2018版高考英语二轮教师用书：第1部分 专题3 技法1 利用上下文暗示解题 含解析

技法2| 依据文中和选项中的“词汇”线索1．连接性词语连接性的词语可表明段落间、句际间的语义逻辑关系。

例如：(1)承接关系：so，therefore，thus，consequently等；(2)并列关系：first，second；firstly，secondly；first，next，then；in the first place，in the second place；for one thing，for another等；(3)转折关系：however，though，yet，in spite of，in any case，whoever，whatever，on the contrary，otherwise等；(4)对比关系：in contrast，in comparison，on the other hand等；(5)层递关系：also，furthermore，similarly，in addition，what's more等。

[考题回放](2016·北京高考)Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward，the risk seems worth taking. 71 Some of us enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why? Experts say it may have to do with how our brains work.F．However，we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.[思路分析]空格前说“因为当我们权衡风险和回报时，风险好像是值得的”，由weigh the risk and the reward可锁定F项中的weigh risks and rewards，F项意为“然而，我们并不是都用同样的参考标准来衡量风险和回报”，符合上下文语境，为转折关系。

模式3| 推理判断题[例1](2017·浙江6月卷·B)“More children are going to bed with TVs on，and there are more opportunities(机会) to stay awake，with more homework，the Internet and the phone，”says Dr.Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers' bodies develop adult characteristics，but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.27. Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A．They are affected by certain body chemicals.B．They tend to do things that excite them.C．They follow their parents' examples.D．They don't need to go to school early.27．B[考查推理判断。

技法3| 利用词语习惯搭配解题(对应学生用书第37页)完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。

熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。

[典例1] (2017·江苏高考卷)This meant，of course，that he arrived at school early in the morning，dragging his heavy instrument case across the campus to the pitying looks of the non­musicians he had left ________．A．over B．aside C．behind D．outC[这当然意味着他早晨要早点到学校学习，拖着沉重的乐器箱子，接受他已经不再有的同情学音乐的学生的那种目光。

][点拨]leave ...behind表示“把……抛在后面”，是固定搭配。

[典例2] (2016·江苏高考卷)And that's when it ________ me.I wasn't doing anything on purpose to make myself better.And at that moment，I made the decision：I will develop and follow a personal growth plan for my life.A．confused B．informed C．pleased D．hitD[库尔特的话使“我”突然醒悟。

hit使突然想起。

][点拨]when it hit me 表示“我突然想起这件事”，是固定搭配。

[典例3](2014·江苏高考卷)He withdrew from many school activities because he didn't have the time or the clothes.He had only one good suit.He tried________ the football team，but the coach turned him down for being too light.A．on B．for C．in D．withB[戴尔参加学校足球队的选拔遭到拒绝，原因是他体重不够。

类型3| 科普知识[经典案例分析](2017·全国卷Ⅱ·C)Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight，bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats，four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition，which flew at 1，400 feet for eight minutes last month，can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23­gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground，it gets 35 miles per gallon.Around 100 people have already put down a$10，000 deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale，and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But don't expect it to show up in too many driveways.It's expected to cost $279，000.And it won't help if you're stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s，according to Robert Mann，an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration's decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft，which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition，a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.【语篇解读】本文是一篇科普说明文。

专题三阅读理解(对应学生用书第42页)模式1| 细节理解题(对应学生用书第42页)(2017·江苏高考卷，A)56．What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text?A．A biography.B．A travel guide.C．A history book. D．A science fiction.57．How does the writer recommend CHRONOL­OGICA to readers?A．By giving details of its collection.B．By introducing some of its contents.C．By telling stories at the beginning.D．By comparing it with other books.56.C[考查细节理解。

首先根据题干中的“CHRONOLOGICA”定位到第二段，从第二段的第一句“CHRONOLOGICA is a fascinating journey through time，from the foundation of Rome to the creation of the Internet.”可知，它与历史有关，再根据文中的“CHRONOLOGICA is an informative ...this book also gives an account”可知，它是一本书。

]57．B[考查细节理解。

根据文中的“Roman Emperor”“Spencer Perceval”“ThomasEdison and Alexander the Great”等可知，文章通过介绍一些具体的内容来向读者推荐这本书。

