ST-32中文资料

ST公司的STM32L496xx系列是超低功耗32位ARM MCU+FPU,工作频率高达80MHz,具有100DMIPS,集成了多达1MB闪存,320KB SRAM,USB OTG FS,提供多达三个快速12位ADC(5 Msps),两个比较器,两个运放,两个DAC通路,一个内部基准电压缓冲器,一个低功耗RTC,两个通用32位计时器和两个专用马达控制的16位低功耗计时器,七个通用16位计时器和两个16位低功耗计时器.主要用在包括音频和图像等低功耗的应用.本文介绍了STM32L496xx系列主要特性,框图以及时钟树框图和评估板32L496GDISCOVERY Discovery kit框图,主要特性和电路图以及PCB元件布局图.The STM32L496xx devices are the ultra-low-power microcontrollersbased on the high-performance ARM® Cortex®-M4 32-bit RISC coreoperating at a frequency of up to 80 MHz. The Cortex-M4 core features a Floating point unit (FPU) single precision which supports all ARM single-precision data-processing instructions and data types. It also implements a full set of DSP instructions and a memory protection unit (MPU) whichenhances application security.The STM32L496xx devices are the ultra-low-power microcontrollersbased on the high-performance Arm® Cortex®-M4 32-bit RISC coreoperating at a frequency of up to 80 MHz. The Cortex-M4 core features a Floating point unit (FPU) single precision which supports all Arm® single-precision data-processing instructions and data types. It also implements a full set of DSP instructions and a memory protection unit (MPU) whichenhances application security.The STM32L496xx devices embed high-speed memories (up to 1 Mbyte of Flash memory, 320 Kbyte of SRAM), a flexible external memorycontroller (FSMC) for static memories (for devices with packages of 100pins and more), a Quad SPI flash memories interface (available on allpackages) and an extensive range of enhanced I/Os and peripheralsconnected to two APB buses, two AHB buses and a 32-bit multi-AHB bus matrix.The STM32L496xx devices embed several protection mechanisms forembedded Flash memory and SRAM: readout protection, write protection, proprietary code readout protection and Firewall.The devices offer up to three fast 12-bit ADCs (5 Msps), twocomparators, two operational amplifiers, two DAC channels, an internalvoltage reference buffer, a low-power RTC, two general-purpose 32-bittimer, two 16-bit PWM timers dedicated to motor control, seven general-purpose 16-bit timers, and two 16-bit low-power timers. The devicessupport four digital filters for external sigma delta modulators (DFSDM).In addition, up to 24 capacitive sensing channels are available. Thedevices also embed an integrated LCD driver 8x40 or 4x44, with internalstep-up converter.They also feature standard and advancedcommunication interfaces.• Four I2Cs• Three SPIsST STM32L496xx系列超低功耗32位ARM MCU开发方案• Three USARTs, two UARTs and one Low-Power UART.• Two SAIs (Serial Audio Interfaces)• One SDMMC• Two CAN• One USB OTG full-speed• One SWPMI (Single Wire protocol Master Interface)• Camera interface• DMA2D controllerThe STM32L496xx operates in the -40 to +85℃ (+105℃ junction), -40 to +125℃ (+130℃ junction) temperature ranges from a 1.71 to 3.6 V VDD power supply when using internal LDO regulator and a 1.05 to 1.32VVDD12 power supply when using external SMPS supply. A comprehensive set of power-saving modes allows the design of low-power applications.Some independent power supplies are supported: analog independent supply input for ADC, DAC, OPAMPs and comparators, 3.3 V dedicatedsupply input for USB and up to 14 I/Os can be supplied independentlydown to 1.08V. A VBAT input allows to backup the RTC and backupregisters. Dedicated VDD12 power supplies can be used to bypass theinternal LDO regulator when connected to an external The STM32L496xx family offers six packages from 64-pin to 169-pin packages.STM32L496xx系列主要特性:• Ultra-low-power with FlexPowerControl – 1.71 V to 3.6 V power supply– -40 ℃ to 85/125 ℃ temperature range– 320 nA in VBAT mode: supply for RTC and 32x32-bit backup registers – 25 nA Shutdown mode (5 wakeup pins)– 108 nA Standby mode (5 wakeup pins)– 426 nA Standby mode with RTC– 2.57 μA Stop 2 mode, 2.86 μA Stop 2 with RTC– 91 μA/MHz run mode (LDO Mode)– 37 μA/MHz run mode (@3.3 V SMPS Mode)– Batch acquisition mode (BAM)– 5 μs wakeup from Stop mode– Brown out reset (BOR) in all modes except shutdown– Interconnect matrix• Core: Arm® 32-bit Cortex®-M4 CPU with FPU, Adaptive real-timeaccelerator (ART Accelerator™) allowing 0-wait-state execution from Flash memory, frequency up to 80 MHz, MPU, 100 DMIPS and DSP instructions • Performance benchmark– 1.25 DMIPS/MHz (Drystone 2.1)– 273.55 Coremark® (3.42 Coremark/MHz @ 80 MHz)• Energy benchmark– 279 ULPMark™ CP score– 80.2 ULPMark™ PP score• 16 x timers: 2 x 16-bit advanced motor-control, 2 x 32-bit and 5 x 16-bit general purpose, 2 x 16-bit basic, 2 x low-power 16-bit timers (available in Stop mode), 2 x watchdogs, SysTick timer• RTC with HW calendar, alarms and calibration• Up to 136 fast I/Os, most 5 V-tolerant, up to 14 I/Os with independentsupply down to 1.08 V• Dedicated Chrom-ART Accelerator™ for enhanced graphic contentcreation (DMA2D)• 8- to 14-bit camera interface up to 32 MHz (black&white) or 10 MHz(color)• Memories– Up to 1 MB Flash, 2 banks read-while-write, proprietary code readoutprotection– 320 KB of SRAM including 64 KB with hardware parity check– External memory interface for static memories supporting SRAM, PSRAM, NOR and NAND memories– Dual-flash Quad SPI memory interface• Clock Sources– 4 to 48 MHz crystal oscillator– 32 kHz crystal oscillator for RTC (LSE)– Internal 16 MHz factory-trimmed RC (±1%)– Internal low-power 32 kHz RC (±5%) – Internal multispeed 100 kHz to 48 MHz oscillator, auto-trimmed by LSE (better than ±0.25% accuracy)– Internal 48 MHz with clock recovery– 3 PLLs for system clock, USB, audio, ADC• LCD 8 × 40 or 4 × 44 with step-up converter• Up to 24 capacitive sensing channels: support touchkey, linear and rotary touch sensors• 4 x digital filters for sigma delta modulator• Rich analog peripherals (independent supply)– 3 × 12-bit ADC 5 Msps, up to 16-bit with hardware oversampling, 200μA/Msps– 2 x 12-bit DAC output channels, low-power sample and hold– 2 x operational amplifiers with built-in PGA– 2 x ultra-low-power comparators• 20 x communication interfaces– USB OTG 2.0 full-speed, LPM and BCD– 2 x SAIs (serial audio interface)– 4 x I2C FM+(1 Mbit/s), SMBus/PMBus– 5 x U(S)ARTs (ISO 7816, LIN, IrDA, modem)– 1 x LPUART– 3 x SPIs (4 x SPIs with the Quad SPI)– 2 x CAN (2.0B Active) and SDMMC– SWPMI single wire protocol master I/F– IRTIM (Infrared interface)• 14-channel DMA controller• True random number generator• CRC calculation unit, 96-bit unique ID• Development support: serial wire debug (SWD), JTAG, Embedded Trace Macrocell™图1:STM32L496xx系列框图图2:STM32L496xx系列时钟树框图。

