occupation application

词形转换变名词1：—tion, -sion生产produce-production 介绍 introduce—introduction 消费 consume-consumption 减少 reduce-reduction假设assume—assumption/ suppose—supposition 毁灭 destroy—destruction 描写describe—description打断 interrupt- interruption 采纳/收养 adopt-adoption 防止 prevent—prevention接受/接待处 receive-reception解决 solve-solution进化 evolve—evolution 建议 suggest-suggestion版本 edit-edition 展览 exhibit—exhibition打算/意图 intend—intention认出 recognize-recognition解释/定义 define—definition 保护 protect—protection方向/指导 direct-direction 指令 instruct-instruction建设 construct—construction 注射 inject-injection驳斥 reject-rejection 感染 infect—infection反对 object-objection/ oppose-opposition 连接 connect—connection收集 collect-collection 纠正correct—correction视察 inspect-inspection 挑选select—selection选举 elect—election 限制 restrict-restriction抵触/矛盾 contradict—contradiction 保留 reserve-reservation保存 preserve-preservation 保护 conserve-conservation观察 observe—observation 挨饿 starve—starvation组织 organize—organization 文明 civilize-civilization认识 realize—realization 考试 examine—examination决定 determine-determination 形成 form-formation通知 inform—information 想象 imagine—imagination运输 transport—transportation 邀请 invite—invitation期待 expect-expectation 诱惑 tempt-temptation改编/适应 adapt-adaption 移民 immigrate-immigration模仿 imitate—imitation 准备 prepare—preparation探索explore—exploration 考虑 consider—consideration宣布 declare-declaration 装饰 decorate-decoration变名词2—tion， -sion灵感 inspire-inspiration 放松 relax-relaxation交流 communicate-communication 占用/职业 occupy—occupation满足 satisfy—satisfaction 申请/应用 apply—application 暗示 imply-implication 推荐 recommend—recommendation翻译/说明 interpret-interpretation 结合 combine-combination操作/手术 operate-operation 犹豫 hesitate—hesitation教育 educate—education 位于 locate-location表明 indicate-indication 参加 participate—participation 计算 calculate—calculation 欣赏/感激 appreciate—appreciation联想/协会 associate-association 分离 separate-separation冬眠 hibernate-hibernation 赔偿 compensate—compensation 调查 investigate-investigation 庆祝 celebrate-celebration祝贺 congratulate—congratulation 翻译 translate—translation 积累 accumulate-accumulation 加速 accelerate—acceleration捐赠 donate-donation 解放 liberate-liberation动力 motivate—motivation 革新 innovate-innovation集中 concentrate-concentration 游行/示威 demonstrate-demonstration 贡献 contribute-contribution 分发 distribute—distribution 促进 promote—promotion 奉献 devote-devotion沮丧 frustrate-frustration/ depress-depression 印象 impress-impression表达 express-expression 拥有/财产 possess—possession讨论 discuss—discussion 扩大 expand—expansion延伸 extend—extension 承认 admit-admission允许 permit—permission 排放 emit—emission爆炸 explode—explosion 结论 conclude—conclusion决定 decide-decision 分开 divide—division迷惑 confuse—confusion变名词3-ence，—ance存在 exist-existence 不同 differ—difference 发生 occur—occurrence 查阅/参考 refer-reference 更喜欢/偏好 prefer—preference接受 accept—acceptance 出现/外表 appear—appearance执行/表演 perform-performance 抵制 resist—resistance指导 guide—guidance 进入 enter-entrance保险 insure-insurance 帮助 assist-assistance忍受 endure-endurance/ tolerate—tolerance-ment广告 advertise-advertisement 同意 agree-agreement惊奇amaze—amazement 吃惊 astonish—astonishment通告 announce-announcement 安排 arrange-arrangement评估 assess-assessment 发展 develope—development失望 disappoint—disappointment 雇用/就业 employ-employment鼓舞 encourage-encouragement 款待/娱乐 entertain—entertainment装备 equip—equipment 统治/政府 govern-government改进 improve—improvement 投资 invest—investment卷入 involve-involvement 管理 manage—management惩罚 punish-punishment 要求 require—requirement退休 retire—retirement 定居/定居处 settle—settlement陈述 state—statement 对待/治疗 require—requirement 以…为基础/地下室 base—basement 人行道 pave—pavement完成/成就 achieve-achievement/ accomplish—accomplishment-ness （adj。

A PPLICATION技术与应用编辑 姜学霞基于蓝墨云班课的混合式信息化教学课堂探索——以液压气动课程为例文/陈震乾摘 要：本文结合信息化教学大赛，进一步阐述混合式信息化教学概念，并列举信息化大赛中混合式教学的使用，通过实践摸索总结混合式信息化课堂教学模式的做法。

关键词：信息化 混合式教学 蓝墨云班课一、信息化课堂教学探索政策和意义近年来，随着国家大力推行信息化教学，特别是信息化教学大赛的展开，各类新技术在课堂教学中不断涌现。

本文依托蓝墨云班课作为研究平台探索信息化教学课堂。

学生课前、课后可以通过云班课自主进行学习，变课堂学习为全过程学习，培养学生自主学习能力。

2015年7月4日，国务院印发的《国务院关于积极推进“互联网+”行动的指导意见》中明确写明“互联网+”教育将面向中小学、大学、职业教育、IT培训等多层次人群提供学籍注册入学开放课程。

学习将成为时代的潮流。

以承载职业教育为主题的学校，更需要通过“互联网+”的方式展开教学，做时代引领者。

二、混合式信息化教学概念解析“基于MOOC的平台的深入”主要从学习者角度提出了“互联网+教育”的创新，虽然同样需要老师的投入和研发，但是一般是采用学生在线上的学习模式。

作为一名教育工作者，特别是从事一线职业教育的老师，笔者认为，基于线上线下的混合式信息化教学更加适合当代学生，更加符合在做中学、在做中教，教学做合一的模式，而MOOC应该是这一模式的补充和加强。

混合式信息化教学应该是线上自主学习知识相关概念（包含视频、问答、作业、反馈），在线下通过实训实习与教师交流掌握技能技巧，工作后通过线上进行反复回馈，提升自主学习的能力和学习的效率（混合式信息化教学概念如下图所示）。

线上课前学习课后回顾通过视频、互动、多媒体等信息化手段进行信息化教学，并实时反馈生产实习、工作中随时回顾、复习反馈改进教学课堂实训教学，学习技能线下图 混合式信息化教学概念而这样的信息化教学最重要的一个环节是反馈改进教学，通过不断进行大数据分析，利用网络平台进行不断的改进和变化。

Ⅰ.认阅读单词1．demonstrate v t.表现；表达；说明；证明2．gesture n．手势；姿势；姿态3．identical adj.相同的4．interpret v t.把……理解(解释)为v i.& v t.口译5．waist n．腰；腰部6．fake adj.假装的；假的；冒充的7．trial n．& v．审讯；审判；试验；试用8．nonverbal adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的9．reveal v t.揭示；显示；露出10．tick v t.给(试卷、问题等)打钩号v i.(钟表)发出嘀嗒声n．钩号11．chin n．下巴12．distract v t.分散(注意力)；使分心13．ultimately ad v.最终；最后14．intervene v i.干预；介入15．component n．组成部分；零件16．tone n．语气；腔调；口吻Ⅱ.记重点单词1．appropriate adj.合适的；恰当的2．witness v t.当场看到；目击；见证n．目击者；证人3．cheek n．面颊；脸颊4．bow v i.鞠躬；点头v t.低(头) n．弓；蝴蝶结5．barrier n．隔阂；障碍6．incident n．发生的事情；严重事件；冲突7．twin adj.双胞胎之一的；孪生之一的n．孪生之一；双胞胎之一8．internal adj.内部的；里面的9．slump v i.垂头弯腰地走(或坐等)10．pose n．故作姿态；(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势v i.摆好姿势v t.造成(威胁、问题等) 11．bend v t.& v i.(bent，bent)(使)弯曲；倾斜；偏向12．clarify v t.使更清晰易懂；阐明；澄清13．lower v t.把……放低；降低；减少adj.下面的；下方的；较小的14．imply v t.意味着；暗示15．stare v i.盯着看；凝视n．凝视16．ceiling n．天花板；上限17．perceive v t.察觉；看待；理解18．chest n．胸部；胸膛19．merely ad v.只是；仅仅；只不过20．bother v i.& v t.费心；麻烦；因……操心n．麻烦；不便21．weep v i.& v t.哭泣；流泪22．conflict n．矛盾；冲突v i.冲突；抵触Ⅲ.知拓展单词1．interaction n．交流；相互影响→interact v i.相互交流；相互影响2．vary v i.(根据情况)变化；改变→various adj.不同的；各种各样的→variety n．多样性；变化；种类3．approve v i.赞成；同意v t.批准；通过→approval n．赞成；同意；批准→approving adj.赞许的；赞成的4．employ v t.使用；应用；雇用→employee n．雇员；受雇者→employer n．雇主；雇用者→employment n．雇用；聘用5．differ v i.相异；不同于→different adj.不同的；有差异的→difference n．差别；差异6．favour v t.较喜欢；选择；有利于n．帮助；恩惠；赞同→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的7．anger n．愤怒；怒气v t.使生气；激怒→angry adj.生气的；愤怒的→angrily ad v.生气地；愤怒地8．reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的→rely v i.依赖；信赖9．slight adj.轻微的；略微的；细小的→slightly ad v.略微；稍微10．assess v t.评估；评价→assessment n．评价；评定11．educator n．教师；教育工作者；教育家→educate v t.教育→educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的→education n．教育12．tendency n．趋势；倾向→tend v t.& v i.照料；护理v i.倾向于；有……的趋势13．barely ad v.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚→bare adj.赤裸的；光秃秃的；空的14．occupy v t.占据；占用→occupied adj.使用中；忙于；被占领的→occupation n．占领；职业15．distinguish v i.& v t.区分；辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的16．anxiety n．焦虑；担心；害怕→anxious adj.忧虑的；焦虑的；渴望的→anxiously ad v.焦虑地17．embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的→embarrassing adj.使人难堪的；令人尴尬的→embarrass v t.使窘迫；使尴尬→embarrassment n．难堪；窘迫18．ashamed adj.羞愧；惭愧→shame n．羞耻；羞愧；让人遗憾的事→shameful adj.可耻的→shameless adj.无耻的；没廉耻的19．inquire/enquire v i.& v t.询问；打听→inquiry/enquiry n．询问；调查20．adjust v t.调整；调节v i.& v t.适应；(使)习惯→adjustable adj.可调整的；可调节的→adjustment n．调整；调节；适应21．react v i.(对……)起反应；回应；(对食物等)有不良反应→reaction n．反应；副作用1．guidance n．引导；指导2．guilty adj.有罪的；犯法的；感到惭愧的3．gymnasium n．体育馆4．handle n．柄；把手v t.处理5．handy adj.手边的；附近的；方便的6．harbour (美harbor) n．港口7．hazard v t.使遭受危险n．危险8．headline n．(报刊的)大字标题Ⅳ.背核心短语1．by contrast相比之下2．by comparison(与……)相比较3．make inferences推理；推断4．break down消除；分解；打破5．straighten up直起来；整理；收拾整齐6．in other words换句话说；也就是说7．call on(短暂地)访问；要求(某人讲话等)；正式邀请8．at work有某种影响；在工作Ⅴ.悟经典句式1．For example，making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest.(a way to do...)例如，在一些国家，眼神交流(即直视某人的眼睛)是表示兴趣的一种方式。

