argument高频前50提纲+中文分析

作文词汇1，woven-weave 编制的提纲：1，没有证据显示河流的流量等没有变化，河流可能因为很多原因干涸，不需要船，可以直接走过去（exposed riverbed）。

2，没有交代两个村庄的绝对地理位置，如果P在上游（in the upper reaches), L 在(in the Lower reaches), 篮子可以漂过去（drift）3，没有证据显示L村就没有船，篮子可能是由L 村的人乘船带过去的。

4，没有证据显示两个村子存在的具体时间，可能并不是同时期，那情况更加复杂。

Rhesus monkey 印度恒河猴提纲：1，Skateboard 滑板问题1，废弃物和损坏公物的行为的确存在，但可能相比由滑板人士造成的废弃物和损坏公物教小，后者造成的破坏大得多。

2，M公园的情况和中心广场不同，可能有更多的清洁工（dustman）和更为高效的sanitation system。

2，游客不来广场的原因有很多，不会因为有没有滑板运动而改变。

如果是出于让广场回复生机的目的，可能要从其他方面入手，而不仅仅是解决滑板问题。

Real estate 不动产，房地产1，A的收入是F的两倍，但没有显示A卖出的数量大于F，那么存在一种情况，A收取的中介费（commission）用要远远高于F，这对于消费者来说是不利的。

2，A的平均房价高于F，但没有考虑(consider)具体房屋的价值（different values of individuals）.可能F的房子有更好的质量。

3，10年前的销售业绩无法和去年的相比不同（under different circumstances, economic background, political context.）5,moped 助力车问题pedestrian 步行1，没有证据显示岛上的人车交通事故是因为助力车造成的，原因可能主要是由于行人的不遵守交通规则造成。

2，没有证据显示助力车过多造成了事故，作为主要的交通工具，可能正是因为助力车在夏季过少，才导致大多数人不得不走路，而更多的人走到了助力车道，造成交通事故，加大助力车的投入可能还会减少事故的发生。

Grandview市必须停止它对Grandview交响乐队的资助。

我们的市都注of Grandview."To avoid a budget deficit next year, the City of Grandview must eliminate its funding for the Grandview Symphony. Our citizens are well aware of the fact that while the Grandview Symphony Orchestra没有发现存在大型哺乳动物骨头的类似场所，因而人类并没有猎杀这些哺乳动物。

因此，一定是一些气候上的变化或其他环境因素导致了这些物种的灭绝。

where the bones of fish had been discarded, but they found no such areas containing the bones of large mammals, so the humans cannot have hunted the mammals. Therefore, some climate change or other environmental factor must have caused the species' extinctions.大约7000年前人类到达了Kaliko岛，在3000年内曾经生活在Kaliko岛的树林中的大型哺乳动物绝大多数已经灭绝了。

然而人类并不是导致这些物种灭绝的因素，因为没有证据表明人类3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forests of the Kaliko Islands had become extinct. Yet humans cannot have been a factor in the species' extinctions, because there is no体利润。

【题⽬】Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been unique to the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a " Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could only have crossed it by boat, but there is no evidence that the Paleans had boats. And boats capable of carrying groups of people and cargo were not developed until thousands of years after the Palean people disappeared. Moreover, Paleans would have had no need to cross the river—the woods around Palea are full of nuts, berries, and small game. It follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not unique to Palea.【中⽂翻译】⼀种具有独特花纹的编织篮⼦以前只在史前村庄P的临近地区发现过，因⽽被认为是P居民所独有的。

50、An ancient, traditional remedy for insomnia —the scent of lavender flowers —has now been proved effective. In a recent study, 30 volunteers with chronic insomnia slept each night for three weeks on lavender-scented pillows in a controlled room where their sleep was monitored electronically. During the first week, volunteers continued to take their usual sleeping medication. They slept soundly but wakened feeling tired. At the beginning of the second week, the volunteers discontinued their sleeping medication. During that week, they slept less soundly than the previous week and felt even more tired. During the third week, the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. Therefore, the study proves that lavender cures insomnia within a short period of time.The speaker concludes that the scent of lavender provides an effective short-term cure for insomnia. To support this conclusion the speaker cites a three-week experiment in which researchers monitored the apparent effects of lavender on 30 insomniacs, who slept on lavender-scented pillows each night of the experiment. The speaker's account the experiment reveals several critical problems with it. Together, these problems serve toundermine the speaker's argument.A threshold problem involves the definition of insomnia. The speaker fails to define this critical term. If insomnia is defined as an inability to fall asleep, then how soundly or long a person sleeps, or how fired a person feels after sleep, is irrelevant to whether the person suffers from insomnia. In short, without a dear definition of insomnia it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.Another fundamental problem is that the speaker omits to inform us about the test subjects' sleep patterns just prior to the experiment. It is impossible to conclude with any confidence that the subjects benefited from sleeping on lavender-scented pillows withoutcomparing how they slept with the pillows to how they sleep without them.Yet another problem involves the fact that subjects slept more soundly and awakenedless fired the first week than the second, and that they used their regular sleep medication the first week but not the second. This evidence tends to show only that the subjects' other sleep medications were effective; it proves nothing about the effectiveness of lavender.A fourth problem involves the speaker's account of the experiment's third week, during which the speaker reports only that the subjects slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks. We are not informed whether the subjects took any medication during the third week. Assuming they did not, any one of a variety of factors other than the lavender-scented pillows might explain the third week's results. Perhaps the subjects were simply making up for sleep they lost the previous week when they discontinued their regular medication. Or perhaps the subjects were finally becoming accustomed to the lavender-scented pillows, which actually disturbed sleep initially. In short, without ruling out other explanations for the third week's results, the speaker cannot confidently identify what causedthe subjects to sleep longer and more soundly that week.Two final problems with the argument involve the experimental process. The experiment's results are reliable only if all other factors that might affect sleep patterns remained constant during the three-week period, and if the number of experimental subjects is statistically significant. Without evidence of the experiment's methodological and statistical reliability, the speaker's conclusion is unjustifiable. 有效总结相当于explanation动词用的很到位这个是用来攻击偷换概念 --睡着和睡的好这个建议改成攻击睡的好 的原因和薰衣草没 关系这个可以不做具体攻击 同时，作者的攻击也 不够深刻这里可以写薰衣草和枕头 这对偷换概念In conclusion, the argument is unconvincing as it stands. To strengthen the assertion that lavender-scented pillows provide a short-term cure for insomnia, the author must provide evidence that the test subjects' insomnia was worse just prior to the experiment than at the conclusion of the experiment, and that the number of subjects is statistically sufficient to warrant the conclusion. To better assess the argument, we would need a clear definition of insomnia, as well as more information about whether the researchers conducted the experiment in a controlled environment.本篇文章的论述相对比较肤浅没有从作者的逻辑错误着手，并展开详细的攻击大家再写的时候可以写两对偷换概念 + 因果错误。