一常用的函数1，初始化函数USART_ART_BaudRate = 9600;//即设置波特率=9600注意下面几个应该是用于在同步模式下的USART_Clock_Disable表示失能USART时钟(指在同步模式下用于控制同步的时钟) USART_Clock_Enable表示使能USART时钟（指在同步模式下用于控制同步的时钟）2 .USART使能函数ART有关的中断使能函数4发送单个数据函数5读出收到的数据二．串口USART1只有两根线USART2 USART3都是后5根线而且都可以重映射到其他的端口。

三数据的处理可以是：1查询方式：if(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1,USART_IT_RXNE)==SET)接受完成查询：while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TC) == RESET)发送完成查询2中断方式：在中断中处理相应的事四步骤：1设置相应的时钟2设置用做串口的IO口3如果用到中断设置相应的中断（USART_Cmd之前加入中断设置：）4设置USART的有关参数5使能相应的串口（一般加在USART的初始化程序中）例子：1查询法#include "stm32f10x_lib.h"void Delay(vu32 z) //延时函数{vu32 x,y;for(x=z;x>0;x--)for(y=120;y>0;y--);}void RCC_Configuration(void)//时钟设置{//使能UART1时钟和A口时钟RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1 | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);}void GPIO_Configuration(void) //IO口设置 PA9.10是默认的USART1接口{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;//复用推挽输出GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING; //浮空输入GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_0 | GPIO_Pin_1; //选择引脚0,1 (选择相应的管脚)GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz; //输出频率最大50M（设置输出的频率）GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_Out_PP; //带上拉输出（设置为何种输出或何种输入） GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure); //初始化PA0,1引脚}void USART_Configuration(void){USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure; //串口参数初始化//初始化参数设置USART_ART_BaudRate = 9600; //波特率9600USART_ART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b; //字长8位USART_ART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1; //一位停止位USART_ART_Parity = USART_Parity_No; //无奇偶校验USART_ART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;//无流控制 USART_ART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;//打开Rx接收和Tx发送功能 USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure); //初始化USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE); //启动串口}int main()USART_Configuration();//串口初始化while(1){while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_RXNE) == RESET);//等待接收完毕i =(USART_ReceiveData(USART1));//把接收到的数据赋给iDelay(5000);USART_SendData(USART1, i); //发送一位数据while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);//等待发送完毕}}例子2中断法接收#include "stm32f10x_lib.h"void IT_Configuration(){NVIC_InitTypeDef NVIC_InitStructure;NVIC_PriorityGroupConfig(NVIC_PriorityGroup_0);//选择相应的中断分组NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannel =USART1_IRQChannel;//选择相应的中断通道（这就是要开的中断也就决定了你中断函数写在//那）NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelPreemptionPriority = 0;//抢占式中断的优先级设置NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelSubPriority = 0;//响应式中断的中断优先级设置NVIC_InitStructure.NVIC_IRQChannelCmd = ENABLE;//使能中断NVIC_Init(&NVIC_InitStructure); //初始化}void RCC_Configuration(void)//时钟设置{//使能UART1时钟和A口时钟RCC_APB2PeriphClockCmd(RCC_APB2Periph_USART1 | RCC_APB2Periph_GPIOA, ENABLE);}void GPIO_Configuration(void) //IO口设置 PA9.10是默认的USART1接口{GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStructure;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_9;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_AF_PP;//复用推挽输出GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Pin = GPIO_Pin_10;GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Mode = GPIO_Mode_IN_FLOATING; //浮空输入GPIO_InitStructure.GPIO_Speed = GPIO_Speed_50MHz;GPIO_Init(GPIOA, &GPIO_InitStructure);void USART_Configuration(void){USART_InitTypeDef USART_InitStructure; //串口参数初始化//初始化参数设置USART_ART_BaudRate = 9600; //波特率9600USART_ART_WordLength = USART_WordLength_8b; //字长8位USART_ART_StopBits = USART_StopBits_1; //一位停止位USART_ART_Parity = USART_Parity_No; //无奇偶校验USART_ART_HardwareFlowControl = USART_HardwareFlowControl_None;//无流控制 USART_ART_Mode = USART_Mode_Rx | USART_Mode_Tx;//打开Rx接收和Tx发送功能USART_Init(USART1, &USART_InitStructure); //初始化USART_ITConfig(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE, ENABLE);//开接收中断USART_Cmd(USART1, ENABLE); //启动串口}int main(){RCC_Configuration(); //时钟配置IT_Configuration(); //中断配置GPIO_Configuration();//IO口配置USART_Configuration();//串口初始化while(1);}It.c中的函数void USART1_IRQHandler(void){u16 i;if(USART_GetITStatus(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE) != RESET)//检查相应的中断发生没？{i =(USART_ReceiveData(USART1));USART_SendData(USART1, i); //发送一位数据while(USART_GetFlagStatus(USART1, USART_FLAG_TXE) == RESET);USART_ClearITPendingBit(USART1, USART_IT_RXNE); //清除相应的中断标志为}}注意：用中断方式时！要从用户应用程序空间启动，运行用户程序;。

stm32f407数据手册中文STM32F4是由ST(意法半导体)开发的一种高性能微控制器。

其采用了90 纳米的NVM 工艺和ART(自适应实时存储器加速器，Adaptive Real-Time MemoryAccelerator™)。

简介：ST(意法半导体)推出了以基于ARM® Cortex™-M4为内核的STM32F4系列高性能微控制器，其采用了90 纳米的NVM 工艺和ART(自适应实时存储器加速器，Adaptive Real-Time MemoryAccelerator™)。

