人教版高中英语电子课本(必修4)(2020年,Word版)

必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Afri ca. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chi mps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and wa its in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Th en we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. Ho wever, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her b abies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observi ng and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she firs t arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to be gin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For exampl e, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until th en everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chi mps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped h er work out their social system.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leadin g a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never f orget ..."She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their o wn environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of wo men.WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I ch oose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I s at down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a speci alist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had b een very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing b ooks and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a smallbook explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free fr om sickness. Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thoug ht needed this advice? I looked carefully at the text andrealized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at t hat time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second t o boys'. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me r ealize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that go t her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Li n Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiao zhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a famil y of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely deliver ed. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qia ozhi and carry on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my st udies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and….必修4 Unit 2 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping consider s himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburntface and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping g rows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pion eer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. This special strain of rice ma kes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now mor e than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest A gricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been hi s life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. D r Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. I n a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vi etnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Th anks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hung er. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being f amous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rath er keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life a lso means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much mon ey has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equi p others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan had a dre am about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can b e grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a pers on who loves and cares for his people.CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease an d increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-ter m use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerou s, to people's health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they dam age the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This aff ects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the cro ps and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other ill nesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but insi de there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to tu rn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, ofte n prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes th e soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They oft en change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing cor n or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soy beans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to u se different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surfa ce followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.必修4 Unit 3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the hu man face", and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Ch aplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depre ssed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie's own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. H is parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing thatCharlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially wh en the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of th e most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordi nary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tr amp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoe s and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. Th is character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination t o overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth centu ry and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little t ramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Inst ead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather sho es for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest stea k. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe th at it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 h e was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 197 7. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with gr eat confidence.ENGLISH JOKES1 There are thousands of jokes which use "play on words" to amuse us. One person asks a question which expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is a nother kind of answer which makes the situation funny. Now read some of these c ustomer and waiter jokes. Can you match the joke with the explanation?1 C: What's that fly doing in my soup?W: Swimming, I think!2 C: What's that?W: It's bean soup.C: I don't want to know what it's been. I want to know what it is now.3 C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?W: No, sir. Round.2 Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story. The following is one of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Doctor W atson. Read it and decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give your reasons.Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area. Th ey were lying in the open air under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked up at the st ars and whispered, "Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you thin k of?" Watson replied, "I think of how short life is and how long the universe has l asted." "No, no, Watson!" Holmes said. "What do you really think of?." Watson trie d again. "I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is." "Try again, Watson!" said Holmes. Watson tried a third time. "I think of how cold the universe is and h ow warm people can be in their beds." Holmes said, "Watson, you fool! You shoul d be thinking that someone has stolen our tent!"必修4 Unit 4COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student associati on, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international student s. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first to th eir dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for th eir flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking aroun d curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other,I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Ak ira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. J ust at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving h and. They both apologized - another cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yes terday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulo n from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smili ng face. They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, sinc e that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz., on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Musli m countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not to uch women.As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural "bo dy language". Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfor table in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings u sing unspoken "language" through physical distance, actions or posture. English pe ople, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South Americ an countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most peop。

Unit 1Women of achievementReadingA STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa.Following Jane ’ s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family beings to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babiesplay in the tree. Them we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as long as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals intheir own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960,it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her forthe first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps huntand eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her workout their social system.Four forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals.She has argued that wild animals should beleft in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements.She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely.She is leading a busy life but she says: Once I“stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It ’ s terrible.Itaffects me when I watch the wild chimps.I say to myself,‘ Aren ’ t theyAndluck?then I’think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you haveseen that you can never forget ”⋯She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor ’ s degree and showing that womeniveinthecanforestl as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievement of women.Using languageWHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORD?I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I chooseto study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at thecomputer to do some research on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist inwomen’ s diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy inher chosen career, traveling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of themcaught my eye. I was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caringfor babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and freefrom sickness. Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought neededthis advice？ I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in thecountryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.That was a generation when girl’ s education was always placed secondWastoboysshe so’ . much cleverer than anyone else?Further reading made me realize that it was hard work anddetermination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school.What made hersucceed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. Therewas story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day’ s work, went late at night to deli a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her.I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi haddevoted her whold life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own.Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I wasvery excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entranceexaminations, and⋯Unit 2Working the landA PILNEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China’ s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considersimelfa hfarmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and hisslim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggledfor the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974,he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rich that has a high output. Thisspecial strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the samefields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Sincethen, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw thegreat need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem inmany parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests withoutexpanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty milliontons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice wasproduced. These increased harvests mean that 22% fo the world ’ s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.However, he doesn’ t care about being famous.He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time forhis hobbies. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream aboutrice plants as tall as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing akind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream:to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough,especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.Using LanguageCHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers cancause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’ s health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage theland by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals alsostay in the ground and underground water for a ling time. This affects crops and, therefore,animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.These chemicals in the food supply build up in people ime’. s Manybodiesofoverthesechemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other foodgrown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may lookbeautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organicfarming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus onkeeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals andso more fertile. This also keeps the air, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then thenext year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanutsthat use the ground’ s surface followed by vegetables that put down deepSrootsme.organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the nextyear ’ s crop.These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to growngood food and avoid damaging the environment or people’ s health.Unit 3 A state of English humourReadingA MSTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said,“ Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightenedthe lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel morecontent with their lives.Not that Charlie’ s own life was easy!Hewas born in a poor family in 1889.his parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately, his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spenthis childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had,through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in English.He couldmime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watchinghim— his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as hischarming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world.The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small roundblack hat. He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failurebut was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has justbeen discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on theedge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats themas if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. I he eats each mouthfulwith great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one ofthe best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he wasgiven a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in English and the USAbut spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.Using languageENGLISH JOKES1. There are thousands of jokes which use“ play on words One”persontoamuseasksus.a question which expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes the situation funny. Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can you match the joke with the explanation?1.C: What ’ s that fly doing in my soup?W:Swimming, I think!2. C: What’ s that?W: It ’ s bean soup.C: I don’ t want to know what it’ sI wantbeen.to know what it is now.3.C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?W:No, sir. Round.ExplanationA The first person is asking for information about time. The second person treats it as a question about shape.B The first person is angry about something and wants to say,“ Why is this here?” Th second person treats it as a request for information and gives an answer to the question.C The answer to the question contains a word which, when spoken, can havetwo meanings.2.Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story. The following is one of those jokesabout the famous detective Sherlock Homes and his friend Doctor Watson. Read it anddecide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better.Give your reasons.Sherlock Homes and Doctor Watson went camping in an mountainous area. They warelying in the open air under the stars. Sherlock Homes looked up at the stars and whispered,“ Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?” Watson replied,of how short life is and how long the universe has lasted.” “ No, no, Watson!” Hom “ what do you really think of? Watson”tried again.“ I think of how small I am and howvast the sky is.“ Try” again, Watson!Said”Holmes. Watson tried a third time.“ Ithink of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.Holmes said,”“ Watson, you fool! You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent!”Unit 4Body LanguageReadingCOMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university ’ s student association, wen the Capital International Airport to meet this year ’ s internationalTheywerestudents. coming to study at Beijing University. We would taken them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood fro a minute watching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by JuliaSmith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was verysurprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! Shestepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that therewas probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling,together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his handout to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akria bowed so his nose touchedGeorge ’ s moving handThey. both apologized another— cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, hemoved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to aska question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashingthrough the door, she recognized Tony Garcia ’s Theysmilingshookface.hand and thenkissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meetpeople they know. Ahmed Aziz, on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men fromMiddle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talkbut will usually not touch women.As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural“ bod language ”Not. all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in thesame way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that peoplecommunicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken“ language” through physical distance, actions or postureEnglish. people, for example, do notusually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, peoplefrom places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are morelikely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, butsome cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general— not allmembers of a culture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying internationalcustoms can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’ s world of cultural crossroads!Using LanguageSHOWING OUR FEELINGSBody language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even morepowerful than spoken spoken language.People around the world show all kinds of feelings,wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible to us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.“ readOf course,”others aroundbody language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.The most university facial expression is, of course, the smile — its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone“ loses face” and smilesHowevtoer,hideth it. general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning.In most places around the world, frowning and turning one’ s back to someone Makingshows angerfist. and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening anther person.There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in mostcases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyesand turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it isprobably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is notusually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance withopen hands will show that I am willing to listen.With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities inbody language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!Unit 5Theme parksReadingTHEME PARKES—FUN AND MORE THAN FUNWhich theme park would you like to visit?There are various kinds of theme parks, with adifferent park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showingthe famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like, there is atheme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland.It can be found inseveral parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams cometrue, whether you are traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting, yourfavourite fairly tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasyamusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. Ofcourse Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland ！Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the mostunique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America’ s traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park’ s main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. Peoplecome form all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and ironobjects in the old-fashioned way.Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy thatAmerican southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train stillworking in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world’ s largestbald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best oldwooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in thesmallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning a ll about America ’ s historicalsoutheastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies,princes and queens, then England ’ s Camelot Park is the placeEveforyyouarea. of the parkis modeled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Inone place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fightingwith swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit. If you do wellthere, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament.Do you likeanimals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farmsand took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England ran theirfarms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England,come to Camelot Park!Using LanguageFUTUROSCOPE- EXCITEMENT AND LEARNINGLast week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulledinto a black hole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash inthe jungle. After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to seestrange blind creature that have never seen sunlight. For a break, I took part in some carracing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world. I ended mytravels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived theexperience!I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of thelargest space-age parks in the world. This science and technology-based theme park inFrance uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screensprovide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visitors can get close to parts ofthe world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through thejungle or visiting the edges of the solar system. The amazing, up-to-date informationtogether with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in acompletely new way for visitors. Learning centers throughout the park let visitors try theirown scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea worldand much more.I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park’ s entrance, but tickets are also available online.Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of funand learning for class outings.Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know theirplans in advance can get the group admission rate. For anyone coming from out of town,Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearly, most of which provide a shuttle service to thepark. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway.Plan your trip wellbefore starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops thatit is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot — be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes!。