2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析argument的中文意思名词1.[C,U]争论，争吵，争辩，辩论2.可数名词：论据，理由，论点3.不可数名词：辩论单词分析这组名词均有“争执、不和”之意。

controversy侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。

argument指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。

conflict指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。

debate通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。

dispute普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。

quarrel普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。

strife指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。

英语解释a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreementa fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is truea discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposala variable in a logical or mathematical expression whosevalue determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variablea summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie例句Indeed, she had quite a long argument with the lory, who at last turned sulky, and would only say, `I am older than you, and must know better'你瞧，爱丽丝已经同鹦鹉辩论了好长时间了，最后鹦鹉生气了，一个劲儿地说:“我比你年龄大，也就肯定比你知道得多。

Argument经典文章分析干货信息量太大建议收藏先本文作者：雷哥GRE名师YangonGRE写作是考生备考阶段很重要的一个环节，抛开其在考试中的分值占比、学校考核要求等方面的原因，考生认为写作重要的更本质原因在于——不会分析，无从下笔。

尤其是Argument部分内容，同学们备考时总会有这样的疑问：为什么我就算是了解了argument的常见逻辑错误点，但是自己练习或是考试时，仍然不能分析得透彻，表达得清晰流畅、有理有据呢？与此同时，新GRE的Argument新添了四大类Direction，其对我们行文影响巨大，既是考生备考的难点，也让备考变得更加有针对性。

今天，我们就一起通过下面这道Argument的考题及范文分析，帮助大家解决“不会分析、无从下笔”的问题。

进入例题分析前，我们先了解清楚Direction分类及其重要性。

和Issue类似，新GRE的Argument新添了四大类Direction：Assumption，Evidence，Explanation和Question。

可以把Argument理解为“用论据论证结论的过程”，而每一道Argument题目就是一个论证过程。

结合Direction，我们需要做的就是从上述四大类Direction的角度出发，评价该论证过程是否完善。

然而，大多数考生备考时，仍然将写作重心放在了“逻辑错误”上，也背了不少针对每种逻辑错误的写作模板。

但是，这些语言模板基本上未能很好地照应Direction，所以即便大家能够清楚识别其中的逻辑错误并借用模板将其表达出来，最终得分可能仍然超不过3分。

究其原因，就是没有按照Direction来写。

结合Direction，一道Argument题目正确的解题步骤如下：1. 通读Argument，准确定位结论和论据2. 逻辑图梳理Argument的论证过程3. 根据Direction，分析已梳理出的逻辑图The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine.“A recent s tudy rating 300 male and female advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to proper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night.”“最近的一项研究根据每晚平均睡眠时间对300名广告业高管进行了评分，结果显示，高管所需的睡眠时间与他们公司的成功之间存在关联。

提纲17:G附近的拥堵可能由于车道刚修好,BG两个车道上的commuters不均衡,大家都挤到新车道上来,长时间后两车道上的乘客平衡就好了.Moreover,G上的congestion正说明修一个车道不够,应该多修很多市民是keen bicyclist, 可能他们平时骑车锻炼休闲旅游,但是为上班节省体力所以不会骑车上班; 另外骑车速度慢,更容易拥堵.提纲18:A虽然有luxurious的设施,但arguer没有给出证据说明A profitable,可能这样并不能吸引顾客。

另外，R可能结构过于古老，不适于翻新（renovate）。

此外，向A学习refurnish剧院，成本增加，进一步提高票价，来的人更少。

剧院at risksurvey有问题，可能顾客并不全认为票价贵。

同时考虑到R有地理优势，历史悠久有群众基础，并不一定比A弱。

提纲19：没有给出两公司规模（scale，number of workers），可能P规模小，事故多，这样本公司本来就安全。

就算本公司事故多，也不一定是由于员工fatigue造成，可能员工不够skillful和proficient，可能公司机器操作起来本来就更危险。

另外，P公司事故少不一定是因为休息多，有可能公司本身生产食品，员工危险低，也可能设备先进不需要员工much work。

减少员工工作时间可能并不有效。

员工可能利用休息时间打牌泡妞而不去休息，即使休息也不一定保证profitable，提纲20：沙滩的腐蚀可能不是因为游客，可能因为storm，或者海水污染，减少游客数目不一定能保护沙滩。

即使减少游客可以保护沙滩，由于收入减少可能没钱填充沙滩。

B和T位置不同、沙子数量不同、沿岸房子结构材料不同，不能用同样的方法保护建筑物。

即使海滩和建筑保护好了，能否提高旅游业还要看service facility以及climate等因素。

提纲21：arguer草率的认为学生成绩提高是因为老师因为评估而给高分，可能是学生更努力，或者老师因为考虑学生意见讲课更好了，因此没有理由取消评估措施，需要proof。

蓝底字为高频1, evidenceForemost, the author based his conclusion on a crucial assumption that Palea had not been to Lithos.没有足够的证据证明P人没有来过L Second, the author assumes that Palean People had not cross the river.错误的假设P无法渡河。

首先没有说明现在的河水深度和以前一样，其次没有发现船的遗迹不代表当时没有船Finally, even granting that the above two assumptions are effictively bolstered, the author relies on an additional assumption that there is no other circumstance to bring palean baskets to Lithos.忽略了其他可能使P篮子到L的方法。

2,alternative evidencethe results of rhesus monkeys may be not suitable for other species. 其他动物可能与猕猴不同。

the conditions of rhesus monkeys may not be the same as that of humans.错误的类比，猕猴的激素分泌情况不一定与人类一样。

no comparable informations about the later born monkeys are given. 数据缺失，没有后生猕猴的具体相关信息，可能与作者推断的不同。

3,questionsThe author unfairly assumes that it is the presence of skateboarders that result in the currentsituation of the plaza.错误因果，滑板不一定是导致广场冷清的原因。