ART技术使得程序零等待执行，提升了程序执行的效率，将Cortext-M4的性能发挥到了极致，使得STM32 F4系列可达到210DMIPS@168MHz。

自适应实时加速器能够完全释放Cortex-M4 内核的性能;当CPU 工作于所有允许的频率(≤168MHz)时，在闪存中运行的程序，可以达到相当于零等待周期的性能。

STM32F4系列微控制器集成了单周期DSP指令和FPU(floating point unit，浮点单元)，提升了计算能力，可以进行一些复杂的计算和控制。

STM32 F4系列引脚和软件兼容于当前的STM32 F2系列产品。

优点兼容于STM32F2系列产品，便于ST的用户扩展或升级产品，而保持硬件的兼容能力。

集成了新的DSP和FPU指令，168MHz的高速性能使得数字信号控制器应用和快速的产品开发达到了新的水平。

提升控制算法的执行速度和代码效率。

先进技术和工艺- 存储器加速器:自适应实时加速器(ART Accelerator™ )- 多重AHB总线矩阵和多通道DMA:支持程序执行和数据传输并行处理，数据传输速率非常快- 90nm工艺高性能- 210DMIPS@168MHz- 由于采用了ST的ART加速器，程序从FLASH运行相当于0等待更多的存储器- 多达1MB FLASH (将来ST计划推出2MB FLASH的STM32F4) - 192Kb SRAM:128KB 在总线矩阵上，64KB在专为CPU使用的数据总线上高级外设与STM32F2兼容- USB OTG高速480Mbit/s- IEEE1588，以太网MAC 10/100- PWM高速定时器:168MHz最大频率- 加密/哈希硬件处理器:32位随机数发生器(RNG)- 带有日历功能的32位RTC:<1 μA的实时时钟，1秒精度更多的提升- 低电压:1.8V到3.6V VDD，在某些封装上，可降低至1.7V - 全双工I2S- 12位ADC:0.41us转换/2.4Msps(7.2Msps在交替模式) - 高速USART，可达10.5Mbits/s- 高速SPI，可达37.5Mbits/s- Camera接口，可达54M字节/s。

ST工具介绍范文ST工具是指由美国雪铁龙公司（STMicroelectronics）开发和生产的一系列工具。

STMicroelectronics是一家全球领先的半导体解决方案供应商，在汽车、工业、通信、消费电子等领域都有广泛的应用。

ST工具是为了帮助工程师和设计师更方便地开发和测试他们的解决方案而设计的。

ST工具涵盖了各个领域的开发需求，包括软件开发、硬件开发和系统级的验证和调试。

以下是一些常见的ST工具的介绍：1. STM32Cube软件工具：STM32Cube是STMicroelectronics针对其STM32微控制器系列提供的集成开发环境（IDE）。

它提供了全面的软件包，包括驱动程序、中间件和示例代码，可以大大简化软件开发过程。

2. STM8Cube软件工具：类似于STM32Cube，STM8Cube是针对STM8微控制器系列提供的集成开发环境。

它提供了编译器、调试器和库，可以帮助用户快速开发基于STM8的应用程序。

3. STM32Cube扩展工具：STM32Cube扩展工具提供了与STM32微控制器相集成的特殊功能插件。

例如，USB、蓝牙和NFC插件可以使开发人员可以更容易地集成这些功能到他们的应用程序中。

4. STM32射频诊断工具（ST-UDI-DONGLE）：这是一款用于射频系统集成调试和测试的USB设备。

它支持各种无线通信标准，如BLE、Wi-Fi 和Zigbee。

5. STM32 Nucleo开发板：Nucleo是一系列功能强大的开发板，用于STMicroelectronics的STM32系列微控制器。

它具有丰富的扩展插槽，用户可以使用各种扩展模块来快速验证和调试他们的解决方案。

6. STM32 Discovery开发板：Discovery是STM32系列微控制器的另一款开发板，具有更多的扩展接口和功能。

它提供了方便的调试功能，例如ST-LINK调试器和USB仿真器。

7. ST-LINK调试器：ST-LINK是STMicroelectronics提供的一款高性能调试和编程解决方案。

STMCU中文官网介绍——STM32、STM8中文资料、技术支持、开发板全部在这里！STMCU中文官网网站的目的是为中国地区用户提供快捷的途径访问、下载关于STM32&STM8的全部产品信息和技术文档，同时也是一个和意法半导体直接沟通关于微控制器的平台。

STMCU中文官网网站内容包含全部STM8家族和STM32家族的英文文档和相关软件库、工具信息，还包括已经翻译成中文的文档和本地工程师精细制作的实战经验（LAT）和视频。

