全国2017年10月00838语言与文化自考试题

全国2012年10月自学考试语言与文化试题(总分100,考试时间150分钟)课程代码：00838请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives **pletes the statement and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Anthropological culture refers to ______.A. culture in its broad senseB. culture in its narrow senseC. large C cultureD. academic culture2. Which of the following is NOT an example of **ponents of small c culture?A. Houses and foods.B. Political organizations.C. Gestures and facial expressions.D. World views.3. ______ meaning is **municative value an expression has in addition to the purely conceptual meaning.A. SocialB. ConnotativeC. AffectiveD. Reflected4. “Domicile”, “residence” and “home” are synonyms, but they are different so far as their ______meanings are concerned.A. conceptualB. reflectedC. socialD. thematic5. Which of the following is NOT a grammatical morpheme?A. -sB. -lyC. -estD. -ed6. a)He came to Shanghai in the fall of 2008.他2008年秋天来到上海。

2018年4月高等教育自学考试《语言与文化》试题课程代码：00838I. Each of thefollowing incomplete statements is followed by fouralternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternativescarefully and decide which of the four alternativesbest completesthe statement.1. Cultureis a phenomenon in that eachgeneration inherits the culture established by its forefathers.A. historicalB. verbalC. communicativeD. human2. Culturein its broad sense is also called culture.A. behaviouralB. anthropologicalC. academicD. small c .3. Thesupreme legislative body of the United Kingdom isA. prime ministerB. supreme courtC. congressD. parliament4.Connotations of words vary from culture to culture. In Chinese “宣传”is a neutral term. Its proper English equivalent isA. propagandaB. publicationC. conveying information toD. giving publicity to5. Gerunds,participles and infinitives in English are collectivelycalledA. auxiliary verbsB. non-finite verbsC. modal verbsD. linking verbs6. Englishspeakers tend to be analytic thinkers. In contrast, Chinese people tend to be thinkers.A. holisticB. logicalC. abstractD. deep7. Which ofthe following is NOT the personal name related to knowledge, authority or fame?A. John.B. Abraham.C. Henry.D. Benjamin.8. TheEnglish speaking people will say" "when they need to pass in front of others.A. I beg your pardonB. I'm sorryC. Excuse meD. Never mind9. Theidiomatic expression "to have two left feet" means" "A. to jokeB. to continue working hardC. to just make itD. to be clumsy10. "ARomeo" refers to a handsome young man, passionate, dashing, who has a waywith woman in English culture. It is an allusion fromA. mythologyB. religionC. historyD. literature11. So faras ideas are concerned, which of the following Chinese metaphorical expressionsmakes the same analogy as the English expression "He keeps up-to-date byreading the New York Review of Books"?A．味同嚼蜡 B．旧观念复活C．新、旧观念 D．新思想萌芽12.The red colour is usually associated with celebrations and joyful occasions, asin the following English expressions EXCEPTA.a red letter dayB. the red light districtC.paint the town redD.the red carpet13. To soundmodest and humble, one might use “鄙人”as to refer to himself in ancient times.A. aeuphemismB. anhonorificC. atabooD. aterm of humility14. TheEnglish euphemism for "ugly" isA. slenderB. plain lookingC. skinnyD. physicallyhandicapped15. Whichconnective should be put into the blank in order to show adversative relation betweenthe following sentences?For the whole clay he climbed up the steepmountainside, ahnost without stopping. he was hardly aware of being tired.A. YetB. AndC. SoD. Then16. If onehas a conversation with his colleagues or classmates, the spoken style can beA. formalB. consultativeC. casualD. intimate17. The useof a large number of technical terms is the most salient feature ofA. newspaper reportingB. brand namesC. advertisementsD. English for scienceand technology18. All theplanets got their names from Greco-Roman mythology EXCEPTA. MarsB. VenusC. EarthD. Mercury19. Yourfriend is going to have an interview for a new job. Youmay tosignify goodluck to him.A. stamp your footB. cross your forefingerand middle fingerC. wag your forefingerD. chew your finger nails20. Publicterritories are open to anyone and are seldom under constant control of anyperson or group, such asA. mother's kitchenB. father's chairC. classroom seatsD. library tablesII. Each ofthe following incomplete statements is followed by fouralternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives cancomplete the statement. There is more than one correct answer to each question.21. Modelsfor the analysis of culture may includeA. key questionsB. the thematic modelC. seven facetsD. the sociologicalmodel22. SomeEnglish words are related to the American history like" "A. dukeB. Continental CongressC. knightD. the May Flower23. Which ofthe following statements are TRUE?A. In English all the prefixes arederivational morphemes.B.'The inflectional morphemes in Englishare mainly word endings.C.The inflectional morphemes are also called grammatical morphemes.D. When attached to words, thederivational morphemes do not change the word class ofthe words.24. Parentsselect names for their children according totheir conceptsshaped by the culture they are in.A. moralB. aestheticC. economicD. political25. Theproverbs related to thrift are" "A. From saving comes havingB. Wives and children are bills ofchargesC. Tell money after your own fatherD. Frugality is an estate alone26. Thefollowing expressions that are associated with vigor and energy are" "A. a green old ageB. a greenhornC.green-eyedD. toremain green forever27. InEnglish culture, anything related to privacy or considered personal are taboo,such asA. incomeB. religiousbeliefC. family memberD. hobbies28. Thesentences in a text may be linked by means.A. linguisticB. grammaticalC. iexicalD. theoretical29. Thepronunciation difference between American and British English can be found in" "A. roadB. carC. heroD. chance30.Nonverbal messages can be used to accent or emphasize distinct points in verbalmessages, such asA. pausing before saying somethingB. saying something louder than usualC. saying something quickerD. speaking in a lower voice thanusualIII.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.31. Languageis in that there is no logicalrelationship between language elements and their meaning.32. The wordfor the union in one Godhead of three persons, Father, Son and Holy Ghost is33. Thereare passive sentences in English, whichare active in form but passive in meaning, as illustrated by the sentence"The door locks easily".34.Americans value homemade objects. To ask if something, food, clothes ordecorations of furniture, is homemade is a35.Generally, phrasal verbs occur often in English,while their corresponding single words are frequently found in writing.36. A is a direct comparison between two ormore unlike things, normally introduced by "like" or "as".37.Nowadays, most native speakers of English try to avoid sounding likea sexist.For example,is used to replace "chairman" torefer to a male or a female who presidesa meeting.38. In anormal text sentences are connected either hypotactically or39. Englishis a language notorious for the non-correspondence between pronunciation and spelling.One reason is that there are toomany wordsfrom other languages, such as "metre" from French.40.Interpretation of nonverbal behaviors is dependent.IV.Answer the following questions briefly.41. Whatdoes culture emphasize when it is discussed in its narrow sense?42. Which ofthe following words are positive in meaning in English but pejorative orneutral in Chinese?ambitious, boss, do-gooder, self-made man, individualism43. Explainhow English and Chinese advertising differ.44. Whatfunctions do nonverbal messages have in human communication?V.Translation.45．他浑身哆嗦，脸色苍白，步履缓慢，好像一动就疼痛。