]A【导学号：25874026】(2017·镇江高三一模)Raise.meRaise.me is a neutral platform that allows sponsors and colleges to award Micro­Scholarships to students based on Colleges' and/or Sponsors' award criteria.By using the services，you should understand the following：Connecting with Users：·Educators may only connect with students from the schools or organizations that they serve，and may connect with an individual student only with that student's cators may also connect with colleges and sponsors via the services.·Students may only connect with educators from their own schools and organizations，and may connect with an individual educator only with that educator's permission.·Students may elect to follow sponsors via the services.Sponsors may only view the profiles(简介)of students who elect to follow them.Qualifying for Micro-Scholarships：·Students can earn Micro-Scholarships based on the courses and achievements they add to their profiles while they are in high school.·Students may only be awarded Micro­Scholarships from colleges and sponsors that they follow before the applicable College's and/or Sponsor's “Fo llow Deadline” for their class year，which is a date set by each college and sponsor and stated on such college's or sponsor's page on the services.Once a College's or Sponsor's Follow Deadline has passed，students who are seniors in high school may not continue to earn Micro-Scholarships from such college or sponsor.【语篇解读】本文是说明文。

模式3| 设空在段末[考题回放](2017·浙江6月卷)●When your boss or professor sends you out to do man­on­the­streetinterviews for a story，think about the topic and develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it.For example，if your topic is about environmental problems in America，you might ask，“Why do you think environmental protection is important in America？”32G．With a question like this，you will get more than a “Yes”or“No”reply.[思路分析]根据前面的develop a list of about ten general questions relating to it和you might ask...可知，G项“问这样的问题，你将会得到的不再仅仅是‘是’或‘否’的回答”是对前文内容的概括，符合语境。

2．段落过渡语句[考题回放](2016·浙江10月卷)Everyone wants to succeed in their life，don't they？Even as a teenager，you can achieve success in your life；it really isn't that hard. 31●Do well in school.No matter how boring it is now，education will helpyou be a productive member in society.Try your best for excellence in school；listen to the teachers，do your homework，study，and get good grades.Doing so will help you get into a better university，which will enable you to have a bright future.32.School sets you up on the right track!F．Here are some important points that you may find helpful.[思路分析]根据前面的内容可知，作为青少年你也能获得成功，它真的不难。

专题三完形填空【考情展示·考向预测】(对应学生用书第54页)技法1| 利用上下文暗示解题在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。

学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预判答案不断进行修正。

[例1](2017·浙江6月卷)Alia Baker is a librarian in Iraq.Her library used to be a 36 place for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge.They 37 various matters all over the world.When the war was near，Alia was 38 that the fires of war would destroy the books，which are more 39 to her than mountains of gold.36.A.meeting B.workingC.personalD.religious37.A.raised B.handledC.reportedD.discussed38.A.worried B.angryC.doubtfulD.curious39.A.practical B.preciousC.reliableD.expensive解析：根据后面的for all who loved books and liked to share knowledge可知，她的图书馆是那些喜爱读书且喜欢分享知识的人集会(meeting)的地方；人们在图书馆相聚，讨论(discussed)世界上发生的各种事情；根据前面的When the war was near 可知，艾丽娅担心(worried)战火会把这些书毁掉；根据后面的to her than mountains of gold可知，艾丽娅认为这些书比金山更要珍贵(precious)。