附录附录一构词法一、派生(一)后缀法1.变名词(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:存在exist—existence发生occur—occurrence查阅/参考refer—reference更喜欢/偏好prefer—preference不同differ—difference接受accept—acceptance出现/外表appear—appearance履行perform—performance 抵制resist—resistance指导guide—guidance进入enter—entrance保险insure—insurance帮助assist—assistance忍受endure—endurance/tolerate—tolerance(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:生产produce—production介绍introduce—introduction消费consume—consumption 减少reduce—reduction认为/假设assume—assumption/suppose—supposition毁灭destroy—destruction描写describe—description打断interrupt—interruption 采纳/收养adopt—adoption 防止prevent—prevention接收/接待处receive—reception解决solve—solution进化evolve—evolution建议suggest—suggestion编辑/版本edit—edition展览exhibit—exhibition 打算/意图intend—intention认出recognize—recognition解释/定义define—definition 保护protect—protection方向/指导direct—direction指令instruct—instruction建设construct—construction注射inject—injection感染infect—infection驳斥reject—rejection反对object—objection/oppose—opposition连接connect—connection收集collect—collection纠正correct—correction 视察inspect—inspection挑选select—selection选举elect—election限制restrict—restriction抵触/矛盾contradict—contradiction保留reserve—reservation保存preserve—preservation保护conserve—conservation观察observe—observation挨饿starve—starvation组织organize—organization文明civilize—civilization认识realize—realization考试examine—examination决定determine—determination 形成form—formation 通知inform—information想象imagine—imagination 运输transport—transportation 邀请invite—invitation 期待expect—expectation诱惑tempt—temptation改编/适应adapt—adaptation移民immigrate—immigration模仿imitate—imitation准备prepare—preparation探索explore—exploration考虑consider—consideration宣布declare—declaration装饰decorate—decoration激发/灵感inspire—inspiration 放松/休闲relax—relaxation交流communicate—communication占用/职业occupy—occupation满足satisfy—satisfaction申请/应用apply—application暗示imply—implication推荐recommend—recommendation口译/理解interpret—interpretation结合combine—combination操作/手术operate—operation 犹豫hesitate—hesitation教育educate—education定位locate—location指出indicate—indication参加participate—participation计算calculate—calculation欣赏/感激appreciate—appreciation联想/协会associate—association分离separate—separation冬眠hibernate—hibernation赔偿compensate—compensation调查investigate—investigation庆祝celebrate—celebration祝贺congratulate—congratulation翻译translate—translation积累accumulate—accumulation加速accelerate—acceleration捐赠donate—donation解放liberate—liberation动力motivate—motivation革新innovate—innovation集中concentrate—concentration游行/示威demonstrate—demonstration贡献contribute—contribution 分发distribute—distribution 促进promote—promotion致力devote—devotion/dedicate—dedication沮丧frustrate—frustration/depress—depression印象impress—impression表达express—expression拥有/财产possess—possession讨论discuss—discussion扩大expand—expansion延伸extend—extension承认admit—admission允许permit—permission排放emit—emission爆炸explode—explosion结论conclude—conclusion决定decide—decision划分divide—division迷惑confuse—confusion(3)-ment结尾的名词:广告advertise—advertisement同意agree—agreement惊奇amaze—amazement吃惊astonish—astonishment通告announce—announcement安排arrange—arrangement 评估assess—assessment发展develop—development失望disappoint—disappointment雇用/就业employ—employment鼓舞encourage—encouragement款待/娱乐entertain—entertainment装备equip—equipment统治/政府govern—government改进improve—improvement 投资invest—investment卷入involve—involvement管理manage—management 惩罚punish—punishment要求require—requirement退休retire—retirement定居/定居处settle—settlement阐述/陈述state—statement对待/治疗treat—treatment 以……为基础/地下室base—basement铺/人行道pave—pavement完成/成就achieve—achievement/accomplish—accomplishment(4)-ness结尾的名词:adj.—n.意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness苦bitter—bitterness盲目blind—blindness冷静calm—calmness聪明clever—cleverness疯狂crazy—craziness渴望eager—eagerness公平fair—fairness 愚蠢foolish—foolishness适合fit—fitness幸福/愉快happy—happiness疾病ill—illness友好kind—kindness懒惰lazy—laziness孤独lonely—loneliness宁静quiet—quietness悲伤sad—sadness严重性serious—seriousness甜美sweet—sweetness稳定steady—steadiness厚度thick—thickness累tired—tiredness弱点weak—weakness冷/冷淡cold—coldness惶恐不安nervous—nervousness思乡homesick—homesickness粗心careless—carelessness自私selfish—selfishness无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness(5)-age结尾的名词:婚姻marry—marriage短缺short—shortage储存store—storage包裹pack—package车厢carry—carriage通道pass—passage(6)-th结尾的名词:温暖warm—warmth真理true—truth死亡dead—death成长grow—growth(7)-ure结尾的名词:快乐please—pleasure离开depart—departure暴露expose—exposure压力press—pressure失败fail—failure混合mix—mixture签名sign—signature(8)-ce结尾的名词:adj.—n.缺席absent—absence出席present—presence信心confident—confidence 方便convenient—convenience 不同different—difference 勤奋diligent—diligence远的/距离distant—distance明显的/证据evident—evidence优秀excellent—excellence重要important—importance独立independent—independence天真/无辜innocent—innocence智力intelligent—intelligence 公正just—justice 耐心patient—patience浪漫romantic—romance 沉默silent—silence暴力violent—violence v.—n.冒犯offend—offence防御defend—defense(AmE)—defence(BrE)建议advise—advice设施devise—device(9)-dom结尾的名词:自由free—freedom王国king—kingdom智慧wise—wisdom(10)-hood结尾的名词:孩童时代childhood男孩时代boyhood邻里neighborhood(11)-ship结尾的名词:所有权ownership锦标赛championship友谊friendship手艺craftsmanship奖学金scholarship领导才能leadership艰难hardship关系relationship(12)-ing结尾的名词:农业farming变暖warming园艺gardening学业schooling绘画painting意思meaning绘画drawing训练training录音tape-recording衣物clothing感觉feeling十字路口crossing工资earnings问候greeting储蓄savings所发生的事情happenings发现findings财产belongings痛苦suffering贡品offering环境surroundings保龄球bowling举重weight-lifting射击shooting摔跤wrestling2.变形容词(1)-y结尾的形容词:n.—adj.阳光灿烂的sun—sunny多雨的rain—rainy被雪覆盖的snow—snowy有风的wind—windy有暴风雨的storm—stormy寒冷的chill—chilly多雾的fog—foggy有霜的frost—frosty冰冷的ice—icy阴沉的gloom—gloomy布满星星的star—starry泥泞的mud—muddy布满灰尘的dust—dusty脏的dirt—dirty健康的health—healthy富有的wealth—wealthy霸道的boss—bossy臭的smell—smelly美味的taste—tasty咸的salt—salty皮包骨的skin—skinny贪婪的greed—greedy迅速的speed—speedy狡猾的/棘手的trick—tricky v.—adj.爱挑剔的choose—choosy/pick—picky黏的stick—sticky悦耳易记的catch—catchy害怕的scare—scary滑溜的slip—slippery(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:n.—adj.全球的globe—global文化的culture—cultural农业的agriculture—agricultural情景的situation—situational 有条件的condition—conditional环境的environment—environmental化学的chemistry—chemical医学的medicine—medical原始的origin—original政治的politics—political实际的practice—practical理论的theory—theoretical音乐的music—musical感情的emotion—emotional国家的nation—national自然的nature—natural个人的person—personal偶尓的occasion—occasional精神上的mind—mental身体上的physics—physical偶然的accident—accidental教育的education—educational技术上的technique—technical心理上的psychology—psychological沿海的coast—coastal种族的race—racial面部的face—facial工业的industry—industrial金融的finance—financial商业的commerce—commercial官方的office—official有益的benefit—beneficial典型的type—typical有影响的influence—influential(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:感激的thank—thankful=grateful充足的plenty—plentiful美丽的beauty—beautiful成功的success—successful可怕的awe—awful忠实的faith—faithful和平的peace—peaceful高兴的joy—joyful/cheer—cheerful=enjoyable非常干净的spot—spotless无休止的end—endless无家可归的home—homeless无工作的job—jobless=unemployed身无分文的penny—penniless无私的self—selfless=unselfish无目标的aim—aimless无线的wire—wireless无限的limit—limitless珍贵的/无价的price—priceless=invaluable毫无价值的value—valueless/worth—worthless无语的speech—speechless上气不接下气的breath—breathless小心的,粗心的care—careful,careless多彩的,无色的color—colorful,colorless有用的,无用的use—useful,useless成果丰硕的,无成效的fruit—fruitful,fruitless强大的,无能力的power—powerful,powerless有意义的,无意义的meaning—meaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless 痛苦的,不痛的pain—painful,painless后悔的,无悔的regret—regretful,regretless有害的,无害的harm—harmful,harmless闲适宁静的,躁动不安的rest—restful,restless优雅的,粗鲁的grace—graceful,graceless抱有希望的,无望的hope—hopeful,hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的help—helpful,helpless考虑周到的/不周到的thought—thoughtful,thoughtless(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:n.—adj.许多的number—numerous多山的mountain—mountainous冒险的adventure—adventurous 紧张的nerve—nervous有毒的poison—poisonous危险的danger—dangerous灾难的disaster—disastrous小心的caution—cautious营养的nutrition—nutritious宗教的religion—religious宽敞的space—spacious有抱负的ambition—ambitious神秘的mystery—mysterious (5)-able,-(s)ible 结尾的形容词:(不)可预见的predict—(un)predictable(不)可避免的avoid—(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget—(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire—(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort—(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor—(un)favorable(不)合适的suit—(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear—(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure—(un)endurable(不)可信的believe—(un)believable(不)可信的credit—(in)credible(不)可接近的access—(in)accessible看(不)见的view—(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure—(in)curable支付得起的afford—affordable适应力强的adapt—adaptable可更新的renew—renewable便携的port—portable多变的change—changeable可吃的eat—eatable可依靠的rely—reliable可行的work—workable有价值的value—valuable合理的reason—reasonable高兴的enjoy—enjoyable流行的fashion—fashionable(6)-tive结尾的形容词:v.—adj.多产的produce—productive迷人的attract—attractive有创造力的create—creative保护的protect—protective预防性的prevent—preventative健谈的talk—talkative可供替代的alter—alternative相关的relate—relative有教育意义的instruct—instructive有竞争力的compete—competitiven.—adj.有效的effect—effective贵的expense—expensive (7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:系统的system—systematic科学的science—scientific 戏剧般的drama—dramatic浪漫的romance—romantic有同情心的sympathy—sympathetic精力充沛的energy—energetic(8)-en结尾的形容词:羊毛的wool—woolen金色的gold—golden木制的wood—wooden(9)以-some结尾的形容词:英俊的hand—handsome令人惊叹的awe—awesome 令人烦恼的trouble—troublesome烦人的tire—tiresome(10)-ly结尾的形容词:致命的dead—deadly活跃的live—lively友好的friend—friendly兄弟般的brother—brotherly 有次序的order—orderly昂贵的cost—costly每月的month—monthly每天的day—daily3.变动词(1)-fy结尾的动词:净化pure—purify简化simple—simplify美化beautiful—beautify使合理化just—justify使恐惧terrible—terrify使震惊horrible—horrify合格化quality—qualify分类class—classify(2)-ize结尾的动词:adj.—v.认识到real—realize使现代化modern—modernize 使工业化industrial—industrialize使普及popular—popularize集权central—centralize 使全球化global—globalize使理想化ideal—idealize 使稳定stable—stabilize使正常化normal—normalize 社会化social—socialize使专门化special—specialize n.—v.使物质化material—materialize总结summary—summarize记忆memory—memorize(3)-en结尾的动词:变暗dark—darken加快quick—quicken削尖sharp—sharpen削弱weak—weaken松开loose—loosen变紧tight—tighten软化soft—soften使更明亮bright—brighten恶化bad—worsen减少little—lessen减轻/变亮light—lighten变黑black—blacken加宽broad—broaden缩短short—shorten adj.—n.—v.加深deep—depth—deepen加长long—length—lengthen 加宽wide—width—widen加高high—height—heighten 加强strong—strength—strengthen(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):n.—v.洗澡bath—bathe呼吸breath—breathe给……穿衣cloth—clothe(二)前缀法1.超过over-:无意中听到overhear超过overtake睡过头oversleep推翻overthrow/overturn人口过剩overpopulation克服overcome忽略/俯视overlook2.重新re-:康复/找回recover脱(衣服等)/移开remove续借/更换/续签renew回收利用recycle替代replace使恢复精力refresh改革reform复习review3.前的fore-:预告foretell前额forehead预报forecast预知foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition预告predict战前的pre-war幼儿园preschool预演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife前总统ex-president6.后的post-:战后的post-war研究生postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒体的multimedia多元文化的multicultural 多项选择的multiple-choice8.远的tele-:电话telephone电视television电报telegram电信telecommunications望远镜telescope9.相互的inter-:面试interview国际的international互联网Internet相互作用interact10.微小的micro-:麦克风microphone微波microwave微软microsoft显微镜microscope11.自动的auto-:汽车automobile自传autobiography亲笔签名autograph自动地automatically 12.副的vice-:副总统vice-president副总理vice-premier 13.生态的eco-:生态学ecology生态系统ecosystem生态友好的eco-friendly14.中国的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese中石化Sinopec15.潜/次一级sub-:潜意识(的)subconscious亚热带的subtropical 地铁subway潜水艇submarine郊区的suburban副标题subtitle16.半semi-:半熟练的semi-skilled半决赛semi-final 17.三tri-:三轮车tricycle三角形triangle18.横跨trans-:转移transfer转变transform传播transmit移植transplant(三)否定的前缀或后缀1.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活跃的inactive不贵的inexpensive缺乏经验的inexperienced随便的informal不完整的incomplete不方便的inconvenient 独立的independent间接的indirect不重要的insignificant无能力的incapable/incompetent不合适的improper/inappropriate不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature不耐烦的impatient不完美的imperfect不可能的impossible不礼貌的impolite不合逻辑的illogical不合法的illegal不规则的irregular不负责的irresponsible2.un-不寻常的unusual不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不确定的uncertain不受欢迎的unpopular 不普通的uncommon不愉快的unpleasant 不重要的unimportant不必要的unnecessary 不成功的unsuccessful没被注意的unnoticed 不整洁的untidy不合理的unreasonable未完成的unfinished/undone脱衣undress打开unfold卸车unload开……的锁unlock解冻unfreeze出土/挖掘unearth拧开unscrew解开undo/unpack揭露uncover3.dis-消失disappear不鼓励discourage揭露disclose发现discover不同意disagree不同意disapprove不服从disobey不诚实的dishonest不满意的dissatisfied可耻的disgraceful弱点disadvantage 紊乱disorder4.mis-误导(v.)mislead误导的(adj.)misleading误解(v.)misunderstand滥用misuse误解(n.)misunderstanding拼错misspell不信任mistrust5.anti-防空的anti-aircraft防冻剂antifreeze抗日战争Anti-Japanese War反社会的antisocial6.de-降级degrade减少decrease贬值devalue解冻defrost毁林deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的ill-mannered不合时宜的ill-timed不合适的ill-fitting没教养的ill-bred考虑欠周的ill-considered时运不济的ill-fated非法得到的ill-gotten不健康ill health8.non-非营利的non-profit直达的non-stop不吸烟者non-smoker防滑的non-slip废话nonsense非暴力non-violence不可再生资源non-renewable resources9.-free无忧无虑的carefree无利息的interest-free免税的duty-free10.-proof防水的waterproof防震的shockproof二、转化(一)动词与名词的转换:如:1.倒退(v.)He backed his car into the garage.支持(v.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you.背后(n.)She’s the kind of person who talks about you behind your back.2.领导(v.)He headed the rebellion.使……对着某处行进(v.)He headed his boat for the shore.头(n.)He was shot in the head,dead.3.缺乏(v.)I lack words with which to express my thanks.缺乏(n.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.(二)动词与形容词的转换:如:1.越过(v.)The dog succeeded in clearing the fence.清理(v.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away.清楚的(adj.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.2.打扫(v.)Your shoes need cleaning.干净的(adj.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy.3.意味着(v.)What do you mean by saying that?吝啬的(adj.)He has always been mean with his money.(三)形容词与名词的转换:身体好的/井well好的/罚款fine公平的/展览会fair主要的/首领chief耐心的/病人patient安全的/保险箱safe坚定的/公司firm稳定的/马厩stable相对的/亲戚relative平淡的/平原plain满意的/内容content具体的/混凝土concrete三、合成1.合成形容词(1)adj.+present participle漂亮的good-looking闻着芳香的sweet-smelling随和的easy-going长相一般的ordinary-looking(2)adv.+present participle永久的ever-lasting职位高的high-ranking畅销货best-selling goods=bestseller(3)adv.+past participle著名的well-known新婚的newly-married本地制造的locally-produced坚信的firmly-believed密切相关的closely-related广泛接受的widely-accepted穿着随意的informally-dressed容易形成的easily-formed牢固的strongly-built高度发达的highly-developed人口稠密的densely-populated正式发行的officially-released 正式承认的officially-recognized(4)n.+present participle省时的time-saving耗能的energy-consuming爱好和平的peace-loving制片的film-making伤心的heart-breaking令人惊叹的breathtaking说英语的English-speaking解决问题的problem-solving令人垂涎的mouth-watering赢利的profit-making(5)n.+past participle国营的state-owned由衷的heartfelt人造的man-made覆盖雪的snow-covered粗糙的weather-beaten国产的home-made一贫如洗的poverty-stricken好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven个体经营的self-employed政府支持的government-backed(6)n.+adj.环保的environment-friendly=environmentally friendly节能的energy-efficient有成本效益的cost-effective(7)adj.+n.+-ed心不在焉的absent-minded心地善良的kind-hearted 目光短浅的short-sighted近视的near-sighted左撇子的left-handed头发花白的white-haired长尾巴的long-tailed和蔼可亲的good-natured脾气坏的bad-tempered思想开明的open-minded 狭隘的narrow-minded头脑简单的simple-minded 有空调的air-conditioned(8)n.+-ed详细的detail—detailed有经验的experience—experienced有天赋的gift—gifted/talent—talented有技能的skill—skilled2.合成名词缺点drawback框架framework人类mankind发源地birthplace壁炉fireplace木柴firewood标志性建筑landmark 手电筒flashlight车前灯headlight床上用品bedclothes日光daylight白天daytime晚间night-time 总部/总公司headquarters拂晓sunrise傍晚sunset阳光sunshine城市商业区downtown小山坡hillside合作teamwork瀑布waterfall降雨量rainfall视力eyesight薄饼pancake仓库warehouse软件software硬件hardware 草地grassland农田farmland大陆mainland祖国homeland家乡hometown笔记本notebook台式电脑desktop手提电脑laptop立场standpoint邮递员postman/mailman电子邮箱mailbox 行李箱suitcase公文包briefcase键盘keyboard滑板skateboard滑雪板snowboard 冲浪板surfboard摩托车motorcycle彩虹rainbow海岸线coastline截止日期deadline准则guideline标题headline雷暴thunderstorm航空公司airport飞机场airfield航空母舰aircraft carrier暴风雪snowstorm 宇宙飞船spacecraft/spaceship航班airline野外考察fieldwork烟灰缸ashtray茶壶teapot牙刷toothbrush战时wartime军舰warship周工作日weekday周末weekend车间workshop野生动植物wildlife 沙尘暴sandstorm泥石流mudslide 书架bookshelf数据库database高速公路freeway/expressway/motorway地铁underground/subway/metro/tube鸡尾酒cocktail庭院courtyard墓地graveyard 手指甲fingernail明信片postcard观点viewpoint飞机aircraft/aeroplane 书虫bookworm蚕silkworm蚯蚓earthworm蝴蝶butterfly蜻蜓dragonfly萤火虫firefly花生peanut板栗chestnut核桃walnut椰子coconut突破breakthrough外卖食物take-away聚会get-together化妆品make-up机构set-up瞭望台lookout收银台checkout体检check-up中间人go-between成年人grown-up儿媳daughter-in-law温室greenhouse行踪whereabouts故障breakdown倒计时countdown密码password关键词keyword养育upbringing爆发outbreak(break out)衰败downfall(fall down)收入income(come in) 结果outcome(come out)旁观者onlooker(look on) 输入input(put in)输出/产量output(put out)出口outlet(let out)。