2018年10月高等教育自学考试《语言与文化》试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the statements is followed by four alternatives. Read following incomplete each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. Without the emergence of man would remain what he was one or two million years ago.A.cultureB. speechC. languageD. thinking2. When we say that language is , we mean that the language is rule governed.A.systematicB. arbitraryC. vocalD. symbolic3. The relationship between a word and an object in the real world to which the word refers isthe meaning of the word.A. connotativeB. socialC. affectiveD. conceptual4. If an entry in a dictionary consists of two or more words, it will be treated as aA. phraseB. clauseC. compoundD. sentence5. The following Chinese sentences are implicit passive sentences EXCEPTA．花晒着太阳了。

2017自考试题及答案****一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10题，共20分）1. 自考制度最早起源于哪个国家？A. 美国B. 英国C. 德国D. 中国答案：B2. 自考的全称是什么？A. 自主考试B. 自主招生C. 自学考试D. 自主学习答案：C3. 自考的学历层次包括哪些？A. 专科B. 本科C. 硕士D. 以上都是答案：D4. 自考的考试形式主要有哪些？A. 笔试B. 口试C. 实践D. 以上都是答案：D5. 自考的学历证书由哪个部门颁发？A. 教育部B. 人力资源和社会保障部C. 国家教育委员会D. 各省教育厅答案：A6. 自考的报名条件是什么？A. 高中毕业B. 大专毕业C. 无学历限制D. 本科毕业答案：C7. 自考的考试时间一般安排在什么时候？A. 每年1月和7月B. 每年4月和10月C. 每年6月和12月D. 每年3月和9月答案：B8. 自考的学分制是如何规定的？A. 每门课程固定学分B. 每门课程学分不固定C. 根据课程难度定学分D. 根据课程时长定学分答案：A9. 自考的毕业条件是什么？A. 修满学分B. 通过所有课程考试C. 完成毕业论文D. 以上都是答案：D10. 自考的学位申请条件是什么？A. 获得毕业证书B. 平均成绩达到70分以上C. 通过学位英语考试D. 以上都是答案：D二、多项选择题（每题3分，共5题，共15分）1. 自考的特点包括哪些？A. 灵活性C. 经济性D. 便捷性答案：ABCD2. 自考的报考对象包括哪些？A. 在职人员B. 待业人员C. 学生D. 退休人员答案：ABCD3. 自考的课程设置包括哪些？A. 公共基础课B. 专业基础课C. 专业课答案：ABCD4. 自考的考试方式包括哪些？A. 闭卷考试B. 开卷考试C. 计算机考试D. 面试答案：ABCD5. 自考的毕业论文要求包括哪些？A. 字数要求B. 格式要求C. 内容要求D. 答辩要求答案：ABCD三、判断题（每题2分，共10题，共20分）1. 自考是一种国家承认的高等教育形式。

全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838本试卷满分100分，考试时间150分钟.考生答题注意事项：1.本卷所有试题必须在答题卡上作答。

答在试卷上无效。

试卷空白处和背面均可作草稿纸。

2.第一部分为选择题。

必须对应试卷上的题号使用28铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。

3.第二部分为非选择题。

必须注明大、小题号，使用0．5毫米黑色字迹签字笔作答。

4.合理安排答题空间。

超出答题区域无效。

第一部分选择题I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (1% 20=20%)1. Which of the following is NOT one of the important properties of language?A. Language is arbitrary.B. Language is systematic.C. Language is used for communication.D. Language is used by both human beings and animals.2. Such questions as “How do you think and feel about your family?”, “How do you treat a guest?”and “What is your greatest ambition?”highlight the ______ aspects of culture.A. thematicB. institutionalC. behaviouralD. individual3. ______ is the basic meaning presented by meaningful linguistic units, including words and is often, though notalways, the central factor in linguistic communication.A. Conceptual meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Social meaningD. Affective meaning4. Both “pretty” and “handsome” can mean nice looking, but “pretty” is often used together with “girl”, “woman”, “garden” etc., while “handsome” frequently appears together with “boy”, “man”, “car” etc., because these are the ______ of these two terms.A. collocative meaningB. connotative meaningC. affective meaningD. reflected meaning5. Which of the following is NOT an inflectional morpheme?A. -ingB. -erC. -mentD. -s6. a) What’s the majority’s opinion?大多数人的意见怎样?b)Where’s today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪里?The above two examples indicate that ______.A. cases are represented explicitly in pronouns in ChineseB. formal markers for cases in nouns are required in EnglishC. pronouns are marked explicitly for cases in ChineseD. Chinese pronouns do show formal variation for cases7. In English ______ are more distinctive than given names.A. surnamesB. nicknamesC. pen namesD. pet names8. ______are popular among female English speakers.A. Religious namesB. Plant namesC. Names of knowledgeD. Names of fame9. The phrasal verb “look forward to” means” “ ______”.A. examineB. seekC. expectD. watch10. A captivating man known as a great lover or seducer of women is often referred to asA. an Uncle TomB. a Don QuixoteC. an Oliver TwistD. a Don Juan11. “You chicken!” he cried, looking at Tom with contempt. In this sentence, “chicken” is usedmetaphorically to refer to ______.A. tendernessB. domestic fowlC. cowardsD. tamed animals12. Which of the following statements metaphorically tells us that life is a gambling game?A. I’ll take my chance.B. I’ve had a full life.C. His life contained a lot of sorrow.D. Their marriage is on its last legs.13. If Professor John Smith allows himself to be called John, ______.A. he might not be respected by his colleaguesB. he must be more respected by his colleaguesC. he might be kept a distance away from his colleaguesD. he might enjoy a harmonious relationship with his colleagues14. To sound modest and humble, one might have to use ______ to refer to oneself, one’s relatives, and one’s personalbelongings.A. honourificsB. terms of humilityC. euphemismsD. taboos15. Hypotactic relations at the sentential level refer to constructions whose components arelinked through the use of ______.A. verbsB. nounsC. conjunctionsD. prepositions16. “Up you go, chaps!” The speaking style of the above sentence is______.A. formalB. consultativeC. casualD. intimate17. Chinese advertising as a whole is more ______ than English advertising.A. informativeB. formalC. persuasiveD. interesting18. In legal documents learned words are used frequently. A great many of them are from ______.A. FrenchB. Indian languagesC. LatinD. German19. In English culture, what does it mean if a girl smiles to a male stranger when coming across him in a universitycampus?A. She loves him.B. She is an immoral girl.C. She is friendly.D. She mistakes him for her acquaintance.20. Which of the following can be classified into the secondary territory, which is usually not central to the daily activities of the owner and not under their exclusive control?A. One’s own room.B. Your seat in the classroom.C. Supermarket.D. Theatre seats.II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. There are more than one correct answer. (1% 10=10 %)21. Which of the following statements are the interpretation of culture in its narrow sense?A. Materials man has got to satisfy his needs.B. Social institutions and organizations man has established.C. Language and other communication systems.D. Customs, habits and behavioural patterns.22. Which of the following can be brought together under the heading associative meaning?A. Social meaning.B. Affective meaning.C. Conceptual meaning.D. Collocative meaning.23. In the English sentence “We are students”, all the three words are in plural forms, demonstrating grammatical______ of the English language as regards the number, a grammatical category.A. implicitnessB. explicitnessC. consistencyD. instability24. In English ______ are flower names.A. AngelaB. LauraC. ViolaD. Brenda25. Which of the following idioms are in relation to mannerisms?A. To ride one’s high horse.B. No man is an island.C. A marriage of convenience.D. To keep a straight face.26. According to Lakoff, an American linguist, similes and metaphors are ways of thinking. They are used in______.A. unusual occasionsB. literary worksC. everyday speechesD. body language27. In which of the following situations does a Chinese use honourifics to show respect to a superior?A. When he is talking with a superior.B. When he is writing to a superior.C. When the superior he refers to is present.D. When the superior he refers to is absent.28. If the sentences in a text exhibit cohesion, they are connected by ______ means.A. grammaticalB. systematicC. lexicalD. meaningful29. American English differs from British English mainly in ______.A. pronunciationB. spellingC. grammarD. sentence structure30. Many cultures allow people to interact at a much closer distance and are therefore referred to as contact cultures, which include______.A. AsiansB. Latin AmericansC. Southern EuropeansD. Arabs非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

