高考英语一轮复习语法填空专题应对策略专题23 名词1.名词的概念：表示人、事物、地点和抽象概念名称的词：Mary, knife, America, advice2.名词的分类1)一般名词可数名词：个体名词nut, port, theme, chapter, disaster, track, factor集体名词group, team, class, family, audience, crowd, majority，cattle, people, (the) police不行数名词：物质名词oxygen, air, honey, butter抽象名词pride, justice, pressure, confidence2)专出名词：人名、地名、组织名、国家名等：Kate, London, China, the Great Wall3)名词的单复数1.不行数名词：无复数；前面不行直接加a, an或数词；表数量用a piece of 之类的结构2.可数名词单数变复数1.一般加s：guy, section, material, adult, procedure, aspect2.加es: mass, box, brush, branch, 但stomach加s3.辅音字母+y结尾,y → ies：strategy, policy, battery, company, supply4. f(e)结尾f(e) →ves：thief, wife, housewife, shelf, knife, leaf, wolf, loaf, self, half, life5.直接加s: roof, proof, belief, chief, safe, chef, giraffef→ves或直接加s: handkerchief, scarf6.以o结尾加s: kangaroo, bamboo, zoo, photo, piano, studio加es: hero, potato, tomato7.不规章变化1.单复同行：series, means, species, sheep, deer, fish, Chinese2.oo →ee：tooth, foot, goose3.man →men: spokesman, spokeswoman4.ium/ ion→ia: bacterium, medium, criterion5.其他：phenomenon →phenomena, ox →oxen, mouse →mice, child →children4)名词的全部格1.’s有生命的人或动物：Jim’s cat, the teachers’ office, Tom and Kate’s teacher时间、距离、国家、城市、金额、重量等：today’s news, England’s shore2.of 无生命的东西：the cover of the book, the title of the novel3.双重全部格 a play of Shakespeare’s, a friend of my wife’s5)名词的修饰语只接可数名词复数：both, several, few, many, various, dozens of, a number of, each of, one of只接不行数名词：much, little(少), a bit of, a great deal of, a large amount of修饰可数或不行数名词：some, any, plenty of, lots of, a large quantity of, quantities of , masses of考点考法：作主语（谓语动词前）：His______________ (achieve) earned him respect. (答案为achievements)动词后：He gave a____________ (describe) of what he had seen. (答案为description)介词后：We need food and water for________ (survive). (答案为survival)I’m a_________ (science) who studies animals. (答案为scientist)留意：在冠词、形容词性物主代词、名词全部格、不定代词等后要用名词真题回顾：1.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) Since June 2017, right before the ______________ (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confidently speaking English.2.(2023年新高考Ⅱ卷) They also need to be ready to give ______________ (interview) in English with international journalists.3.(2023全国甲卷) However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty _____________ （warn）about environmental destruction.4.(2023全国乙卷)But for its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which/that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st -century architectural _____________ （wonder）standing side by sidewith historical buildings of the past.5. (2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) “He saved my ______ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. “I don’t know how to thank him.”6.(2022年新高考Ⅱ卷) The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate _____________ (population) and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild.7.(2021全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ______________ (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines. 8.(2021全国乙卷) __________ (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.9.(2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷) The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we _________ (human) are.10. (2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Also, technological know-how has become a _____________ (require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the computer has become a common tool in most ____________ (profession). 11. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) Two of the authors of the review also made a study… that showed a mere five to 10minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _________(cause).12.(2017全国Ⅱ卷) This trend, …, has had some unintended side ________(effect) such as overweight and heart disease…13. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _________ (crowd) on the roads…14. (2022年全国乙卷) China has a _______________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.15. (2021全国乙卷) It allows…and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________ (develop) of the local areas.16. (2018全国Ⅱ卷)This switch has decreased _________ (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.17. (2016全国Ⅱ卷)Confucius influenced the ______________ (develop) of chopsticks.18. (2020全国Ⅱ卷) Filled with ___________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.19. (2020全国Ⅱ卷) The far side of the moon is of particular ___________ (interesting)to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.20. (2017全国Ⅱ卷) This development was only possible with the _____________(introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.21. (2021全国新高考Ⅱ卷) A company _____________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.22. (2020新高考全国Ⅱ卷) Historical ___________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.23. (2020全国Ⅱ卷) Chinese New Year is a __________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.24. (2018全国Ⅱ卷) My name is Mireya Mayor. I’m a _________ (science) who studies animals such as apes andmonkeys.考情分析考点：名词的用法在语法填空中年年必考。