人教版高中英语电子课本（必修4）（2020年,Word版）必修4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Afri ca. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chi mps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and wa its in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Th en we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. Ho wever, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her b abies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observi ng and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she firs t arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to be gin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For exampl e, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until th eneveryone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chi mps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped h er work out their social system.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leadin g a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never f orget ..."She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their o wn environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of wo men.WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I ch oose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I s at down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a speci alist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had b een very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing b ooks and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a smallbook explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free fr om sickness. Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thoug ht needed this advice? I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at t hat time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second t o boys'. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me r ealize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that go t her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Li n Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiao zhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a famil y of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely deliver ed. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qia ozhi and carry on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my st udies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and….必修4 Unit 2 A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping consider s himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburntface and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those ofmillions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping g rows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pion eer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. This special strain of rice ma kes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now mor e than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest A gricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been hi s life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. D r Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. I n a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vi etnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Th anks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hung er. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being f amous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rath er keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life a lso means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much mon ey has more rather than fewertroubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equi p others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan had a dre am about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can b e grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a pers on who loves and cares for his people.CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease an d increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-ter m use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerou s, to people's health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they dam age the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This aff ects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the cro ps and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other ill nesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but insi de there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to tu rn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, ofte n prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes th e soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They oft en change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing cor n or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soy beans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to u se different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surfa ce followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.必修4 Unit 3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the hu man face", and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Ch aplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a time whenthey felt depre ssed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie's own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. H is parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing thatCharlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially wh en the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of th e most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordi nary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tr amp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoe s and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. Th is character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination t o overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth centu ry and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little t ramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Inst ead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of amountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather sho es for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest stea k. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe th at it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 h e was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 197 7. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with gr eat confidence.ENGLISH JOKES1 There are thousands of jokes which use "play on words" to amuse us. One person asks a question which expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is a nother kind of answer which makes the situation funny. Now read some of these c ustomer and waiter jokes. Can you match the joke with the explanation?1 C: What's that fly doing in my soup?W: Swimming, I think!2 C: What's that?W: It's bean soup.C: I don't want to know what it's been. I want to know what it is now.3 C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?W: No, sir. Round.2 Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story. Thefollowing is one of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Doctor W atson. Read it and decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give your reasons.Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area. Th ey were lying in the open air under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked up at the st ars and whispered, "Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you thin k of?" Watson replied, "I think of how short life is and how long the universe has l asted." "No, no, Watson!" Holmes said. "What do you really think of?." Watson trie d again. "I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is." "Try again, Watson!" said Holmes. Watson tried a third time. "I think of how cold the universe is and h ow warm people can be in their beds." Holmes said, "Watson, you fool! You shoul d be thinking that someone has stolen our tent!"必修4 Unit 4COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student associati on, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international student s. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first to th eir dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for th eir flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking aroun d curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other,I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched hershoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Ak ira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. J ust at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving h and. They both apologized - another cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yes terday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulo n from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smili ng face. They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, sinc e that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz., on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Musli m countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not to uch women.As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural "bo dy language". Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfor table in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings u sing unspoken "language" through physical distance, actions or posture. English pe ople, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South Americ an countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures us e other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures hav e developed. I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are ve ry general - not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In general, tho ugh, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's wo rld of cultural crossroads!SHOWING OUR FEELINGSBody language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often ev en more powerful than spoken language. People around the world show all kinds o f feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible to "read" others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile –its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are tru ly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone "loses fa ce" and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places around the world, frowning and turning one's back to someone showsanger. Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry a nd threatening another person.There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the h ead up and down is used for agreement, almost worldwide. Most people also unde rstand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning wi ll, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward a nd look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not belie ve what I am hearing or do not like it.Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. St anding at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some si milarities in body language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!必修4 Unit 5THEME PARKS —FUN AND MORE THAN FUNWhich theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme p arks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, m ovies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller co asters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever a nd whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with isDisneyland. It can be f ound in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander aroun d the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a p arade or on the street. Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from gi ant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeasternUSA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows a nd celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rid es, the park's main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform t here all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American s outherners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam- engine train stil l working in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the wo rld's largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historical southeastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England'sCamelot Park is the place for you. Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the K nights of the Round Table. In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin t he Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousti ng area is a good place to visit. If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm a rea, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of thei r animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Pa rk!FUTUROSCOP —EXCITEMENT AND LEARNINGLast week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, a nd was pulled into a black hole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced survi ving an airplane crash in the jungle. After that, I joined some divers and went to t he bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creatures that have never seen sunlig ht. For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world. I ended my travels by meeting face to face w ith a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the largest space-age parks in the world. This science and technology-bas ed theme park in France uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visit ors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar sys tem. The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors. L earning centres throughout the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much mote.I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park's entrance, but tickets ar e also available online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfe ct mix of fun and learning for class outings. Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admission rate. For an yone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearby, mos t of which provide a shuttle service to the park. If driving, Futuroscope is within ea sy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot - be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or oth er walking shoes!。

Unit 1 Women of achievementReadingA STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family beings to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Them we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as long as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.Four forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can li ve safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: “Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It’s terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, ‘Aren’t they luck?’ And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget…”She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor’s degree and showing that women can l ive in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievement of women.Using languageWHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORD?I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women’s diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, traveling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye. I was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice？I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a generation when girl’s education was always placed second to boys’. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day’s work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whold life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and…Unit 2 Working the landA PILNEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers h imself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rich that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% fo the world’s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn’t care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.Using LanguageCHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a ling time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over t ime. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus onkeeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground’s surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grown good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.Unit 3 A state of English humourReadingA MSTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie’s own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. his parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately, his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in English. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him— his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failurebut was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. I he eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in English and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.Using languageENGLISH JOKES1. There are thousands of jokes which use “play on words” to amuse us. One person asksa question which expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes the situation funny. Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can you match the joke with the explanation?1. C: What’s that fly doing in my soup?W: Swimming, I think!2. C: What’s that?W: It’s bean soup.C: I d on’t want to know what it’s been. I want to know what it is now.3. C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?W: No, sir. Round.ExplanationA The first person is asking for information about time. The second person treats it as a question about shape.B The first person is angry about something and wants to say, “Why is this here?” The second person treats it as a request for information and gives an answer to the question.C The answer to the question contains a word which, when spoken, can have two meanings.2. Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story. The following is one of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Homes and his friend Doctor Watson. Read it and decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give your reasons.Sherlock Homes and Doctor Watson went camping in an mountainous area. They ware lying in the open air under the stars. Sherlock Homes looked up at the stars and whispered, “Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?” Watson replied, “I think of how short life is and how long the universe has lasted.” “No, no, Watson!” Homes said. “what do you really think of?” Watson tried again. “I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is.” “Try again, Watson! ” Said Holmes. Watson tried a third time. “I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.” Holmes said, “Watson, you fool! You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent! ”Unit 4 Body LanguageReadingCOMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would taken them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood fro a minute watching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akria bowed so his nose touched George’s moving hand. They both apologized— another cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashingthrough the door, she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face. They shook hand and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz, on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural “body language”. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general—not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!Using LanguageSHOWING OUR FEELINGSBody language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken spoken language. People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible to “read” others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.The most university facial expression is, of course, the smile— its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it. Howev er, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places around the world, frowning and turning one’s back to someone shows anger. Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening anther person.There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!Unit 5 Theme parksReadingTHEME PARKES—FUN AND MORE THAN FUNWhich theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether you are traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting, your favourite fairly tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland！Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America’s traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park’s main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People come form all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train still working in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles i n the world’s largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best oldwooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning a ll about America’s historical southeastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England’s Camelot Park is the place for you. Every area of the park is modeled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit. If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!Using LanguageFUTUROSCOPE- EXCITEMENT AND LEARNINGLast week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a black hole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle. After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creature that have never seen sunlight. For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world. I ended my travels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the largest space-age parks in the world. This science and technology-based theme park in France uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visitors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system. The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors. Learning centers throughout the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much more.I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park’s entrance, but tickets are also available online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings. Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admission rate. For anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearly, most of which provide a shuttle service to the park. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops thatit is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot— be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes!。