[Your Name][Your Address][City, State, Zip Code][Email Address][Phone Number][Date][Consulate General of [Destination Country]][Address of the Consulate General][City, State, Zip Code]Subject: Visa Application for [Type of Visa]Dear Sir/Madam,I am writing to apply for a [type of visa] to travel to [destination country] for [purpose of visit]. I have carefully read the visa application requirements and have prepared all the necessary documentsas outlined by the [destination country] Consulate General.I am a [your occupation], currently residing in [your country of residence]. I have been living and working in [your country of residence] for the past [number of years/months] and have a stable employment and financial situation. I am permanently resident in [your country of residence] and hold a valid passport issued by the [your country of residence] government.The purpose of my visit to [destination country] is to [provide adetailed description of the purpose of your visit, such as tourism, visiting family/friends, business, etc.]. I plan to stay in [destination country] for [duration of stay], starting from [date of arrival]. I will be responsible for all my travel and living expenses during my stay in [destination country].I have enclosed the following documents with my visa application:1. Valid passport: This includes the original passport with at least six months validity from the date of my intended arrival in [destination country]. It also contains my current residential address and contact information.2. Visa application form: I have completed the visa application form accurately and honestly, providing all the requested information.3. Passport-size photograph: I have attached a recent, color passport-size photograph that meets the requirements specified by the[destination country] Consulate General.4. Travel insurance: I have obtained a valid travel insurance policythat covers my stay in [destination country], including medical expenses and emergency evacuation.5. Proof of financial means: I have provided documents such as bank statements, pay stubs, or a letter from my employer to demonstrate my ability to cover the costs of my trip.6. Proof of accommodation: I have provided details of my accommodation arrangements in [destination country], such as hotel reservations or letters of invitation from friends or family.7. Round-trip airfare: I have enclosed copies of my confirmed round-trip airfare tickets from [your country of residence] to [destination country] and back.8. Additional supporting documents: I may have included additional documents such as letters from employers, educational institutions, or travel companions, depending on the specific requirements of the visa category I am applying for.I understand that the visa application process involves a thoroughreview of my documents and may require an interview at the [destination country] Consulate General. I am available for an interview at your earliest convenience and will cooperate fully with the ConsulateGeneral's requirements.I would appreciate it if you could process my visa application as soon as possible, as my travel plans are fixed and cannot be altered. I assure you that I will comply with all the regulations and requirements of the [destination country] government during my stay.I kindly request you to grant me a [type of visa] to travel to [destination country]. I am confident that my application is complete and accurate, and I真诚地 hope to be allowed to visit [destination country] for [purpose of visit].Thank you for your time and consideration.Sincerely,[Your Name]。