为进一步增强STM32生态系统对广泛市场的支持，我们增加了本地合作伙伴栏目，介绍整体技术方案。

STMCU中文官网设计资源计资源专区信息海量，资源多多。

目前英文文档约500份，软件包超过300份。

STM32单片机中文译文约150份，包含常用的RM （参考手册）、AN（应用笔记）。

为了最大程度满足用户的需求，我们会优先翻译网站上下载和浏览次数多的文档。

MCU实战经验累计超过130份，均来源于ST原厂工程师在日常客户支持工作中的经验总结，兼具"实战性，实用性"。

STM32培训视频已超过60份，包含产品培训和应用专题培训（USB、以太网、电机、音频等），累计时长超过1700分钟！芯片文档·STM32参考手册（Reference Manual）对芯片每个模块的具体描述和功能介绍·STM32数据手册（Data Sheet）芯片引脚定义、电气特性、机械封装、料号定义·STM32勘误手册（Errata Sheet）描述了芯片某些功能的局限性，并给出解决办法·STM32编程手册（Programming Manual）对内核的系统控制块寄存器的描述对芯片闪存的操作指南、读写保护设置，选项字节信息的描述·STM32用笔记（Application Note）针对不同应用主题的描述性文档；常常有与其搭配的固件例程·STM32用户手册（User Manual）一般是对某个软件库的说明文档固件和软件·MCU固件运行在MCU上的程序，包含标准外设固件库SPL和Cube软件包·PC端软件包含PC端各种驱动以及PC端的工具小程序·STM32开发板·评估板（EVALUATION）是功能最全的展示板·探索套件板（DISCOVERY）集成了一些外设模块，但没有评估板的功能丰富·NUCLEO板（NUCLEO ）其上的模板芯片分为三种封装（144引脚、64引脚、32引脚）开发工具量产烧录工具STLINKV2STLINKV2-1STVPST-Utility本地化资源·中文译文相关技术文档的中文译文（AN、DS、RM、UM、PM等）·实战经验来源于原厂工程师在日常客户支持工作中的经验总结，涉及通讯接口、电源与复位、IAP和Bootloader、存储器、内核等模块，兼具“实战性、实用性”·培训课件及视频包含产品培训（STM32和STM8）和应用专题培训（USB、以太网、马达、音频等）STM32单片机微信二维码积点兑换会员积分获取规则：1、下载文档+102、观看视频+103、下载视频+204、活动/培训报名+55、活动/培训签到+156、分享+50（需要管理员确认）7、每日签到+2--每天线上能获得的积分最大值为300--附：意法半导体单片机拥有广泛的产品线，包含低成本的8位单片机和基于ARM® Cortex®-M0、M0+、M3、M4及M7内核并具备丰富外设选择的32位单片机。

STM32学前班教程之一：选择他的理由经过几天的学习，基本掌握了STM32的调试环境和一些基本知识。

想拿出来与大家共享，笨教程本着最大限度简化删减STM32入门的过程的思想，会把我的整个入门前的工作推荐给大家。

就算是给网上的众多教程、笔记的一种补充吧，所以叫学前班教程。

其中涉及产品一律隐去来源和品牌，以防广告之嫌。

全部汉字内容为个人笔记。

所有相关参考资料也全部列出。

:lol教程会分几篇，因为太长啦。

今天先来说说为什么是它——我选择STM32的原因。

我对未来的规划是以功能性为主的，在功能和面积之间做以平衡是我的首要选择，而把运算放在第二位，这根我的专业有关系。

里面的运算其实并不复杂，在入门阶段想尽量减少所接触的东西。

不过说实话，对DSP的外设并和开发环境不满意，这是为什么STM32一出就转向的原因。

下面是我自己做过的两块DSP28的全功能最小系统板，在做这两块板子的过程中发现要想尽力缩小DSP的面积实在不容易（目前只能达到50mm×45mm，这还是没有其他器件的情况下），尤其是双电源的供电方式和1.9V的电源让人很头疼。

后来因为一个项目，接触了LPC2148并做了一块板子，发现小型的ARM7在外设够用的情况下其实很不错，于是开始搜集相关芯片资料，也同时对小面积的A VR和51都进行了大致的比较，这个时候发现了CortexM3的STM32，比2148拥有更丰富和灵活的外设，性能几乎是2148两倍（按照MIPS值计算）。

正好2148我还没上手，就直接转了这款STM32F103。

与2811相比较（核心1.8V供电情况下），135MHz×1MIPS。

现在用STM32F103，72MHz×1.25MIPS，性能是DSP的66%，STM32F103R型（64管脚）芯片面积只有2811的51%，STM32F103C型（48管脚）面积是2811的25%，最大功耗是DSP的20%，单片价格是DSP的30%。