类型7| 社会生活(对应学生用书第78页)(2015·江苏高考卷)Freedom and ResponsibilityFreedom's challenge in the Digital Age is a serious topic.We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.Some 2，500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations，splendid empires，but no freedom anywhere.Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies，one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses.In Greece，in Athens(雅典)，a little city in a little country，there were no helpless masses.And Athenians willingly obeyed the written laws which they themselves passed，and the unwritten，which must be obeyed if free men live together.They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful unless one chose to live alone in the desert.The Athenians never thought that a man was free if he could do what he wanted.A man was free if he wasself-controlled.To make yourself obey what you approved was freedom.They were saved from looking at their lives as their own private affair.Each one felt responsible for the welfare of Athens，not because it was forced on him from the outside，but because the city was his pride and his safety.The essential belief of the first free government in the world was liberty for all men who could control themselves andwould take responsibility for the state.But discovering freedom is not like discovering computers.It cannot be discovered once for all.If people do not prize it，and work for it，it will go.Constant watch is its price.Athens changed.It was a change that took place without being noticed though it was of the extreme importance，a spiritual change which affected the whole state.It had been the Athenian's pride and joy to give to their city.That they could get material benefits from her never entered their minds.There had to be a complete change of attitude before they could look at the city as an employer who paid her citizens for doing her work.Now instead of men giving to the state，the state was to give to them.What the people wanted was a government which would provide a comfortable life for them; and with this as the primary object，ideas of freedom and self­reliance and responsibility were neglected to the point of disappearing.Athens was more and more looked on as a cooperative business possessed of great wealth in which all citizens had a right to share.Athens reached the point when the freedom she really wanted was freedom from responsibility.There_could_be_only_one_result．If men insisted on being free from the burden of self-dependence and responsibility for the common good，they would cease to be free.Responsibility is the price every man must pay for freedom.It is to be had on no other terms.Athens，the Athens of Ancient Greece，refused responsibility; she reached the end of freedom and was never to have it again.But，“the excellent becomes the permanent，”Aristotle said.Athens lost freedom forever，but freedom was not lost forever for the world.A great American，James Madison，referred to：“The capacity(能力)of mankind for self-government.” No doubt he had not an idea that he was speaking Greek.Athens was not in the farthest background of his mind，but once man has a great and good idea，it is never completely lost.The Digital Age cannot destroy it.Somehow in this or that man's thought such an idea lives though unconsidered by the world of action.One can never be sure that it is not on the point of breaking out into action only sure that it will do so sometime.65．What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Countries where their people need help.B．Powerful states with higher civilization.C．Splendid empires where people enjoy freedom.D．Governments ruled with absolute power.66．People believing in freedom are those who________．A．regard their life as their own businessB．seek gains as their primary objectC．behave within the laws and value systemsD．treat others with kindness and pity67．What change in attitude took place in Athens?A．The Athenians refused to take their responsibility.B．The Athenians no longer took pride in the city.C．The Athenians benefited spiritually from the government.D．The Athenians looked on the government as a business.68．What does the sentence “There could be only one result.” in Paragraph 5 mean?A．Athens would continue to be free.B．Athens would cease to have freedom.C．Freedom would come from responsibility.D．Freedom would stop Athens from self­dependence.69．Why does the author refer to Aristotle and Madison?A．The author is hopeful about freedom.B．The author is cautious about self­government.C．The author is skeptical of Greek civilization.D．The author is proud of man's capacity.70．What is the author's understanding of freedom?A．Freedom can be more popular in the digital age.B．Freedom may come to an end in the digital age.C．Freedom should have priority over responsibility.D．Freedom needs to be guaranteed by responsibility.【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了自由和责任的关系。

模式2| 主旨大意题(对应学生用书第45页)[典例1](2016·江苏高考卷，B)Chimps(黑猩猩)will cooperate in certain ways ，like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings ，they have little instinct(本能)to help one another.Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children ，who are able from a young age to gathertheir own food.In the laboratory，chimps don't naturally share food either.If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or，with no greater effort，a plate that also provides food for a neighbor in the next cage，he will pull at random—he just doesn't care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.Chimps are truly selfish.Human children，on the other hand，are naturally cooperative.From the earliest ages，they desire to help others，to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this cooperativeness in a series of experiments with very young children.He finds that if babies aged 18 months see an unrelated adult with hands full trying to open a door，almost all will immediately try to help.There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help，inform and share are not taught，but naturally possessed in young children.One is that these instincts appear at a very young age before most parents have started to train their children to behave socially.Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded.A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive(认知的)skills，at least when compared with chimps.In tests conducted by Tomasello，the human children did no better than the chimps on the physical world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.The core of what children's minds have and chimps' don't is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.Part of this ability is that they can infer what others know or are thinking.But beyond that，even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.They actively seek to be part of a “we”，a group that intends to work toward a shared goal.60．The passage is mainly about________．A．the helping behaviors of young childrenB．ways to train children's shared intentionalityC．cooperation as a distinctive human natureD．the development of intelligence in children60.C[考查主旨大意。