全国2006年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives．Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement．(20%)1．Venus is the Roman god of ．( )A．beauty and love B．agricultureC．the departed spirits D．the sea2．The expression “to kick the bucket” means ．( )A．to be angry B．to go awayC．to die D．to get out3．Oscar is a ．( )A．religious name B．flower nameC．name of authority D．weapon name4．In English culture “green” connotes ．( )A．longevity B．prosperityC．immaturity D．sincerity5．The phrasal verb “look towards” corresponds in meaning to the single word: ( )A．inspect B．examineC．seek D．anticipate6．The English-speaking people use the word “chicken” metaphorically to refer to ．( ) A．a small creature B．a cowardC．a fool D．a hero7．Camellia is a ．( )A．religious name B．flower nameC．weapon name D．name of authority8．A game played on horseback by two teams of players on a ground is called ．( ) A．hockey B．poloC．rugby D．golf9．A sweet dish typically composed of fruit baked with pastry is called ．( )A．hamburger B．sandwichC．hot dog D．pudding10．The nonverbal messages that are consistent with accompanying verbal messages, but add to or strengthen or clarify the verbal message serve the function of ．( )A．regulating B．repeatingC．complementing D．accenting11．The word coined in 1971 to refer to either a male or a female who presides over a meeting or an organization is “”．( )A．chair-sitter B．chairpersonC．president D．pressman12．The racist word for persons of Italian of Spanish birth or descent is “_______”．( )A．Dagos B．KikesC．Japs D．Polacks13．Textual connectives are used to link ______．（）A．words and phrases in a sentence B．clauses in a sentenceC．sentences and paragraphs D．different texts14．贵府is equivalent to in English．（）A．your honorable home B．your homeC．your valuable house D．your house 15．Language, culture, and thought , each influencing and shaping the other two．（）A．alternate B．changeC．interact D．substitute16．“Chewing one’s finger nails”signifies ．（）A．contempt B．guiltyC．happiness D．worry17．The relationship between language and culture is that ．（）A．language and culture interact B．culture determines languageC．language determines culture D．language and culture are parallel18．The distance zone ranging from 18 inches to about four feet is referred to as the ______zone．（）A．intimate B．publicC．casual-personal D．socio-consultative19．Which of the following sentences demonstrates hypotactic relation?（）A．Bread and butter is my favourite breakfast．B．I think he is right．C．I told him exactly when I would leave for Paris．D．He bought tea, coffee, eggs, milk, etc．20．The difference found in answers to negative questions between English and Chinese demonstrates that _______．（）A．English speakers are direct and Chinese speakers are indirectB．English speakers are individualistic and Chinese speakers are politeC．English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic languageD．Chinese speakers are strongly influenced by the environment, the way in which the question is formed, while English speakers are notⅡ．Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives．Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement．There might be more than one correct answer．(10%) 21．“To be all thumbs” is synonymous to “________”．（）A．to be proud B．to be clumsyC．to be good at doing something D．to be bad at doing something22．“黑面包” can be translated into “________”．（）A．black bread B．blue breadC．brown bread D．red bread23．“_________” is an euphemism for “lavatory”．（）A．Bathroom B．Comfort roomC．Convenient room D．Powder room24．When people are introduced, ________．（）A．they always shake handsB．they normally shake hands in formal or business situationsC．they do not always shake handsD．men shake hands more often than women25．In English speaking countries, ________ are frequently advertised．（）A．sexual service B．domestic serviceC．medicines D．cigarette26．Body language includes such meaning representing devices as（）A．facial expressions B．gesturesC．dress D．artifacts27．Which one is right in the following statements? （）A．Hypotactic language is unambiguous and paratactic language is ambiguous．B．Hypotactic language like English relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．C．Paratactic language like Chinese never relies on conjunctions for sentence construction．D．Hypotactic and paratactic relations can be found in both English and Chinese．28．Conceptual meaning refers to __________ content．（）A．cognitive B．stylisticC．associative D．logical29．In a flowery Chinese descriptive text one can find quite a number of ________．（）A．adjectives and adverbs B．hyperbolesC．four-character expressions D．similes and metaphors30．Culture in its technical sense is _________．（）A．human specific B．a social phenomenonC．a national phenomenon D．a historical phenomenonⅢ．Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression．(12%)31．The word in American English for “电梯” is _______________．32．In informal situations English speakers tend to address others by using their ________ names．33．Conceptual meaning is the ____________ a word conveys．34．It is often said that English is a language with _______________ grammar and Chinese a language with ___________ grammar．35．The English equivalent idiom for “开某人玩笑” or “捉弄某人” is ______________．36．If he’d thought I would sit there meek as a ___________ while he abused my family, he must have got a real surprise．37．But this is an odd thing, though he’s impulsive, he’s as stubborn as a _____________．38．When we talk about international affairs, “___________” may be used as the euphemism for a “military action”．39．It has been claimed that the linear development of English texts is caused by the ________ thinking style preferred by English speakers．40．The connective “further” in “My client says he does not know this witness．Further, he denies even having seen her or spoken to her．” indicates a(n) relation between sentences．41．Language is vocal, which means that speech is the of language．42．Of the five categories of gestures are perhaps the most important one because they are intentional behaviours with widely agreed meanings in a society．Ⅳ．Answer the following questions briefly．(12%)43．What is the major contrast between English and Chinese letters of request?44．What is the British equivalent for the American word “schedule”?45．What does the expression “a white elephant” mean?46．What is a future-oriented society?47．Which aspect of English culture does the proverb “an Englishman’s house is his castle”reflect?48．Why are branching sentence patterns preferred in English?Ⅴ．Translation．(16%)49．Would you like some more of this fish?50．Wine ended him．51．Besides football, the most popular games in the United States are baseball and basketball．52．Old-fashioned notions have no place in today’s society．53．The theory of relativity gave birth to an enormous number of ideas in physics．54．敬请光临。