Data briefFor further information contact your local STMicroelectronics sales office.July 2010Doc ID 16563 Rev 31/4ST32F416-MM2M MCU with 32-bit ARM Cortex™ M3 CPUand 416 Kbyte high-density Flash memoryFeaturesHardware features■ARM Cortex™-M3 32-bit RISC core ■12 Kbytes of user RAM■416 Kbytes of user Flash memory with OTP area:–10-year data retention at 105°C, or 15 years at 85°C–500,000 Erase/Write cycles per page–50 million Erase/Write cycles per 64 Kbyte sector–Page granularity of 128 Bytes –Block granularity: 1 Kbyte –128 Bytes of OTP for user –Page Erase time 4 ms–Block Erase 1 Kbyte in 20 ms–Programming performance up to 10µs/byte –Flash Erase / Write Protection software programmable on 64 Kbyte sectors ■Asynchronous Receiver Transmittersupporting ISO 7816-3 T=0 and T=1 protocols ■Two 16-bit timers with interrupt capability ■ 1.8V, 3V and 5V supply voltage ranges ■External clock frequency from 1 up to 7.5 MHz ■High performance provided by:–CPU clock frequency up to 15 MHz–External clock multiplier (2x, 3x, and 4x)■Current consumption compatible with GSM and ETSI specifications ■Power-saving Standby state■Contact assignment compatible ISO 7816-2■ESD protection greater than 4 kV (HBM)■8-pin DFN (6 x 5 mm) ECOPACK® packageSecurity features■Monitoring of environmental parameters ■Protection against faults ■ISO 3309 CRC calculation block ■True random number generator ■Unique serial number on each die ■Hardware data encryption standard (DES) acceleratorSoftware features■Flash loader ■Flash driversDevelopment environment■Software development and firmwaregeneration are supported by a comprehensive set of development tools dedicated to software design and validation:– C compiler –Simulator –EmulatorDescriptionThe ST32F416-M is designed for machine-to-machine (M2M) applications. Its Cortex™-M3 32-bit RISC core operating at a 15-MHz frequency provides great performance and excellent code compacity.Functional description ST32F416-M2/4 Doc ID 16563 Rev 31 Functional description1.1 Hardware descriptionThe ST32F416-M is a serial access microcontroller designed for machine-to-machine(M2M) applications that incorporates the most recent generation of ARM processors for embedded systems. Its Cortex™-M3 32-bit RISC core operating at a 15-MHz frequency brings great performance and excellent code compacity to the application thanks to the Thumb®-2 instruction set.The high-speed embedded Flash 416 Kbyte memory introduces more flexibility to the system.The ST32F416-M also offers a serial communication interface fully compatible with the ISO 7816-3 standard (T=0, T=1) for smartcard applications. Two general purpose 16-bit timers are available.A hardware Data Encryption Standard (DES) accelerator can be used to the user to optimize the application performance. A software library is provided for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) implementation.The ST32F416-M operates in the –40 to +105°C temperature range and 1.8V, 3V and 5V supply voltage ranges. A comprehensive range of power-saving modes enables the design of efficient low-power applications.ST32F416-M Revision historyDoc ID 16563 Rev 33/41.2 Package featuresPackage qualification for M2M applications:●Moisture Sensitivity Level test according to IPC/JEDEC J-STD-20: MSL1 with 260°Cpeak temperature.●Temperature Humidity Bias test according to JEDEC JESD22-A101: 85°C, 85% RH, 1000 hours.●Autoclave test according to JEDEC JESD22-A102: 121°C, 100% RH, 205 kPa, 96hours.●Vibration test according to JEDEC JESD22-B103 service condition 1: 20 / 2000 Hz, 20g peak acceleration.●Mechanical Shock test according to JEDEC JESD22-B104 service condition B: 1500g acceleration for 0.5 ms pulse duration.●Temperature cycling test according to JEDEC JESD22-A104: –65 / +150°C, 500cycles.In order to meet environmental requirements, ST offers these devices in different grades of ECOPACK ® packages, depending on their level of environmental compliance. ECOPACK ® specifications, grade definitions and product status are available at: . ECOPACK ® is an ST trademark.1.3 Software development tools descriptionDedicated Cortex™-M3 software development tools are provided by ARM and Keil. This includes the Instruction Set Simulator (ISS) and C compiler. The documentation is available on the ARM and Keil web sites.Moreover, STMicroelectronics provides:● A time-accurate hardare emulator controlled by the Keil debugger and the ST development environment.● A complete product simulator based on Keil’s ISS simulator for the Cortex™-M3 CPU.●A ROMed Flash Loader with very high-speed software downloading capabilities.2 Revision historyTable 1.Document revision historyDate RevisionChanges02-Nov-20091Initial release.23-Feb-20102Updated Page Erase and Block Erase times.07-Jul-20103Updated Features on page 1.ST32F416-MPlease Read Carefully:Information in this document is provided solely in connection with ST products. STMicroelectronics NV and its subsidiaries (“ST”) reserve the right to make changes, corrections, modifications or improvements, to this document, and the products and services described herein at any time, without notice.All ST products are sold pursuant to ST’s terms and conditions of sale.Purchasers are solely responsible for the choice, selection and use of the ST products and services described herein, and ST assumes no liability whatsoever relating to the choice, selection or use of the ST products and services described herein.No license, express or implied, by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted under this document. If any part of this document refers to any third party products or services it shall not be deemed a license grant by ST for the use of such third party products or services, or any intellectual property contained therein or considered as a warranty covering the use in any manner whatsoever of such third party products or services or any intellectual property contained therein.UNLESS OTHERWISE SET FORTH IN ST’S TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE ST DISCLAIMS ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY WITH RESPECT TO THE USE AND/OR SALE OF ST PRODUCTS INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS UNDER THE LAWS OF ANY JURISDICTION), OR INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENT, COPYRIGHT OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT. UNLESS EXPRESSLY APPROVED IN WRITING BY AN AUTHORIZED ST REPRESENTATIVE, ST PRODUCTS ARE NOT RECOMMENDED, AUTHORIZED OR WARRANTED FOR USE IN MILITARY, AIR CRAFT, SPACE, LIFE SAVING, OR LIFE SUSTAINING APPLICATIONS, NOR IN PRODUCTS OR SYSTEMS WHERE FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION MAY RESULT IN PERSONAL INJURY, DEATH, OR SEVERE PROPERTY OR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE. ST PRODUCTS WHICH ARE NOT SPECIFIED AS "AUTOMOTIVE GRADE" MAY ONLY BE USED IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS AT USER’S OWN RISK.Resale of ST products with provisions different from the statements and/or technical features set forth in this document shall immediately void any warranty granted by ST for the ST product or service described herein and shall not create or extend in any manner whatsoever, any liability of ST.ST and the ST logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of ST in various countries.Information in this document supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied.The ST logo is a registered trademark of STMicroelectronics. All other names are the property of their respective owners.© 2010 STMicroelectronics - All rights reservedSTMicroelectronics group of companiesAustralia - Belgium - Brazil - Canada - China - Czech Republic - Finland - France - Germany - Hong Kong - India - Israel - Italy - Japan - Malaysia - Malta - Morocco - Philippines - Singapore - Spain - Sweden - Switzerland - United Kingdom - United States of America4/4 Doc ID 16563 Rev 3。

FPGA和ARM和STM32和DSP区别2012-12-02|分享越详细越好，谢谢大侠们10分钟内有问必答前往下载满意回答1.FPGA:是可编程逻辑阵列，常用于处理高速数字信号，不过随着科技的发展，现在很多FPGA CPLD可以集成mcu内核，甚至具备了ARM DSP的功能2.ARM,是一类内核的称谓，就像51一样，具体到芯片的话，会有很多不同的厂家不同等级，诸如三星、易法、飞利浦、摩托罗拉等等，其中STM32是易法半导体的一款面向工控低功耗内核为Cortex M3内核的ARM芯片3.DSP顾名思义就是数字信号处理，厂家主要是德州仪器(TI)主要用于数字型号处理等对运算速度有特殊要求的场合，诸如音频视频算法，军工等领域，但同时dsp有2000 5000 6000等系列也可满足不场合需要！其他想要了解，可以追问，相互探讨哈！追问他们主要的应用领域，那个应用广泛点呢回答应用领域的话1.FPGA一般不会用来做复杂的系统，只用来做些简单的系统如状态机实现的自动售货机...展开>等，多少还是用来做信号的高速变换和处理，毕竟它只是可编程逻辑阵列。

2.ARM和DSP就各有千秋了；ARM的系列从V3 V5 V7 V9 XSCALE,从thumb指令到arm指令(thumb arm也可同时实现），可以说遍布机会所有的领域，只要你接的价格可以接受(其实许多arm并不是很贵的)，单片机所有的功能基本他都能实现，我就不用举例子，特别是现在与各种RTOS结合更是开发方便功能强大。

DSP相对arm价格要贵些，这也是可能个体厂家使用较少的一个原因吧，2000系列主要用于工控特别是2812这个用的人比较多，5000 6000主要用于手持设备、PDA、通信等领域；DSP还有一个特色就是对一些特殊算法的支持如快速福利叶变换等，所以对运算速度有特殊要求的场合一般会选择DSP；DSP因其性能和功能比较好，还广泛用于军工领域！<收起。