技法2| 利用语义逻辑关系解题[解题技法分述]文章的段与段、句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系，如：并列关系、转折关系、递进关系、因果关系、目的关系、解释关系。

完形填空经常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关系的把握。

因此，理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。

[经典案例分析][例1](2017·浙江高考)...The books are in every language—new books，ancient books，40 a book on the history of Iraq that is seven hundred years old.She had asked the government for 41 to move the books to a 42 place，but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own hands.40．A.then B．still C．even D．rather41．A.permission B．confirmation C．explanation D．information 42．rge B．public C．distant D．safe解析：40空所在的句子在语义上表示递进，“有新书、古书，甚至还有700年前有关伊拉克历史的书籍”，故40空选C；42空后有but，应是转折关系，根据“但是他们拒绝了”，可知，她请求过政府的允许，故41空选A。

[例2](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)...They told her to stay 52 until the emergency personnel arrived，53 she thought the car was going to 54 ．Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move 55 she injured her neck.52.A.quiet B．still C．away D．calm53．A.for B．so C．and D．but54．A.explode B．slip away C．fall apart D．crash55．A.as if B．unless C．in case D．after解析：53题前说他们让那位女士不要动，而53题后说那位女士担心汽车出状况，前后两部分之间是转折关系，应用but，故选D。

专题一 阅读理解【考情展示·考向预测】模式1| 细节理解题[例1](2017·浙江6月卷·B)Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up st year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7­to 12­year­olds said they felt tired during the day，and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest: most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours.For most school-age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的)．But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10-to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.25．What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A．American kids' sleeping habits.B．Teenagers' sleep­related diseases.C．Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D．Learning problems and lack of sleep.26．How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A．7 hours.B．8 hours.C．10 hours. D．18 hours.25．A[考查细节理解。

技法3| 利用词语习惯搭配解题[解题技法分述]完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。

熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。

[经典案例分析][例1](2017·北京高考)There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah's Place”，something that Hannah is very 49of.Hannah's Place is divided into several areas，providing shelter for people when it is so cold that 50 outdoors can mean death.In the more than five years since Hannah began her activities，she has received a lot of 51 ．For example，she received the 2007 BRICK Award recognizing the 52 of young people to change the world.But 53 all this，Hannah still has the 54 life of a Winnipeg schoolgirl，except that she pays regular visits to homeless people.Hannah is one of many examples of young people who are making a 55 in the world.You can，too！49.A.aware B．afraid C．proud D．sure50．A.going B．sleeping C．travelling D．playing51．A.praises B．invitations C．replies D．appointments52．A.needs B．interests C．dreams D．efforts53．A.for B．through C．besides D．along54．A.healthy B．public C．normal D．tough55．A.choice B．profit C．judgement D．difference解析：根据下文的描述，Hannah's Place分布在好几个区，为流浪者提供了栖身之处，这是她感到自豪的事情，be proud of为……感到自豪，故49空选C；通过文中的描述可知，Hannah是一个通过自己的努力改变世界的年轻人，make a difference使有影响，使不同，故55空选D。