绝密★考试结束前全国2013年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分注意事项：1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试题卷上。

I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and blacken your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)1. Language is vocal. This statement means that the primary medium of language is _____.A. writingB. speechC. body languageD. native language2. A person who cannot read or write is only an “illiterate”. However, a person who cannot speak is normally regarded as“disabled”. This fa ct shows _____.A. speech existed long before the writing system came into beingB. normal children always learn to speak firstC. speech is more important than writing for people’s daily lifeD. written symbols are designed to represent speech3. “Statesman” and “politician” can both be used to refer to a high gover nment official. “Politician” conveys a derogative meaning while “statesman” does not. In this sense, the two words are mainly distinguished by their _____ meaning.A. conceptualB. connotativeC. socialD. affective4. Which of the following pairs of English expressions and their Chinese equivalents is NOT correct?A. house-warming—房屋供暖B. wall clock—挂钟C. stop watch—跑表D. contact lenses—隐形眼镜5. In which sentence does “it” function on ly as a grammatical subject and not refer to anything?Sentence 1: It is raining.Sentence 2: It is 9:00 o ’clock.Sentence 3: It is very cold.Sentence 4: It is my book.A. Sentence 1,2B. Sentence 3,4C. Sentence 1,2,3D. Sentence 2,3,46. How many morphemes are there in the word “international”?7. You invite your English speaking friend to have dinner in your house. When he compliments that the food is very tasty, your response might be “_____”.A. No, it’s not good at all.B. Thank you. I’m glad you like it.C. You are so nice to say so.D. My cooking is poor.8. “Excuse me” can be used in the following occasions EXCEPT _____.A. when people want to pass in front of othersB. when people want to leave a partyC. when people are a few minutes late for an appointmentD. when people want to excuse themselves from company9. “Red tape” means _____.A. a red cassetteB. the rigid unnecessary official rules and regulationsC. the necessary official rules and regulationsD. a red string10. The English equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” canbe“ _____”.A. rats desert a sinking shipB. a small leak will sink a great shipC. he that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. let another’s shipwreck be your seamark11. What does the expression “a blue fit” mean in informal English?A. a girl’s dressB. alarmC. unhappy feelingsD. a sad day12. What is the meaning of “a bear” in “He is a bear at fine arts.”?A. a huge guyB. a wealthy manC. good atD. clumsy13. A Chinese shows respect not only to a superior as his interlocutor. He uses honorifics to refer to his superior no matter whether his superior is present or not. For example, an emperor was called _____ when he was referred to in speeches or letters.A. 殿下B. 皇帝C. 陛下D. 圣上14. Euphemisms are also frequently used in education. If a teacher describes a student as “being able to do better workwith help”, he might mean that the student is _____.A. slowB. lazyC. cheating in classD. lying15. The logical relation the sentences below exhibit is _____.－Are your parents coming to the Expo Sites?－Yes, they are.A. coherenceB. cohesionC. connectionD. conduction16. What is the logical relation of the sentences below?“Tickets, please. ” said the conductor. In a moment passengers were holding out their tickets.A. additiveB. adversativeC. causalD. temporal17. Uranium is the god of _____.A. heavens and father of TitansB. the sea, son of Saturn and brother of JupiterC. agriculture and father of JupiterD. the sky and the king of the gods18. In contemporary legal documents _____ are used thinly.A. loan wordsB. adjectivesC. punctuation marksD. long sentences19. Crossing one’s forefinger and middle finger signifies_____ in English speaking countries.A. surpriseB. good luckC. victoryD. frustration20. In proxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement and blacken your answer(s) on the ANSWER SHEET. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%) 21. Language is not entirely arbitrary. The words which have association with the sounds or the meaning of the compounds are not arbitrary. Which of the following English or Chinese words are NOT created arbitrarily?A. redB. greenhouseC. 钉子D. 叮当22. Affective meaning is communicated when the feelings or attitudes are expressed in language.Which of the following expressions are chiefly used to convey affective meaning?A. My god!B. It’s my book.C. You are a liar.D. You are a student.23. Which of the following words have more than one morpheme?A. beesB. mapC. herD. nicer24. The personal names related to the date of birth are quite popular in China. Which of the following names can reflect such feature?A. 蒋飞扬B.贾元春C. 蔡国庆D.潘长江25. “To ride one’s high horse” means _____.A. to be proudB. to be haughtyC. to be energeticD. to be arrogant26. “Purple” in English culture is often associated with_____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something best27. Which of the following is the euphemism of “poor”?A. needyB. underprivilegedC. shabbyD. disadvantaged28. In the normal text sentences are connected _____.A. arbitrarilyB. hypotacticallyC. paratacticallyD. randomly29. Regulators, which help us to interact with other people, include _____.A. head-scratchingB. hand gesturesC. lip-bitingD. head nods30. Human beings have a strong sense of territory and their territories can be classified into the following categories _____.A. privateB. publicC. primaryD. secondary非选择题部分注意事项：用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

全国2012年10月自学考试语言与文化试题(总分：100.00，做题时间：150分钟)一、课程代码：00838 (总题数：1，分数：0.00)二、I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(20%)(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1. Anthropological culture refers to ______.（分数：1.00）A.culture in its broad senseB.culture in its narrow sense √rge C cultureD.academic culture解析：本题主要考查人类学文化。

狭义的文化又被称作“小写c文化”或“人类学文化”。

2.Which of the following is NOT an example of the components of small c culture?（分数：1.00）A.Houses and foods. √B.Political organizations.C.Gestures and facial expressions.D.World views.解析：本题主要考查狭义的文化的内容成分。