附　录附录一　构词法一、派生(一)后缀法1.变名词(1)-ence,-ance结尾的名词:存在exist—existence 发生occur—occurrence查阅/参考refer—reference更喜欢/偏好prefer—preference不同differ—difference 接受accept—acceptance出现/外表appear—appearance 履行perform—performance 抵制resist—resistance 指导guide—guidance进入enter—entrance 保险insure—insurance帮助assist—assistance忍受endure—endurance/tolerate—tolerance(2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:生产produce—production 介绍introduce—introduction消费consume—consumption 减少reduce—reduction认为/假设assume—assumption/suppose—supposition毁灭destroy—destruction 描写describe—description打断interrupt—interruption 采纳/收养adopt—adoption 防止prevent—prevention接收/接待处receive—reception解决solve—solution 进化evolve—evolution建议suggest—suggestion 编辑/版本edit—edition展览exhibit—exhibition 打算/意图intend—intention认出recognize—recognition 解释/定义define—definition 保护protect—protection 方向/指导direct—direction指令instruct—instruction 建设construct—construction注射inject—injection 感染infect—infection驳斥reject—rejection反对object—objection/oppose—opposition连接connect—connection 收集collect—collection纠正correct—correction 视察inspect—inspection挑选select—selection 选举elect—election限制restrict—restriction抵触/矛盾contradict—contradiction保留reserve—reservation 保存preserve—preservation保护conserve—conservation 观察observe—observation挨饿starve—starvation 组织organize—organization文明civilize—civilization 认识realize—realization考试examine—examination 决定determine—determination 形成form—formation 通知inform—information想象imagine—imagination 运输transport—transportation 邀请invite—invitation 期待expect—expectation诱惑tempt—temptation 改编/适应adapt—adaptation移民immigrate—immigration 模仿imitate—imitation准备prepare—preparation 探索explore—exploration考虑consider—consideration 宣布declare—declaration装饰decorate—decoration 激发/灵感inspire—inspiration 放松/休闲relax—relaxation交流communicate—communication占用/职业occupy—occupation满足satisfy—satisfaction 申请/应用apply—application暗示imply—implication推荐recommend—recommendation口译/理解interpret—interpretation结合combine—combination 操作/手术operate—operation 犹豫hesitate—hesitation 教育educate—education定位locate—location 指出indicate—indication参加participate—participation计算calculate—calculation欣赏/感激appreciate—appreciation联想/协会associate—association分离separate—separation 冬眠hibernate—hibernation赔偿compensate—compensation调查investigate—investigation庆祝celebrate—celebration祝贺congratulate—congratulation翻译translate—translation积累accumulate—accumulation加速accelerate—acceleration 捐赠donate—donation解放liberate—liberation 动力motivate—motivation革新innovate—innovation集中concentrate—concentration游行/示威demonstrate—demonstration贡献contribute—contribution 分发distribute—distribution 促进promote—promotion致力devote—devotion/dedicate—dedication沮丧frustrate—frustration/depress—depression印象impress—impression 表达express—expression拥有/财产possess—possession讨论discuss—discussion扩大expand—expansion延伸extend—extension承认admit—admission 允许permit—permission排放emit—emission 爆炸explode—explosion结论conclude—conclusion 决定decide—decision划分divide—division 迷惑confuse—confusion(3)-ment结尾的名词:广告advertise—advertisement　同意agree—agreement惊奇amaze—amazement 吃惊astonish—astonishment通告announce—announcement 安排arrange—arrangement 评估assess—assessment 发展develop—development失望disappoint—disappointment雇用/就业employ—employment鼓舞encourage—encouragement款待/娱乐entertain—entertainment装备equip—equipment统治/政府govern—government改进improve—improvement 投资invest—investment卷入involve—involvement 管理manage—management惩罚punish—punishment 要求require—requirement退休retire—retirement定居/定居处settle—settlement阐述/陈述state—statement 对待/治疗treat—treatment 以……为基础/地下室base—basement铺/人行道pave—pavement完成/成就achieve—achievement/accomplish—accomplishment(4)-ness结尾的名词:adj.—n.意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness苦bitter—bitterness 盲目blind—blindness冷静calm—calmness 聪明clever—cleverness疯狂crazy—craziness 渴望eager—eagerness公平fair—fairness 愚蠢foolish—foolishness适合fit—fitness 幸福/愉快happy—happiness疾病ill—illness 友好kind—kindness懒惰lazy—laziness 孤独lonely—loneliness宁静quiet—quietness 悲伤sad—sadness严重性serious—seriousness 甜美sweet—sweetness稳定steady—steadiness 厚度thick—thickness累tired—tiredness 弱点weak—weakness冷/冷淡cold—coldness惶恐不安nervous—nervousness思乡homesick—homesickness粗心careless—carelessness 自私selfish—selfishness无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness无助/无望helpless—helplessness/hopeless—hopelessness(5)-age结尾的名词:婚姻marry—marriage 短缺short—shortage储存store—storage 包裹pack—package车厢carry—carriage 通道pass—passage(6)-th结尾的名词:温暖warm—warmth 真理true—truth死亡dead—death 成长grow—growth(7)-ure结尾的名词:快乐please—pleasure 离开depart—departure暴露expose—exposure 压力press—pressure失败fail—failure 混合mix—mixture签名sign—signature(8)-ce结尾的名词:adj.—n.缺席absent—absence 出席present—presence信心confident—confidence 方便convenient—convenience 不同different—difference 勤奋diligent—diligence远的/距离distant—distance明显的/证据evident—evidence优秀excellent—excellence 重要important—importance独立independent—independence天真/无辜innocent—innocence智力intelligent—intelligence 公正just—justice耐心patient—patience 浪漫romantic—romance沉默silent—silence 暴力violent—violencev.—n.冒犯offend—offence防御defend—defense(AmE)—defence(BrE)建议advise—advice 设施devise—device (9)-dom结尾的名词:自由free—freedom 王国king—kingdom智慧wise—wisdom(10)-hood结尾的名词:孩童时代childhood 男孩时代boyhood邻里neighborhood(11)-ship结尾的名词:所有权ownership 锦标赛championship友谊friendship 手艺craftsmanship奖学金scholarship 领导才能leadership艰难hardship 关系relationship(12)-ing结尾的名词:农业farming 变暖warming园艺gardening 学业schooling绘画painting 意思meaning绘画drawing 训练training录音tape-recording 衣物clothing感觉feeling 十字路口crossing工资earnings 问候greeting储蓄savings 所发生的事情happenings发现findings 财产belongings痛苦suffering 贡品offering环境surroundings 保龄球bowling举重weight-lifting 射击shooting摔跤wrestling2.变形容词(1)-y结尾的形容词:n.—adj.阳光灿烂的sun—sunny 多雨的rain—rainy被雪覆盖的snow—snowy 有风的wind—windy 有暴风雨的storm—stormy 寒冷的chill—chilly 多雾的fog—foggy 有霜的frost—frosty冰冷的ice—icy 阴沉的gloom—gloomy布满星星的star—starry 泥泞的mud—muddy 布满灰尘的dust—dusty 脏的dirt—dirty健康的health—healthy 富有的wealth—wealthy霸道的boss—bossy 臭的smell—smelly美味的taste—tasty 咸的salt—salty皮包骨的skin—skinny 贪婪的greed—greedy迅速的speed—speedy 狡猾的/棘手的trick—tricky v.—adj.爱挑剔的choose—choosy/pick—picky黏的stick—sticky 悦耳易记的catch—catchy害怕的scare—scary 滑溜的slip—slippery(2)-al,-ial结尾的形容词:n.—adj.全球的globe—global 文化的culture—cultural农业的agriculture—agricultural 情景的situation—situational 有条件的condition—conditional环境的environment—environmental化学的chemistry—chemical 医学的medicine—medical原始的origin—original 政治的politics—political实际的practice—practical 理论的theory—theoretical音乐的music—musical 感情的emotion—emotional国家的nation—national 自然的nature—natural个人的person—personal 偶尓的occasion—occasional精神上的mind—mental 身体上的physics—physical偶然的accident—accidental教育的education—educational技术上的technique—technical心理上的psychology—psychological沿海的coast—coastal种族的race—racial 面部的face—facial工业的industry—industrial 金融的finance—financial商业的commerce—commercial 官方的office—official有益的benefit—beneficial 典型的type—typical有影响的influence—influential(3)-ful,-less结尾的形容词:感激的thank—thankful=grateful充足的plenty—plentiful 美丽的beauty—beautiful成功的success—successful 可怕的awe—awful忠实的faith—faithful 和平的peace—peaceful高兴的joy—joyful/cheer—cheerful=enjoyable非常干净的spot—spotless无休止的end—endless 无家可归的home—homeless无工作的job—jobless=unemployed身无分文的penny—penniless无私的self—selfless=unselfish无目标的aim—aimless无线的wire—wireless 无限的limit—limitless珍贵的/无价的price—priceless=invaluable毫无价值的value—valueless/worth—worthless无语的speech—speechless上气不接下气的breath—breathless小心的,粗心的care—careful,careless多彩的,无色的color—colorful,colorless有用的,无用的use—useful,useless成果丰硕的,无成效的fruit—fruitful,fruitless强大的,无能力的power—powerful,powerless有意义的,无意义的meaning—meaningful,meaningless=pointless=senseless 痛苦的,不痛的pain—painful,painless后悔的,无悔的regret—regretful,regretless有害的,无害的harm—harmful,harmless闲适宁静的,躁动不安的rest—restful,restless优雅的,粗鲁的grace—graceful,graceless抱有希望的,无望的hope—hopeful,hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的,无助的help—helpful,helpless考虑周到的/不周到的thought—thoughtful,thoughtless(4)-(i)ous结尾的形容词:n.—adj.许多的number—numerous多山的mountain—mountainous冒险的adventure—adventurous 紧张的nerve—nervous有毒的poison—poisonous 危险的danger—dangerous灾难的disaster—disastrous 小心的caution—cautious营养的nutrition—nutritious 宗教的religion—religious宽敞的space—spacious有抱负的ambition—ambitious 神秘的mystery—mysterious (5)-able,-(s)ible 结尾的形容词:(不)可预见的predict—(un)predictable(不)可避免的avoid—(un)avoidable(不)可忘的forget—(un)forgettable(不)想要的desire—(un)desirable(不)舒服的comfort—(un)comfortable有(不)利的favor—(un)favorable(不)合适的suit—(un)suitable(不)可忍受的bear—(un)bearable(不)可忍受的endure—(un)endurable(不)可信的believe—(un)believable(不)可信的credit—(in)credible(不)可接近的access—(in)accessible看(不)见的view—(in)visible(不)可治愈的cure—(in)curable支付得起的afford—affordable适应力强的adapt—adaptable可更新的renew—renewable便携的port—portable多变的change—changeable可吃的eat—eatable可依靠的rely—reliable可行的work—workable有价值的value—valuable合理的reason—reasonable高兴的enjoy—enjoyable流行的fashion—fashionable(6)-tive结尾的形容词:v.—adj.多产的produce—productive 迷人的attract—attractive 有创造力的create—creative 保护的protect—protective 预防性的prevent—preventative 健谈的talk—talkative 可供替代的alter—alternative 相关的relate—relative 有教育意义的instruct—instructive有竞争力的compete—competitiven.—adj.有效的effect—effective 贵的expense—expensive (7)-tic,-fic结尾的形容词:系统的system—systematic 科学的science—scientific 戏剧般的drama—dramatic浪漫的romance—romantic有同情心的sympathy—sympathetic精力充沛的energy—energetic(8)-en结尾的形容词:羊毛的wool—woolen金色的gold—golden木制的wood—wooden(9)以-some结尾的形容词:英俊的hand—handsome 令人惊叹的awe—awesome 令人烦恼的trouble—troublesome烦人的tire—tiresome(10)-ly结尾的形容词:致命的dead—deadly 活跃的live—lively友好的friend—friendly 兄弟般的brother—brotherly 有次序的order—orderly 昂贵的cost—costly每月的month—monthly 每天的day—daily3.变动词(1)-fy结尾的动词:净化pure—purify 简化simple—simplify美化beautiful—beautify 使合理化just—justify使恐惧terrible—terrify 使震惊horrible—horrify合格化quality—qualify 分类class—classify(2)-ize结尾的动词:adj.—v.认识到real—realize 使现代化modern—modernize使工业化industrial—industrialize使普及popular—popularize 集权central—centralize 使全球化global—globalize 使理想化ideal—idealize 使稳定stable—stabilize 使正常化normal—normalize 社会化social—socialize 使专门化special—specialize n.—v.使物质化material—materialize总结summary—summarize记忆memory—memorize(3)-en结尾的动词:变暗dark—darken 加快quick—quicken削尖sharp—sharpen 削弱weak—weaken松开loose—loosen 变紧tight—tighten软化soft—soften 使更明亮bright—brighten恶化bad—worsen 减少little—lessen减轻/变亮light—lighten 变黑black—blacken加宽broad—broaden 缩短short—shorten adj.—n.—v.加深deep—depth—deepen 加长long—length—lengthen 加宽wide—width—widen 加高high—height—heighten 加强strong—strength—strengthen(4)-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化):n.—v.洗澡bath—bathe 呼吸breath—breathe给……穿衣cloth—clothe(二)前缀法1.超过over-:无意中听到overhear 超过overtake睡过头oversleep 推翻overthrow/overturn人口过剩overpopulation 克服overcome忽略/俯视overlook2.重新re-:康复/找回recover 脱(衣服等)/移开remove续借/更换/续签renew 回收利用recycle替代replace 使恢复精力refresh改革reform 复习review3.前的fore-:预告foretell 前额forehead预报forecast 预知foresee4.前的pre-:前提precondition 预告predict战前的pre-war 幼儿园preschool预演preview5.前的ex-:前妻ex-wife 前总统ex-president6.后的post-:战后的post-war 研究生postgraduate7.多的multi-:多媒体的multimedia 多元文化的multicultural多项选择的multiple-choice8.远的tele-:电话telephone 电视television电报telegram 电信telecommunications望远镜telescope9.相互的inter-:面试interview 国际的international互联网Internet 相互作用interact10.微小的micro-:麦克风microphone 微波microwave微软microsoft 显微镜microscope11.自动的auto-:汽车automobile 自传autobiography亲笔签名autograph 自动地automatically 12.副的vice-:副总统vice-president 副总理vice-premier 13.生态的eco-:生态学ecology 生态系统ecosystem生态友好的eco-friendly14.中国的Sino-:中日的Sino-Japanese 中石化Sinopec15.潜/次一级sub-:潜意识(的)subconscious 亚热带的subtropical 地铁subway 潜水艇submarine郊区的suburban 副标题subtitle16.半semi-:半熟练的semi-skilled 半决赛semi-final 17.三tri-:三轮车tricycle 三角形triangle18.横跨trans-:转移transfer 转变transform传播transmit 移植transplant(三)否定的前缀或后缀1.in-,im-/il-,ir-不活跃的inactive 不贵的inexpensive缺乏经验的inexperienced 随便的informal 不完整的incomplete 不方便的inconvenient 独立的independent 间接的indirect不重要的insignificant无能力的incapable/incompetent不合适的improper/inappropriate不精确的inaccurate/incorrect/inexact不充足的inadequate/insufficient不成熟的immature 不耐烦的impatient不完美的imperfect 不可能的impossible不礼貌的impolite 不合逻辑的illogical不负责的irresponsible2.un-不寻常的unusual 不安的uneasy不公平的unfair/unjust不知道的unaware/unconscious不确定的uncertain 不受欢迎的unpopular不普通的uncommon 不愉快的unpleasant不重要的unimportant 不必要的unnecessary不成功的unsuccessful 没被注意的unnoticed不整洁的untidy 不合理的unreasonable未完成的unfinished/undone脱衣undress 打开unfold卸车unload 开……的锁unlock解冻unfreeze 出土/挖掘unearth拧开unscrew 解开undo/unpack揭露uncover3.dis-消失disappear 不鼓励discourage揭露disclose 发现discover不同意disagree 不同意disapprove不服从disobey 不诚实的dishonest不满意的dissatisfied 可耻的disgraceful弱点disadvantage 紊乱disorder4.mis-误导(v.)mislead 误导的(adj.)misleading误解(v.)misunderstand 滥用misuse误解(n.)misunderstanding 拼错misspell不信任mistrust5.anti-防空的anti-aircraft 防冻剂antifreeze抗日战争Anti-Japanese War 反社会的antisocial 6.de-降级degrade 减少decrease贬值devalue 解冻defrost毁林deforestation7.ill-虐待ill-treat 信息不足的ill-informed不礼貌的ill-mannered 不合时宜的ill-timed考虑欠周的ill-considered 时运不济的ill-fated非法得到的ill-gotten 不健康ill health8.non-非营利的non-profit 直达的non-stop不吸烟者non-smoker 防滑的non-slip废话nonsense 非暴力non-violence不可再生资源non-renewable resources9.-free无忧无虑的carefree 无利息的interest-free免税的duty-free10.-proof防水的waterproof 防震的shockproof二、转化(一)动词与名词的转换:如:1.倒退(v.)He backed his car into the garage.支持(v.)You are not alone,and we are all backing you.背后(n.)She’s the kind of person who talks about you behind your back.2.领导(v.)He headed the rebellion.使……对着某处行进(v.)He headed his boat for the shore.头(n.)He was shot in the head,dead.3.缺乏(v.)I lack words with which to express my thanks.缺乏(n.)Lack of proper funding is making our job more difficult.(二)动词与形容词的转换:如:1.越过(v.)The dog succeeded in clearing the fence.清理(v.)He cleared the table by taking plates,forks and knives away.清楚的(adj.)To make yourself clear without using facial expressions can be very difficult.2.打扫(v.)Your shoes need cleaning.干净的(adj.)Try to keep your room clean and tidy.3.意味着(v.)What do you mean by saying that?吝啬的(adj.)He has always been mean with his money.(三)形容词与名词的转换:身体好的/井well 好的/罚款fine公平的/展览会fair 主要的/首领chief耐心的/病人patient 安全的/保险箱safe坚定的/公司firm 稳定的/马厩stable相对的/亲戚relative 平淡的/平原plain满意的/内容content 具体的/混凝土concrete1.合成形容词(1)adj.+present participle漂亮的good-looking 闻着芳香的sweet-smelling随和的easy-going 长相一般的ordinary-looking(2)adv.+present participle永久的ever-lasting 职位高的high-ranking畅销货best-selling goods=bestseller(3)adv.+past participle著名的well-known 新婚的newly-married本地制造的locally-produced 坚信的firmly-believed密切相关的closely-related 广泛接受的widely-accepted穿着随意的informally-dressed 容易形成的easily-formed牢固的strongly-built 高度发达的highly-developed人口稠密的densely-populated 正式发行的officially-released 正式承认的officially-recognized(4)n.+present participle省时的time-saving 耗能的energy-consuming爱好和平的peace-loving 制片的film-making伤心的heart-breaking 令人惊叹的breathtaking说英语的English-speaking解决问题的problem-solving 令人垂涎的mouth-watering赢利的profit-making(5)n.+past participle国营的state-owned 由衷的heartfelt人造的man-made 覆盖雪的snow-covered粗糙的weather-beaten 国产的home-made一贫如洗的poverty-stricken好奇心驱使的curiosity-driven个体经营的self-employed政府支持的government-backed(6)n.+adj.环保的environment-friendly=environmentally friendly节能的energy-efficient有成本效益的cost-effective(7)adj.+n.+-ed心不在焉的absent-minded 心地善良的kind-hearted目光短浅的short-sighted 近视的near-sighted左撇子的left-handed 头发花白的white-haired脾气坏的bad-tempered 思想开明的open-minded 狭隘的narrow-minded 头脑简单的simple-minded 有空调的air-conditioned(8)n.+-ed详细的detail—detailed有经验的experience—experienced有天赋的gift—gifted/talent—talented有技能的skill—skilled2.合成名词缺点drawback 框架framework人类mankind 发源地birthplace壁炉fireplace 木柴firewood标志性建筑landmark 手电筒flashlight车前灯headlight 床上用品bedclothes日光daylight 白天daytime晚间night-time 总部/总公司headquarters拂晓sunrise 傍晚sunset阳光sunshine 城市商业区downtown小山坡hillside 合作teamwork瀑布waterfall 降雨量rainfall视力eyesight 薄饼pancake仓库warehouse 软件software硬件hardware 草地grassland农田farmland 大陆mainland祖国homeland 家乡hometown笔记本notebook 台式电脑desktop手提电脑laptop 立场standpoint邮递员postman/mailman 电子邮箱mailbox行李箱suitcase 公文包briefcase键盘keyboard 滑板skateboard滑雪板snowboard 冲浪板surfboard摩托车motorcycle彩虹rainbow 海岸线coastline截止日期deadline 准则guideline标题headline 雷暴thunderstorm航空公司airport 飞机场airfield航空母舰aircraft carrier 暴风雪snowstorm宇宙飞船spacecraft/spaceship烟灰缸ashtray 茶壶teapot牙刷toothbrush 战时wartime军舰warship 周工作日weekday周末weekend 车间workshop野生动植物wildlife 沙尘暴sandstorm泥石流mudslide 书架bookshelf数据库database高速公路freeway/expressway/motorway地铁underground/subway/metro/tube鸡尾酒cocktail 庭院courtyard墓地graveyard 手指甲fingernail明信片postcard 观点viewpoint飞机aircraft/aeroplane 书虫bookworm蚕silkworm 蚯蚓earthworm蝴蝶butterfly 蜻蜓dragonfly萤火虫firefly 花生peanut板栗chestnut 核桃walnut椰子coconut 突破breakthrough外卖食物take-away 聚会get-together化妆品make-up 机构set-up瞭望台lookout 收银台checkout体检check-up 中间人go-between成年人grown-up 儿媳daughter-in-law温室greenhouse 行踪whereabouts故障breakdown 倒计时countdown密码password 关键词keyword养育upbringing爆发outbreak(break out)衰败downfall(fall down) 收入income(come in)结果outcome(come out) 旁观者onlooker(look on)输入input(put in) 输出/产量output(put out)出口outlet(let out)。

