+宾)③SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾)④SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补)⑤SVP(主+系+表)主语(subject)谓语(predicate)宾语(object)定语(attribute)状语(adverbial) 补语(complement)表语(predicative)考点1.基本句型一:SV(主+谓)这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词,都不带宾语,但可以带状语。
如:It is raining now. (SV)We’ve worked for 5 hours. (SV)The meeting lasted half an hour. (SV)Time flies. (SV)练习1.分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
1.Dark clo uds hung overhead. ( )2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face.( )3.He is smiling all over his face. ( )4.I did well in English. ( )5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday.( )考点2.基本句型三:SVO(主+谓+宾)此结构是由“主语+及物动词(词组)+宾语”构成。
She likes English.We planted a lot of trees on the farm yesterday.练习2.分析下列句子成分,并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。
高中英语句子成分一、句子成分定义:构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
(一) 主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如:1) During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.2) We often speak English in class.3) One-third of the students in this class are girls.4) To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5) Smoking does harm to the health.6) The rich should help the poor.7) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8) It is necessary to master a foreign language.(二) 谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:1) He practices running every morning.2、复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:1)You may keep the book for two weeks. Hehas caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:1) We are students.(三) 表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
例如:1) Our teacher of English is an American. 2) Is it yours?3) The weather has turned cold. 4) The speech is exciting.5) Three times seven is twenty one? 6) His job is to teach English.7) His hobby is playing football. 8) The machine must be out of order.9) Time is up. The class is over. 10) The truth is that he has never been abroad.(四) 宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
例如:1) They went to see an exhibition yesterday.2) The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.4) They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5) He pretended not to see me.6) I enjoy listening to popular music.7) I think (that)he is fit for his office.宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor.(五) 宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整。
带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。
宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。
例如:1) His father named him Dongming. 2) They painted their boat white.3) Let the fresh air in. 4) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.5) We saw her entering the room. 6) We found everything in the lab in good order.7) We will soon make our city what your city is now.(六) 定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。
定语可由以下等成分表示:1) America is a developed country.2) There are thirty women teachers in our school.3) His rapid progress in English made us surprised.4) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.5) He is reading an article about how to learn English.(七) 状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语。
可由以下形式表示:1) Light travels most quickly. 2) He has lived in the city for ten years.3) He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.4) He is in the room making a model plane.状语种类如下:1) How about meeting again at six?2) Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.3) I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 4) Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5) She put the eggs into the basket with great care. 6) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.8) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.9) She works very hard though she is old. 10) I am taller than he is.Exercise I一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. They went hunting together early in the morning.5. His job is to train swimmers.6. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.7. There is going to be an American film tonight. 8. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.9. He found it important to master English. 10. Do you have anything else to say?11. He sat there, reading a newspaper. 12. It is our duty to keep our classroom tidy.13. He noticed a man enter the room. 14. The apples tasted sweet.二、简单句、并列句和复合句(一) 句子种类两种分类法1、按句子的用途可分四种:1) 陈述句(肯定、否定):He is six years old. She didn’t hear of you before.2) 疑问句(一般、特殊、选择、反意):(1) Do they like skating? (2) How old is he?(3) Is he six or seven years old? (4) Mary can swim, can’t she?3) 祈使句:1) Be careful, boys; 2) Don’t talk in class4) 感叹句:1) How clever the boy is! 2) What a clever boy he is!2、按句子的结构可分三种:1) 简单句:只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)。
1) He often reads English in the morning. 2) Tom and Mike are American boys.3) She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.2) 并列句:由并列连词(and, but, or等)或分号(;)把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。
1) You help him and he helps you. 2) The future is bright; the road is tortuous.3) 复合句:含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。