“小写c文化”即狭义的文化，它不包括物质生产，它强调一个民族的风俗、习惯和行为模式，并关注制约它们的价值体系、世界观和民族性。

它也强调人们建立起来的社会制度与社会组织等。

全国 2004年 10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码： 00838I . Each of the followi ng in complete stateme nts if followed by four alter natives. Readeach statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the fouralternatives best completes the statement.（20%）1.The expression “physically handicapped ” is the euphemistic e（quivalent ）of ”.A.uglyB. skinnyC. deafD. crippled2.A（）is a small open space symbolically enclosed with very low walls and adjoining abuilding.A.semihouseB. balconyC. plotD. yard3.English grammar is often said to be（）because English uses frequently inflectionalmorphemes to indicate the grammatical relations between linguistic elements.A.paratacticB. hypotacticC. explicitD. implicit4.The word （“）”is American spelling.A.colourB. travellerC. metreD. defense5.Smiling when criticized would be considered（）in American culture.A.improperB. politeC. friendlyD. frivolous6.A meddlesome person whopries into others ' aff（airs is a ）.A.busmanB. busybodyC. ladies ' manD. do-gooder7.English is the language which（）.A.demonstrates more hypotactic relations than Chinese does.B.demonstrates more paratactic relations than Chinese does.C.demonstrates only hypotactic relations.D.only relies on conjunctions for sentence construction.8.The idiomatic expression “between Scylla and Charybdis ” can （be transla）ted. intoA. 费了九牛二虎之力B. 进退两难C. 坐失良机D. 昙花一现9.Nike is the name of（）in Greek mythology.A. a heroineB. the goddess of victoryC. the goddess of fortuneD. a wealthy lady10.English speakers usually give small gifts to（）on his or her birthday.A. a casual friendB. a new acquaintanceC. a public servantD. a good friend11.（）can function as an appropriate reply to an invitation.A.“Thank you very much. I 'll come if I 'm free then ”B.“Thank you very much. But I can 't accept your invitationC.“That would be nice. Thank you ”D. “Thank you, I'll try to come ”12.When you want to compliment the new coat Mary wears, you can sa（y ）A. “I like your new coat. ”B.“That's very nice coat you 're wearing. It must be very expensive.C.“You look much younger in this coat. ”D.“How much did you pay for this coat? ”13.The proverbial expression （）.A. Geoffrey Chaucer “life is but a walking shadow ” is derived from theworks ofB. John MiltonC. Francis BaconD. William Shakespeare14.In English culture“ ” is often asso（ciatedA. experienceB. an old ageC. jealousyD. failure15. “A pedant or erudite female intellectual ” can（be referre）d .to asA. a blue ribbonB. a blue stockingC. a grey mareD. a greengrocer16.The effort to rescue Americancaptives in Iran in 1980 failed and it was called a（n）（）” “A. incomplete successB. partial successC. intangible successD. mental success17.English speakers expect to be immediately informed of （）the letter theyhave received is written.A. the purpose for whichB. the reasons for whichC. the date on whichD. the place in which18.“Ticke ts, please! ” said the guard, putting his head in at the window. （）everybodywas holding out a ticket.A. Until thenB. To this endC. At lastD. In a moment19.Gestures that are used to help explain the spoken words a（re ）.A. regulatorsB. illustratorsC. adaptersD. emblems20.“A person or thing suddenly lifted from obscurity to honour or significance ” can as（）.A. a CleopatraB. a PandoraC. a CinderellaD. a Davidn . Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.（10%）21.When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally sa（y ）.. “It 's very nice ”AB.“This is really what I want ”C.“It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much ”D. “How much is it? Thank you very much ”22.The English equivalents to 副” in “Chinese a（re ）.A. lieutenantB. underC. deputyD. vice23.In English culture, “white ”（connote）s.A. reactionB. deathC. innocenceD. purity24.Inductive argumentation has been related t（o）.A. The linear thinking patternB. The branching thinking patternC. Inductive reasoningD. Indirect personality 25.In individualistic culture, （）.A. an unexpected visitor may be refused franklyB.when you visit somebody, you could stay at his or her home for longC.it is quite common for several friends to pay respectively for what they have had in a restaurantD.it 's not common for parents to pay their children for what they have done for the family26.“ A Pandora ' s box ” refers to a present or so（mething ）.A. which the gods send to PandoraB.which brings happiness but looks uglyC.which a bride traditionally gives to a bridegroomD. which seems valuable but brings misfortune27.Much of the（）information is conveyed by eye behaviours.A. factualB. attitudinalC. emotionalD. cultural28.In general, American 's postures （are more ）than the Chinese speakers '.A. casualB. aggressiveC. reservedD. appropriate29.The English speakers who expect a text to be developed linearly may find（it ）.A. interesting to read a spirally developed textB.difficult to follow a spirally developed textC.illogic to develop a text spirallyD.reasonable to develop a text spirally30.“哪里” as a reply to a polite comment such as “You're one of the top scholars inthis fieldbe translated into （“ ）”.A. No. That 's not trueB. Not reallyC. It 's such a small fieldD. You 're joking川.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.（12%）31.In a formal English letter of invitation, the inviter 's name normally comes t he invitee 's name.32.The English equivalent of 内人is __________ .33.The English functional equivalent to 您过奖了is _________ .34.Only human beings possess what can be called _________ in the true sense ofthe term.35.Never cast your _________before swine.36.Man proposes, God __________ .37.Many plant and place names such as “poker” and “Mississippi ” in AmericanEnglish come from __________ .38. ________________________________________________________ Each language represents a unique system of meaning in ______________________________________ ways.39. ____________________________________________________________ English speakers are direct people whotend to locate ______________________________________ meaning before peripheral meaning.40. ________________________________________________________ A little old womanwith a wrinkle face as brown as a _______________________________________ told us our fortune for ten pence.41. _________________________________________________________________________ D ifferences in word order between Chinese and English are related to ___________________________ .42. __________ time orientation refers to how people feel, think, or perceive timeand how it influences their daily communication and lives.IV. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)43.What is artistic thinking?44.What is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat ”?45.What's the general rule in English culture when introductions are conducted?46.From which language is the word “cookie ” borrowed?47.What does “a white hope ” refer to?48.Are there honourifics in English? If there are, what are they?V. Translation: (16%)49.It 's a long time since he went west.50.Rain started patter on the roof.51.You can't judge a person according to his or her appearance.52.52.人不犯我，我不犯人。