新argument题目翻译及重复题目总结第一篇：新 argument 题目翻译及重复题目总结1.woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern ... 2.A recent study of eighteen rhesus monkey... 3.Over the past two years, the number of shoppers... 4.Of the two leading real estate firms in our town (4)5.On Balmer Island, where mopeds serve as a popular...6.Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic regions...7.We recommend that Monarch Books open a cafe in its town.8.T o serve the housing needs of our students...9.Nature's Way, a chain of stores selling health food and other health-related products...10.Twenty years ago, Dr.Field, a noted anthropologist... 11.The council of Maple County. Concerned about ... 12.Fifteen years ago, Omega University ...9 13.In an attempt to improve highway safety (18)14.A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian15.Recently, butter has been replaced by margarine 16.In surveys Mason City residents rank water sports 17.To reserve a decline in listener number 18.Over the past year, our late-night news program 19.Two years ago, radio station WCQP 20.同18（题目要求不同） 21.同10（题目要求不同）22.According to a recent report, cheating among college and university students is one the rise. 23.同10（题目要求不同）24.A recently issued twenty-year study on headaches 25.A jazz music club in Monroe 626.Salicylates are members of the same chemical family as aspirin muters complain the increased rush-hour traffic 28.同26 29.同27 30.The birthrate in our city is declining 31.In our region of Trillura32.During the past year, Quiot Manufacturing had 30 percent33.Several recent surveys indicate that home owners are increasingly eager to conserve energy 34.In an effort to improve our employees' productivity 35.One month ago, all the showerheads in the first three buildings 36.An innovative treatment has come to our attention37.Ten years ago, as part of a comprehensive urban renewal program 38.Five years ago, at a tome when we had difficulties in obtaining reliable supplies 39.A recent sales study indicates that consumption of seafood dishes 2k and dairy products are rich in vitamin D41.A ten-year nationwide study of the effectiveness of wearing a helmet 42.Erosion of beach sand along the shores43.Two years ago, consultants predicted that West Egg's landfill11 44.Over the past year, the Crust Copper Companyst year the number of students who enrolled in online degree 46.Medical experts say that only one-quarter of Corpora's citizens 47.Because of declining profits, we must reduce operating 48.Clearview should be a top choice for anyone7 49.同45 50. An ancient, traditional remedy for insomnia 51.butter has been replaced by margarine(第一句同15)后面与15 不同52.One month ago, all the showerheads on the first five floors（同35）53.The citizen of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyle54.Human arrived in the Kaliko Islands 55.Although the sales of Whirlwine video games56.A recent study of our customers suggests that our company is wasting the money57.同56（题目要求不同） 58.同34(细微差别) 59.A nationwide survey reveals that the two most-desired home features 60.Most homes in the northeastern United States, where winters aretypically cold 61.For many years the city if Grandview have provided annual funding 62.In a laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps 63.Throughout the country last year, as more and more children below the age of nine participated in youth-league sports 64.Collectors prize the ancient life-size clay statues of human figures 65.When Stanley Park first opened,66.For many years all the stores in our chain have stocked67.Despite its downtown location, the Rialto Movie Theater 68.A recent study reported that pet owners have longer, healthier lives on average69.Ten years ago our company have two new office buildings constructed 70.同69 （最后一句不同）71.Traffic here in Waymarch is becoming a problem 72.Your recent article on corporate downsizing 73.The Mozart School of Music 74.The president of Grove College75.The department of agriculture in Batavia10 76.Over 80 percent of the respondents1577.Two years ago, the nearby town of Ocean View78.Recently, we signed a contract with the Fly-Away 79.Since those issues of Newsbeat magazine 80.According to a recent report from our marketing department 81.As a result of numerous complains of dizziness and nausea 82.A recent study of Dura-Socks 83. In 1975 a wildlife census found that amphibians84.Two studies of amphibians（83）85.In a study of the reading habits of Waymarsh citizens86.When XYZ lay off employees 87.同85（题目要求不同）88.Our previous experience has been that our stores are most profitable1 89.同86（题目要求不同）90.同88（题目要求不同）91.Three years ago, because of flooding at the Western Palean Wildlife Preserve 92.workers in the small town of Leeville take fewer sick days 93.WWAC 94.A recent national survey found that the majority of workers with access to the Internet at work 95.Five years ago, at a time when we had difficulty obtaining reliable supplies of high-quality wool fabric21 96.同95（最后一句不同）97.Over the past ten years, there has been a 20 percent decline in the size of the average audience98.Since its opening in Collegeville twenty years ago, Monarch Books has developed a large customer 99.同98（题目要求不同）100.Jazz music is extremely popular in the city of Monroe（与25相似） 101.There is mow evidence that the relaxed pace of life in small towns 102.同100（最后一句不同）103.同101（最后一句，结论不同）104.During the past year, workers at our newly opened factory reported 30 percent more on-the-job accidents than 105.与104 相似 Bulter Manufacturing 106.同105（最后两句不同） 107.同66（题目要求不同） 108.同66（题目要求不同）109.Several factors indicate that radio station KNOW 110.与109 相似111.In order to stop the recent decline in our profits, we must reduce operating expenses at Movies Galore's ten 112.与111相似113.Many other companies have recently stated that having their employees take the Easy Read Speed-Reading Course 114.几乎与78一样 115.与69相似 116.与78相似 117.与78相似 118.与14相似119.Evidence suggests that academic honor codes, which callfor students to agree not to cheat 与22相似120.Several years ago. Groveton College 与22相似121.In a controlled laboratory study of liquid antibacterial hand soaps与62相似122.与121相似 123.与41相似 124.与121相似 125.与41相似126.与113相似 127.与113相似 128.与35 相似 129.与35 相似 130.与15 相似 131.与15 相似132.All the students should be required to take the driver's education course at Centerville High School 133.与15 相似 134.与134相似135.The data from a survey of high school math and science teachers show that in the district of Sanlee many of these teachers reported 136.与132相似137.While the department of Education in the state of Attra recommends that high school students be assigned homework every day 138.与22 相似139.Our citizens are well aware of the fact that while the Grandview与61 相似 140.同137（要求不同）141.The city of Grandview与61 相似142.Hospital statistics regarding people who go to the emergency roomafter roller-skating accidents 143.When the Grandview与61 相似 144.与53相似 145.与60相似 146.与60相似147.与74相似 148.与74相似 149.与74相似 150.与60相似151.Benton City residents have adopted healthier lifestyles 152.One year ago we introduced our first product, Bargain Brand breakfast cereal 153.同152（要求不同） 154.与60相似 155.与60相似 156.与74相似157.Five years ago Fish Emporium started advertising in the magazine Exotic Pets Monthly 158.与157相似 159.与5相似st october, the city of Belleville installed high-intensitylighting in its central business district 161.与113相似 162.与61 相似163.与36相似164.与25相似165.与54相似166.与36相似167.与32相似168.The primary function of the Committee for a Better Oka City 169.Two years ago, the town of Seaside Vista opened a new municipal golf course and resort hotel 170.The surface of a section of Route 101,paved just two years ago by Good Intentions Roadways 171.Two years ago the city voted to prihibit skateboarding in Central Plaza 172.与160相似 173.与5相似 174.与39相似以下是小编为大家搜索综合整理有关新gre作文题库，argument introduction的7种区别，如有疏漏望大家踊跃补充。