词性转换----名词词缀1.v+ ment 结尾achieve---achievementadvertise--- advertisement// advertising agree— agreementadjust---adjustmentannounce---announcementamuse---amusementarrange---- arrangementastonish---astonishmentadvertise---advertisementassess---assessmentappoint---appointmentargue---argumen t amaze—amazementdevelop---developmentequip ---equipment employ---employment entertain---entertainment encourage---encouragement govern—government improve---improvement judge---judgement/judgment manage---management move---movementpunish---punishment require---requirement state---statementsettle---settlementtreat---treatment departmentapartmentdisappoint---disappointment invest--investment2．V+ tion/sion/ation 结尾以t 结尾的单词,直接+ ion -变成tion 以te结尾的单词，变te 为tion ssociate--association separate---separationadopt---adoption attract—attractionappreciate---appreciation construct---constructionconnect---connection collect---collectioncontribute---contribution congratulate----congratulationcelebrate---celebration communicate---communicationdirect---direction donate---donationdevote---devotion elect---electionexhibit---exhibition educate-----education graduate—graduation instruct---instructioninvent---invention imitate---imitationinvestigate--- investigation locate---locationmotivate---motivation operate—operationtranslate--- translation promote---promotionpredict---prediction prevent---preventionprotect---protection pollute----pollutionparticipate---participation suggest- suggestionoppose---opposition recognize--recognitionintroduce—introduction produce—production reduce---reduction变为ationobserve---observation organize---organizationcivilize---civilization realize---realizationexamine---examination determine---determinationdeclare---declaration imagine---imaginationtransport---transportation expect---expectationadapt---adaptation invite---invitationstarve---starvation combine---combinationconsider---consideration explore---explorationprepare---preparation inspire---inspirationcommunicate---communication illustrate --illustrationlimit---limitation inform---informationimmigrate--immigration present--presentationdecorate--decoration变siondiscuss—discussion express ----expression tension impress—impression possess---possessionconclude—conclusion decide----decision comprehend--comprehension explode---explosion divide---division特例：add--- addition admit---admission emit---emission occupy---occupation apply---application identify--identification permit---permission pronounce ---pronunciationsatisfy---satisfaction destroy---destructioncompete—competition describe—descriptionintend---intention explain--explanationsatisfy--satisfaction evolve---evolutionresolve -----resolution solve -----solution3．V+ ance / ence 结尾appear—appearance 外貌，出现perform----performance 演出guide---guidance 指导assist---assistance 帮助enter---entrance 进入allow—allowance 允许insure--insurance endure--endurance忍耐力exist—existence 存在differ---difference 不同refer---reference 参考prefer---preference 偏爱adj----n.absent---absence brilliant ---brillianceconfident---confidence different---difference distant---distance dominant---dominance diligent---diligenceevident---evidence elegant--- eleganceimportant---importance ignorant ---ignoranceintelligent ---intelligence patient---patiencesignificant ---significance silent--- silenceviolent ---violence present---presence4．V+ ing 结尾bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾，结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语paint---painting 绘画farm---farming 农业greet---greeting 问候suffer---suffering 痛苦，苦难feel---feelingsurround—surroundings save---saving 存款belong---belonging 财产begin---beginning hear---hearing5. th结尾的名词true—truth wide—width long—length grow---growthwarm-warmth dead—death strong---strength heal---healthwealthy--wealth财富6. –ness结尾的名词happy—happiness kind---kindness businessaware---awareness careless---carelessness dry--drynessweak---weakness lonely---loneliness silly--sillinesssad---sadness lazy---laziness willing--willingnessill ---illness dark---darkness sick--sickness7 –age 结尾的名词marry---marriage short---shortage pass---passage pack---package percentage百分比8.- ure 结尾的名词please---pleasure depart---departurepress---pressure fail---failuremix---mixture expose---exposure sign---signature9.--- dom 结尾的名词free---freedom wise---wisdom king---kingdom10. 以–y结尾的名词动词—y---------名词discover--- discovery deliver--- deliveryrecover---- recovery injure---- injury apologize---apology形容词---y-------名词brave---bravery difficult---difficulty honest---honestysafe---safety cruel---cruelty以–bility结尾的名词able ----ability disable----disabilitypossible----possibility responsible----responsibilityreal ---reality major---majorityminor---minority popular----popularityequal---equality secure--securitycurious---curiosity generous--generosityanxious---anxiety various---varietycertain---certainty loyal---loyalty形容词—cyaccurate---accuracy fluent---fluency private---privacy efficient---efficiency11. 以–al结尾的名词arrive---arrival 到达，抵达approve---approvalsurvive---survival propose---proposalcriminal 犯罪，罪犯final （常复）决赛，期末考试funeral 葬礼general 将军interval 间隔，距离，幕间休息medal 奖牌，勋章mineral 矿物，矿石metal 金属moral 品行，教训musical 音乐片memorial 纪念碑，纪念馆normal 正常，标准official 官员signal 信号，暗号professional 专业人士12.以-ism结尾的名词Buddha佛--Buddhism佛教tourism旅游业criticism 批评social--socialism社会主义capital--capitalism资本主义communism共产主义imperial--imperialism帝国主义Confucian孔子的-- Confucianism儒教13. 以-er/-or/-ist/-ant/-an/-ar结尾的名词waiter男招待driver researcher examiner主考人、监考员gardener园艺工owner wrestler摔跤者teacher observer观测者/观察员worker lawyer adviser顾问minister部长、大臣premier总理prime minister首相singer歌手geographer 地理学家philosopher哲学家composer作曲家reporter writer manager headmaster 校长printer印刷工人cleaner清洁工hair dresser理发师engineer工程师performer 演出人员officer官员player运动员programmer程序师baker烤面包师dancer photographer摄影师fortune-teller算命先生television producer电视制片人cashier出纳员peddler小贩visitor doctor博士或医生tutor(大学)指导教师/助教director导演collector收藏家instructor教练导师sailor author作家monitor 班长inventor spectator体育观众conductor售票员，列车员editor translator operator操作人员artist chemist化学家novelist小说家dentist牙科医生pianist钢琴家journalist记者，新闻工作者pharmacist药剂师receptionist接待员chemist化学家dramatist剧作家physicist物理学家hairstylist发型师scientist typist打字员tourist游客columnist专栏作家biologist生物学家linguist语言学家biochemist生物化学家zoologist动物学家botanist植物学violinist小提琴家American historian Christian基督徒physician内科医生musicianvegetarian素食主义者librarian图书管理员scholar liar attendant服务员assistant售货员14.以-ship结尾的名词friendship友谊，友情hardship 困难ownership所有制membership会员资格relationship关系scholarship奖学金spaceship宇宙飞船leadership领导地位14. 不规则变化weigh---weight proud---prideanalyze---analysis lose---losslaugh---laughter affect---effectbehave---behavior compare---comparisonchoose---choice fly---flighthungry---hunger angry---angerbelieve---belief think---thoughtcontain---container advise---advice complain---complaint名词后缀总结练习1.v+ ment 结尾achieve agree adjust announce amuse arrange astonish advertiseassessappointargueamazedevelopequipemploy-entertainencouragegovernimprovejudgemanagemovepunish-requirestatesettletreatdisappoint2．V+tion/sion/ation结尾以t 结尾的单词,直接+ ion -变成tion 以te结尾的单词，变te 为tionassociate appreciate contribute congratulate celebrate communicate donate devote educate graduate imitate investigatelocatemotivateoperatetranslatepromotepolluteparticipateseparatecommunicateillustrateadoptattractpredictpreventprotectconstructconnectcollectdirectdiscusselectexhibitinstructinventsuggest-introduceproducereduce变为ationobserve- organize civilize realize examine- determinedeclareimaginetransportexpect-adapt-invitestarve-combineconsiderexploreprepareinspirelimitinform-变sion discussexpress impress possessconcludedecideexplodedividepermitadmit emit admit 特例：add occupy- apply- pronounce satisfydestroycompetedescribeintend-explain-evolveresolvesolve3．V+ ance / ence 结尾appear perform guide assistenterallowinsure-existdiffer-refer-preferadj----n. (t---ce）absent- dominant- brilliant - confident- different- distant-diligent-evident-elegantimportant-ignorantintelligentpatientpresentsignificantsilent-violent4．V+ ing 结尾bathe end train mean saypaintfarm-greet-suffer-feelsurroundsavebelong-beginhear5. th结尾的名词true wide longgrow---warm-dead—strong---heal6. –ness结尾的名词happy kind- aware- careless-weak-lonely-sad-lazy-ill -dark7 –age 结尾的名词marry--- short--- pass--- pack--- 8.- ure 结尾的名词please--- depart--- press--fail---mix---expose---sign---9.--- dom 结尾的名词free--- wise--king--- 10. 以–y结尾的名词动词—y---------名词discover-deliver-recover-injureapologize 形容词---y-------名词brave-difficult-safe-cruel-11.以–bility结尾的名词able -disable- possible- responsible- real -major-minor-popular-equal-securecurious-generousanxious-various-certain-loyal12形容词—cyaccurate--- fluent--- private- efficient- urgent 13. 以–al结尾的名词arrive- approve survive—propose 14. 不规则变化weigh-- affect proud-complainanalyze- think-- behave- compare-lose- laugh- choose-- fly--hungry- angry-- believe- contain-- advise--。

工作就业类词汇Ministry of Labour 劳工部 (美作:Department of Labor)labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所 (美作:Employment Bureau)labour management 职业介绍经纪人full employment 整日制工作to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬seasonal work 季节工作piecework work 计件工作timework work 计时工作teamwork work 联合工作shift work 换班工作assembly line work 组装线工作 (美作:serial production)workshop 车间handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺trade, craft 行当profession, occupation 职务employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证to apply for a job 求职, 找工作application(for a job) 求职to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同industrial accident 劳动事故occupational disease 职业病vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期receptionist 接待员typist 打字员key puncher 电脑操作员stenographer 速记员telephone operator 电话接线员programmer 电脑程序员system analyst 系统分析员shorthand typist 速记打字员office girl 女记事员public servants 公务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员tracer 绘图员illustrator 汇稿员saleswoman 女店员simultaneous 同时译员publisher 出版人员graphic designer 美术设计员delivery boy 送报员secretary 秘书policeman 警察journalist 记者editor 编辑interpreter 通译者director 导演talent 星探actor 男演员actress 女演员photographer 摄影师scholar 学者translator 翻译家novelist 小说家playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家astropologist 人类学家archaeologist 考古学家geologist 地质学家expert on folklore 民俗学家mathematician 数学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家artists 艺术家painter 画家musician 音乐家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 设计家sculptor 雕刻家designer 服装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师dressmaker 女装裁剪师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师beautician 美容师model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星detective 刑警chief of police 警察局长taxi driver 出租车司机clerk 店员mailman 邮差newspaper boy 报童bootblack 擦鞋童poet 诗人copywriter 撰稿人producer 制片人newscaster 新闻评论人milkman 送奶人merchant 商人florist 卖花人baker 面包师greengrocer 菜贩fish－monger 鱼贩butcher 肉贩shoe－maker 鞋匠saleswoman 女店员stewardess 空中小姐conductor 车掌station agent 站长porter 行李夫car mechanic 汽车修理师architect 建筑师civil planner 城市设计师civil engineer 土木技师druggist, chemist, pharmacist 药剂师guide 导游oil supplier 加油工(public) health nurse 保健护士dentist 牙科医生supervisor 监工forman 工头doctor 医生nurse 护士。