全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ.Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)nguage is ________.( )A.the product of the human brainB.rule governedC.independent of cultureD.the result of social institutions2.Culture is a loan word from ________.A.FrenchtinC.RomanD.Norwegian3.In South Africa, Australia and New Zealand the first week day after Christmas is ________.( )A.Boxing DayB.Thanksgiving DayC.EasterD.St.Valentine's Day4.A bun or bread roll containing fried or grilled steak is called .( )A.hamburgerB.sandwichC.hot dogD.pudding5.In the following words,________ contains a derivational morpheme.A.nicerB.mapsC.precedeD.worked6.In the following statements,________ is not true.( )A.“English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese is a language with implicit grammar.”B.“Compared with Chinese, English has more grammatical morphemes that are used more frequently ineither speech or writing.”C.“Chinese has no grammatical morphemes.”D.“Grammatical explicitness and consistency are required in English.”7.We can often find personal names in English that are related to .( )A.historical eventsB.natural phenomenaC.influential figuresD.the place of birth8.Abraham is a ________.( )A.religious nameB.flower nameC.weapon name of authority9.The Chinese personal letters generally sound more ________ in tone than their corresponding English ones.A.formalrmalC.ornateD.plain10.“To have the tendency to stretch the truth”can be used as the euphemism for “________”.( )A.to provide true informationB.to tell others’ fortuneC.to lieD.to steal11.The expression that can be used as the euphemism for “garbage collector”is “________”.A.collecting engineerB.garbage engineerC.sanitary engineerD.sanitation engineer.12.寒舍is equivalent to ________ in English.A.my homeB.my humble homeC.my cold houseD.my shabby hut13.The Chinese expression“给我一座金山，我也不干”corresponds to the English idiom ________.( )A.to keep one's nose cleanB.not for all the tea in ChinaC.not to bat an eyelidD.to make one's flesh creep14.“Not to mince one's words”means ________.A.speak frankly,bluntly or coarselyB.speak indirectlyC.speak thoughtfullyD.speak mindlessly15.The expression “that young man is a bear at mathematics”has a similar meaning to ________.( )A.that young man is bad at mathematicsB.that young man is good at mathematicsC.that young man is clumsy at mathematicsD.that young man is a mathematician16.In English culture “white”connotes ________.( )A.deathB.crueltyC.reactionD.innocence17.British English is spoken in ________.( )A.Great BritainB.AustraliaC.New ZealandD.A,B,and C.18.Rubbing one's thumb against one's forefinger and middle finger means in English body languagesystem.A.moneyB.dirtC.OKD.victory19.Gestures that can fully take the place of spoken words are .( )A.illustratorsB.emblemsC.regulatorsD.adapters20.Generally ________ is the most difficult among the following in the learning of foreign nonverbalcommunication.( )A.transferB.reassociationC.conflictD.reinterpretationⅡ.EAch of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives.Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement.There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)21.In English culture “blue”is often associated with ________.( )A.unhappy feelingsB.high social positionC.jealousy and envycking experience22.The idiomatic expression“to put one's foot in one's mouth”means .( )A.to say something embarrassingB.to just make itC.to have an angry attitudeD.to say something wrong or unsuitable23.________is an outright offensive racist world.A.GirlB.BoyC.NiggerD.Negro24.At first we thought we would go for a holiday.________we learned we were needed at home.A.UnfortunatelyB.And thenC.UnexpectedlyD.Subsequently25.In British English,to gain the attention of a stranger, speakers often rely on “______”.( )A.Excuse meB.HelloC.Miss/Ma'am/Mister/sirD.I beg your pardon26.________are named after their designers or manufacturers.A.FordB.ChanelC.SalemD.Rolex27.Westerners often draw a cross by touching the forehead,breast and shoulders to invoke the blessing ofChrist,when they are ________.( )A.angryB.shockedC.sadD.amusednguage is ________.( )A.an instrument used in the communication of thought.B.the function of the human brain.C.nonverbal from the very beginningD.closely related to thinking.29.In the following cultural interpretations for the differences in word order between English andChinese,________ is reasonable.A.English people are inclined to think inductively, while Chinese people tend to think deductively.B.English people are inclined to think deductively, while Chinese people tend to think inductively.C.English people are direct and Chinese people are indirect.D.English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language.30.One can get ________ in a drugstore or chemist's shop.A.medicinesB.chemicalsC.toiletriesD.magazines.Ⅲ.Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)nguage is the carrier and ___________ of culture.32.Many English words are distinguished by their ___________ meanings,which are normally attached toconceptual meanings.33.In English all the prefixes are ___________ morphemes.34.Given names used as vocatives suggest ___________ between the addresser and the addressee.35.In ___________ argumentation the supporting facts or details are located before the conclusion.36.“Son of a bitch”, as a swear word, is more ___________ than “damn it”.37.When describing a place English speakers prefer ___________ language representing fresh ideas.38.The English proverbial expression ___________ corresponds to “明珠暗投”in Chinese.39.When I finally secured a small part in a television play my mother was as proud as a ___ and told all theneighbours about it.40.Similes and metaphors must have two components:___________ and ___________.41.___________in English is often used metaphorically to refer to a formidably fierce, cruel person,especially a woman.42.Nonverbal communication is often used with ___________ behaviours to convey meaning.Ⅳ.Answer the following questions briefly：(12%)43.What is the American equivalent for the British word “maize”?44.What does the gesture “touching or pointing to one's own nose by raised thumb ”signify in westernculture?45.What does “a shylock" allude to ?46.How would you explain in relation to culture the metaphorical statement “his skin was white asleprosy”?47.Why has it been claimed that English texts develop in a linear fashion?48.How will you explain the contrast of explicit grammar in English and implicit grammar in Chinese?Ⅴ.Translation:(16%)49.Do you see anything green in my eye?50.I can't thank you enough.——Don't mention it.51.The young man sitting between Mary and John is the editor-in-chief of our campus newspaper.52.The calmest husbands make the stormiest wives.53.Those born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.54.敬请光临55.作了婆婆忘了作媳妇时的苦。

全国自学考试试题语言与文化试卷全国高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. Language is_________. （）A. the product of the human brainB. rule governedC. independent of cultureD. the result of social institutions2.Culture is a social phenomenon because it is a _________ product of human societies.（）A. technical B. cooperativeC. newD. language3.A_________is a small open space symbolically enclosed with very low walls and adjoining a building.（）A. semi houseB. balconyC. plotD. yard4.English is often referred to as a _________ language because it uses frequently connectives to indicate the relation between linguistic elements. （）A. paratacticB. hypotacticC. branchingD. linear5.Decide which of the following words is the word with an inflectional morpheme.（）A. completeB. behaviorC. playedD. membership6.When receiving a gift, the English speakers normally say_________.（）A. “Thank you very much. How much is it?”B. “Where did you get it? This is really what I want.”C. “It must have cost you a lot. Thank you very much.”D. “It’s very nice.”7.Which expression is NOT appropriate for you to use after you receive an apology? （）1A. It’s O.K.B. It’s all right.C. Not at all.D. Never mind.8. A: Is Jenny co .ruing to the party?B: Yes, she is.The sentences in the above dialogue are connected by both grammatical and lexical means, so we say that they exhibit_________. （）A. cohesionB. coherenceC. coexistenceD. cooperation9.Most of the cultural interpretations of the difference between English and Chinese at the textual level are_________.（）A. conclusions rather than tentative assumptionsB,. tentative assumptions rather than conclusionsC. either tentative assumptions or conclusionsD. neither tentative assumptions nor conclusions10. In American English, the equivalent word for“公寓”is_________.（）A. departmentB. flatC. apartmentD. basement11.7 days without 7-up make one weak.In this advertisement, one can find the tactful use of _________.（）A. homophonesB. figure of speechC. repetitionD. several adjectives12. Nodding means “agreement”to Chinese and most Europeans. But in the Eskimo gesturalsystem, head nodding means“_________”. （）A. yesB. angerC. pleasureD. no13. _________is a construction, expression, etc., having a meaning different from the literal oneor not according to the usual patterns of the language.（）A. “T o pull one’s leg”B. “To keep a straight face”C. “To make a cat laugh”D. “To ride one’s high horse”14. The proverb “Homer sometimes nods”is related to_________.2（）A. Christianity B. Greco-Roman civilizationC. individualismD. insular culture15. In English culture _________ connote wisdom.A. miceB. chickensC. owlsD. mules16. _________is the symbol of fear, cowardice or timidity.（）A. A white slaveB. A white elephantC. A white hopeD. A white feather17. _________shows a biased attitude towards certain ethnic groups.A. Racist languageB. Religious languageC. Sexist languageD. Metaphorical language18. The thematic model emphasizes three culture elements: _________.（）A. traits, values and world viewsB. personal behaviours, thinking patterns and valuesC. norms, customs and circumstancesD. time, space and dimension19. _________are pleasant, polite or harmless sounding words or expressions used to mask harsh, rude or infamous truths.A. HonourificsB. Terms of humilityC. EuphemismsD. Taboos20. For example, a boy told his mother in a whispering voice that it was not he who broke thevase but did not dare to look at his mother in her eyes. How could one interpret his verbal and nonverbal messages? （）A. Complementing.B. Contradicting.C. RepeatingD. Regulating.Ⅱ. Each of the following incomplete statements is foll owed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide what alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Some of the important properties in a language are_________. （）3A. a set of symbolsB. human specificC. vocalD. unsystematic22. “Handsome”means nice looking and can be used together with the followingwords_________.（）A. villageB. vesselC. typewriterD. overcoat23. Inductive argumentation has been related to_________.（）A. the linear thinking patternB. the branching thinking patternC. inductive reasoningD. indirect personality24. When people are introduced, _________.（）A. they always shake handsB. they normally shake hands in formal or business situationsC. they do not always shake handsD. men shake hands more often than women25. The logical relationships between adjoining sentences can be classified into_________.（）A. additive B. adversativeC. causalD. temporal26. The word “hero”can be pr onounced as_________.（）A. ['her?v]B. ['hi:r?v]C. ['hir?v]D. ['hi?r?v]27. Silence may send the nonverbal messages of_________.（）A. displeasureB. pleasureC. indifferenceD. irritation28. _________means to be clumsy.（）A. “T o put one’s foot in one’s mouth”B. “To be all thumbs”C. “To have a chip on one’s shoulder”D. “To have two left feet”29. _________have the metaphorical meaning of timidity.（）4。