1.○1运动不为健康，女性为美丽。

商业手段：打折、广告。

○2profits。

○3不为profits，为抢占市场。

2.○1restrictions是否确实有效地实施。

城市建设：交通、便利设施、污染。

Inflation & devaluation○2样本差异：management culture constitution of residents。

背景不同。

3.○1绝对数字。

应分别指出去大企业、小企业工作的人占得到工作人的比例。

绝对数字的上升或下降不说明问题，除主观因素，有可能其他因素导致：失业率增加，大企业裁员（lay off）。

○2survey。

一年级，只是部分人。

观点很可能改变。

○3即使是这样，企业也不应该按照职员的意愿调整自己的福利和工作时间。

没有证据证明大企业需要更多职员。

竞争激烈导致在小企业更有满足感，这是客观规律。

4.○1绝对数字。

人数多少并不决定工作效率。

○2profits。

平均房价并不代表公司利润。

○3忽略时间。

人民收入、生活水平不同导致市场需求不同，房子的地点未必相同，未必好卖。

6.○1流行性：参加庆典的人是否代表本地人。

绝对数字，上座率。

音乐家决定流行。

○2profits。

是否足够好以招揽全部本地业务。

○3贷款：信用。

7.○1工厂存在并未必导致污染。

空气污染恶化并不说明F失职，由邻近地区造成。

○2患者不全是本地人。

○3A和F未必是唯一的两个候选人，A能够保护环境未被证实。

8.○1Inflation & devaluation。

只看一年的业绩不说明问题，应该看更多的。

销量上升不代表利润多，可能降价了。

○2没有证据证明销量会更好，人们对垃圾食品不看好。

○3小生产商是否有经济实力推广全国市场。

其他地区市场分割、垄断。

未经仔细的市场调查。

9.○1成绩上升不证明成绩虚假，教师可能改进教学方法。

成绩在找工作中不占决定性因素：teamwork communication hard-working。

Argument提纲第一篇：Argument 提纲41Argument 37 1.crime rates and property may not relative to the program.Each of them is influenced by other aspects,not just through depending on using substandard housing near the freeway.(list the possible influences)2.Ten year's ago the program is useful,but it may not suit today's circumstances.Taking the same action may lead possible problems.3.whether the declining area on the opposite side of city can take the similar action to obtain the same reward.This program cannot fit every area.4.Some housing and apartment in existing nearby neighborhood are unoccupied,alternate housing for those display by this action will be readily ing these houses have some matters need to solve.Such as,the property of these houses.These house may have some other uses in the future.Argument 38 95 96 1.Have a new fabric supplier,but the production of this coat is also related to other material,for example,the expense of machine,cotton,worker's wage.So,wether they can resume produce this coat is still needed discussion.2.Major competitor no longer makes an alpaca overcoat,whether there will be pent-up customer demand.The reason for they stoping produce this coat may the decreasing demand of the marketing.So,reproduce this coat will possible risk a loss.3.Even the price of most types of clothing has increased in each of the past years,customers may not willing to pay significantly higher prices for alpaca overcoats than they did five years ago.The average payment people spent on the clothing has decreased in recent five years for the high price of the clothing.4..Even there are demand for the overcoat,whetherreproduction of this coat will certainly bring huge profits.One company's profit is related to the production material cost and the transaction price.Only supply enough proofs can prove what the author said.Argument 39 1741.Two-income families eat fewer home-cooked food and concern more about healthy food.But seafood is not stand for healthy food or not home-cooked.They may prefer eating fruit,vegetable,beef,an so forth.2.Seafood restaurant that specializes in seafood may not be quite popular or profitable.To judge wether a restaurant is profitable is to analyze the restaurant attracting enough customers,the profit can cover the money they spend on advertising and keeping restaurant normal operation.3.No currently operating city restaurant specialty is seafood,if opening an new one it may not popular as other restaurants.The reason for there are no seafood restaurant is just for opening such restaurant cannot bring profit to the owner.4.Two-income families are not stands for rich families.They may prefer more affordable food,instead of choosing seafood.Argument 40 1.Since milk and dairy products are rich in vitamin D and calcium,but there are no proof reveal that people can absorb most of vitamin D and calcium contained in milk and dairy products.It is very likely that people can only absorb little VD and Ca,most of them cannot be utilized by people.So,it cannot through whether consistently consuming milk and dairy products to judge the possibility of risking osteoporosis.2.This disease link to both environment and genetic factors,people's bone also weaken significant with age.This long-term study did not ruling out the differences among people that received investigation.Even them consistently consumed dairy products and milk,their genetic factors and living environment causingthem with higher possibility in risking osteoporosis.At the same time,it is a long-term study,and people are easy to get this disease with the time goes by.Other participants who did not consume milk and dairy products should be compared with people in the same age that consumed consistently milk and dairy.The author also need to ruling out the affect of environment and genetic.Maybe people live in this region lacking exercise,and the food them usually eat are obtain little VD and Ca.So,the suffer more probability to get the disease.3.Bone fractures cannot reflect that people getting osteoporosis.The factors leading bone fractures are numerous,such as,laking exercise,obtain limited calcium,or even genetic.So,just depending bone fractures we cannot get enough information.Argument 41 123 125 1.The surveys about the number of bicyclists wearing helmet and the number of bicycle-related accident are both increasing during the same ten-year period cannot constitute reasonable relation.Each of they is independence survey.The author need to provide enough proof to confirm the relationship between them.It is probably that if the number of bicyclists who wearing helmet is less than 10 years ago,the rate of bicycle-related accident would increasing more than 200 percent.More reasonable factors needed to be know.2.The number of bicycle-related accident may caused by other matters.The average driving standard of drivers is poor compared to ten years ago,or the road is not suitable for driving because of the recent year's bad weather,or even the newly published policy can also influence the rate of bicycle-related accident,it allows a higher driving speed or a lower limited driver's age.All these aspects can lead to the increasing rate of accidents.3.Even I concede that wearing helmet is the reason for the increasing rate of bicycle-related,but I need more proof to prove through concentrating more on education about bicycle accidents and less on encouraging or requiring bicyclists to wear helmet can fundamentally solve problems.Maybe the accidents caused by wearing helmet is usually unserious,and they are often slightly friction without casualties.So,in order to solve serious injures just through controlling wearing helmets or education may obtain less reward.The government has to seek other more valid solutions.Argument 42 1.We have no idea wether the erosion of beach sand along the shores of Tria Island is caused by people.Charging people for using the beaches may not the best solution.Erosion of beach can be caused by weather,geographic movement,industry pollution,or all of them.A series of aspects can lead to the erosion.So,in order to make an affirmatory conclusion more work needed to be done.Just depending on partial proof,the author cannot hastily join an conclude that people should responsible for erosion of the beach.2.The author said that charging for people would bring an bad effect to the tourist industry in the short term,it would raise money for replenishing the sand.It has much probably that because of charging for people,few people choose to visit here if they had another choice that free for people.With less visitors,it is hard for the government to gain money for replenishing the beach.This policy would bring some unexpected consequences.The author did not provide any proofs to prove this policy would being constant income.Without reliable reasons,I can hardly believe what the author said.3.Protecting buildings on the nearby island of Batia,will help protecting buildings along our shores,thereby reducing these buildings' risk of additional damage from severe storms.So,Tria's tourist industry will improve over the long term.Idid not have any information to support that Batia's buildings are related to the Tria's tourism,even they are nearby.Maybe through protecting the buildings in Batia,more people would like to go Batia instead of Tria.Thus,it would directly influence Tria's tourist industry.Or,Batia's building have no relationship to Tria at all,and it would not help protect buildings along our shores，not to mention improving over the long term.All these possible factors needed to take into consideration,only after analyzing all the possible result can the author get a reliable solution.Argument 43 1.Even during the past two years,the town's residents have been recycled twice as much material as they did in previous,but I do not know the the total amount of the garbage.It has much possible that the amount of garbage today has increased more than twice compared to two years ago.So,with the garbage's increasing rate is faster than the garbage's recycled speed,West Egg's landfill would be completely filled within five years or even less years.Without accounting this possible circumstances,the author cannot make valid conclusion,I cannot believe what he said is reasonable.2.The author inferred charges for pickup of other household garbage will double from the increasing amount of recycled material--which includes paper,plastic,and metal.This deduction is not affirmatory.Just depending on several particular materials the author cannot get the information of all other material.They do not have an confirm relationship,the increasing recycling of paper,plastic,and mental may be with the decreasing recycling of other household garbage,for example,polluted water,articles for daily use.Hasty conclusion may lead the author's word lacking reasonable support,it is hardly for readers to agree with him.3.The prediction was made two years ago,it is likely that the prediction do not suit today's circumstances.Withthe government advocating for living a more healthy and