类型5| 生态环保(对应学生用书第70页)(2017·江苏高考卷)Old Problem，New ApproachesWhile clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life，global warming will continue for some decades after CO2 emissions(排放)peak.So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today，we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.When it comes to adaptation，it is important to understand that climate change is a process.We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard，but to a constantly shifting set of conditions.This is why，in part at least，the US National Climate Assessment says that：“There is no ‘one-size_fits_all’adaptation．”Nevertheless，there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.Around the world，people are adapting in surprising ways，especially in some poor countries.Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries，schools，and health clinics，and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities.Rezwan is creating floating connectivity(连接)to replace flooded roads and highways.But he is also working at a far more fundamental level：his staff show people how to make floating gardens and fish ponds to preventstarvation during the wet season.Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken.Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India，where he is known as the Ice Man.The loss of glaciers(冰川)there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture.Without the glaciers，water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops.Norphel's inspiration came from seeing the waste of water over winter，when it was not needed.He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze，and was stored until the spring.His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉)water.Having created nine such ice reserves，Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200，000m3 of water.Climate change is a continuing process，so Norphel's ice reserves will not last forever.Warming will overtake them.But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will，perhaps，be able to find other means of adapting.Increasing Earth's reflectiveness can cool the planet.In southern Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses(which reflect light back to space)has changed the warming trend locally，and actually cooled the region.While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly，temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased.This example should act as an inspiration for all cities.By painting buildings white，cities may slow down the warming process.In Peru，local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice.The outcome is still far from clear.But the World Bank has included the project on its list of “100 ideas to save the planet”．More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere.A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria.Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping.But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops.Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce，or by growing the same things differently.This is common sense.But some suggestions for adapting are not.When the polluting industries argue that we've lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt，it's a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways.But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.After all，if we adapt in that way，we may avoid the need to change in so many others.1．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies________．A．adaptation is an ever­changing processB．the cost of adaptation varies with timeC．global warming affects adaptation formsD．adaptation to climate change is challenging2．What is special with regard to Rezwan's project?A．The project receives government support.B．Different organizations work with each other.C．His organization makes the best of a bad situation.D．The project connects flooded roads and highways.3．What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?A．Storing ice for future use.B．Protecting the glaciers from melting.C．Changing the irrigation time.D．Postponing the melting of the glaciers.4．What do we learn from the Peru example?A．White paint is usually safe for buildings.B．The global warming trend cannot be stopped.C．This country is heating up too quickly.D．Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.5．According to the author，polluting industries should________．A．adapt to carbon pollutionB．plant highly profitable cropsC．leave carbon emission aloneD．fight against carbon pollution6．What's the author's preferred solution to global warming?A．Setting up a new standard.B．Reducing carbon emission.C．Adapting to climate change.D．Monitoring polluting industries.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

(对应学生用书第55页) 类型1| 广告宣传(对应学生用书第55页)A．they are given by best TDSB teachersB．they are not on the day school timetableC．they are not included on students' reportsD．they are an addition to TDSB courses57．What do students need to do before completing e-Learning courses?A．To learn information technology on­line.B．To do their assignments independently.C．To update their mobile devices regularly.D．To talk face to face with their teachers.【语篇解读】本文是一则广告。

多伦多公立教育局(TDSB)邀请中学生选修一两门在线课程。

文章介绍了在线课程的基本情况、优势及选课要求。

长难句解读：Students need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course.分析：这是一个复合句。

as...as they would是比较状语从句。

翻译：学生们需要花在在线课程上的时间至少应该和面对面的课堂上的一样多。

56．D[考查细节理解。

题干问的是在线课程与其他课程的区别，首先定位到These on-line courses条目下。

由are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers 可知，A项中的best不对，可排除；由are part of the TDSB student's timetable 及首段中的on their day school timetable可排除B项；由appear on the student's report可排除C项。

技法3|依据全文或段落的“主题”线索文章通常会围绕一个中心主题展开论述说明，这个主题一般位于文章的首段或末段，仔细阅读文章的首段和末段，就能快速抓住文章的主题，明白本文将探讨哪方面的内容，有利于我们归纳概括文章的标题或主题。

1．概括“论据”和“结论”，得出“论点”(2016·浙江10月卷)●34Remember，they're there to help you be the best that you can be.Respect themand value their opinions，even if they annoy you sometimes.35.Keep in mind that they do the things they do because they care about you.You don't get to choose your teachers or your family，but you still have to put up with them.Learn how to deal with people now，because when you're an adult，you don't get to choose your boss or your co­workers，so learn how to respect them now.C．Be nice to your parents and teachers.[思路分析]此处为段落主题句。

根据后面的Respect them and value their opinions和You don't get to choose your teachers or your family可概括出，本段的主要论点是“要对你的父母和老师好”。

2．根据“论据”推导出“论点”[考题回放](2015·全国卷Ⅰ)38Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well­being.A．Learn to really trust yourself.[思路分析]空格位于句首，根据文章结构分析应是“论点”，根据空格后的句子“相信自己会……”可判定选A项(学会真正相信你自己)。

专题二完形填空(对应学生用书第36页)法1| 利用上下文暗示解题(对应学生用书第36页)每一篇完整的文章都有其内在的紧密联系，而上下文则是营造语言环境的基础，也是进行逻辑推理的可靠依据。