高中英语最实用的词根词缀汇总1. 词根（Root）act：表示“做，行动”activate (使激活), react (反应), interact (互动) aud：表示“听”audience (听众), audible (听得见的), audio (音频) dict：表示“说”dictate (命令), predict (预言), contradict (反驳) graph/gram：表示“写，画”autograph (签名), diagram (图表), biography (传记) ject：表示“扔，投”reject (拒绝), project (项目), inject (注射)port：表示“携，带”transport (运输), import (进口), export (出口) rupt：表示“断裂，破”disrupt (扰乱), erupt (爆发), interrupt (打断) spect：表示“看”inspect (检查), respect (尊重), suspect (怀疑) struct：表示“建造”construct (建造), structure (结构), instruct (指导) tract：表示“拉，拖”attract (吸引), contract (合同), extract (提取)2. 前缀（Prefix）a-/an-：表示“无，不”amoral (无道德的), anarchy (无政府状态), anonymous (匿名的) anti-：表示“反，对抗”antibiotic (抗生素), antifreeze (防冻剂), antibody (抗体)co-/com-/con-：表示“共同，一起”cooperate (合作), community (社区), connect (连接)dis-：表示“否定，相反”disagree (不同意), disappear (消失), disapprove (不赞成)in-/im-/il-/ir-：表示“否定，不”invisible (看不见的), impossible (不可能的), illegal (非法的), irregular (不规则的)pre-：表示“在前，预先”predict (预测), preview (预览), prepare (准备)re-：表示“再次，重新”rewrite (重写), rebuild (重建), review (复习)sub-：表示“在下，次级”submarine (潜水艇), subway (地铁), substitute (代替)3. 后缀（Suffix）-able/-ible：表示“能...的”acceptable (可接受的), visible (可见的), flexible (灵活的)-ful：表示“充满...的”joyful (充满快乐的), hopeful (充满希望的), useful (有用的) -less：表示“无...的”hopeless (无望的), fearless (无畏的), endless (无尽的)-ment：表示“状态或结果”agreement (协议), enjoyment (享受), development (发展) -ness：表示“性质，状态”happiness (幸福), kindness (善良), darkness (黑暗)-tion/-sion：表示“动作或状态”action (行动), decision (决定), discussion (讨论)一些特例动词——形容词sleep → asleepdie → deadenjoy → enjoyable动词——现在分词转化为名词boat → boatingbuild → buildingbegin → beginningcross → crossingmeet → meetingturn → turning名词——形容词friend → friendlysouth → southernwool → woolendanger → dangerousdifference → differen tfry → friedworry → worried动词——过去分词转为形容词break → brokenlose →lostplease → pleasedcolour → coloured动词——名词know → knowledgeplease → pleasure动词——名词farm → farmer动词——现在分词、过去分词转为形容词follow → followinginterest → interested （“感兴趣的” 只作表语，仅用于be interested in）interest → interesting “有趣的”可作表语和定语develop → developed “发达的”develop → developing “发展中的”后缀法变名词-ence,-ance结尾的名词:存在exist—existence发生occur—occurrence查阅/参考refer—reference更喜欢/偏好prefer—preference不同differ—difference接受accept—acceptance出现appear—appearance履行perform—performance抵制resist—resistance指导guide—guidance进入enter—entrance保险insure—insurance帮助assist—assistance忍受endure—endurance/tolerate—tolerance (2)-tion,-sion结尾的名词:生产produce—production介绍introduce—introduction消费consume—consumption减少reduce—reduction认为/假设assume—assumption/suppose—supposition 毁灭destroy—destruction描写describe—description打断interrupt—interruption采纳/收养adopt—adoption防止prevent—prevention接收/接待处receive—reception解决solve—solution进化evolve—evolution建议suggest—suggestion编辑/版本edit—edition展览exhibit—exhibition打算/意图intend—intention认出recognize—recognition解释/定义define—definition保护protect—protection方向/指导direct—direction指令instruct—instruction建设construct—construction注射inject—injection感染infect—infection驳斥reject—rejection反对object—objection/oppose—opposition 连接connect—connection收集collect—collection纠正correct—correction视察inspect—inspection挑选select—selection选举elect—election限制restrict—restriction抵触/矛盾contradict—contradiction保留reserve—reservation保存preserve—preservation保护conserve—conservation观察observe—observation挨饿starve—starvation组织organize—organization文明civilize—civilization认识realize—realization考试examine—examination决定determine—determination形成form—formation通知inform—information想象imagine—imagination运输transport—transportation邀请invite—invitation期待expect—expectation诱惑tempt—temptation改编/适应adapt—adaptation移民immigrate—immigration模仿imitate—imitation准备prepare—preparation探索explore—exploration考虑consider—consideration宣布declare—declaration装饰decorate—decoration激发/灵感inspire—inspiration放松/休闲relax—relaxation交流communicate—communication 占用/职业occupy—occupation满足satisfy—satisfaction申请/应用apply—application暗示imply—implication推荐recommend—recommendation 口译/理解interpret—interpretation 结合combine—combination操作/手术operate—operation犹豫hesitate—hesitation教育educate—education定位locate—location指出indicate—indication参加participate—participation计算calculate—calculation欣赏/感激appreciate—appreciation 联想/协会associate—association分离separate—separation冬眠hibernate—hibernation赔偿compensate—compensation调查investigate—investigation庆祝celebrate—celebration祝贺congratulate—congratulation 翻译translate—translation积累accumulate—accumulation加速accelerate—acceleration捐赠donate—donation解放liberate—liberation动力motivate—motivation革新innovate—innovation集中concentrate—concentration游行/示威demonstrate—demonstration贡献contribute—contribution分发distribute—distribution促进promote—promotion致力devote—devotion/dedicate—dedication沮丧frustrate—frustration/depress—depression 印象impress—impression表达express—expression拥有/财产possess—possession讨论discuss—discussion扩大expand—expansion延伸extend—extension承认admit—admission允许permit—permission排放emit—emission爆炸explode—explosion结论conclude—conclusion决定decide—decision划分divide—division迷惑confuse—confusion(3)-ment结尾的名词:广告advertise—advertisement同意agree—agreement惊奇amaze—amazement吃惊astonish—astonishment通告announce—announcement安排arrange—arrangement评估assess—assessment发展develop—development失望disappoint—disappointment 雇用/就业employ—employment鼓舞encourage—encouragement 款待/娱乐entertain—entertainment 装备equip—equipment统治/政府govern—government改进improve—improvement投资invest—investment卷入involve—involvement管理manage—management惩罚punish—punishment要求require—requirement退休retire—retirement定居/定居处settle—settlement阐述/陈述state—statement对待/治疗treat—treatment以……为基础/地下室base—basement铺/人行道pave—pavement完成/成就achieve—achievement/accomplish—accomplishment (4)-ness结尾的名词:adj.—n.意识aware—awareness/conscious—consciousness苦bitter—bitterness盲目blind—blindness冷静calm—calmness聪明clever—cleverness疯狂crazy—craziness渴望eager—eagerness公平fair—fairness愚蠢foolish—foolishness适合fit—fitness幸福/愉快happy—happiness疾病ill—illness友好kind—kindness懒惰lazy—laziness孤独lonely—loneliness宁静quiet—quietness悲伤sad—sadness严重性serious—seriousness甜美sweet—sweetness稳定steady—steadiness厚度thick—thickness累tired—tiredness弱点weak—weakness冷/冷淡cold—coldness惶恐不安nervous—nervousness思乡homesick—homesickness粗心careless—carelessness自私selfish—selfishness无私selfless—selflessness/unselfish—unselfishness。

陪审员申请表填写范文英文回答：Jury Application Form.Name: [Your Name]Occupation: [Your Occupation]Address: [Your Address]Phone Number: [Your Phone Number]Email: [Your Email Address]1. Why do you want to be a juror?I want to be a juror because I believe in upholding justice and ensuring a fair trial for all individuals involved. As a citizen, it is my duty to contribute to thelegal system and play a role in the decision-making process. Being a juror allows me to actively participate in the justice system and make a difference in people's lives.中文回答：陪审员申请表。

姓名，[你的姓名]职业，[你的职业]地址，[你的地址]电话号码，[你的电话号码]电子邮件，[你的电子邮件地址]1. 你为什么想成为陪审员？我想成为陪审员是因为我相信维护正义，确保对所有涉案人员进行公正审判。

作为一个公民，我有责任为法律制度做出贡献，并参与决策过程。

成为陪审员让我能够积极参与司法系统，对人们的生活产生积极影响。

2. What qualities and skills do you possess that would make you an effective juror?I possess excellent listening and analytical skills, which are crucial in understanding and evaluating complex legal arguments and evidence. I am also able to remain impartial and open-minded, allowing me to make fair and unbiased decisions. Additionally, my ability to communicate effectively and work collaboratively with others enables me to contribute effectively to the deliberation process.中文回答：2. 你具备哪些品质和技能使你成为一个有效的陪审员？我具备出色的倾听和分析能力，这在理解和评估复杂的法律论证和证据方面至关重要。

日本签证英文申请书模板如下：[Your Name][Your Address][City, Postal Code][Country][Date][Consulate General of Japan / Japanese Embassy][Address][City, Postal Code][Country]Subject: Application for a Visa to JapanDear Sir/Madam,I am writing to apply for a [type of visa] to Japan. I intend to travel to Japan for [purpose of visit], and I have gathered all the necessary documents and information to support my application.I am a [Your Occupation], working at [Your Employer's Name] in [Your Employer's Address]. I have been employed here since [Start Date] and have a stable job. My annual income is [Your Annual Income]. I am also a permanent resident of [Your Country] and have lived here for [Number of Years].The purpose of my visit to Japan is to [State the purpose of your visit, such as tourism, business, or visiting family and friends]. I will be staying in Japan for [duration of stay], starting from [Date of Arrival] and returning to [Country of Residence] on [Date of Return]. I have made all the necessary arrangements for my accommodation and transportation during my stay in Japan.I have attached a copy of my passport to this application, which isvalid for at least six months beyond the date of my intended return to [Country of Residence]. I also have a valid [Type of Visa] for [Country of Residence], which will be valid for at least six months beyond the date of my intended return to [Country of Residence].I have also attached a copy of my itinerary for my trip to Japan, including all flights, accommodations, and any other travel arrangements.I have also included a copy of my travel insurance policy, which covers me for the duration of my stay in Japan.I understand that a visa to Japan is an official document that allows me to enter and stay in Japan for a specific period. I assure you that Iwill comply with all the laws and regulations of Japan during my stayand will return to [Country of Residence] at the end of my visit.I have never been convicted of a crime or been involved in any illegal activities. I do not have any mental or physical conditions that could pose a risk to the public health or safety in Japan.I understand that the Consulate General of Japan / Japanese Embassy has the right to refuse my visa application without providing any reason. However, I kindly request that you consider my application favorably, as I am confident that I have provided all the necessary information and documents to support my application.I appreciate your time and consideration. If you have any further questions or require any additional information, please do not hesitate to contact me at [Your Contact Information].Thank you for your assistance.Sincerely,[Your Name]。

职位英文缩写GM〔General Manager〕总经理VP〔Vice President〕副总裁FVP〔First Vice President〕第一副总裁AVP〔Assistant Vice President〕副总裁助理------------------------------------------------------------------CEO〔Chief Executive Officer〕首席执行官COO〔Chief Operations Officer〕首席运营官CFO〔Chief Financial Officer〕首席财务官CTO〔Chief Technology Officer〕首席技术官------------------------------------------------------------------HRD〔Human Resource Director〕人力资源总监OD〔Operations Director〕运营总监MD〔Marketing Director〕市场总监OM〔Operations Manager〕运作经理PM〔Production Manager生产经理、Product Manager产品经理、Project Manager工程经理) 注：这里面变化比拟多，要结合谈话时的背景来判断究竟是指哪种身份〕BM〔Branch Manager〕部门经理DM〔District Manager〕区域经理RM〔Regional Manager〕区域经理＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝President 总裁Vice-President 副总裁Assistant VP 副总裁助理Executive Marketing Director 市场行政总监General Manager 总经理Branch Manager 部门经理Product Manager 产品经理Project Manager 工程经理Regional Manager 区域经理Production Manager 生产经理Transportation Manager 运输经理Applications Programmer 应用软件程序员Computer Operator 电脑操作员Computer Operations Supervisor 电脑操作主管Hardware Engineer 硬件工程师Computer Technician 电脑技术员MIS Manager 管理信息系统部经理Developmental Engineer 开发工程师Operations Analyst 操作分析Director of Information Services 信息效劳主管LAN Administrator 局域网管理员Systems Analyst 系统分析Manager of Network Administration 网络管理经理Systems Engineer 系统工程师Product Support Manager 产品支持经理Systems Programmer 系统程序员VP Sales 销售副总裁VP Marketing 市场副总裁Senior Account Manager 高级客户经理Telemarketing Director 销售总监Sales Administrator 销售主管Telemarketer 销售员Regional Sales Manager 地区销售经理Tele-Interviewer 调查员Regional Account Manager 地区客户经理Salesperson 销售员Sales Representative 销售代表Merchandising Manager 采购经理Sales Manager 销售经理Marketing Consultant 市场参谋Sales Executive 销售执行者Marketing Assistant 市场助理Sales Assistant 销售助理Marketing and Sales Director 市场与销售总监Retail Buyer 零售采购员Market Research Analyst 市场调查分析员Manufacturer’s Representative 厂家代表Purchasing Agent 采购代理Assistant Account Executive 客户管理助理Marketing Manager 市场经理Advertising Manager 广告经理Marketing Intern 市场实习Advertising Coordinator 广告协调员Marketing Director 市场总监Advertising Assistant 广告助理Account Manager 客户经理Account Representative 客户代表Accounting Payable Clerk 应付帐款文员Accounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Manager 会计经理Accounts Receivable Clerk 应收帐款文员Accounting Clerk 会计文员Certified Public Accountant 注册会计师Senior Accountant 高级会计Chief Financial Officer 首席财务官Audit Manager 审计经理Collections Officer 收款负责人Actuarial Analyst 保险分析员Auditor 审计师Junior Accountant 初级会计Loan Administrator 贷款管理员Management Accountant 管理会计Billing Clerk 票据文员Billing Supervisor 票据管理员Bookkeeper 档案管理Staff Auditor 审计员Bookkeeping Clerk 档案管理助理Budget Analyst 预算分析Tax Accountant 税务会计Credit Analyst 信用分析Credit Manager 信用管理经理Vice-President of Administration and Finance 财务行政副总裁Financial Analyst 财务分析Vice-President of Finance 财务副总裁Financial Consultant 财务参谋Financial Manager 财务经理Financial Planner 财务方案员VP HR 人力资源副总裁Assistant VP HR 人力资源副总裁助理HR Director 人力资源总监Compensation &Benefit Manager 薪酬福利经理Staffing Manager 招聘经理Training Manager 培训经理Benefits Coordinator 职工福利协调员Employer Relations Representative 职工关系代表Payroller 工资专员Training Coordinator 培训协调员Training Specialist 培训专员HR Supervisor (Training) 培训主管Vice-President of Administration 行政副总裁Administrative Director 行政总监Office Manager 办公室经理File Clerk 档案管理员Administration Assistant 行政助理Receptionist 接待员General Office Clerk 办公室文员Secretary 秘书Order Entry Clerk 订单输入文员Operator 接线员Typist 打字员visiting professor 客座教授＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝Ministry of Labour 劳工部(美作epartment of Labor)labour market 劳工市场, 劳务市场Labour exchange, Employment exchange 职业介绍所(美作:Employment Bureau)labour management 职业介绍经纪人full employment 整日制工作to be paid by the hour 按小时付酬seasonal work 季节工作piecework work 计件工作timework work 计时工作teamwork work 联合工作shift work 换班工作assembly line work 组装线工作(美作:serial production)workshop 车间handicrafts, crafts 手艺, 技艺trade, craft 行当profession, occupation 职务employment, job 工作situation, post 位置job 一件工作vacancy 空缺, 空额work permit 工作许可证to apply for a job 求职, 找工作application(for a job) 求职to engage, to employ 雇用work contract 劳务合同industrial accident 劳动事故occupational disease 职业病vocational guidance 职业指导vocational training 职业训练retraining, reorientation, rehabilitation 再训练, 再培训holidays, holiday, vacation 假期receptionist 接待员typist 打字员key puncher 电脑操作员stenographer 速记员telephone operator 接线员programmer 电脑程序员system analyst 系统分析员shorthand typist 速记打字员office girl 女记事员public servants 公务员national public servant 国家公务员local public service employee 地方公务员nation railroad man 国营铁路职员tracer 绘图员illustrator 汇稿员saleswoman 女店员pilot 驾驶员simultaneous 同时译员publisher 出版人员graphic designer 美术设计员delivery boy 送报员secretary 秘书policeman 警察journalist 记者editor 编辑interpreter 通译者director 导演talent 星探actor 男演员actress 女演员photographer 摄影师scholar 学者translator 翻译家novelist 小说家playwright 剧作家linguist 语言学家botanist 植物学家economist 经济学家chemist 化学家scientist 科学家philosopher 哲学家politician 政治学家physicist 物理学家astropologist 人类学家archaeologist 考古学家geologist 地质学家expert on folklore 民俗学家mathematician 数学家biologist 生物学家zoologist 动物学家statistician 统计学家physiologist 生理学家futurologist 未来学家artists 艺术家painter 画家musician 音乐家composer 作曲家singer 歌唱家designer 设计家sculptor 雕刻家designer 服装设计师fashion coordinator 时装调配师dressmaker 女装裁剪师cutter 裁剪师sewer 裁缝师tailor 西装师傅beautician 美容师model 模特ballerina 芭蕾舞星detective 刑警chief of police 警察局长taxi driver 出租车司机clerk 店员mailman 邮差newspaper boy 报童bootblack 擦鞋童poet 诗人copywriter 撰稿人producer 制片人newscaster 新闻评论人milkman 送奶人merchant 商人florist 卖花人baker 面包师greengrocer 菜贩fish-monger 鱼贩butcher 肉贩shoe-maker 鞋匠saleswoman 女店员stewardess 空中小姐conductor 车掌station agent 站长porter 行李夫car mechanic 汽车修理师architect 建筑师civil planner 城市设计师civil engineer 土木技师druggist, chemist, pharmacist 药剂师guide 导游oil supplier 加油工(public) health nurse 保健护士dentist 牙科医生supervisor 监工forman 工头doctor 医生nurse 护士。