environment-friendly life,and newly published policies awarding people who recycles a certain amount of garbage.What's more,people have a stronger sense of protecting our environment compared two years ago.They are more likely to recycle garbage than before and pay more attention on the using recycled wast materials.After these series of action,the available space in our landfill should last for considerable longer than predicted.P10Argument 44 1.The author said mining copper on this land will inevitably result in pollution.But he did not give enough and reasonable proofs to prove his word.It is much likely that the production of mining is under strict supervision,so,the pollution will not be so great as the author said.What's more,the CCC has gotten much money as reward,it might use a certain amount of fund to protecting environment.The result may not be so bad as the author predicted 2.What's more,the author care about several endangered animal species which West Fredonia is their home.He thought mining copper in this area would bring huge disaster to them.It might not bring disaster to their habitat, as the author said.If the habitat is far from the mining area,or these several animal are living in the natural reserve,where beyond human destruction.They might not suffer from environment disaster.All these circumstances should be took in consideration,the author cannot hastily give his own view.3.Even I concede that what the author said is valid,but I cannot bolster the solution what the author proposed.He thought such disasters can be prevented if consumers simply refuse to purchase products that are made with CCC's copper.This viewpoint is so superficial,the author ignored many possible factors that mightinfluence consumer behavior.Maybe the production that are made with CCC's copper are closely related to normal people life.They cannot live without using these productions,and the price of these productions made by CCC's copper is lower compared to other companies.So,people will usually choose the productions that are made with CCC's copper.Without ruling out this possible situation the author cannot gain the support from other people.P13 Argument 45 49 1.First the author give the example Humana University.He thought a significant decrease from prior years in expenditures for dormitory and classroom space were caused by the increasing number of the students who enrolled in online degree programs.This view needed more proofs to prove its valid.Many other factors may also leading to the same consequence.Maybe more student choose to go back home after one-day study.So，less dormitories are needed.At the same time,classroom do not need maintenance every year,students here are told to more care about classroom's maintenance,and the number of students in this university is constant,no more space is needed as the time goes by.So,it is not necessary to spend much money no classroom space.Without accounting these series of circumstances,the author cannot give reasonable conclusion.2.In order to solve Humana University's problem the author advice it should immediately to create and actively promote online degree programs like those at Omni.The author did not analyze the difference between these two universities.Maybe the action is suitable for Omni,but totally impeding Humana's future developing.Omni may located in an area where the economy is not so developed,computer is not widespread.If Omni take this solution,many student would loss the opportunity to study for laking computers,so is unfair tothese compared not so well-off students.Or comparing using Internet Humana's student more prefer to study at school,they can have interaction with other students and teacher,through this way they can obtain more things,no matter knowledge or the ability of communication.3.In the last the author predicted that instituting these online degree programs will help Humana both increase its total enrollment and solve its budget problems.It is too superficial to put forward this view.To judge whether an action is helpful to increase enrollment or budget problems we need to know the fundamental causing factors of these problems.First,if we want to increase the enrollment,more facilities need to be invited in,teachers in this university must obtain higher educational quality,using more scientific and efficient teaching mode.After taking all these improving methods,university can believe that they may attract more students to study in their school.As to budget problems,if one university can attract more students,their income will be increasing,through spending these money in a scientific way,they would solve this problem in the end,and this university would have a more promising future.Argument 461.The author made several mistakes.Firstly,an area with highest computer ownership may not indicate that people in this area are usually spend the longest time on computer.The high rate may just reflect that people's life or work in this area are related to computer,they need to solve many matters depending on computer.So,many families in this region obtain an computer.Just for their life is related computer they would like to cost more time no fitness than other regions.In order to an a balance and healthy life,people here taking more exercise to keep fit.Thus there is not existing a particular relationship betweencomputer ownership and spending too much on computer.2.An area people with a higher rate of obtaining computer may reflect people here are usually living a well-off life.Because they have redundant money,they may care more about other things just like healthy and spirit entertainment.So,there are an increasing fitness rate instead of the predicted decreasing one.3.Whether the recent decline in economy can be reflected by low expenditures on fitness-related products and service is questionable.May be the reason leading to the low expenditures is just the local government did not pay much attention on citizens' fitness,or the fitness-related products are usually with a low utilization rate in this region.So,in order not to waste more money,the government choose to spend less funds no it.Argument 47 111 112 1.Even Movies Galore's(MG)is famous for its low prices,it may not bring bad effect on its profit if they increase the prices.Because once the price is not beyond the customers consuming ability,people may keep watching movies in MG.Maybe even MG raising their price,its price is much lesser than other movie-rental stores.So,this action is not bound to causing the further profits decreasing.2.The author also put forward a solution is reducing operating hours by closing at 6:00p.m rather than 9:00p.m.This suggestion sound not so valid.Shorting the operating hours means fewer customers can rental movies in these stores,the direct influence is the decreasing of profits.Even cutting the operating hours can short the expense of operating,but the author did not give proof that the money saved by cutting time can cover the decreasing income leaded by less customers.More information needed to give,only we analyze the different consequences that each action may lead to,can we make a reasonable conclusion.3.The newpolicies about reducing overall inventory by no longer stocking any DVD released more than 5 years ago did not received many complaints,the author think other stores should all take it.There are several points the author need to give more detail explanation.It is much probable that many people oppose this polies,but only a few of their complaints are received by MG,or many people do not know how and where to express their discontents.Received few complaints not means a small number of people oppose this policy.A more large investigation need to be done,more people's views need to de included.So, it can provide a more reliable consequence and reflect the true circumstance.Argument 48 1.Whether natural beauty and a consistent climate can join the attention of retirees?The author did not give any proofs to explain it.Maybe,a large number of retirees concern more about the convenient transition and sound medical system instead of natural beauty and consistent climate.Without ruling out the possible situations,the conclusion cannot convince me,more information about the retirees' appetite should be given.2.Another advantages the author given is the housing cost in Clearview have fallen significantly during the past year.Even the price has fallen significant,but it is much likely that the housing price in Clearview is still higher than other regions.The price here cannot be regard as an advantage.And the author did not provide the matters that causing the decreasing.Maybe the living environment is not suitable for people living anymore with the surrounding environment have been polluted by factories nearby.Or the new policy claims that the people living in these region needed to pay more for housing maintenance or the housing location is far from the downtown,causing the citizens living here with many problems.Ifthe author cannot give reasons for the decreasing price,we may doubt whether the environment, location,transition or other factors are suitable for living people,it may not be a good choice to seek a place in C after retiring.3.The author compared the C's taxes with neighboring town,and then joined the conclusion that the taxes in C is lower,so,it is another advantage for C.It may seem reliable at the first glance,but it cannot bear further analyzing.The taxes in C only compared with one neighboring town,may be both taxes in C and the neighboring town is much higher than the nationwide average taxes,it is far beyond retirees' capability to pay.The consequence is superficial,if the author want us to bolster his view,he need to list a series of proofs to prove his word is convincing.4.To further support his standpoint,the author said the mayor here promises many new programs to improve school,streets,and public service.But promise cannot stand for the true