在多数空白前后的上下文中，会出现或多或少的设空依据，就是所谓的“伏笔”或“暗示”。

学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或暗示，或顺势对下文进行推测，或逆向对上文进行推导，心中往往能预判出答案，并且在阅读过程中对预判答案不断进行修正。

1. 运用“前置信息”[典例1](2016·江苏高考卷) And I went into a speech about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.I must have talked for ten minutes.Kurt ________ patiently，but then he finally smiled and said，“You don't have a personal plan for growth，do you？”A．calculated B．listened C．drank D．explainedB[我开始讲述自己工作的辛苦和取得的成果。

我想必是讲了十分钟的样子。

库尔特耐心地听着，但最后他笑了笑说到……。

][点拨]根据上一句“I must have talked for ten minutes.”可知，库尔特在耐心地倾听。

2. 运用“后置信息”[典例2](2017·江苏高考卷)In his first years of high school，Gabriel would lookpityingly at the music students，struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases，turning up at school for practice hours ________ anyone else had to be there.He swore to himself to avoid music，as he hated getting to school extra early. A．before B．after C．until D．sinceA[在他上高中的第一年，加布里埃尔总是同情地看着学音乐的学生，拖着沉重的乐器盒子，艰难地在校园里走，在别人还都没到的时候，来到学校，练习几个小时。

技法3| 利用词语习惯搭配解题完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的习惯搭配，主要考查动词与名词、代词之间，动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。

熟悉并掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。

[例1](2017·浙江6月卷)She had asked the government for 41 to move the books to a 42 place，but they refused.So Alia took matters into her own hands.41.A.permission B.confirmationC.explanationrmationrge B.publicC.distantD.safe解析：根据后面的but they refused可知，她想转移图书需要获得政府的许可(permission)。

ask for permission请求许可，故41题选A。

[例2](2017·浙江6月卷) 43 ，she brought books home every night，44 her car late after work.Her friends came to 45 her when the war broke out.Anis who owned a restaurant 46 to hide some books.43.A.Fortunately B.SurprisinglyC.SeriouslyD.Secretly44.A.starting B.parkingC.fillingD.testing45.A.stop B.helpC.warnD.rescue46.A.intended B.pretendedC.happenedD.agreed解析：她的朋友阿妮斯同意(agreed)把图书藏在她的饭店里，agree to do sth.同意做某事，故46题选D。

类型2| 故事轶闻(对应学生用书第58页)(2017·浙江高考卷，A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camel's hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve．That year，one of Benjamin's cousins，Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景)painting.William Williams，a well­known painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said，“Those two books were mycompanions by day，and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine­year­old boy decided then that he would be an artist.21．What is the text mainly about?A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.22．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?A．The cat would be closely watched.B．The cat would get some medical care.C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.23．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.B．He provided him with painting materials.C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D．He taught him how to make engravings.24．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to________．A．master the use of paintsB．appreciate landscape paintingsC．get to know other paintersD．make up his mind to be a painter【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国绘画之父本杰明·韦斯特小时候的艺术启蒙的故事。

模式3| 设空在段末[考题回放](2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.If you're tired out by Friday night，sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderful.But compensating on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following week，a recent study found. 39F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake­up time，no matter the day.[思路分析]由本段首句可知本段主题是“在周末要坚持(执行)你的睡觉和起床时间表”，与此主题符合的只有F项“坚持你设定的就寝和起床时间，不管是哪天”。

本设空类型属于段落总结类。

2．段落过渡语句[考题回放](2017·全国卷Ⅰ)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping，I would have laughed heartily.Campers，in my eyes，were people who enjoyed insect bites，ill­cooked meals，and uncomfortable sleeping bags.They had nothing in common with me.36The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.37.The trip they took me on was a rough one.We slept in a tent，cooked over an open fire，and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom.This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work，recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my son's food poisoning.D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then，however.[思路分析]空格前一句说“他们与我没有共同之处”，空格后一段讲述了作者的一次野营，前后之间存在转折关系，所以此处需要填一个承上启下的转折句，这与D项中的however 相呼应。