ST 32Aircraft Signal ConditionerInstallation ManualSANDIA aerospace3700 Osuna Rd NE, Ste 711Albuquerque, NM 87109www.sandia.aero305952-00-IMThis document and the information contained herein is the proprietary data of SANDIA aerospace . No part of this document may be transmitted, reproduced, or copied in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of SANDIA aerospace. Due to SANDIA aerospace’s continued product and quality improvement pro-grams, information contained in this document is subject to change without prior notice.Copyright 2013 SANDIA aerospace . All rights reserved. Printed in USA.no i s ive R e t a D n o i t p i r c s e D l a v o r p p A A 01201102563N R D n o s i r r a H h a e L B 713011020973N C E n o s i r r a H h a e L C 604011024973N C E n o s i r r a H h a e L 1C 512111021683N C E n o s i r r a H h a e L D227031021993N C E no s i r r a H h a e L Record of RevisionsiSANDIA aerospaceAlbuquerque, New Mexico www.sandia.aeroTable Of ContentsiiRecord of Revision..........................................................................................................................i Table of Contents ..........................................................................................................................ii List of Illustrations .........................................................................................................................ii Section 1 General Description.. (1)1.1Introduction...................................................................................................................11.2Product Description.........................................................................................................11.2.1Product V ariations ...........................................................................................................11.3Technical Characteristics..................................................................................................11.3.1Physical Characteristics..........................................................................................11.3.2Operational Characteristics.....................................................................................11.3.3 Approved Equipment (1)1.3.31 Tach Input Requirements...................................................................................11.3.3.2Approved Tachometers.....................................................................................11.3.3.3 Torque Input Requirements.................................................................................21.3.3.4Approved Torque Converters .............................................................................21.3.3.5ST 32 Output ....................................................................................................21.3.4Certification ............................................................................................................5Section 2Installation Considerations. (6)2.1Introduction ..................................................................................................................62.2Mounting Considerations .............................................................................................62.3Cooling.........................................................................................................................62.4Electrical Considerations..............................................................................................6Section 3 Installation Procedures (7)3.1General .........................................................................................................................73.2Equipment Required.....................................................................................................73.2.1Equipment Supplied................................................................................................73.2.2Equipment Required but not Supplied....................................................................73.3.3Optional Equipment 3.3Mounting ......................................................................................................................73.4Electrical.......................................................................................................................93.5Operating Instructions..................................................................................................93.6Calibration....................................................................................................................93.7Continued Airworthiness. (9)Figure 1-1DO 160F Environmental Test Chart ...........................................................................3Figure 3-1ST 32 Dimensional Drawing.......................................................................................7Figure 3-2Optional Tray Dimensional Drawing..........................................................................8Figure 3-3Interconnect Diagram (9)List Of IllustrationsST 32Aircraft Signal ConditionerSECTION 1GENERAL DESCRIPTIONSANDIA aerospaceAlbuquerque, New Mexico www.sandia.aero1.1I NTRODUCTIONThis sheet describes the installation of the ST 32 Aircraft Signal Conditioner. It is intended for use by FAA certified repair stations and original equipment manufacturers (OEM’s) to install the ST 32 and includes both mechanical and electrical installation information. The installer should insure that the ST 32 is operating accord-ing to its intended function.1.2P RODUCT D ESCRIPTIONThe ST 32 is dual function signal conditioner. It converts four channels of the sinusoidal output of Tach Genera-tors and one channel of analog strain gauge pressure to a digital signal that can be used by aircraft display and/or control systems.1.2.1P RODUCT V ARIATIONSThe -00 is original VariationThe -01 in a minor change to the input Power Pins. Both Oinbs 1 and 20 have sseperate revese portection diodes to allow the ST 32 to be powered form independent power buses.1.3T ECHNICAL C HARACTERISTICS 1.3.1P HYSICAL C HARACTERISTICS Width 4.80”Height 1.00”Depth 4.80”Weight0.62 lb1.3.2O PERATIONAL C HARACTERISTICS Operating V oltage 18-32.2Vdc Current Less Than 1A (Heater On)Less Than 100mA (Heater Off)Operating Temp -55o C to +70o C Max Operating Altitude 55,000 Feet1.3.3Approved Equipment1.3.3.1 Tach Input RequirementsThe ST 32 requires the following input from the on-board Tach Generator.Signal:Sinusoidal 3 Phase or MonopoleSignal Frequency Range, Sinusoidal 3 Phase:1-30,000Hz Signal Frequency Range Monopole: 50-30,000Hz Signal Amplitude Range: 0.4Vpp-150Vpp 1.3.3.2Approved Tachometers include:Globe 22A703AAE 32005-007Electro-Mech EM-8001MS28054-1 Two Pole, Three Phase Tach Generators MIL-G-26611 Two Pole, Three Phase Tach Generators11.3.3.3Tach Input RequirementsThe ST 32 requires the following input from the on-board strain gauge pressure transducer: Exitation V oltage: 9.0 Vdc-10.5VdcSignal V oltage:Common Mode: 2Vdc to Aircraft V oltage -2VdcDifferential Mode: 0mVdc - 100mVdc1.3.3.4Approved strain gauge pressure transducers are:Kulite APT-20-1000 or Equivalent1.3.3.5The ST 32 digital output signal is:Totem Pole outputs to Aircraft PowerRise time: 5 usecFall time: 5 usecLow voltage: < 1.9 VdcHigh V oltage: Aircraft PowerV oltage to Frequency ConversionsSignal Conversion:Input Output Accuracy0 mVdc20KHz0.1% Full Scale100mVdc100KHz0.1% Full ScaleExcitation Conversion:Input Output Accuracy9.0 Vdc20KHz0.1% Full Scale10.5Vdc100KHz0.2% Full Scale2NOMENCLATURE: TACH- AND PRESSURE ADAPTER TYPE/MODEL/PART NO:ST 32/305952-[XX]Tray/306057-[XX]MANUFACTURER’S SPECIFICATION AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE SPECIFICATION: 305952-[XX]MANUFACTURER:SANDIA AEROSPACE ADDRESS:3700 OSUNA RD. NE, SUITE 711ALBUQUERQUE, NM 87109REVISION & CHANGE NUMBER OF DO-160: REV FDATE OF TEST: 201101 - 201103. Additional