action.May be the mayor just want to attract more people choosing C,it is an effective way.Just depending on the mayor's word,we can hardly believe all these improvements would be practiced exactly in the end.If the author want to prove it is reliable,he should provide the policies that the government has already published containing these improvements' detail implement.5.With the number of physicians in the area is far greater than the national average cannot reflect the area with greater health care.Health care is involving the quality of medical treatment, physicians' standards and high-tech medical facilities.With the great number of physicians can only reflect a small part of the whole aspect.If the author want his view more reasonable his should take all these factors into consideration.Argument 50 The author recommended an ancient,traditional remedy for insomnia,in order to support hisview,the author gave an experiment involving lavender flowers.But there are several points he need to give more information and valid proofs, without proofs,we can hardly believe these things with logical problem are convincing and correct.1.The first one is wether 30 volunteers can represent most of people.Only 30 volunteers received the experiments,maybe some people among these 30 volunteers have other diseases that also influencing sleeping quality,and lavender have some good effect on these diseases as well.So,we cannot distinguish whether lavender is an remedy for insomnia.If the author wants this recent study more reliable,he should choose more people,and guarantee these volunteers are representative and without other diseases that may also influence the result of the study.Without ruling out these probably phenomena,I cannot convince what the author said and the consequence of the study reflect the true result.2.Second thing is 30 volunteers still taking their usual sleeping medication during the first and second week in addition to the lavender treatment.It has much probably that the volunteers slept longer and more soundly than in the previous two weeks is not the effect of lavender but the usual medicine.What's more,in the first two weeks,volunteers slept soundly but wakened feeling tired.For they both received medicine and lavender treatment,we do not know which one leading to the sound symptom,and which one bringing bad effect on it.Maybe lavender do not have the remedy as the author said,it has contradictory effect--30 volunteers felt more tired--the consequence just opposing the word what the author said.If the author wants us to bolster his opinion,he need to analyze all these things,only ruling out these possible factors can we get the reasonable conclusion.3.Thirdly,after recommending thestudy,the author joined the conclusion that lavender cures insomnia within a short period of time.This conclusion is full of logical mistakes.Only after taking 3 weeks cure(n.),it has high possibility that during the fourth week,some volunteers restart sleeping unsoundly and even more tired,lavender cannot have effect on these symptom anymore.Without long time observation,the author cannot say this treatment efficiently cure this ually many patients with an particular disease having the experience that at a time feeling they are totally recovery,but in fact,every disease has its incubation,it has much probably one day these symptom may reappear.4.Can chronic insomnia represent all insomnia patients.Chronic insomnia just belong to one kind of insomnia.Even I convince that lavender is helpful to the chronic insomnia,but I cannot easily believe it is good for all kinds of insomnia.Maybe lavender has contradictory effect on other insomniaArgument 53 144 151 The author recommended that citizens of Forsythe have adopted more healthful lifestyle.In order to support his view,several proofs were listed.But they were not as valid as the author thought,some logical mistakes let me hardly believe what the author said was reliable.I need more detail and reasonable informations.1.Firstly,the author said compared to ten years ago,people in recent survey reflected that in their eating habits they conform more closely to government nutritional recommendations.It cannot reflect any valuable informations.Maybe ten years ago,people's eating habits were totally opposing the government recommendations.In recent years,people have slightly changed in their eating habits,even to some extent their habits are also not healthy,but compared to 10 years ago,it was more better.And we cannot know thegovernment's recommendations matching the requirement of healthy eating.It has much probably that this recommendation in some points may have bad effects on people's health.If people keeping their eating habits as the recommendations for a long time,the possibility of suffering some diseases would higher than people who do not obey it.So,without ruling out possible phenomena I can hardly agree with the author said.2.Secondly,the author said that there has been a fourfold increase in sales of food products containing kiran,which can reduce cholesterol.It also cannot show that people's eating habits are more healthy.Even the sales of food containing kiran are increasing,maybe the total amount of consuming is still low.Because people in ten years ago nearly not eating these kinds of food,thus even with fourfold increasing,the amount of food is also very litter.And even these food containing kiran,but the author cannot guarantee people would absorb most of it.Maybe most of kiran cannot be absorb by people through just ordinarily eating these food,some other food or fruit needed to eat at the same time to help people gaining more kiran.Or food containing kiran can help reducing cholesterol,but the author did not mention that wether they would causing other diseases.3.Thirdly,the author also mention the trend in reduced sales of sulia.He also said few healthy citizens regularly eating it.Healthy citizens are not eating it cannot represent it is healthy.Maybe these citizens have customer usually do not eating sulia,or they just for dislike,so they do not choose it.All these factors can lead to the decreasing sales of suila,it do not have any relationship to the healthy eating.If the author wants to provide more reliable examples,he need to consider more things and possible causing matters.Without it,I would think theconclusion that the author recommend is superficial,it do not reflect the rmation is U.Argument 54 144 151 The author recommended that 7,000myears ago human arrived in the Kaliko Island,and within 3,000 years most of the large mammal species that had lived in the forest of the Kaliko Island had became extinct.Even this extinct was happened after human started living in the same island,the author did not think it is the true factor that leading to the mammal's extinction.T o bolster his view,some proofs are given.To some extent it seems reasonable and convincing,but it cannot bear further analyzing,several logical mistakes let me hardly believe what the author said is completely right.Without more information and details,I cannot agree with the view that human are not the reason for causing mammal's distinction.1.Firstly,the author said that there is no evidence that the humans had any significant contact with the mammals.This view exist many logical errors.Even people did not have contact with the mammal,they could also influence them through many other ways.Human could change the environment they were living.In order to reproduce,human need more clothing,food,and some other necessities.These requirement could bring a series of influences to the around environment.They might eating some fruits that also belongs to mammal's principal food,or they fell trees in the forest,destroyed mamma's habitat.All these activities would causing mammal's extinction.But the author did not consider these possible phenomena,without taking these factors to the consideration I cannot believe the view he proposed is right.2.Secondly,the author gave the evidence of numerous sites where the bones of fish had been discarded,whereas,no such areas containing the bones of large mammals.Without founding such sites the authorinferred that humans cannot have hunted the mammals.The biggest mistake the author made is confusing with the relationship between no fond and no exist.Scientists still have not discovered the bones of the mammal,maybe there were a place containing significant bones but still unknown by scientists.Or the ancestors using mammal's bone as decoration or money,so we can hardly find an area that with numerous bones.The possible reasons if the author cannot give examples to prove cannot be true,I will think one of them is correct,while the author said is totally wrong.3.Even I convince what the author raised is right,but I cannot accept the view that the climate change or other environmental factors must have caused the species's extinctions.If human is not the main factor,but the author did not give other information proving climate or environmental factors are surely principal causing mammal's death.In order to ruling out other possible factors,the author should give the relating data or experimental consequences or archaeological evidences.Maybe disease causing the mammal's extinctions,or the food shortage.What's more maybe some species specially hunting they for food can also causing the significant death.Without ruling out these conditions,I cannot agree with the author.The recommendation he put forward is superficial,and his view is partial.If he wants to gain more people's support he should give more reliable evidences and consider comprehensively.Argument 55 1.Whether the sales of Whirlwind video games have declined for the video games' features.Maybe their products are too expensive,or their productions are less competitive compared to other companies' productions,or the advertising is not enough,many people do not know them.What's more people living in these region do not like。