中文近义词或同类词计划（plan/program）1. action plan 行动计划2. retention plan （核心人员）保持计划3. gain sharing plans 收益分享计划4. business planning 企业规划5. human resources planning (HRP) 人力资源计划6. succession planning 可持续发展计划7. behavior-based program 行为改变计划8. internship programs 实习计划9. group mentoring program 群体指导计划10. formal education programs 正规教育计划评估，评价（appraisal/assessment/evaluation）1. customer appraisal顾客评估2. performance appraisal 绩效评价3. peer appraisal 同事评估4. self-appraisal 自我评估5. assessment center 评价中心6. competency assessment 能力评估7. needs assessment （培训）需要评价8. job evaluation 工作评价9. Manager appraisal 经理评估10. Appraisal 评价，评估~法，分析（analysis/system）1. functional job analysis(FJA) 职能工作分析2. internal analysis 内部分析3. job analysis 工作分析4. Markov analysis 马克夫分析法5. factor comparison system 因素比较法6. job classification system 工作分类法7. job ranking system 工作重要性排序法8. audit approach 审计法9. balanced scorecard 综合评价卡，平衡计分法10. critical incident method 关键事件法11. leaderless group discussion 无领导小组讨论法12. Task analysis 任务分析13. Trend analysis 趋势分析~化1. managing diversity 管理多元化2. delayering 扁平化3. job enlargement 工作扩大化4. job enrichment 工作丰富化5. centralization 集权化6. decentralization 分散化7. globalization 全球化8. industrialization 产业化战略（strategy/strategic）1. concentration strategy 集中战略2. external growth strategy 外部成长战略3. internal growth strategy 内部成长战略4. strategy implementation 战略执行5. strategic choice 战略选择6. strategic congruence 战略一致性7. strategic human resource management 战略性人力资源管理能力（-ability）1. reasoning ability 推理能力2. cognitive ability 认知能力3. verbal comprehension 语言理解能力4. acceptability 可接受性5. readability 易读性6. reliability 信度7. validity 效度8. utility 效用9.efficiency 效率10. communication skill 沟通技巧11. explicit knowledge 显性知识12. tacit knowledge 隐形知识13. Talent 才能，才干培训（training）1. diversity training 多元化培训2. on-the-job training (OJT) 在职培训3. coordination training 合作培训4. cross-training 交叉培训5. readiness for training 培训准备6. training administration 培训管理7. training outcomes 培训结果8. web-based training 网上培训9. orientation 入职培训10. audiovisual instruction 视听教学系统（system）1. human resource information system (HRIS) 人力资源信息系统2. welfare system 福利体系3. development planning system 开发规划系统4. high-performance work systems 高绩效工作系统5. expert systems 专家系统6. performance planning and evaluation(PPE) 绩效规划与评价系统7. frame of reference 参照系面试，面谈（interview）1. interview 面试2. situational interview 情景面试3. panel interview 小组面试4. exit interview 离职面谈5. face to face discussion 当面讨论6. role play 角色扮演表,图1. goals and timetables 目标和时间表2. replacement charts 替换表3. skill inventories 技能量表4. staffing tables 人员配置表5. data flow diagram 数据流程图6. flowchart 流程图7. questionnaire 调查问卷8. relational database 关联数据库9.payroll 职工薪水册组织(organization)1. learning organization 学习型组织2. nonprofit organization 非营利组织3. organization design and development 组织设计与发展4. organization chart 组织结构图5. organization code 组织代码6. organizational analysis 组织分析管理（management）1. human resource management 人力资源管理2. total quality management (TQM) 全面质量管理3. performance management 绩效管理4. management by objectives(MBO) 目标管理5. management forecasts 管理预测6. senior management 高级管理层7. management process 管理过程8. strategic human resource management战略性人力资源管理9. managing diversity 管理多样化10. training administration 培训管理工作（job）1. job evaluation 工作评价2. functional job analysis(FJA) 职能工作分析3. job analysis 工作分析4. job enlargement 工作扩大化5. job enrichment 工作丰富化6. job classification system 工作分类法7. job ranking system 工作重要性排序法8. job description 工作描述9. job design 工作设计10. job rotation 工作轮换11. job satisfaction 工作满意度12. job specification 工作规范13. job structure 工作结构职业，职位，劳动力相关1. occupation 职业2. career development 职业发展3. career curves 职业曲线4. career counseling 职业咨询5. career anchor 职业锚6. authority 权威7. coach 教练8. entrepreneur 企业家9. head hunter 猎头10. line manager 直线经理11. mentor 导师（顾问）12. post 职位，岗位13. applicant 求职者14. application 申请（表）15. appoint 任命16. candidate 候选人17. dismiss 解雇，开除18. downward move 降级19. promotion 晋升20. outplacement counseling 重新谋职咨询21. recruitment 招募22. reinstatement 复职23. successor 后任24. subordinate 下属25. turnover 流动，离职26. work permit / work certificate 就业许可证27. manpower 人力，劳动力28. external labor market 外部劳动力市场29. internal labor force 内部劳动力30. labor relations process 劳动关系进程31. ethics 道德32. healthy and safety 健康安全33. morale 士气34. motivation to learn 学习的动机35. opportunity to perform 实践的机会36. power distance 权力差距37. talent 才能，才干38. compromise 妥协39. depression 沮丧40. discipline 纪律41. expatriate 外派雇员42. personnel selection 人员甄选43. employee survey research 雇员调查与研究44. absence 缺席45. deficiency 缺乏46. competency model 能力模型47. competitive advantage 竞争优势48. cultural shock 文化冲击49. adverse impact 负面影响50. egalitarian 平等主义51. human capital 人力资本52. intellectual asset 知识资产53. internet 互联网54. psychological contract 心理契约55. rapport 和谐，亲善56. recognition 认可，承认57. reject 拒绝，反对58. redundancy 冗余59. flextime 灵活的时间60. specificity 明确性工资，薪酬相关1. minimum wage 最低工资2. pay-policy line 工资政策线3.efficiency wage theory 效率工资理论4.differential piece rate 差额计件工资5. flat hourly rate 小时工资率6. hourly work 计时工资制7. piecework 计件工资8. overpay 超额工资9. pay grade 工资等级10. pay structure 工资结构11. skill-based pay 技能工资12. remuneration 报酬13. compensation 报酬，补偿14. compensable factors 报酬要素15. pay claim 加薪要求16. pay-for-performance standard 按绩效的报酬标准17. wage and salary survey 薪资调查18. allowance 津贴，补贴19. benefits 福利20. bonus 奖金21. dividends 红利22. earnings 收入所得23. income 收入，收益24. insurance 保险25. pension 养老金，退休金26. spot bonus 即时奖金27. inflation 通货膨胀28. input 投入29. sick leave 病假30. vesting 既得利益31. merit guideline 绩效指南32. feedback 反馈33. cost structure 成本结构34. night shift 夜班35. priority 优先36. maintenance of membership 会员资格维持37. substantive reason 客观存在因素38. Material incentive 物质奖励39. Performance feedback 绩效反馈专有名词，首字母缩写1. equal employment opportunity (EEO) 公平就业机会2. functional job analysis(FJA) 职能工作分析3. human resources planning (HRP) 人力资源计划4. IT (information Technology) 信息技术5. management by objectives(MBO) 目标管理6. on-the-job training (OJT) 在职培训7. position analysis questionnaire (PAQ) 职位分析问卷调查8. return on investment (ROI) 投资回报9. total quality management (TQM) 全面质量管理英文拼写法-ation结尾1. cross-cultural preparation 跨文化准备2. mediation 调解3. reconciliation 和解4. discrimination 歧视5. predictive validation 预测效度6. reputation 声誉，名声7. repatriation 归国准备8. consultation 商量，请教9. termination 终止10. occupation 职业11. application 申请（表）12. remuneration 报酬13. compensation 报酬，补偿14. inflation 通货膨胀15. strategy implementation 战略执行16. job evaluation 工作评价17. job rotation 工作轮换18. job specification 工作规范19. centralization 集权化20. decentralization 分散化21. globalization 全球化22. industrialization 产业化23. training administration 培训管理24. orientation 入职培训25. learning organization 学习型组织26. nonprofit organization 非营利组织27. performance planning and evaluation(PPE) 绩效规划与评价系统-ment 结尾1. announcement 公告2. commitment 承诺，义务3. cultural environment 文化环境4. employee empowerment 员工授权petency assessment 能力评估6. needs assessment （培训）需要评价7. job enlargement 工作扩大化8. job enrichment 工作丰富化9. return on investment (ROI) 投资回报10. organization design and development 组织设计与发展11. senior management 高级管理层12. human resource management 人力资源管理13. strategic human resource management 战略性人力资源管理14. performance management 绩效管理15. total quality management (TQM) 全面质量管理16. career development 职业发展17. recruitment 招募18. reinstatement 复职19.disparate treatment 差别性对待-ing 形式1. downsizing 精简2. voicing 发言3. behavior modeling 行为模拟4. continuous learning 持续学习5. decision making 决策6. demand forecasting 需求预测7. outsourcing 外包8. profits sharing 利润分享9. reengineering 流程再造10. subcontracting 转包合同11. supply forecasting 供给预测12. team building 团队建设13. employee leasing 员工租借14.business planning 企业规划15. human resources planning (HRP) 人力资源计划16. succession planning 可持续发展计划17. delayering 扁平化18. diversity training 多元化培训19. on-the-job training (OJT) 在职培训20. coordination training 合作培训21. cross-training 交叉培训22. readiness for training 培训准备23. web-based training 网上培训24. career counseling 职业咨询25. outplacement counseling 重新谋职咨询26. vesting 既得利益-s 形式1. achievement tests 成就测试2. benchmarks 基准3. core competencies 核心竞争力4. direct costs 直接成本5. indirect costs 间接成本6. person characteristics 个人特征7. gain sharing plans 收益分享计划8. formal education programs 正规教育计划9. training outcomes 培训结果10. high-performance work systems 高绩效工作系统11. expert systems 专家系统12. goals and timetables 目标和时间表13. replacement charts 替换表14. skill inventories 技能量表15. staffing tables 人员配置表16. management by objectives(MBO) 目标管理17. management forecasts 管理预测18. career curves 职业曲线19. compensable factors 报酬要素其他20. benefits 福利 1. arbitrary 仲裁21. dividends 红利 2. Invest 投资22. earnings 收入所得 3. Role analysis technique 角色分析技术。

高考英语常考词根词缀汇总在高中阶段，利用单词形式拓展记忆的唯一方式就是：构词法构词法是指单词构成的规律，主要包括派生法、合成法和转化法三种。

派生法是指通过为一个单词加入前缀或后缀构成另外一个词。

合成法是指把两个或两个以上的词素放在一起，构成另一个词。

转换法是指在词形不变，即不加入词缀的情况下，一个单词转换为不同的词性。

今天，小编将向大家汇总分享高中英语常见的构词法应用，希望对你的英语学习有帮助！01派生法一：使用后缀通过为单词加入后缀构成另一个词，后缀一般只改变词性，不改变词义。