Unit 1 Women of achievementReadingA STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa.Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity ofthe day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree thenight before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family beings towake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warnsus that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right.However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Them we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. Werealize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as long as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to helpher for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed theway people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.Four forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set upOnce I special places where they can li v e safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: “stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It’s terrible. I t affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, ‘Aren’t they luck?’　And then Ithink about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have”seen that you can never forget…She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their ownive in the forest as men environment, gaining a doctor’s degree and showing that women can lcan. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievement of women.Using languageWHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORD?I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose tostudy at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at thecomputer to do some research on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist inwomen’s diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy inher chosen career, traveling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One ofthem caught my eye. I was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from havingand caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean,healthy and free from sickness. Why did she write that? Who were the women that LinQiaozhi thought needed this advice？I looked carefully at the text and realized that it wasintended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could notreach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.That was a generation when girl’s education was always placed second to boys’.Was she somuch cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work anddetermination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made hersucceed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. Therewas story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day’s work, went late at night to deliv a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi haddevoted her whold life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own.Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I wasvery excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entranceexaminations, and…Unit 2 Working the landA PILNEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself afarmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and hisslim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he hasstruggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybridrice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rich that has ahigh output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of thecrop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is fromthis hybrid strain.Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Sincethen, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw thegreat need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem inmany parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests withoutexpanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty milliontons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice wasproduced. These increased harvests mean that 22% fo the world’s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnamand many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to hisresearch, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybridrice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn’t care about being famous.He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time forhis hobbies. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream aboutrice plants as tall as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing akind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has anotherdream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not alwaysenough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.Using LanguageCHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers cancause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people’s health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage theland by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals alsostay in the ground and underground water for a ling time. This affects crops and, therefore,animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.ime. Many of theseThese chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over tchemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other foodgrown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They maylook beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organicfarming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus onkeeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps cropsgrow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals andso more fertile. This also keeps the air, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often changethe kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and thenthe next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanutsthat use the ground’s surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots.Someorganic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carryingaway the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the nextyear’s crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to growngood food and avoid damaging the environment or people’s health.Unit 3 A state of English humourReadingA MSTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, “Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightenedthe lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more contentwith their lives.Not that Charlie’s own life was easy!He was born in a poor family in 1889. his parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taughtto sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was oftenuncertain. Unfortunately, his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spenthis childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had,through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in English. He couldmime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watchinghim— his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as hischarming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failurebut was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from oneof his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry thatthey try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. I he eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that itis one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in English and the USAbut spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.Using languageENGLISH JOKESOne person asks1. There are thousands of jokes which use “play on words” to amuse us.a question which expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes the situation funny. Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can you match the joke with the explanation?1. C: What’s that fly doing in my soup?W: Swimming, I think!2. C: What’s that?W: It’s bean soup.I want to know what it is now.C: I don’t want to know what it’s been.3. C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?W: No, sir. Round.ExplanationA The first person is asking for information about time. The second person treats it as a question about shape.B The first person is angry about something and wants to say, “Why is this here?” The second person treats it as a request for information and gives an answer to the question.C The answer to the question contains a word which, when spoken, can have twomeanings.2. Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story. The following is one of those jokesabout the famous detective Sherlock Homes and his friend Doctor Watson. Read it anddecide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give your reasons.Sherlock Homes and Doctor Watson went camping in an mountainous area. They warelying in the open air under the stars. Sherlock Homes looked up at the stars and whispered,“Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?” Watson replied,of how short life is and how long the universe has lasted.”“No, no, Watson!” HomeWatson tried again. “I think of how small I am and how“what do you really think of?”　Said Holmes. Watson tried a third time. “I“Try again, Watson! ”　vast the sky is.”　Holmes said,think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds.”　“Watson, you fool! You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent! ”Unit 4 Body LanguageReadingCOMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s student association, wentThey werethe Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students.coming to study at Beijing University. We would taken them first to their dormitories andthen to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I sawseveral young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood fro a minutewatching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by JuliaSmith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was verysurprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! Shestepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that therewas probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling,together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached hishand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akria bowed so his noseanother cultural mistake!touched George’s moving hand.They both apologized—Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, hemoved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer toask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashingthrough the door, she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face.They shook hand and thenkissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meetpeople they know. Ahmed Aziz, on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men fromMiddle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talkbut will usually not touch women.As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural “bod language”. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in thesame way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that peoplecommunicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken“language” through physical distance, actions or posture.English people, for example, donot usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However,people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely andare more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other byshaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who preferto bow.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general—not allmembers of a culture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying internationalcustoms can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of cultural crossroads!Using LanguageSHOWING OUR FEELINGSBody language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even morepowerful than spoken spoken language. People around the world show all kinds of feelings,wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible to “read” others aroundus, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course,body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.The most university facial expression is, of course, the smile— its function is to showhappiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however.Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. ThereHowev er, theare unhappy smiles, such as when someone “loses face” and smiles to hide it.general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most placesMaking a fistaround the world, frowning and turning one’s back to someone shows anger.and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening anther person.There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up anddown is used for agreement almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shakingthe head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in mostcases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyesand turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probablynot a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usuallygood to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with openhands will show that I am willing to listen.With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities inbody language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!Unit 5 Theme parksReadingTHEME PARKES—FUN AND MORE THAN FUNWhich theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with adifferent park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history.Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showingthe famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like, there is atheme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found inseveral parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreamscome true, whether you are traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting, yourfavourite fairly tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasyamusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifyingfree-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there isa Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland！Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the mostunique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America’s traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park’s main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. Peoplecome form all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and ironobjects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy thatAmerican southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train stillworking in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world’s largestbald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best oldwooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in thesmallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning a ll about America’s historical southeastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies,Every area of theprinces and queens, then England’s Camelot Park is the place for you.park is modeled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Inone place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fightingwith swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit. If you do wellthere, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you likeanimals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farmsand took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England ran theirfarms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England,come to Camelot Park!Using LanguageFUTUROSCOPE- EXCITEMENT AND LEARNINGLast week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulledinto a black hole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash inthe jungle. After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to seestrange blind creature that have never seen sunlight. For a break, I took part in some carracing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world. I ended mytravels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived theexperience!I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of thelargest space-age parks in the world. This science and technology-based theme park inFrance uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screensprovide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visitors can get close to parts ofthe world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through thejungle or visiting the edges of the solar system. The amazing, up-to-date informationtogether with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in acompletely new way for visitors. Learning centers throughout the park let visitors try theirown scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world andmuch more.I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park’s entrance, but tickets are also available online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of funand learning for class outings. Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know theirplans in advance can get the group admission rate. For anyone coming from out of town,Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearly, most of which provide a shuttle service to thepark. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip wellbefore starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops thatit is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot— be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes!。

Unit 1 Women of achievementReadingA STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane ’ sway of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied thesefamilies of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to theplace where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in theshade of the trees while the family beings to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wanderinto the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love intheir family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon andshe is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and herbabies play in the tree. Them we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. Werealize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as long as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recordingtheir daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their ownenvironment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it wasunusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first fewmonths was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps.For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until theneveryone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a grouphunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with eachother, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.Four forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand andrespect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and notused for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they canlive safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: “Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and Iremember the chimps in laboratories. It ’ s terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. Isay to myself, ‘ Aren ’ t theyAndluckthen I think’ about small chimps in cages though they have donenothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ”⋯She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment,gaining a doctor ’ s degree and showing that women canveliin the forest as men can. She inspiresthose who want to cheer the achievement of women.Using languageWHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORDI enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study atuniversity I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do someresearch on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women ’ s d She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelingabroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye. I was a smallbook explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simplerules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. Why did she write thatWho were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice I looked carefully at the text andrealized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a generation when girl ’educations was always placed second to boys ’ .Was she so much cleverer than anyone else Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as wellas her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day ’ s work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whold life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and ⋯Unit 2 Working the landA PILNEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China ’ s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himselfafarmer, forhe works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong bodyare just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rich that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes it possibleto produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice producedin China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasingthe rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% fothe world ’peoples are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests.Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn ’ t care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plantsas tall as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice thatcould feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice sothat it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a personwho loves and cares for his people.Using LanguageCHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMINGOver the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Manyfarmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently,however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to theland and, even more dangerous, to people ’ s health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers First, they damage the land by killingthe helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground andunderground water for a ling time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, sincechemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supplybuild up in people ’ s bodies over timeMan. y of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to befull of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitaminsand minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil richand free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feelthat this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air,water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind ofcrop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas orsoybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it readyfor crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops touse different levels of soil, for example, planti ng peanuts that use the ground ’ s surface followed byvegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops toprevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become anatural fertilizer for the next year These’cropmany. different organic farming methods have thesame goal: to grown good food and avoid damaging the environment or people ’ s health.Unit 3 A state of English humourReadingA MSTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, “ Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face ” , and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightened the lives ofAmericans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. He made peoplelaugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie ’ s own life was easy!He was born in a poor family in 1889. his parents were bothpoor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as hecould speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at thistime, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately, his father died, leavingthe family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in English.He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watchinghim — his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character,the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with amoustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked aroundstiffly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism anddetermination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when otherswere unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining Here is an example from one of his mostfamous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered inCalifornia. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold,but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during asnowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes fortheir dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cutsoff the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing thebottom of the shoe. I he eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing thatit makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he was given aspecial Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in English and the USA but spent his lastyears in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actorwho could inspire people with great confidence.Using languageENGLISH JOKES1. There are thousands of jokes which use “ play on words One”topersonamuseasksus. a questionwhich expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes thesituation funny. Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can you match the joke withthe explanation1.C: What ’ s that fly doing in my soupW: Swimming, I think!2. C: What’ s thatW: It’ s bean soup.C: I don’ t want to know what it I’wantsbeentoknow. what it is now.3.C: Waiter, will the pancakes be longW: No, sir. Round.ExplanationA The first person is asking for information about time.The second person treats it as a questionabout shape.B The first pe rson is angry about something and wants to say,“ Why is this here”The second person treats it as a request for information and gives an answer to the question.C The answer to the question contains a word which, when spoken, can have two meanings.2. Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story.The following is one of those jokes about thefamous detective Sherlock Homes and his friend Doctor Watson.Read it and decide which of thesetwo kinds of jokes you like better.Give your reasons.Sherlock Homes and Doctor Watson went camping in an mountainous area. They ware lying in theopen air under the stars. Sherlock Homes looked up at the stars and whispered, “ Watson, when youlook at that beautiful sky, what do you think of ” Watsonthink ofreplied,howshort life“isI and howlong the universe has lasted. “” No,no, Watson! ”Homes said. “ what do you really think of ”Watson tried again. “ thinkI of how small I am and how vast the sky is. ”“ Tryagain, Watson!”Said Holmes. Watson tried a t hird time. “ I think of how cold the universe is and how warm peoplecan be in their beds. Holmes”said, “ Watson, you fool!You should be thinking that someone hasstolen our tent! ”Unit 4 Body LanguageReadingCOMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEMYesterday, another student and I, representing our university student’association, went to theCapital International Airport to meet this year ’ s internationalTheystudentswerecoming. to studyat Beijing University. We would taken them first to their dormitories and then to the studentcanteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter thewaiting area looking around curiously. I stood fro a minute watching them and then went to greetthem.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith fromBritain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tonyapproached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appearingsurprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook fromCanada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just atthat moment, however, Akria bowed so his nose touched George ’movings hand. They bothapologized — another cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, he movedvery close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a questionand then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, sherecognized Tony Garcia ’ s smiling faceThey. shook hand and the n kissed each other twice on eachcheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz, on thecontrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries willoften stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural Not all “ body language ”cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching ordistance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, theyalso express their feelings using unspoken “ language ” through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon asthey meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approachothers closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet eachother by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, whoprefer to bow.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I haveseen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general —not all members of aculture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’ s world of cultural crossroads!Using LanguageSHOWING OUR FEELINGSBody language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken spoken language. People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudesthat they might never speak aloud. It is possible to “ read others”around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.The most university facial expression is, of course, the smile —its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “ losesface ”and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places around the world, frowning and turning one ’ s back to someone shows angerMaking. a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening anther person.There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down isused for agreement almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.How about showing that I am bored Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a goodidea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understandeach other as well as we do!Unit 5 Theme parksReadingTHEME PARKES—FUN AND MORE THAN FUNWhich theme park would you like to visit There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether youare traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting, your favourite fairly tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, fromgiant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism isincreasing wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come toDisneyland ！Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most uniquetheme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America ’traditionals southeasternculture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park main’ sattraction is its culture. Famous countrymusic groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People come form all overAmerica to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in theold-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southernersmade 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train still working in the southeast USA.You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world t bald eagle’s largespreserve. And for those wholike rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It isworld-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have funlearning all about America istorical’ssoutheastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes andqueens, then England ’ s Camelot Park is the place for youEvery. area of the park is modeled afterlife in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In one place, you can watchmagic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, thenthe jousting area is a good place to visit. If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight inthe big jousting tournament. Do you like animals Then visit the farm area, and learn how peoplein ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy aboutancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy aboutancient England, come to Camelot Park!Using LanguageFUTUROSCOPE- EXCITEMENT AND LEARNINGLast week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a blackhole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle. Afterthat, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creature thathave never seen sunlight. For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some ofthe most difficult mountains in the world. I ended my travels by meeting face to face with adinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one o f the largestspace-age parks in the world. This science and technology-based theme park in France uses themost advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiencesof the earth and beyond. Visitors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced,going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system.The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makesthe world come to life in a completely new way for visitors. Learning centers throughout the park letvisitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the underseaworld and much more.I bou ght tickets for myself and my friends at the park ’ s entrance, but tickets are also available online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the groupadmission rate. For anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearly,most of which provide a shuttle service to the park.If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot — be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes!。