1. The following appeared as part of an article in a business magazine."A recent study rating 300 male and female Mentian advertising executives according to the average number of hours they sleep per night showed an association between the amount of sleep the executives need and the success of their firms. Of the advertising firms studied, those whose executives reported needing no more than 6 hours of sleep per night had higher profit margins and faster growth. These results suggest that if a business wants to prosper, it should hire only people who need less than 6 hours of sleep per night."Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.以下是14的范文，请大家读完后，将它改写为argument 118Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.注意尽管题目要求不同但是结构和内容基本一致只需要在措辞上进行调整The article argues that companies should hire people who need less sleep because these employees are more likely to succeed based on a survey of 300 advertising executives. A number of assumptions have been made about the generalisability of the survey result, the reliability of the reported need of sleep and other related issues. We need to examine the assumptions carefully in order to assess the argument.To begin with, the assumption that the survey results can be applied more broadly may not hold true. The subjects of the survey are all from a single industry, namely, advertising. Maybe it is important for people in this field to burn the midnight’s oil to prosper. But this rule may not apply to other industries, for example, insurance or manufacturing. In addition, the survey only asks the executives who may have to work extra hours to lead the companies. But for employees at lower level sleeping less may not be very helpful for achieving success.In addition, it is assumed that the executives actually need little sleep as reported in the survey. In other words, the assumption is that the subjects were telling the truth about their lifestyles during the survey. It is possible that the surveyrespondents just want to impress others or show their attitudes towards sleep when answering the questions. Without further data to verify the reliability of the survey results, it is not reasonable to apply the finding in the hiring processes.Another assumption being made is that the need of less sleep is the main reason why the executives were successful. As we all know, correlation does not necessarily imply causation. A host of other factors unrelated to sleep may have caused the success of the executives. For example, they might happen to have a good team of people working efficiently towards their goals. Or they were lucky enough to meet some clients who were willing to pay higher fees which boosted the profit margins and the growth rates. Without looking into how they achieved success, it is too hasty to attribute their accomplishments to their sleep patterns.Finally, it is also assumed that executives with less need for sleep can succeed in the long term. Maybe they manage to accomplish more than their peers with their abilities to sleep less. But we do not know how the relatively small amount of sleep would have any negative impact on their health and their performance in the long term. We also do not know how their lifestyles may affect the overall job satisfaction of themselves and their co-workers. If their abilities to sleep less would enable them to work overtime, maybe they would also force their colleagues to work overtime, which may not benefit the long-term success of a company.In conclusion, it is not reasonable to recommend hiring people who need less sleep based on this survey on a relatively small group of executives from a single industry. More information is needed before we can check the assumptions discussed above and make a more reasonable hiring policy.2.Woven baskets characterized by a particular distinctive pattern have previously been found only in the immediate vicinity of the prehistoric village of Palea and therefore were believed to have been made only by the Palean people. Recently, however, archaeologists discovered such a "Palean" basket in Lithos, an ancient village across the Brim River from Palea. The Brim River is very deep and broad, and so the ancient Paleans could have crossed it only by boat, and no Palean boats have been found. Thus it follows that the so-called Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean.Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.Outlinefocus on whether the river could be crossed by people without any help: not so deep and broad; frozen in winterdiscuss the possible bridges and boats which might not survive the timeexplore the possibility of the baskets being carried by waterAccording to this argument, the Palean baskets may have been made by people from areas other than Palea as the baskets have been found in the adjacent village. We need more evidence about geographical information of the area, the technologies of building boats and bridges and the characteristics of the baskets in order to evaluate the argument.While the author assumes that the baskets could only have been carried by boats which had not been found, there are other possible scenarios. For example, maybe the river at the time was not as deep and broad as it is now. If the river was shallow and narrow, people in Palea and Lithos could be trading baskets by walking across the river. On the other hand, maybe the weather was extremely cold at the time and the river was frozen during the winter. Again the people from the two villages could simply walk across the river to trade. So we need more information about the geography and climate in the area at the time to assess how likely the scenarios discussed above were.We also need to know more about the technologies of Palean and Lithoian people at the time for building boats and bridges. Specifically, we want to know whether they were able to build boats and bridges and if they could what materials they used. Maybe they could build boats or bridges to cross the river but the materials they used could not survive the time and left no traces for archaeologists tolocate. The absence of any tangible traces of boats or bridges does not necessarily imply no boats or bridges were available then. More information regarding these issues is needed.Another importance piece of evidence we need is the materials being used to make the baskets. Specifically, we want to know whether the baskets could float in the water. It is possible that some of the baskets had been dumped by Palean people to the river and carried by the water to the other side of the river and then picked up by Lithoian people. To assess how likely this scenario is, we need to know the density of the materials of the baskets along with some other physical characteristics.In conclusion, it is difficult to decide whether people from Lithos may have learned to make the baskets. More information about different issues discussed above has to be gathered to assess the strength of the argument.25分钟conclusion; Palean baskets were not uniquely Palean; other villages can produce similar basketskey question: are the newly found baskets locally produced or transported from Paleanwhether the river was that deep and broad at the timeboats from other villages? what materials were available for making boats; can they survivepossible bridge?trading relationship?3. Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.Arctic deer live on islands in Canada's arctic regions.They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of the year.Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it.Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters, the deer populations are declining.Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the purported decline in deer populations is the result of the deer's being unable to follow their age-old migration patterns across the frozen sea.P1: more evidence about the accuracy of the hunters’ reports- whether the hunters had scared away the deer with their guns- whether the hunters had visited the area in a particular point in time when the deer were less active- how many hunters had reported the deer population; the number was small- less reliableP2: more evidence about the sea ice in arctic region- whether the sea ice in arctic region had melted (global warming trend does not mean local warming)- whether more food was available near the habitat due to the climate change (then no need to travel)P3: evidence that may provide other explanations for the decline of deer population - any pollution that may threaten the deer population- overhunting4. The following is a letter to the editor of the Waymarsh Times."Traffic here in Waymarsh is becoming a problem. Although just three years ago a state traffic survey showed that the typical driving commuter took 20 minutes to get to work, the commute now takes closer to 40 minutes, according to the survey just completed. Members of the town council already have suggested more road building to address the problem, but as well as being expensive, the new construction will surely disrupt some of our residential neighborhoods. It would be better to follow the example of the nearby city of Garville. Last year Garville implemented a policy that rewards people who share rides to work, giving them coupons for free gas. Pollution levels in Garville have dropped since the policy was implemented, and people from Garville tell me that commuting times have fallen considerably. There is no reason why a policy like Garville's shouldn't work equally well in Waymarsh."Write a response in which you discuss what specific evidence is needed to evaluate the argument and explain how the evidence would weaken or strengthen the argument.全文示范部分同学写这篇的时候问题较多。