testing Dec 2012 and March 2013Figure 1-1DO-160F Enviromental Test Chart3SN O I T ID NOCN OITC E S DE T C U D N O C S T S E TF O N O I T P I R C S E D e d u t i t l A d n a e r u t a r e p m e T 0.4]2F 2A [y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T e r u t a r e p m e T w o L 1.5.42.5.455-C o 55-/d n u o rG o t r o h S C 55-o gn i t a r e p O C e r u t a r e p m e T h g i H 3.5.44.5.458+o 07+/d n u o r G C o t r o h S C 07+o g n i t a r e p O C g n i l o o C f o s s o L 5.5.4e l b a c i l p p A t o N ed u t i t l A n o i s se r p m o c e D e r u s s e r p r e v O 1.6.42.6.43.6.4'000,55'000,55'000,51-n o i t a t i r a V e r u t a r p m e T 0.5511S y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T o n i m /C yt i d i m u H 0.6B y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T y e t f a S h s a r C d n a k c o h S l a n o i t a r e p O y e t f a S h s a r C d e n i a t s u S 0.72.3.7By r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T n o i t a r b i i V 0.8y a r T h t i w M d n a B s e v r u c ,S y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T y a r T t u o h t i w G e v r u c U y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T n o i s o l p x E 0.9H y r o g e t a C s a d e i f i n e d n i t n e m p i u q E s s e m f o o r p r e t a W 0.01Wy r o g e t a C s a d e i f i t n e d n i t n e m p i u q E y t i l i b i t p e s u S s d i u l F 0.11d e m r o f r e p t s e t o n ,X y r o g e t a C s a d e i f i t n e d n i t n e m p i u q E t s u D d n a d n a S 0.21d e m r o f r e p t s e t o n ,X y r o e g t a C s a d e i f i t n e d i t n e m p i u q E s u g n u F 0.31d e m r o f r e p t s e t o n ,X y r o g e t a C s a d e i f i t n e d i t n e m p i u q E y a r p S t l a S 0.41d e m r o f r e p t s e t o n ,X y r o g e t a C s a d e i f i t n e d i t n e m p i u q E t c e f f E c i t e n g a M 0.51n o i t c e l f e d 3.0n a h t s s e L ,Z y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T t u p n I r e w o P 0.611e t o N ,A y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T ek i p S e g a t l o V 0.71A y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T y t i l i b i t p e c s u S y c n e u q e r F o i d u A 0.81Z y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T y t i l i b i t p e c s u S l a n g i S d e c u d n I 0.91]C Z [y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T y t i l i b i t p e c s u S y c n e u q e r F o i d a R 0.02]R R [y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T sn o i s s i m m E y c n e u q e r F o i d a R 0.12My r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T y t i l i b i t p e c s u S t n e i s n a r T d e c u d n I g n i n t h g i L 0.222e t o N ,]33J Z A [y r o g e t a C o t d e t s e T s t c ef f E t c e r i Dg n i n th gi L 0.32d e m r o f r e p t s e t o n ,X y r o g e t a C s a d e i f i t n e d n i t n e m p i u q E gn i c I 0.42d e m r o f r e p t s e t o n ,X y r o g e t a C s a d e i f i t n e d n i t n e m p i u q E e g r a h c s i D c i t a t s o r t c e l E 0.52Ay r o g e t a C s a d e i f i t n e d i t n e m p i u q E yt i l i b a m m a l F ,e r i F 0.62de m r of r e p t s e t o n ,X y r og e t a C s a d e i f i t n e d n i t n e m p i u q E SANDIA aerospaceAlbuquerque, New Mexico www.sandia.aeroNote 1: Tested to Category Z with the exception that for momentary power interruption the system meets Category A requirements of 200mS interruptions.Note 2: Initial pin injection performed without series inpedance. Input series was impedance added to the following pins and waveforms during the pin injection tests. Allother pins meet pin injection without and resistance placed in series with the generator.e c n a d e pWAm I m r o f e v aO(d e d dhp u o r Gn i P t i u c r i C)s mh c a T57353,23,92,62s t u p t uOh c a T K14O53,23,92,62s t u p t uV573C FO12,3s t u p t uV K14C FO12,3s t u p t uOe t e r c s i D57322t u p t ue t e r c s i D K14O22t u p t u4SANDIA aerospaceAlbuquerque, New Mexico www.sandia.aeroST 32Aircraft Signal Conditioner1.3.4C ERTIFICATIONTSO C49b (Incomplete System)TSO C47a (Incomplete System)DO 160F“The conditions and test required for TSO approval of this article are mini-mum performance standards. It is the responsibility of those desiring toinstall the article either on or within a specific type or class of aircraft to demonstrate that the aircraft installation conditions are within the TSO stan-dards. The article may be installed only if installation of the article is ap-proved by the Administrator”5SECTION 2INSTALLATION CONSIDERATIONS2.1I NTRODUCTIONThe ST 32 has been designed to covert four channels of sinusoidal and monopole outputs of approved Tach Generators and one channel of strain gauge pressure to a digital output that can be used by onboard navigation systems. .2.2M OUNTINGThe ST 32 can be mounted in any axis either inside or outside the pressure vessel. To ensure protection against lightning strikes, the case should be grounded to airframe ground. This can be most easily accomplished by mounting the case on a grounded surface. An option mounting tray, Sandia part number 305057-00 is available as an option. Bonding of the case to airframe ground shall be less than 2.5 mohms2.3C OOLINGThe ST 32 does not require external Cooling2.4E LECTRICALThe ST 32 operates on 18-32.2 Vdc. Power to the ST 32 should be protected by a 1.5 Amp breaker or circuitprotection can be shared with the interfaced display unit using the appropriate breaker size (refer to the installa-tion manual of the system being interfaced). The ST 32 can be wired to use from one to four channels depending upon system interface requirements. All twisted pairs are #22 AWG. Power and ground are single wires andshould be #22 AWG or larger.6SECTION 3INSTALLATION PROCEDURES3.1G ENERALThe ST 32 is supplied with a mounting connector and twenty-five crimp contacts. The ST 32 can be hard mounted using four (4) number 6 or 8 screws or with an optional mounting tray. If the optional mounting tray options selected it is mounted using four (4) number 6 or 8 screws.3.2E QUIPMENT R EQUIRED 3.2.1SuppliedST 32P/N 305952-00(Garmin Model GSC 46, P/N 013-00337-00)or P/N 305952-01(Garming Model GSC46, P/N 013-00337-10)Elecrtrical Installation Kit P/N 306031-01Connector DSUB, 37 POS, w/crimp pins P/N 306033Connector Clamp P/N 3060533.2.2R EQUIRED B UT N OT S UPPLIEDFour (4) Number 6-32, 8-32 or equivalent mounting screws3.2.3OptionalMounting Tray, Sandia Aerospace Part Number 306057-00, Garmin P/N 011-02599-013.3M OUNTING The ST 32 mounts with four (4) number 6-32 or 8-32 or equivalent machine screws.Figure 3-1ST 32 Dimensional Drawing7DCBA 3230'0.0050.010.1.X±TOLERANCESAFTER FINISH INCHES AND APPLYDIMENSIONS ARE IN SPECIFIEDUNLESS OTHERWISE±ANG ENGINEERCHECKER DRAFTER BDWCAGE CODE .XXX±.XX±SIZEDO NOT SCALE DRAWINGREVDESCRIPTIONREVISIO1ENGINEERING RELEASEUse Design File: 901046-DNOUTLINE DR ADAPTERSCALE: NONEu 4.5SANDIA aerospaceAlbuquerque, New Mexico www.sandia.aeroFigure 3-2Optional Mounting Tray Dimensions83.5O PERATING I NSTRUCTIONS AND L IMITATIONSRefer to the display unit(s) being interfaced for operation and limitations.3.6C ALIBRATIONNo field calibration is required.3.7C ONTINUED A IRWORTHINESSMaintenance of the ST 32 is on condition only. No scheduled maintenance is required.Figure 3-3Interconnect Diagram93.4E LECTRICALThe ST 32 operates on 18-32.2Vdc. Power to ST 32 should be protected by a 1.5 amp breaker or circuit protec-tion can be shared with the display unit being interfaced (see installation manual of unit being interfaced). All twisted pairs are #22 AWG .. Power and ground are single wires and should be #22 AWG or larger. Figure 2shows the interconnect of the ST 32 to the Garmin system.SANDIA aerospaceAlbuquerque, New Mexico www.sandia.aero3112342BDWG. NO.CAGE CODE SIZE 305952-XX-TSHEET 3SCALE: NONE。