普通高中课程标准实验教科书《英语》电子课本Book 3Unit 1 Festivals around the worldB3U1P1-3FESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSAncient FestivalsFestivals and celebrations of all kinds are held everywhere. The most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Other celebrations were held when hunters could catch animals. They would starve if food was difficult to find, so they celebrated when they had food. They lit fires and made music because they thought these festivals would bring a year of plenty.Festivals of the DeadSome festivals are held to honour the dead, or satisfy and please the ancestors, who could return either to help or to do harm. In Japan the festival is called Obon, when people should go to clean the graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico they have the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people might eat food in shape of skulls, and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The festival of Halloween had its origin as an event in memory of the dead. It is now a children’s festival, when they can go to their neighbours’ homes and ask for sweets. They dress up and try to frighten people. If they are not given anything, the children might play a trick.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can be held as an honour to famous people or to the gods. One of these is the Dragon Boat Festival in China, which honours the famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. Another is Columbus Day in the USA, in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in America. In India there is a national festival on October 2 to honour Mahatma Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter ,and because a season of agricultural work is over. In European countries it is the custom to decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and people get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their animals, flowers, fruits and vegetables, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. In China and Japan there are mid-autumn festivals, when people admire the moon and give gift of mooncakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat, and may give children lucky money in the red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the lunar New Year together. In some Western countries there are very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. They might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds. Easter is an important religious and social festival in Christian countries. It celebrates the return of Jesus for Christians and it also celebrates the coming of spring. In Japan, the Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country is covered with cherry tree flowers so that it looks as though it might be covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each others. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our daily life for a little while.B3U1P4We think it has always been the custom for people to have festivals. They are a time to enjoy each other’s company and have fun with our friends. We think that long ago people looked forward to the celebrations. Our ancestors would sit round a fire and cook plenty of meat to eat. Then they would be satisfied with their festival.B3U1P7A SAD LOVE STORYLi Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’t turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates, like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her apologise. He would drown his sadness in coffee. It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave －he wiped the tables, then sat down and turned on the TV－just what Li Fang needed!A sad Chinese story about lost love.The seventh daughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinu, the weaving girl, and she was the most lovely of the daughters. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (“Just like me and Hu Jin, ”thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that, ” thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her daughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niulang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinu was heart-broken, her mother finally decidedto let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. This happens when the stars Vega and Altair meet in the Heaven. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh lunar month. people in China hope that the weather will be fine on that day, because if it is raining, it means that Zhinu is weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet.The announcer said, “this is the story of Qiqiaojie. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story. It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can all meet the one you love.’’As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, “I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’t want them to remind me of her.’’ So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day!B3U1P44&45Winter carnival in QuebecWe are sitting in a café in old Quebec, drinking hot coffee to try to warm up. The temperature is 32 degrees below freezing. The windows are covered with steam from the heat inside. Outside, the snow covers the streets and is piled up along the sidewalks and in parking lots. The music and lights of the carnival continue, but we have been watching the parades, riding in horse carriages and listening to the music all day. Our feet are freezing and our noses are red.Quebec carnival is the biggest winter festival in the world – every year, hundreds of thousands of people come to Quebec to take part in a week of activities. If you come, you must be prepared to keep moving, as it is too cold to stand and watch for long.Early in the morning, you can watch the snowboarding competitions on the hill overlooking the river. The competitions speed down the track and through the air though they could fly.If you are brave enough, you can try the canoe race. Five or six men paddle in each canoe across the great St Lawrence River, which is partly frozen. Of course, the river is full of big pieces of ice, and if you were to fall in, you would freeze in less than two minutes.One of the favourite events is the dog-sled race, in which teams of about 6 Husky dogs pull long sleds at great speeds along a snowy track. One person runs behind the sled, shouting to the dogs to encourage them. The sound of the dogs barking, the calls of the drivers and the shouts of the crowd make an exciting Northern experience. The dogs are beautiful strong animals, with long, thick fur. Many of them have blue eyes.After admiring the ice sculptures everywhere in the city, much like those inHarbin in China, you can have a cup of tae or coffee in an igloo. It is amazing how warm these ice houses can be!Late in the evening, you can go to the snow palace, where Bonhomme the snowman is king, and join the crowd. You can dance outside to the music of a band, who are all dressed in heavy clothes – even some of their instruments are dressed up for winter.Finally we sit down in our café to warm up and to plan tomorrow – perhaps we’ll join the snowmobile races – or perhaps we’ll just sleep in.Book 3 Unit 2 Healthy eatingB3U2P10COME AND EAT HERE (1)Wang Peiwei sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had been a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of mutton kebabs, roast pork and fried rice. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. His restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was it so? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton kebabs and fatty pork cooked in the hottest, finest oil. His fried rice was hot but did not taste of fat. His cola was sugary and cold and his ice cream was made of eggs, milk, cream and fruit. “Nothing could have been better,” he thought. Suddenly he saw his friend Li Maochang hurrying by. “Hello, Maochang,”he called, “Your usual?” But Maochang seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something terrible must have happened if Maochang was not coming to eat with him as he always did.Pengwei followed Li Maochang into a newly-opened small restaurant at the end of the street. There was a sign in the window.Tired of all that fat? Want to be thinner?Come inside to Yong Hui’s slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again.Curiosity drove Wang Pengwei inside. It was full of people. A very thin lady came forward. “Welcome!” she said, “My name is Yong Hui.I will take all that fat off you in two weeks if you eat here every day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peiwei. There were only two kinds of food and one drink on it: raw vegetables, fruit and water. Wang Peiwei was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his own restaurant. He could not believe his eyes! He threw away the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he thought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? He wondered if he should go to the library to find out. He couldn’t have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! He had better do some research!After reading, he realised what was wrong with Yong Hui’s restaurant. It was not giving its customers energy-giving food! After eating in her restaurant people would become tired very quickly. Perhaps this was a way to win his customers back! Peng Wei wrote his own sign. It said:Want to feel fit?Come and eat here!Our food gives you energy all day!The competition between the two restaurants was on!B3U2P12Daisy wished to be ＿＿＿so that she could wear all the latest, cool clothes designed for the young. She decided to do some ＿＿＿into what foods should be eaten to become thinner. She learned that one of the ＿＿＿of not eating enough was to become very tired quickly. When she went to the doctor, he told her she could be thinner as well as healthy if she ate more vegetables like beans,＿＿＿ and ＿＿＿.So she did. She felt very fit when she started eating more ＿＿＿ foods as well as her usual energy –giving foods. She even began to enjoy eating all the vegetables＿＿＿ rather than cooked. She soon looked like a model!B3U2P14&P15COME AND EAT HERE (2)The next day Wang Pengwei’s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happier. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant. He did not look forward to being in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. He smiled .But the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. She did not look happy but glared at him as she moved round the customers. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant yesterday? I thought you were a new customer and now I find you came only to spy on me and my menu,” she shouted. “Please excuse me,”he calmly explained,“I wanted to know where all my customers had gone yesterday.I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don’t want to upset you but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food. Why don’t you sit down and try a meal?”Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying the dumplings, fatty pork and cola.When they were served the ice cream Yong Hui began to look ill. “I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,”she said,“I miss my vegetables and fruit.”Wang Pengwei was just enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed.“yes,”he added,“and I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. But don’t you tired quickly?”“Well, now you mention it. I do have to rest a lot, ”admitted Yong Hui. “But don’t you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner?” she asked Wang Pengwei. “I’m sure you would feel much healthier.” They began chatting about menus and balanced diets. “My research has shown me that neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,”explained Pengwei,“I don’t offer enough fibre and you don’t offer enough body–building or energy –giving foods. Perhaps we ought to combine our menus and provide a balanced menu with foods full of energy and fibre. ”So that is what they did ,They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them .Thenthey served fresh fruit with ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased the fibre in the meal. Their balanced menus became such a success that before long Wang Pengwei became slimmer and Yong Hui heavier. After some time the found that their business cooperation had turned into a personal one .Finally they got married and lived happily ever after!B3U2P52-53THE TOWN HAS TO DECIDE(At the meeting that evening there are two speakers: one for and one against building a McDonald’s restaurant.)FOR BUILDING A MCDONALD’SI was excited when I heard that our community(社区) was to have its own McDonald’s restaurant. I thought about all those young people who would not have to go to the next town to buy their favourite burgers and chips. McDonald’s cares about healthy eating too and works with scientists to provide food that is of high quality,safe and healthy. It is also cheap .They often provide salads as well as burgers and chips. You can also choose between cola and milk shakes(奶昔). Of course it also means more work for our area that needs jobs badly. McDonald’s say they are interested in doing what is right for the community and being a good neighbour. So I think they will be concerned about providing parking for the cars in our main street. Many of our young people will be only too happy to work for it. They make a promise to the people that work for them. They say,“We value you, your growing skills and your help to the company.”I can see nothing but good if this company comes to build its restaurant in our town.AGAINST BUILDING A MCDONALD’SI am very worried about McDonald’s building a restaurant in our hometown. We area small community and we enjoy our local dishes. I am not sure if McDonald’s food is as healthy as they say in their advertisements. When scientists look at it carefully they find high levels of fat, sugar and salt. This is very worrying. Too many young people are getting fat through eating too much fatty food. McDonald’s is not giving young people a good idea of what a healthy diet should be. Local Chinese food ,on the other hand, is full of fresh vegetables and fresh meat and fish. The food at a McDonald’s restaurant is always the same so I wonder if it is made or brought in from elsewhere. Although it is freshly cooked ,it must be less healthy than our own locally grown and cooked Chinese food.I also worry about all those cars bringing people to buy food in McDonald’s. First, there would be petrol fumes(气体),which would make our clean air dirty. Second, there’s the problem of all those cars that try to park and prevent other cars from moving quickly through our town. Third, what will happen to all the food containers if people decide to eat on the side of the road just out of town? Will they just throw them on the ground?I’m sure many young people would be happy to work for McDonald’s but will they be treated fairly(公平地)？In American, McDonald’s does not allow Unions to operate in its restaurants and these are people who speak up for the workers. If ,as theysay, the workers are happy with them why should they fear some workers joining a Union?So when I consider the food, the cars and the jobs, I think we should not allow McDonald’s to build their restaurant in our town.Book 3 Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank-noteB3U3P17-18ACT ONENote: Scenes 1 and 2 are provided in the Teacher’s Book.Scene 3NARRATOR Now ladies and gentlemen , you’re about to hear the most incredible tale. It is the summer of 1903, and Henry Adams, an American business, has had some very bad luck. He is lost in London. He has no money and does not know what he should do. Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.RODERICK Young man, would you step inside a moment, please?HENRY Who? Me, sir?RODERICK Yes, you.OLIVER Through the front door on your left.HENRY (a servant opens the door for him) Thanks.SERVANT Good morning, sir, would you please come in? Permit meto lead the way ,sir.OLIVER Thank you, James. That will be all.RODERICK How do you do, Mister－er－?HENRY Adams, Henry Adams.OLIVER Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY Thank you.RODERICK You’re an American?HENRY That’s right, from San Francisco.RODERICK How well do you know LondonHENRY Not at all. It’s my first trip here.RODERICK I wonder, Mr Adams, if you’d mind us asking a few questions.HENRY Go right ahead.RODERICK May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are? HENRY Well, I can’t say that I have any plans. I’m hoping to find work. As a matter of fact, I landed in Britian by accident.OLIVER How is that possible?HENRY Well, you see, back home I had my own boat. About a month ago I was sailing out of the bay－(his eyes stare at what is left of the brother’s dinner on the table) RODERICK Well, go on.HENRY Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind. I did not know whether I could survive until morning. The next morningI’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship.OLIVER And it was the ship that bought you to England.HENRY I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, which accounts for my appearance. (the brothers smile at each other)RODERICK Well, you mustn’t worry about that. It’s an advantage.HENRY I’m afraid I don’t quite follow you, sir.RODERICK Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?HENRY I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me some kind of work here? RODERICK Patience, Mr Adams. If you don’t mind, may I ask you how much money you have?HENRY Well, to be honest, I have none.OLIVER (happily) What luck! Brother, what luck!(claps his hands together)HENRY Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me. If this is your idea ofsome kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. (Henry stands up to leave)Now,if you’ll excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way.RODERICK Please don’t go, Mr Adams.You mustn’t think we don’t care about you. Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER Yes, the letter.(gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift)The letter.HENRY (taking it carefully) For me?RODERICK For you. (Henry starts to open to it) Oh, no, you mustn’t open it. Notyet. You can’t open it until two two o’clock.HENRY Oh, this is silly.RODERICK Not silly. There’s money in it. (calls to the servant) James.HENRY Oh, no, I don’t want your charity. I just want an honest job.RODERICK We know you’re hard-working. That’s why we’ve given you the letter. James, show Mr Adams out.OLIVER Good luck, Mr Adams.HENRY Well, why don’t you explain what this is all about?RODERICK You’ll soon know. In exactly an hour and a half.SERVANT This way, sir.RODERICK Mr Adams, not until 2 o’clock. Promise?HENRY Promise. Good-bye.B3U3p20One day my uncle told me a about a man who made a that he would beable to walk to the foot of a mountain by .The mountain was over 100 kilometresaway from his home so people were happy to take the bet because they thought it was that anybody could walk so far in one day. But they did not realise that the manhad a plan ready. He got histo drive a large truck which would meet him on the road as if . The truck wouldgive the man a ride and he would continue to pretend to walk as the truck moved along.In this way the man made his at the foot of the mountain before nightfall andhe won his bet. He said he had walked all the way though not always on the road!B3U3P21&22Reading and actingAct one, Scene 4(Outside a restaurant Henry looks at the envelope with the letter and decides to go in. He sits down at a table next to the front windows.)OWNER (seeing Henry’s poor appearance)That’s one’s reserved. This way, please.(to the waiter) take this gentleman’s order, Horace.HENRY (after sitting down and putting the letter on the table) I’d like some ham and eggs and a nice big steak. And make it extra thick. WAITER it’ll cost a tiny bit.HENRY I understand. And I’ll have a nice glass of beer. (the waiter leaves foe the kitchen)HOSTESS my goodness! He eats like a wolf.OWNER we’ll see if he’s clever as a wolf, eh?HENRY (having just finished every bit of food) Ah, waiter. (waiter returns) same things again, please. Oh, and another beer.WAITER Again, everything?HENRY Yes, that’s right. (sees the look on the waiter’s face) Anything wrong? WAITER (to the restaurant owner) He’s asked for more of the same. OWNER it is well-known that many Americans like to eat a lot. Well, we have to take a chance. Go ahead and let him have it.WAITER (reading the bill after the meal) all right. That’s two orders of ham and eggs, two extra thick steaks, two tall glasses of beer, two cupsof coffee and two desserts.HENRY would you mind waiting just a few minutes?WAITER (in a rude manner) what’s there to wait for?OWNER all right, Horace, I’ll take care of this.HENRY (to owner) That was a wonderful meal. It’s amazing how much pleasure you get out of the simple things in life, especially if you can’t havethem for a while.OWNER Yes, very interesting. Now perhaps if you pay the bill I can help the other customers.HENRY (looking at the clock on the wall) Well, I see it’s two o’clock. (he opens the letter and holds a million pound bank-note in his hands. Henryis surprised but the owner and the waiter are shocked, and nervous) I’m very sorry. But … I ... I … I don’t have anything smaller. OWNER (still shocked and nervous) Well, er- er-just one moment. Maggie, look!(the hostess screams, the other customs look at her and she put a handto her mouth).HOSTESS oh, dear, I don’t know. I simply don’t know. Ask Mr. Clemens. (theowner goes to a gentleman sitting near the window)OWNER Mr. Clemens, Mr. Clemens! Could you –er- look at this? (hands him the bank–note) do you think it’s genuine?CLEMENS (looking at it very carefully) Two notes in this amount have been issued by the Bank of England this year. Any way, it can’t be fake. OWNER Why not?CLEMENS People will give too much attention to a bank-note of this amount. No thief would want that to happen.HOSTESS (joining them) But look at the owner, Mr. Clemens. He’s in rags. CLEMENS Hmm, yes. I see. Well, I can only say that he must be a very strange but very rich man.OWNER (as if he has discovered something for the first time) Why, yes! That must be it!HOSTESS (hit her husband’s arm) And you put him in the back of the restaurant! Go and see him at once!OWNER I’m so sorry, sir, so sorry, but I cannot change this bank-note. HENRY But it’s all I have on me.OWNER Oh, please, don’t worry, sir. Doesn’t matter at all. We are so very glad that you even entered our little eating place. Indeed, sir, I trustthat you’ll come here whenever you like.HENRY Well, that’s very kind of you.OWNER Kind, sir? No, it’s kind of you, sir. You must come whenever you want and have whatever you like. Just having you sit here is a great honour! HENRY I may not return for some time.OWNER It would be wrong of me not trust a gentleman such as yourself, sir, (now the other customs are watching them) even if you do dress in a ratherunusual way. As for the bill, sir, please forget it.HENRY Forget it? Well … thank you very much. That’s very nice of you. OWNER Oh, it’s for us to thank you, sir and I do, sir, from my heart. (the owner, hostess and waiter all bow together as Henry leaves)B3U3P23ABOUT MARK TWAINMark Twain was born in Florida and spent his boyhood in Hannibal,Missouri,along the Mississippi River. Three of his most famous books describe people on this great river. They are The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Life on the Mississippi. Indeed, this author loved the river so much that even his pen name is about the river. “Twain” is an old word for “two.” So, to “mark twain,”is to say that the water is two fathoms deep. A fathom is equal to six feet or 1.83 metres. Twain left school at school at the age of twelve to look for work. Over the next two decades he was a printer, a riverboat pilot, a soldier, a good miner, a businessman and a newspaper reporter. His first successful story was about a jumping frog contest. His writing became famous for its description of common people and the way they talked, but especially for his humour. He became rich from the manynovels, short stories and travel journals he wrote and was very popular at public readings. Yale and Oxford Universities honoured him for his writing. However, the last years of his life were filled with sad events, loneliness and the loss of much money. His writing lost most of its humour and became sad like him. Yet he is still one of the most popular writers in the world today.B3U3P59—60ACT TWOScene 4NARRATOR At the end of month, Henry was very rich and didn’t fear jail. Dressed in the finest clothes, he drove by the brothers’ house in Portland Place and, seeing they were back, went to get Portia at her friend’s home.HENRY My dear, the way you look today, it would be a crime not to ask for a good salary for the job they’ll give to me.PORTIA Oh , please remember that if we ask for too much we may get no salary at all; and then what’ll happen to us, with no way in the world to earn a living? (at the brothers’home , the servant lets them in. The two brother are seated ,waiting )HENRY Good morning, gentlemen. (Roderick seems very surprised to see Portia ) Portia ,these are the men who helped me .PORTIA So very nice to meet you, kind sirs . ( she gives Oliver a wink of the eye )RODERICK Er…Portia ,I---OLIVER We’re both glad to hear it , for now we can decide the bet which Roderick and I made .If you’ve won for me ,you shall have any job as my gift . Have you got the million pound bank-note ?HENRY I’ve won! Now what do you say , Roderick ?RODERICK I say that I’ve lost twenty thousand pounds .I never would have believed it. Why, that is amazing, man!HENRY Come, let’s be going now, Portia .OLIVER But wait, wait! The job, you know .I must give you a job, as I promised. HENRY Well, thank you very much, but I really don’t want one now.PORTIA Henry, I’m disappointed in you . You didn’t thank the gentlemen properly . May I do it for you ?HENRY Let me see you try.(Portia walks over to Roderick and gives him a hug. Then she sits in Oliver’s lap, puts her arms around his neck and kisses him on the cheek . Oliver begins laughing.) PORTIA Papa, he says he doesn’t want anything else from you .HENRY (shocked)My dear ,is that your papa?!PORTIA He’s my stepfather ,and the dearest one that ever was .HENRY Oh, my dearest dear sir , I regret what I said . You have got a job open that I want .。