1形容词、动词变名词-ence，-ance结尾名词存在 exist-existence发生 occur-occurrence查阅/参考 refer-reference更喜欢/偏好 prefer-preference不同 differ-difference接受 accept-acceptance出现/外表 appear-appearance履行 perform-performance进入 enter-entrance保险 insure-insurance帮助 assist-assistance忍受 endure-endurance/tolerate-tolerance-tion，-sion结尾的名词生产 produce-production介绍 introduce-introduction消费 consume-consumption减少 reduce-reduction认为/假设assume-assumption/suppose-supposition 毁灭 destroy-destruction描写 describe-description打断 interrupt-interruption采纳/收养 adopt-adoption防止 prevent-prevention接收/接待处 receive-reception解决 solve-solution进化 evolve-evolution建议 suggest-suggestion编辑/版本 edit-edition展览 exhibit-exhibition打算/意图 intend-intention认出r ecognize-recognition解释/定义 define-definition保护 protect-protection方向/指导 direct-direction指令 instruct-instruction建设 construct-construction注射 inject-injection感染 infect-infection驳斥 reject-rejection反对 object-objection/oppose-opposition纠正 correct-correction视察 inspect-inspection挨饿 starve-starvation组织 organize-organization文明 civilize-civilization认知 realize-realization考试 examine-examination决定 determine-determination形成 form-formation通知 inform-information想象 imagine-imagination运输 transport-transportation邀请 invite-invitation期待 expect-expectation诱惑 tempt-temptation改编/适应 adapt-adaptation移民 immigrate-immigration模仿 imitate-imitation准备 prepare-preparation探索 explore-exploration考虑 consider-consideration宣布 declare-declaration装饰 decorate-decoration激发/灵感 inspire-inspiration放松/休闲 relax-relaxation交流 communicate-communication 占用/职业 occupy-occupation满足 satisfy-satisfaction申请、应用 apply-application暗示 imply-implication推荐 recommend-recommendation 口译、理解 interpret-interpretation 结合 combine-combination操作、手术 operate-operation犹豫 hesitate-hesitation指出 indicate-indication参加 participate-participation计算 calculate-calculation欣赏、感激 appreciate-appreciation联想、协会 associate-association分离 separate-separation冬眠 hibernate-hibernation赔偿 compensate-compensation调查 investigate-investigation庆祝 celebrate-celebration祝贺 congratulate-congratulation翻译 translate-translation积累 accumulate-accumulation加速 accelerate-acceleration捐赠 donate-donation解放 liberate-liberation动力 motivate-motivation革新 innovate-innovation集中 concentrate-concentration游行、示威 demonstrate-demonstration贡献 contribute-contribution分发 distribute-distribution促进 promote-promotion致力 devote-devotion/dedicate-dedication 沮丧 frustrate-frustration/depress-depression 印象 impress-impression表达 express-expression拥有、财产 possess-possession讨论 discuss-discussion扩大 expand-expansion延伸 extend-extension承认 admit-admission允许 permit-permission排放 emit-emission爆炸 explode-explosion划分 divide-division迷惑 confuse-confusion–ment结尾的名词广告 advertise-advertisement同意 agree-agreement惊奇 amaze-amazement吃惊 astonish-astonishment通告 announce-announcement安排 arrange-arrangement评估 assess-assessment发展 develop-development失望 disappoint-disappointment雇佣、就业 employ-employment鼓舞 encourage-encouragement款待、娱乐 entertain-entertainment 装备 equip-equipment统治、政府 govern-government改进 improve-improvement投资 invest-investment卷入 involve-involvement管理 manage-management惩罚 punish-punishment要求 require-requirement退休 retire-retirement定居 settle-settlement陈述 state-statement对待、招待、治疗 treat-treatment 以…….为基础 base-basement人行道 pave-pavement完成 achieve-achievement；accomplish-accomplishment形容词变名词：意识 aware-awareness/conscious-consciousness 苦 bitter-bitterness盲目 blind-blindness冷静 calm-calmness聪明 clever-cleverness疯狂 crazy-craziness渴望 eager-eagerness公平 fair-fairness愚蠢 foolish-foolishness适合 fit-fitness幸福、愉快 happy-happiness疾病 ill-illness友好 kind-kindness懒惰 lazy-laziness孤独 lonely-loneliness宁静 quiet-quietness悲伤 sad-sadness严重性 serious-seriousness甜美 sweet-sweetness稳定 steady-steadiness厚度 thick-thickness累 tired-tiredness弱点 weak-weakness冷 cold-coldness紧张 nervous-nervousness思乡 homesick-homesickness粗心 careless-carelessness自私 selfish-selfishness无私 selfless-selflessness/unselfish-unselfishness 无助 helpless-helplessness无望 hopeless-hopelessness婚姻 marry-marriage短缺 short-shortage储存 store-storage包裹 pack-package车厢 carry-carriage通道 pass-passage–th结尾的名词温暖 warm-warmth真理 true-truth死亡 dead-death成长 grow-growth–ure结尾的名词快乐 please-pleasure离开 depart-departure暴露 expose-exposure压力 press-pressure失败 fail-failure混合 mix-mixture签名 sign-signature–ce结尾的名词形容词转变为名词：缺席 absent-absence出席 present-presence信心 confident-confidence勤奋 diligent-diligence远的、距离 distant-distance明显的、证据 evident-evidence 优秀 excellent-excellence重要 important-importance独立 independent-independence 天真 innocent-innocence智力 intelligent-intelligence公正 just-justice耐心 patient-patience浪漫 romantic-romance沉默 silent-silence暴力 violent-violence动词转化为名词：冒犯 offend-offence防御 defend-defense/defence 建议 advise-advice设施 devise-device–dom结尾的名词自由 free-freedom王国 king-kingdom智慧 wise-wisdom–hood结尾的名词孩童时代 childhood男孩时代 boyhood邻里 neighborhood–ship结尾的名词所有权 ownership锦标赛 championship 友谊 friendship手艺 craftsmanship 奖学金 scholarship 领导力 leadership艰难 hardship关系 relationship–ing结尾的名词农业 farming变暖 warming园艺 gardening学业 schooling绘画 painting意思 meaning绘画 drawing训练 training录音 tape-recording 衣物 clothing感觉 feeling十字路口 crossing工资 earnings问候 greeting储蓄 savings发生的事 happenings 发现 findings财产 belongings痛苦 sufferings贡品 offerings环境 surroundings射击 shooting摔跤 wrestling2名词、动词变形容词–y结尾的形容词名词变形容词：阳光灿烂的 sun-sunny多雨的 rain-rainy被雪覆盖的 snow-snowy有风的 wind-windy有暴风雪的 storm-stormy寒冷的 chill-chilly多雾的 fog-foggy有霜的 frost-frosty冰冷的 ice-icy阴沉的 gloom-gloomy布满星辰的 star-starry泥泞的 mud-muddy布满灰尘的 dust-dusty脏的 dirt-dirty健康的 health-healthy富有的 wealth-wealthy霸道的 boss-bossy臭的 smell-smelly美味的 taste-tasty咸的 salt-salty皮包骨的 skin-skinny贪婪的 greed-greedy迅速的 speed-speedy棘手的、狡猾的 trick-tricky爱挑剔的 choose-choosy/pick-picky 黏的 stick-sticky悦耳易记的 catch-catchy害怕的 scare-scary滑溜的 slip-slippery-al，-ial结尾的形容词全球的 globe-global文化的 culture-cultural农业的 agriculture-agricultural情景的 situation-situational有条件的 condition-conditional环境的 environment-environmental 化学的 chemistry-chemical医学的 medicine-medical原始的 origin-original政治的 politics-political实际的 practice-practical理论的 theory-theoretical音乐的 music-musical感情的 emotion-emotional国家的 nation-national自然的 nature-natural个人的 person-personal偶尔的 occasion-occasional精神上的 mind-mental身体上的 physics-physical偶然的 accident-accidental教育的 education-educational技术上的 technique-technical心理上的 psychology-psychological 沿海的 coast-coastal种族的 race-racial面部的 face-facial工业的 industry-industrial金融的 finance-financial商业的 commerce-commercial官方的 office-official有益的 benefit-beneficial典型的 type-typical有影响的 influence-influential-ful，-less结尾的形容词感激的 thank-thankful=grateful充足的 plenty-plentiful美丽的 beauty-beautiful成功的 success-successful可怕的 awe-awful忠实的 faith-faithful和平的 peace-peaceful高兴的 joy-joyful/cheer-cheerful=enjoyable 非常干净的 spot-spotless无休止的 end-endless无家可归的 home-homeless无工作的 job-jobless=unemployed身无分文的 penny-penniless无私的 self-selfless=unselfish无目标的 aim-aimless无线的 wire-wireless无限的 limit-limitless珍贵的/无价的 price-priceless=invaluable毫无价值的 value-valueless/worth-worthless 无语的 speech-speechless上气不接下气的 breath-breathless小心的，粗心的 care-careful，careless多彩的，无色的 color-colorful，colorless有用的，无用的 use-useful，useless成果丰硕的，无成效的 fruit-fruitful，fruitless 强大的，无能力的 power-powerful，powerless有意义的，无意义的 meaning-meaningful meaningless=pointless=senseless痛苦的，不痛的 pain-painful，painless后悔的，无悔的 regret-regretful，regretless有害的，无害的 harm-harmful，harmless闲适宁静的，躁动不安的 rest-restful，restless优雅的，粗鲁的 grace-graceful，graceless抱有希望的，无望的 hope-hopeful，hopeless有帮助的/愿意帮忙的，无助的 help-helpful，helpless 考虑周到的/不周到的 thought-thoughtful，thoughtless-(i)ous结尾的形容词名词变形容词：许多的 number-numerous多山的 mountain-mountainous冒险的 adventure-adventurous紧张的 nerve-nervous有毒的 poison-poisonous危险的 danger-dangerous灾难的 disaster-disastrous小心的 caution-cautious营养的 nutrition-nutritious宗教的 religion-religious宽敞的 space-spacious有抱负的 ambition-ambitious神秘的 mystery-mysterious-able，-(s)ible结尾的形容词(不)可预见的 predict-(un)predictable(不)可避免的 avoid-(un)avoidable(不)可忘的 forget-(un)forgettable(不)想要的 desire-(un)desirable(不)舒服的 comfort-(un)comfortable 有(不)利的 favor-(un)favorable (不)合适的 suit-(un)suitable(不)可忍受的 bear-(un)bearable (不)可忍受的 endure-(un)endurable (不)可信的 believe-(un)believable (不)可信的 credit-(in)credible (不)可接近的 access-(in)accessible 看(不)见的 view-(in)visible(不)可治愈的 cure-(in)curable支付得起的 afford-affordable适应力强的 adapt-adaptable可更新的 renew-renewable便携的 port-portable多变的 change-changeable可吃的 eat-eatable可依靠的 rely-reliable可行的 work-workable有价值的 value-valuable合理的 reason-reasonable高兴的 enjoy-enjoyable流行的 fashion-fashionable-tive结尾的形容词动词变形容词：多产的 produce-productive迷人的 attract-attractive有创造力的 create-creative保护的 protect-protective预防性的 prevent-preventive健谈的 talk—talkative可共替代的 alter-alternative相关的 relate-relative有教育意义的 instruct-instructive有竞争力的 compete-competitive 名词变形容词：有效的 effect-effective贵的 expense-expensive-tic，-fic结尾的形容词系统的 system-systematic科学的 science-scientific戏剧般的 drama-dramatic浪漫的 romance-romantic有同情心的 sympathy-sympathetic 精力充沛的 energy-energetic-en结尾的形容词羊毛的 wool-woolen金色的 gold-golden木制的 wood-wooden以-some结尾的形容词英俊的 hand—handsome令人惊叹的 awe-awesome令人烦恼的 trouble-troublesome 烦人的 tire-tiresome-ly结尾的形容词致命的 dead-deadly活跃的 live-lively友好的 friend-friendly兄弟般的 brother-brotherly有次序的 order-orderly昂贵的 cost-costly每月的 month-monthly每天的 day-daily3形容词、名词变动词-fy结尾的动词净化 pure-purify简化 simple-simplify美化 beautiful-beautify使合理化 just-justify使恐惧 terrible-terrify使震惊 horrible-horrify合格化 quality-qualify分类 class—classify认出 identity-identify认识到 real-realize使现代化 modern-modernize使工业化 industrial-industrialize使普及 popular-popularize集权 central-centralize使全球化 global-globalize使理想化 ideal-idealize使稳定 stable-stabilize使正常化 normal-normalize社会化 social-socialize使专门化 special-specialize使物质化 material-materialize总结 summary-summarize记忆 memory-memorize-en结尾的动词变暗 dark-darken加快 quick-quicken削尖 sharp-sharpen削弱 weak-weaken松开 loose-loosen变紧 tight-tighten软化 soft-soften使更明亮 bright-brighten恶化 bad-worsen减少 little-lessen减轻/变亮 light-lighten变黑 black-blacken加宽 broad-broaden缩短 short-shorten加深 deep-depth-deepen加长 long-length-lengthen加宽 wide-width-widen加高 high-height-heighten加强 strong-strength-strengthen-e结尾的动词(注意发音变化)n.-v.洗澡 bath-bathe呼吸 breath-breathe给……穿衣 cloth-clothe02派生法二：使用前缀通过为单词加入前缀构成另一个词，前缀一般不改变词性，只改变词义。

云南大学旅游文化学院本科生学年论文题目：On Characteristics and Application ofEnglish Euphemism专业班级： 07级英语专业（3）班作者姓名： xxxxx作者学号： 20071200420指导教师： xxxxx、撰文时间： 2010年8月20日On Characteristics and Application of English EuphemismContentsAbstract (ⅰ)摘要 (ⅱ)Introduction (1)1 The Origin and Definition of Euphemism (2)2 The Characteristics of English Euphemism (3)2.1 Universality (3)2.2 Having Division of the Sentimental Color (3)2.3 Having Life (4)2.4 Sociality (4)2.5 Re-symbolism (4)2.6 Arbitrariness (5)2.7 Accuracy (5)2.8 Conventionality (5)3 The Application of English Euphemism in Daily Life (6)3.1 In Occupation Application (6)3.1.1 To Raise the Professional Status (6)3.1.2 To Beautify Coarse, Grating Occupation (7)3.1.3 To Use the Analogy (7)3.2 In Education Application (8)3.3 In Politics and War Application (8)3.4 In Disease Application (9)3.5 In Age and Weight Application (10)3.6 In Sex Application (11)3.7 In Birth Application (11)Conclusion (13)Bibliography (14)On Characteristics and Application of English Euphemism[Abstract]：In every society there are certain things that are supposed to be unspeakable. A fair number of words make someone embarrassed、unhappy、dislike or fear when used in communication. If we express the meaning in the direct way, we will make such impression which is vulgar, frivolous, and impolite. In order to avoid the embarrassment or ease the sting of harsh words, man has created euphemisms. In western cultures, many of the fields that people tend to euphemize widely are not different from anywhere in the world. This paper introduces the origin and definition of euphemism, the characteristics of English euphemism and the application of English euphemism and the causes of using euphemism, with much weight attached to the latter three.[Key Words]：English euphemism taboo context characteristics applicationiOn Characteristics and Application of English Euphemism[摘要]：在任何一个社会中，总有些不能直截了当说出来的话。