全国年高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码 The pony was revised in January 2021全国2003年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838第一部分选择题（共30分）I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read eachstatement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)cold dish of raw vegetables with a dressing is called _____.A. hamburgerB. sandwichC. saladD. puddinglanguages have _____ terms and distinguish at least three characteristics in relatives.A. generationB. subtleC. complicatedD. kinshipspeakers are direct people who tend to _____.A. locate peripheral meaning before central meaningB. locate central meaning before central meaningC. locate the modified after the modifierD. think holisticallyEnglish all the prefixes are _____ morphemes.A. inflectionalB. grammaticalC. derivationalD. implicitof the following statements is not true?A. English speakers have a relatively small range of possibilities to select from when namingtheir newly born babies.B. English surnames are more distinctive than given names.C. English given names are more distinctive than surnames.D. Names include given names, surnames, full names and nicknames or pet names.an English speaker refuses the compliment which merely comes out of politeness, he may say _____.A.“Do you really think so?”B.“Oh, I wish it could be true.”C.“Oh, you are too polite.”D.“No, I don’t think so.”7.“To make a cat laugh” means _____.A. to be comicB. to be tragicC. to be proudD. to be seriousEnglish equivalent for “前车之覆，后车之鉴” can be “_____”.A. Rats desert a sinking shipsmall leak will sink a great shipC. He that would sail without danger must never come on the main seaD. Let another’s shipwreck be your seamark9.“Green” connotes _____ in English culture.A. ProsperityB. immaturityC. longevityD. sincerity10.“Brown paper”corresponds to _____.A.棕色纸B.秘密文件C.揭露社会黑暗的报纸D.牛皮纸English equivalent for “空袭紧急警报” is _____.A. blue alertB. white alertC. red alertD. black alert12.“Sanitary engineer” is the euphemistic expression for “_____”.A. garbage collectorB. cleanerC. plumberD. gardener13.“敬请指正” can be treated as the Chinese equivalent of “_____” in English.A. I’d like to have your comments.B. Will you please point out my errors?C. I’d like to have errors correctedD. I’ll gratefully expect your comments.the speaker or writer discusses many things indirectly related to the central idea of the text and /or to each other he or she develops the text in a(n) _____ fashion.A .linear B. spiralC. inductiveD. deductivemost striking phonetic difference between American and British English is the pronunciation of _____ in words.A. rB. aC. whD. erfirst _____ made in 449 . had strong impact on the laws made later in most European countries.A. Roman lawB. Napoleonic CodeC. French lawD. British lawdistance zone ranging from 4 inches to about 8 feet is referred so as the _____ zone.A. publicB. intimateC. socio-consultativeD. casual-personalone’s open hand with palm down to one’s throat means “_____” in English culture.A. Shame on youB. I’m fullC. Kill yourselfD. You’re shorter than Iproxemics scholars are particularly interested in the _____ between interlocutors in interpersonal communication.A. relative rightsB. relationshipC. distanceD. relative obligationbrand name _____ is neutral or positive in meaning in Chinese culture but pejorative inEnglish culture?A.青岛啤酒B.白象牌电池C.泸洲老窖D.菊花电扇II. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer.(10%)are some important properties of language.A. UnsystematicB. Human specificC. VocalD. A set of symbolsthe expression “to meet one’s Waterloo”,the word “Waterloo” alludes to _____.A. a great victoryB. an achievementC. a final defeatD. a difficult or obstacleEnglish brand names _____ are coinages.A. TraneB. PlaytexC. PierreD. Cartanword “woman” can be defined conceptually as _____.A. an adult femaleB. prone to tearsC. long hair wearingD. biped25.“Purple” in English culture is often associated with _____.A. high rank or stationB. low rank or stationC. imperial or royal rankD. something bestare usually taboo topics in conversations between strangers in English culutre.A. Age and incomeB. Love and marriageC. Political and religious beliefsD. Personal opinions about daily affairsis onomatopoeic words.A. SquealB. MurmurC. RushD. Clickyou respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”,you should say “_____”.A. Thank you.B. No, I don’t think so at all.C. Do you really think soI was not sure whether it suits me.D. It’s very kind of you to say so.serve the function of substitution.A. Saying louder than usual to emphasize a verbal messageB. Pausing before saying something importantC. Waving goodbyeD. Beckoning another person to come“slow” student may be euphemistically referred to as “_____”.A. a mentally retarded studentB. one who is working at his/her own levelC. one who can do better work with helpD. a problem student第二部分非选择题(共70分)III. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(12%)invisible, portable space that surrounds us is referred to as _____ space.thinking interacts with English, while holistic thinking interacts with Chinese.33.“Pay one’s debt to nature” is the euphemism for _____.English equivalent of “寒舍” is _____.an English paragraph the sentence representing the central idea is referred to as _____ and often located at the initial part of the paragraph.is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more _____ than English advertising.language represents thought, it is _____ by thought.is generally true that an English word may represent a _____ or associative meaning different from that of its translation equivalent in Chinese.English functional equivalent for “敬请光临” is _____.English proverbial equivalent for “金无足赤，人无完人”is _____.English expression _____ is equivalent to “秃子头上的虱子——明摆着” in China.refers to a kind of journalism with heavy emphasis on scandals, or resenting ordinary news in a sensational manner.IV. Answer the following questions briefly:(12%)is the English equivalent for “黑信”is the British equivalent for the American word “raincoat”is the major difference between English and Chinese descriptive texts in style?is it said that English is a hypotactic language and Chinese is a paratactic language?hitchhiking is symbolized in English culture?cross-cultural contrasts can you find between English and Chinese titles in vocatives?V. Translation:(16%)breathed his last during the night.born to the purple are destined to live in the public eye.greatest artist of the first half of this century has long last gone the way of all flesh.rose by any other name would smell as sweet.53.为金钱而侍奉上帝的人会为更多的报酬服侍魔鬼。