Unit 1 Women of achievementReadingA STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa.Following Jane’ sway of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest.Jane has studied thesefamilies of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans.Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.This means going back to theplace where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before.Everybody sits and waits in theshade of the trees while the family beings to wake up and move off.Then we follow as they wanderinto the forest.Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love intheir family.Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon andshe is right.However, the evening makes it all worthwhile.We watch the mother chimp and herbabies play in the tree.Them we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night.Werealize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as long as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour.She spent years observing and recordingtheir daily activities.Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their ownenvironment.However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in1960, it wasunusual for a woman to live in the forest.Only after her mother came to help her for the first fewmonths was she allowed to begin her project.Her work changed the way people think about chimps.For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat.Until theneveryone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts.She actually observed chimps as a grouphunting a monkey and then eating it.She also discovered how chimps communicate with eachother, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.Four forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand andrespect the life of these animals.She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and notused for entertainment or advertisements.She has helped to set up special places where they canlive safely.She is leading a busy life but she says: “Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and Iremember the chimps in laboratories.It ’ s terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.Isay to myself,‘ Aren ’ t theyAndluckthen I think’ about small chimps in cages though they have donenothing wrong.Once you have seen that you can never forget”⋯She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment,gaining a doctor’ s degree and showing that women canveliin the forest as men can.She inspiresthose who want to cheer the achievement of women.Using languageWHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORDI enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study atuniversity I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do someresearch on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women’ s d She lived from 1901 to 1983.It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelingabroad to study as well as writing books and articles.One of them caught my eye.I was a smallbook explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies.She gave some simplerules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness.Why did she write thatWho were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice I looked carefully at the text andrealized that it was intended for women in the countryside.Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time.That was a generation when girl’educations was always placed second to boys ’ .Was she so much cleverer than anyone else Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as wellas her gentle nature that got her into medical school.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients.There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day’ s work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her.I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whold life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own.Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered.By this time I was very excited.Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and⋯Unit 2 Working the landA PILNEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China’ s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himselfafarmer, forhe works the land to do his research.Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong bodyare just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rich that has a high output.This special strain of rice makes it possibleto produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.Now more than 60% of the rice producedin China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953.Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal.As a young man, he saw the great need for increasingthe rice output.At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice.In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced.These increased harvests mean that 22% fothe world ’peoples are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests.Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of ing his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life.However, he doesn’ t care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading.Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him.Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles.He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing.Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plantsas tall as a peanut.Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice thatcould feed more people.Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice sothat it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough,especially for a personwho loves and cares for his people.Using LanguageCHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMINGOver the past half century,using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming.Manyfarmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production.Recently,however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to theland and, even more dangerous, to people’ s health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers First, they damage the land by killingthe helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones.Chemicals also stay in the ground andunderground water for a ling time.This affects crops and, therefore,animals and humans, sincechemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off.These chemicals in the food supplybuild up in people’ s bodies over timeMan. y of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to befull of much nutrition.They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitaminsand minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming.Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals.They focus on keeping their soil richand free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.Organic farmers, therefore,often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer.They feelthat this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile.This also keeps the air,water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile.They often change the kind ofcrop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas orsoybeans.Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it readyfor crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile anic farmers also plant crops touse different levels of soil, for example, planti ng peanuts that use the ground’ s surface followed byvegetables that put down deep roots.Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops toprevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become anatural fertilizer for the next year These’cropmany. different organic farming methods have thesame goal: to grown good food and avoid damaging the environment or people’ s health.Unit 3 A state of English humourReadingA MSTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said,“ Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face” , and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.He brightened the lives ofAmericans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between.He made peoplelaugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie’ s own life was easy!He was born in a poor family in 1889.his parents were bothpoor music hall performers.You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as hecould speak and dance as soon as he could walk.Such training was common in acting families at thistime, especially when the family income was often uncertain.Unfortunately, his father died, leavingthe family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in English.He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watchinghim — his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films.He grew more and more popular as his charming character,the little tramp,became known throughout the world.The tramp, a poor, homeless man with amoustache,wore large trousers,worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked aroundstiffly carrying a walking stick.This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism anddetermination to overcome all difficulties.He was the underdog who was kind even when otherswere unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining Here is an example from one of his mostfamous films, The Gold Rush.It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered inCalifornia.Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold,but without success.Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during asnowstorm with nothing to eat.They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes fortheir dinner.Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti.Then he cutsoff the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak.Finally he tries cutting and chewing thebottom of the shoe. I he eats each mouthful with great enjoyment.The acting is so convincing thatit makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote,directed and produced the films he starred in.In 1972he was given aspecial Oscar for his outstanding work in films.He lived in English and the USA but spent his lastyears in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977.He is loved and remembered as a great actorwho could inspire people with great confidence.Using languageENGLISH JOKES1. There are thousands of jokes which use“ play on words One”topersonamuseasksus. a questionwhich expects a particular reply.Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes thesituation funny.Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes.Can you match the joke withthe explanation1.C: What ’ s that fly doing in my soupW: Swimming, I think!2. C: What’ s thatW: It’ s bean soup.C: I don’ t want to know what it I’wantsbeentoknow. what it is now.3.C: Waiter, will the pancakes be longW: No, sir. Round.ExplanationA The first person is asking for information about time.The second person treats it as a questionabout shape.B The first pe rson is angry about something and wants to say,“ Why is this here”The second person treats it as a request for information and gives an answer to the question.C The answer to the question contains a word which, when spoken, can have two meanings.2. Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story.The following is one of those jokes about thefamous detective Sherlock Homes and his friend Doctor Watson.Read it and decide which of thesetwo kinds of jokes you like better.Give your reasons.Sherlock Homes and Doctor Watson went camping in an mountainous area.They ware lying in theopen air under the stars.Sherlock Homes looked up at the stars and whispered,“ Watson, when youlook at that beautiful sky, what do you think of” Watsonthink ofreplied,howshort life“isI and howlong the universe has lasted.“” No,no,Watson!”Homes said.“ what do you really think of ”Watson tried again.“ thinkI of how small I am and how vast the sky is.”“ Tryagain, Watson!”Said Holmes.Watson tried a t hird time.“ I think of how cold the universe is and how warm peoplecan be in their beds.Holmes”said,“ Watson, you fool!You should be thinking that someone hasstolen our tent!”Unit 4Body LanguageReadingCOMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEMYesterday,another student and I, representing our university student’association,went to theCapital International Airport to meet this year’ s internationalTheystudentswerecoming. to studyat Beijing University.We would taken them first to their dormitories and then to the studentcanteen.After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter thewaiting area looking around curiously.I stood fro a minute watching them and then went to greetthem.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia,closely followed by Julia Smith fromBritain.After I met them and then introduced them to each other,I was very surprised.Tonyapproached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek!She stepped back appearingsurprised and put up her hands, as if in defence.I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook fromCanada.As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student.Just atthat moment, however, Akria bowed so his nose touched George ’movings hand.They bothapologized — another cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan.When we met yesterday, he movedvery close to me as I introduced myself.I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a questionand then shook my hand.When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, sherecognized Tony Garcia’ s smiling faceThey. shook hand and the n kissed each other twice on eachcheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know.Ahmed Aziz, on thecontrary,simply nodded at the girls.Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries willoften stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural Not all “ body language ”cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching ordistance between people.In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, theyalso express their feelings using unspoken“ language” through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon asthey meet.However,people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approachothers closely and are more likely to touch them.Most people around the world now greet eachother by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, whoprefer to bow.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed.I haveseen, however,that cultural customs for body language are very general —not all members of aculture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’ s world of cultural crossroads!Using LanguageSHOWING OUR FEELINGSBody language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken spoken language.People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudesthat they might never speak aloud.It is possible to “ read others”around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication.Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.The most university facial expression is, of course, the smile—its function is to show happiness and put people at ease.It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however.Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry.There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “ losesface”and smiles to hide it.However,the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning.In most places around the world, frowning and turning one’ s back to someone shows angerMaking. a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening anther person.There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down isused for agreement almost worldwide.Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.How about showing that I am bored Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested.However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested.If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a goodidea to give a hug to a boss or teacher.In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank.Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language.We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understandeach other as well as we do!Unit 5Theme parksReadingTHEME PARKES—FUN AND MORE THAN FUNWhich theme park would you like to visit There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food,culture, science, cartoons, movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture.Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland.It can be found in several parts of the world.It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether youare traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting,your favourite fairly tale or Disney cartoon character.As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street.Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, fromgiant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops.With all these attractions,no wonder tourism isincreasing wherever there is a Disneyland.If you want to have fun and more than fun, come toDisneyland ！Dollywood,in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA, is one of the most uniquetheme parks in the world.Dollywood shows and celebrates America ’traditionals southeasternculture.Although Dollywood has rides, the park main’ sattraction is its culture.Famous countrymusic groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres.People come form all overAmerica to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood,glass and iron objects in theold-fashioned way.Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southernersmade 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train still working in the southeast USA.You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world t bald eagle’s largespreserve.And for those wholike rides,Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters,Thunderhead.It isworld-famous for having the most length in the smallest e to Dollywood to have funlearning all about America istorical’ssoutheastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes andqueens, then England’ s Camelot Park is the place for youEvery. area of the park is modeled afterlife in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table.In one place,you can watchmagic shows with Merlin the Wizard.If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, thenthe jousting area is a good place to visit.If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight inthe big jousting tournament.Do you like animals Then visit the farm area, and learn how peoplein ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals.To enter a world of fantasy aboutancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals.To enter a world of fantasy aboutancient England, come to Camelot Park!Using LanguageFUTUROSCOPE- EXCITEMENT AND LEARNINGLast week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a blackhole.Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle.Afterthat,I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creature thathave never seen sunlight.For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some ofthe most difficult mountains in the world.I ended my travels by meeting face to face with adinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope.Opened in1987, Futuroscope is one o f the largestspace-age parks in the world.This science and technology-based theme park in France uses themost advanced technology.Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiencesof the earth and beyond.Visitors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced,going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system.The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makesthe world come to life in a completely new way for visitors. Learning centers throughout the park letvisitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the underseaworld and much more.I bou ght tickets for myself and my friends at the park’ s entrance, but tickets are also available online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the groupadmission rate.For anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearly,most of which provide a shuttle service to the park.If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot — be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes!。