STM32-参考⼿册-中⽂.pdf23 串⾏外设接⼝(SPI)⼩容量产品是指闪存存储器容量在16K ⾄32K 字节之间的STM32F101xx、STM32F102xx和STM32F103xx微控制器。

中容量产品是指闪存存储器容量在64K⾄128K字节之间的STM32F101xx、STM32F102xx和STM32F103xx微控制器。

⼤容量产品是指闪存存储器容量在256K⾄512K字节之间的STM32F101xx和STM32F103xx微控制器。

互联型产品是指STM32F105xx和STM32F107xx微控制器。

除⾮特别说明，本章描述的模块适⽤于整个STM32F10xxx微控制器系列。

23.1 SPI简介在⼤容量产品和互联型产品上，SPI接⼝可以配置为⽀持SPI协议或者⽀持I2S⾳频协议。

SPI接⼝默认⼯作在SPI⽅式，可以通过软件把功能从SPI模式切换到I2S模式。

在⼩容量和中容量产品上，不⽀持I2S⾳频协议。

串⾏外设接⼝(SPI)允许芯⽚与外部设备以半/全双⼯、同步、串⾏⽅式通信。

此接⼝可以被配置成主模式，并为外部从设备提供通信时钟(SCK)。

接⼝还能以多主配置⽅式⼯作。

它可⽤于多种⽤途，包括使⽤⼀条双向数据线的双线单⼯同步传输，还可使⽤CRC校验的可靠通信。

I2S也是⼀种3引脚的同步串⾏接⼝通讯协议。

它⽀持四种⾳频标准，包括飞利浦I2S标准，MSB 和LSB对齐标准，以及PCM标准。

它在半双⼯通讯中，可以⼯作在主和从2种模式下。

当它作为主设备时，通过接⼝向外部的从设备提供时钟信号。

警告：由于 SPI3/I2S3 的部分引脚与 JTAG 引脚共享 (SPI3_NSS/I2S3_WS 与 JTDI ，SPI3_SCK/I2S3_CK与JTDO)，因此这些引脚不受IO控制器控制，他们(在每次复位后)被默认保留为JTAG⽤途。

如果⽤户想把引脚配置给SPI3/I2S3，必须(在调试时)关闭JTAG并切换⾄SWD接⼝，或者(在标准应⽤时)同时关闭JTAG和SWD接⼝。

ST32之LCD液晶显⽰1.硬件连接：LCD_BL(背光控制)对应 PB0;LCD_CS 对应 PG12 即 FSMC_NE4;LCD _RS 对应 PG0 即 FSMC_A10; （RS接⼀根地址线，0时读写命令，1时读写数据）LCD _WR 对应 PD5 即 FSMC_NWE;LCD _RD 对应 PD4 即 FSMC_NOE;LCD _D[15:0]则直接连接在 FSMC_D15~FSMC_D0;2.源码讲解：1）LCD&lcddev：LCD结构体在LCD.h中的定义/-----------------LCD端⼝定义----------------#define LCD_LED PBout(0) //LCD背光 PB0 ，PB0输出控制背光typedef struct{vu 16 LCD_REG; // RS=0;vu 16 LCD_RAM; // RS=1;}LCD_TypeDef;//使⽤NOR/SRAM的 Bank4,地址位HADDR[27,26]=11 A10作为数据命令区分线//注意设置时STM32内部会右移⼀位对其!#define LCD_BASE ((u32)(0x6C000000 | 0x000007FE)) //这个地址很重要#define LCD ((LCD_TypeDef *) LCD_BASE) //把LCD_BASE强制转换成LCD_TypeDef结构体的指针。

最终要⽤的就是LCDLCD_BASE根据外部电路的连接来确定因为我们使⽤BANK1的Sector4，其起始地址从0x6c000000开始。

000007FE为偏移量。

因为RS接的A10，07FE转换成⼆进制是 111 1111 1110，我们使⽤的16位数据，所以内部地址右移⼀位对齐，对应到外部地址引脚就是 A10:A0= 011 1111 1111，也就是说A10是0，如果16位地址再加1，对应到8位地址就是加2，即7FE+0x02（因为内部每个地址对应⼀个8位的数据），那么A10:A0= 100 0000 0000，这时候A10就是1，也就实现了对RS的控制。