全国2008年10月自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838I. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement.(20%)1.Culture is a loan word from _______.（）A. FrenchB. LatinC. RomanD. Norwegiannguage, culture, and thought _______ , each influencing and shaping the other two.（）A. alternateB. changeC. interactD. substitute3.A meddlesome pers on who pries into others’ affairs is called a _______. （）A. busmanB. busybodyC. ladies’ manD. do-gooder4.Thematic meaning is represented by the _______ of a word in a sentence.（）A. structureB. part of speechC. formationD. position5.The word “international” consists of _______ morphemes.（）A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 56.Which of the following statements is NOT true? （）A. English is a language with explicit grammar and Chinese is a language with implicit grammar.B. Compared with Chinese, English has more grammatical morphemes that are used morefrequently in either speech or writing.C. Chinese has no grammatical morphemes.D. Grammatical explicitness and consistency are required in English.7.Which of the following names is associated with Christianity? （）A. EdgarB. JosephC. AlexanderD. Iris8. When you’d like to make a reply to the thanks from others, you may say, “_______”.（）A. It’ s my pleasure.B. No. You’re too polite.C. It’s my duty.D. No.9.He saw a car accident when he was driving home.The above sentence is connected _______.（）A. hypotacticallyB. paratactiallyC. in a parallel wayD. unreasonably10. He didn’t work. Instead, he went to see a movie.The logical relationship between the above sentences is _______. （）A. additiveB. adversativeC. causalD. temoral11. “Congress passes tight budget.”From the above example of a news headline, we can see that the most salient feature of the headline is _______.（）A. repetitionB. concisionC. smoothnessD. omission12. In British English, the letter “i”in the word “mobile”is pronounced as ______. （）A. [?]B. []C. [ai]D. [i]13. If the speaker wishes to signal that it is another person’s turn to talk, he or she will f inish his or her present utterance, look directly at the other person, and stop gesticulating. In this situation, the function of nonverbal message is ________. （）A. regulatingB. contradictingC. accentingD. substituting14. Nonverbal communication is communication without ________. （）A. actionB. gesturesC. eye contactD. words15. The proverb “gossiping, and lying go hand in hand” is derived from _______. （）A. the BibleB. Greco-Roman CivilizationC. ChristianityD. geographic knowledge16. The proverb “Bacchus bath drowned more men than Neptune” is related to ________.（）A. navigationB. wineC. geographyD. history17. In both English and Chinese ________ may be associated with pride. （）A. owlsB. bearsC. peacocksD. mules18. “That idea won’t sell” illustrates the metaphor that“________”. （）A. Ideas are moneyB. Ideas are instrumentsC. Ideas are resourcesD. Ideas are commodities19. Many, though not all, swear words in English are related to ________. （）A. ChristianityB. Greco-Roman mythologyC. sexismD. racism20. ________ may be used by racists to refer to Jews. （）A. JapsB. DagosC. PolacksD. KikesII. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. Culture in its technical sense is ________.（）A. human specificB. a social phenomenonC. a national phenomenonD. a historical phenomenon22. The word “woman” can be defined conceptually as ________ .（）A. an adult femaleB. bipedC. long hair wearingD. prone to tears23. In terms of onomatopoeic words, which of the following statements can be regarded as the truth? （）A. English onomatopoeic words can be used as verbs, adjectives, adverbs, nouns and modifiers.B. In fact they are used most frequently as nouns and verbs, the two most forceful word classes.C. Onomatopoeic words are large in number in English and they are very active.D. The grammatical functions they can serve include the subject, the predicate, the object, the attribute and the adverbial.24. When you respond to the compliment “You look very nice in this dress”, most probably you would say “________”.（）A. Thank you.B. No, I don’t think so at all.C. Do you really think so? I was not sure whether it suits me.D. It’s very kind of you to say so.25. According to its content, a letter contains ________ .（）A. purpose of writing the letterB. supporting informationC. a routine remarkD. handwriting26. A news report normally consists of ________.（）A. a headlineB. a leadC. a subtitleD. a story27. “Chewing one’s finger nails” signifies ________.（）A. relaxationB. emotional stressC. worryD. not knowing what to do28. ________ is derived from Greco-Roman mythology. （）A. EuropeB. the Atlantic OceanC. VenusD. the forbidden fruit29. In English “black” is ofte n associated with negative qualities, as reflected in ____. （）A. in the blackB. a black spotC. in black and whiteD. a black sheep30. Nowadays a gardener should NOT be referred to as a ________ .（）A. sanitation engineerB. beauticianC. landscape architectD. morticianⅢ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression.(20%)31. People have to speak a language according to its____rules____.32. The system of meaning shaped in a particular cultural context is___culture-specific_____.33. Analytic thinking interacts with English, while ___holistic___ thinking interacts with Chinese.34. Given names used as vocatives suggest ___familiarity_____ between the addresser and the addressee.35. It has been claimed that English texts develop in a linear fashion, while Chinese onesdevelop in a ___spiral_____ way.36. In American English, the equivalent word of “支票”is ___check_____.37. In the English body language forming an O with one’s thumb and forefinger while stretching out the remaining three fingers signifies ___OK_____.38. “Each cross hath its own inscription” is ,related to ___Christianity_____ because in it the word “cross”appears.39. “I’m charmed by her”illustrates the metaphor that “Love is ___magic_____.”40. “To have a tendency to stretch the truth”simply means to __lie______.IV. Answer the following questions briefly. (12%)41. What does “a nine to five job” mean?Regular work done by an employee , especially in an office , shop , or factory.42. What difference is there between English and Chinese in terms of humility?There are much more terms of humility in Chinese than in English.43. Why do Chinese people use “请” less extensively and frequently than “please”used in English ?Because there are many terms of respect in Chinese which can also be used to show courtesy.44. How is nonverbal communication related to culture?As language is strongly influenced by culture , nonverbal communication systems are shaped by culture . In each culture a unique nonverbal communication systems can be found.V. Translation. (18%)45．功利婚姻a marriage of convenience46．你真是红光满面。