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必修4 Unit 1A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ..."She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye. It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? I looked carefully at the text and realized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhaps if they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys'. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tired after a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discovered that Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, prepare for the university entrance examinations, and….必修4 Unit 2A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Y uan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers are beginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer using natural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levels of soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers preferplanting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. These many different organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.必修4 Unit 3A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face", and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie's own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spent hislast years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.ENGLISH JOKESThere are thousands of jokes which use "play on words" to amuse us. One person asks a question which expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes the situation funny. Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can you match the joke with the explanation?1 C: What's that fly doing in my soup?W: Swimming, I think!2 C: What's that?W: It's bean soup.C: I don't want to know what it's been. I want to know what it is now.3 C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?W: No, sir. Round.Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story. The following is one of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Doctor Watson. Read it and decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give your reasons.Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area. They were lying in the open air under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered, "Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?" Watson replied, "I think of how short life is and how long the universe has lasted." "No, no, Watson!" Holmes said. "What do you really think of?." Watson tried again. "I think of how small I am and how vast the sky is." "Try again, Watson!" said Holmes. Watson tried a third time. "I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds." Holmes said, "Watson, you fool! You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent!"必修4 Unit 4COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by JuliaSmith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to theJapanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand. They both apologized - another cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face. They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz., on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural "body language". Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken "language" through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general - not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!SHOWING OUR FEELINGSBody language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language. People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might never speak aloud. It is possible to "read" others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile – its function is to show happiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that we are truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone "loses face" and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places around the world, frowning and turning one's back to someone shows anger. Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement, almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!必修4 Unit 5THEME PARKS — FUN AND MORE THAN FUNWhich theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeasternUSA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park's main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train still working in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about America's historical southeastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you. Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit. If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!FUTUROSCOP —EXCITEMENT AND LEARNINGLast week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a black hole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle. After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creatures that have never seen sunlight. For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world. I ended my travels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the largest space-age parks in the world. This science and technology-based theme park in France uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visitors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system. The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors. Learning centres throughout the park let visitors try their own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much mote.I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park's entrance, but tickets are also available online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings. Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admission rate. For anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearby, most of which provide a shuttle service to the park. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot - be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes!。

《新课标高中英语》：必修４（word版）（全套高中课本word版都有）word4 Unit 1 A STUDENT OF AFRICAN WILDLIFEIt is 5:45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East Africa. Following Jane's way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activityof the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimpseither feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in a human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behaviour. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, thiswas not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusualfor a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was that chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a monkey and then eating it. She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study oftheir body language helped her work out their social system.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making therest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says: "Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It's terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps.I say to myself, 'Aren't they lucky?" And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget ..."She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animalsin their own environment, gaining a doctor's degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can. She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women.WHY NOT CARRY ON HER GOOD WORK?I enjoyed English, biology, and chemistry at school, but which one should I choose to study at university? I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to dosome research on great women of China.By chance I came across an article about a doctor called Lin Qiaozhi, a specialist in women's diseases. She lived from 1901 to 1983. It seemed that she had been very busy in her chosen career, travelling abroad to study as well as writing books and articles. One of them caught my eye.It was a smallbook explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring for babies. She gave some simple rules to follow for keeping babies clean, healthy and free from sickness. Why did she write that? Who were the women that Lin Qiaozhi thought needed this advice? I looked carefully at the text andrealized that it was intended for women in the countryside. Perhapsif they had an emergency they could not reach a doctor.Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. That was a generation when girls' education was always placed second to boys'. Was she so much cleverer than anyone else? Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed toall her patients. There was story after story of how Lin Qiaozhi, tiredafter a day's work, went late at night to deliver a baby for a poor family who could not pay her.By now I could not wait to find out more about her. I discoveredthat Lin Qiaozhi had devoted her whole life to her patients and had chosen not to have a family of her own. Instead she made sure that about 50,000 babies were safely delivered. By this time I was very excited. Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work? It was still not too late for me to improve my studies, preparefor the university entrance examinations, and….必修4 Unit 2A PIONEER FOR ALL PEOPLEAlthough he is one of China's most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. Now more than 60% of the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmer's family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great needfor increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world's people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is nowcirculating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN hasmore tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using hishybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn't care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbles. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice wasas big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as a peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of ricethat could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan has another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.CHEMICAL OR ORGANIC FARMING?Over the past half century, using chemical fertilizers has become very common in farming. Many farmers welcomed them as a great way to stop crop disease and increase production. Recently, however, scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and, even more dangerous, to people's health.What are some of the problems caused by chemical fertilizers? First, they damage the land by killing the helpful bacteria and pests as well as the harmful ones. Chemicals also stay in the ground and underground water for a long time. This affects crops and, therefore, animals and humans, since chemicals get inside the crops and cannot just be washed off. These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time. Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses. In addition, fruit, vegetables and other food grown with chemicalfertilizers usually grow too fast to be full of much nutrition. They may look beautiful, but inside there is usually more water than vitamins and minerals.With these discoveries, some farmers and many customers arebeginning to turn to organic farming. Organic farming is simply farming without using any chemicals. They focus on keeping their soil rich andfree of disease. A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy. Organic farmers, therefore, often prefer usingnatural waste from animals as fertilizer. They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and so more fertile. This also keeps the air, soil, water and crops free from chemicals.Organic farmers also use many other methods to keep the soil fertile. They often change the kind of crop in each field every few years, for example, growing corn or wheat and then the next year peas or soybeans. Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil, making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich andfertile soil. Organic farmers also plant crops to use different levelsof soil, for example, planting peanuts that use the ground's surface followed by vegetables that put down deep roots. Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil, and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year's crop. These manydifferent organic farming methods have the same goal: to grow good food and avoid damaging the environment or people's health.必修4 Unit 3A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOURAs Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winterfrom the human face", and up to now nobody has been able to do thisbetter than Charlie Chaplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. He madepeople laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie's own life was easy! He was born in a poor familyin 1889. His parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him -his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and morepopular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp, a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stilly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, The Gold Rush. It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California.Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed therein search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoesfor their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as ifit were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing thebottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.ENGLISH JOKES1 There are thousands of jokes which use "play on words" to amuse us. One person asks a question which expects a particular reply. Instead, what he gets is another kind of answer which makes the situation funny. Now read some of these customer and waiter jokes. Can you match the joke with the explanation?1 C: What's that fly doing in my soup?W: Swimming, I think!2 C: What's that?W: It's bean soup.C: I don't want to know what it's been. I want to know what it is now.3 C: Waiter, will the pancakes be long?W: No, sir. Round.2 Some jokes are longer and tell a short, funny story. The following is one of those jokes about the famous detective Sherlock Holmes and his friend Doctor Watson. Read it and decide which of these two kinds of jokes you like better. Give your reasons.Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson went camping in a mountainous area. They were lying in the open air under the stars. Sherlock Holmes looked up at the stars and whispered, "Watson, when you look at that beautiful sky, what do you think of?" Watson replied, "I think of how short lifeis and how long the universe has lasted." "No, no, Watson!" Holmes said. "What do you really think of?." Watson tried again. "I think of howsmall I am and how vast the sky is." "Try again, Watson!" said Holmes. Watson tried a third time. "I think of how cold the universe is and how warm people can be in their beds." Holmes said, "Watson, you fool! You should be thinking that someone has stolen our tent!"必修4 Unit 4COMMUNICATION: NO PROBLEM?Yesterday, another student and I, representing our university's student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year's international students. They were coming to study at BeijingUniversity. We would take them first to their dormitories and then tothe student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek! She steppedback appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced, George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand. They both apologized - another cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz, another international student, was from Jordan. When we met yesterday, he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a bit, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through thedoor, she recognized Tony Garcia's smiling face. They shook handsand then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz., on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslimcountries will often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.As I get to know more international friends, I learn more about this cultural "body language". Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken "language" through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to others or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy orSouth American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well, such as the Japanese, who prefer to bow.These actions are not good or bad, but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general - not all members of a culture behave in the same way. In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today's world of cultural crossroads!SHOWING OUR FEELINGSBody language is one of the most powerful means of communication, often even more powerful than spoken language. People around the world show all kinds of feelings, wishes and attitudes that they might neverspeak aloud. It is possible to "read" others around us, even if they do not intend for us to catch their unspoken communication. Of course, body language can be misread, but many gestures and actions are universal.The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smile – its function is to showhappiness and put people at ease. It does not always mean that weare truly happy, however. Smiles around the world can be false, hiding other feelings like anger, fear or worry. There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone "loses face" and smiles to hide it. However, the general purpose of smiling is to show good feelings.From the time we are babies, we show unhappiness or anger by frowning. In most places around the world, frowning and turning one's back to someone shows anger. Making a fist and shaking it almost always means that someone is angry and threatening another person.There are many ways around the world to show agreement, but nodding the head up and down is used for agreement, almost worldwide. Most people also understand that shaking the head from side to side means disagreement or refusal.How about showing that I am bored? Looking away from people or yawning will, in most cases, make me appear to be uninterested. However, if I turn toward and look at someone or something, people from almost every culture will think that I am interested. If I roll my eyes and turn my head away, I most likely do not believe what I am hearing or do not like it.Being respectful to people is subjective, based on each culture, but in general it is probably not a good idea to give a hug to a boss or teacher. In almost every culture, it is not usually good to stand too close to someone of a higher rank. Standing at a little distance with open hands will show that I am willing to listen.With so many cultural differences between people, it is great to have some similarities in body language. We can often be wrong about each other, so it is an amazing thing that we understand each other as well as we do!必修4 Unit 5THEME PARKS — FUN AND MORE THAN FUNWhich theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food, culture, science, cartoons, movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like, there is a theme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether traveling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favourite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White or Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giantswinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever there is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeasternUSA, is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America's traditional southeastern culture.Although Dollywood has rides, the park's main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood, glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam- engine train still working in the southeast USA. You can even see beautifulbald eagles in the world's largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smallest space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all aboutAmerica's historical southeastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds ofEnglish knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England's Camelot Park is the place for you. Every area of the park is modelled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In one place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is agood place to visit. If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!FUTUROSCOP —EXCITEMENT AND LEARNINGLast week I took a journey deep into space, to the end of the solar system, and was pulled into a black hole. Then I took a trip to Brazil and experienced surviving an airplane crash in the jungle. After that, I joined some divers and went to the bottom of the ocean to see strange blind creatures that have never seen sunlight. For a break, I took part in some car racing and then skied down some of the most difficult mountains in the world. I ended my travels by meeting face to face with a dinosaur, the terrible T-Rex, and survived the experience!I did all this in one great day at Futuroscope. Opened in 1987, Futuroscope is one of the largest space-age parks in the world. This science and technology-based theme park in France uses the most advanced technology. Its 3-D cinemas and giant movie screens provide brand new experiences of the earth and beyond. Visitors can get close to parts of the world they have never experienced, going to the bottom of the ocean, flying through the jungle or visiting the edges of the solar system. The amazing, up-to-date information together with many opportunities for hands-on learning makes the world come to life in a completely new way for visitors. Learning centres throughout the park let visitors trytheir own scientific experiments, as well as learn more about space travel, the undersea world and much mote.I bought tickets for myself and my friends at the park's entrance, but tickets are also available online. Futuroscope is not only for individuals, but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings. Classes or other large groups that let Futuroscope know their plans in advance can get the group admission rate. For anyone coming from out of town, Futuroscope has many excellent hotels nearby, most of which provide a shuttle service to the park. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. Plan your trip well before starting, since Futuroscope has so many shows, activities and great souvenir shops that it is difficult to see them all. Come ready to walk a lot - be sure to wear some comfortable sneakers or other walking shoes!。

人教版高中英语电子课本必修四
《人教版高中英语必修四》是一本教材著名的英语教材，它不仅具有深厚的知
识储备，而且能使学生充分了解语言知识，提高英语水平。

《人教版高中英语必修四》以活用语言为重点，通过设置具有挑战性的交际任务和文化探究，帮助学生进行实际运用，培养他们的英语思维技能，实现学习的有效深入。

在课程的结构精密，内容丰富的同时，它坚持以学生为中心，不断增强学生的参与性，让学生充分发挥主体性，使学习和实践相结合。

此外，《人教版高中英语必修四》还提供了一些具体的练习环节，采用系统化
的课程安排，指导和督促学生进行大量的英语实践，极大的提高了学生的实践能力。

另外，《人教版高中英语必修四》还提出了全新的话题，以期能激发学生的学习热情，积极掌握英语知识，提高英语水平。

总而言之，《人教版高中英语必修四》是一款值得推荐的英语教材，它具有优
秀的内容，集系统知识、活用能力、文化交流和练习环节于一体，为同学们提供了有效的英语学习方案，可以帮助学生更好地提高英语能力。

必修四课文Unit 1 A Student Of African WildlifeIt is 3: 45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East African. Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behavior. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a money and then eating it . She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says:“Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It’s terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, “Aren’t they lucky?〞And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget……〞She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor’s degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can . She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. Unit 2 Working the LandA Pioneer For All PeopleAlthough he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the worldproduce one-third more of the crop in the same field. Now more than 60% the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmer’s family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world’s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn’t care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan had another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.Unit 3 A taste of English humourAs Victor Hogo once said,〞Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face〞, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie’s own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1989. His parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp,a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, ?The Gold Rush?.It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.Unit 4 Body LanguageYesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s students association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from British. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touch her shoulder and kissed her on the check! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced , George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George’s moving hand. They both apologized-another cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz , another international student , was from Jordon. When we met yesterday ,he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a biut, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face. They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz , on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countrieswill often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.As I get to know more international friends , I learn more about this cultural “body language〞. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken “ language〞through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to other or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy of South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well , such as the Japanese , who prefer to bow.These actions are not good or bad , but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general – not all members of a culture behave in the same way . In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of culture crossroads!Unit 5 Theme parksWhich theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food , culture, science, cartoons, movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sight and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like , there is a theme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favorite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White of Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever these is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA , is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America’s traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park’s main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood , glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train still working in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world’s largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smaller space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about Amerca’s historical southeastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England’s Camelot Park is the place for you. Every area of the park is modeled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In on place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit. If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!。

必修四课文Unit 1 A Student Of African WildlifeIt is 3: 45 am and the sun is just rising over Gombe National Park in East African. Following Jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. This means going back to the place where we left the family sleeping in a tree the night before. Everybody sits and waits in the shade of the trees while the family begins to wake up and move off. Then we follow as they wander into the forest. Most of the time, chimps either feed or clean each other as a way of showing love in their family. Jane warns us that our group is going to be very tired and dirty by the afternoon and she is right. However, the evening makes it all worthwhile. We watch the mother chimp and her babies play in the tree. Then we see them go to sleep together in their nest for the night. We realize that the bond between members of a chimp family is as strong as in human family.Nobody before Jane fully understood chimp behavior. She spent years observing and recording their daily activities. Since her childhood she had wanted to work with animals in their own environment. However, this was not easy. When she first arrived in Gombe in 1960, it was unusual for a woman to live in the forest. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. Her work changed the way people think about chimps. For example, one important thing she discovered was chimps hunt and eat meat. Until then everyone had thought chimps ate only fruit and nuts. She actually observed chimps as a group hunting a money and then eating it . She also discovered how chimps communicate with each other, and her study of their body language helped her work out their social system.For forty years Jane Goodall has been outspoken about making the rest of the world understand and respect the life of these animals. She has argued that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment or advertisements. She has helped to set up special places where they can live safely. She is leading a busy life but she says:“Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. It’s terrible. It affects me when I watch the wild chimps. I say to myself, “Aren’t they lucky?” And then I think about small chimps in cages though they have done nothing wrong. Once you have seen that you can never forget……”She has achieved everything she wanted to do: working with animals in their own environment, gaining a doctor’s degree and showing that women can live in the forest as men can . She inspires those who want to cheer the achievements of women. Unit 2 Working the LandA Pioneer For All PeopleAlthough he is one of China’s most famous scientists, Yuan Longping considers himself a farmer, for he works the land to do his research. Indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid rice. In 1974，he became the first agricultural pioneer in the worldproduce one-third more of the crop in the same field. Now more than 60% the rice produced in China each year is from this hybrid strain.Born into a poor farmer’s family in 1930, Dr Yuan graduated from Southwest Agricultural College in 1953. Since then, finding ways to grow more rice has been his life goal. As a young man, he saw the great need for increasing the rice output. At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields. In 1950, Chinese farmers could produce only fifty million tons of rice. In a recent harvest, however, nearly two hundred million tons of rice was produced. These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world’s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China. Dr Yuan is now circulating his knowledge in India, Vietnam and many other less developed countries to increase their rice harvests. Thanks to his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. Using his hybrid rice, farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.Dr Yuan is quite satisfied with his life. However, he doesn’t care about being famous. He feels it gives him less freedom to do his research. He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. He enjoys listening to violin music, playing mah-jong, swimming and reading. Spending money on himself or leading a comfortable life also means very little to him. Indeed, he believes that a person with too much money has more rather than fewer troubles. He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.Just dreaming for things, however, costs nothing. Long ago Dr Yuan had a dream about rice plants as tall as sorghum. Each ear of rice was as big as an ear of corn and each grain of rice was as huge as peanut. Dr Yuan awoke from his dream with the hope of producing a kind of rice that could feed more people. Now, many years later, Dr Yuan had another dream: to export his rice so that it can be grown around the globe. One dream is not always enough, especially for a person who loves and cares for his people.Unit 3 A taste of English humourAs Victor Hogo once said,” Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”, and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. He brightened the lives of Americans and British through two world wars and the hard years in between. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.Not that Charlie’s own life was easy! He was born in a poor family in 1989. His parents were both poor music hall performers. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. Such training was common in acting families at this time, especially when the family income was often uncertain. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. No one was ever bored watching him-his subtle acting made everything entertaining.As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. The tramp,a poor, homeless man with a moustache, wore large trousers, worn-out shoes and a small round black hat. He walked around stiffly carrying a walking stick. This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties. He was the underdog who was kind even when others were unkind to him.How did the little tramp make a sad situation entertaining? Here is an example from one of his most famous films, 《The Gold Rush》.It is the mid-nineteenth century and gold has just been discovered in California. Like so many others, the little tramp and his friend have rushed there in search of gold, but without success. Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountain during a snowstorm with nothing to eat. They are so hungry that they try boiling a pair of leather shoes for their dinner. Charlie first picks out the laces and eats them as if they were spaghetti. Then he cuts off the leather top of the shoe as if it were the finest steak. Finally he tries cutting and chewing the bottom of the shoe. He eats each mouthful with great enjoyment. The acting is so convincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted!Charlie Chaplin wrote, directed and produced the films he starred in. In 1972 he was given a special Oscar for his outstanding work in films. He lived in England and the USA but spent his last years in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. He is loved and remembered as a great actor who could inspire people with great confidence.Unit 4 Body LanguageYesterday, another student and I, representing our university’s students association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this year’s international students. They were coming to study at Beijing University. We would take them first to their dormitories and then to the student canteen. After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia, closely followed by Julia Smith from British. After I met them and then introduced them to each other, I was very surprised. Tony approached Julia, touch her shoulder and kissed her on the check! She stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands, as if in defence. I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada. As they were introduced , George reached his hand out to the Japanese student. Just at that moment, however, Akira bowed so his nose touched George’s moving hand. They both apologized-another cultural mistake!Ahmed Aziz , another international student , was from Jordon. When we met yesterday ,he moved very close to me as I introduced myself. I moved back a biut, but he came closer to ask a question and then shook my hand. When Darlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door, she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling face. They shook hands and then kissed each other twice on each cheek, since that is the French custom when adults meet people they know. Ahmed Aziz , on the contrary, simply nodded at the girls. Men from Middle Eastern and other Muslim countrieswill often stand quite close to other men to talk but will usually not touch women.As I get to know more international friends , I learn more about this cultural “body language”. Not all cultures greet each other the same way, nor are they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. In the same way that people communicate with spoken language, they also express their feelings using unspoken “language”through physical distance, actions or posture. English people, for example, do not usually stand very close to other or touch strangers as soon as they meet. However, people from places like Spain, Italy of South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. Most people around the world now greet each other by shaking hands, but some cultures use other greetings as well , such as the Japanese , who prefer to bow.These actions are not good or bad , but are simply ways in which cultures have developed. I have seen, however, that cultural customs for body language are very general – not all members of a culture behave in the same way . In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in today’s world of culture crossroads!Unit 5 Theme parksWhich theme park would you like to visit? There are various kinds of theme parks, with a different park for almost everything: food , culture, science, cartoons, movies or history. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller coasters, others for showing the famous sight and sounds of a culture. Whichever and whatever you like , there is a theme park for you!The theme park you are probably most familiar with is Disneyland. It can be found in several parts of the world. It will bring you into a magical world and make your dreams come true, whether travelling through space, visiting a pirate ship or meeting your favorite fairy tale or Disney cartoon character. As you wander around the fantasy amusement park, you may see Snow White of Mickey Mouse in a parade or on the street. Of course Disneyland also has many exciting rides, from giant swinging ships to terrifying free-fall drops. With all these attractions, no wonder tourism is increasing wherever these is a Disneyland. If you want to have fun and more than fun, come to Disneyland!Dollywood, in the beautiful Smoky Mountains in the southeastern USA , is one of the most unique theme parks in the world. Dollywood shows and celebrates America’s traditional southeastern culture. Although Dollywood has rides, the park’s main attraction is its culture. Famous country music groups perform there all year in indoor and outdoor theatres. People come from all over America to see carpenters and other craftsmen make wood , glass and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. Visit the candy shop to try the same kind of candy that American southerners made 150 years ago, or take a ride on the only steam-engine train still working in the southeast USA. You can even see beautiful bald eagles in the world’s largest bald eagle preserve. And for those who like rides, Dollywood has one of the best old wooden roller coasters, Thunderhead. It is world-famous for having the most length in the smaller space. Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about Amerca’s historical southeastern culture!If you want to experience the ancient days and great deeds of English knights and ladies, princes and queens, then England’s Camelot Park is the place for you. Every area of the park is modeled after life in the days of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. In on place, you can watch magic shows with Merlin the Wizard. If you want to see fighting with swords or on horseback, then the jousting area is a good place to visit. If you do well there, King Arthur may choose you to fight in the big jousting tournament. Do you like animals? Then visit the farm area, and learn how people in ancient England ran their farms and took care of their animals. To enter a world of fantasy about ancient England, come to Camelot Park!。