ARGU~~~1 运动品的畅销问题1~~商品的畅销不代表居民也喜欢运动，买这些东西可能有其他原因：潮流，时尚，品质的衣服。

2~~学校要求不代表学生会买，他们可能有自己的运动计划和设施。

3~~他因影响计划，运动水平，食物习惯~~ARGU~~~2 房价上涨和统一规格的关系1~~房价上涨的他因，好的政策，教育，医疗，福利，或者是土地价格本身的UP~~2~~错误的比较，地形，气候，习惯，位置不同3~~这么做不好的地方，认错家，或者丧失了城市的活力~~ARGU~~~3 法学院的学生的工作就业问题1~~下降的15%和上升的数字都没有具体的提到，而且不同地方学生的质量都不同2~~顶尖法学院一年级的学生不能代表毕业生的想法，而且即使可以代表他们本学校的，也不能代表所有的法学院学生，而且调查的各个方面的问题~~3~~没有迹象表明大公司会给相应的福利，而且一个大公司的情况不能代表所有同行的情况~~ ARGU~~~4 房产公司的比较问题1~~40对25的比较存在问题，首先虽然多了15个人，可是他们也可能都不是全工，而且他们的水平有待怀疑，能力，资历，阅历，客户源，公司的信誉问题2~~经营的房产不同，168000都是贵的差房子，144000都是便宜的好房子，虽然他们依靠贵的房子卖的多，可是这样的质量隐患确实存在3~~快慢的问题，10年前和1年前的房产市场的不同，而且可能这个人买的两次房产不同，而且不能排除偶然的因素，因为其他人的情况没有提到ARGU~~~5 关节炎药物的销售赢利问题1~~三年后专利到期不等于别人就能产出更好的药来，别人的技术不行，或者我们信誉最好，而且我们完全还有可能生产出更多的好的药物来2~~临床的资料不准，统计不充分和全面，而且有的人根本都不去医院，因为医院的药物太贵，3~~没有提到新药的任何的资料，没有说明Xylan的详细信息，可能效果不一定好，或者专利期更短；也没有说明Perkins制药的具体情况，可能是个小公司，没有能力生产太多的药，甚至可能被Becton 收购annex to…ARGU~~~6 JAZZ俱乐部的投资问题1~~流行？10万人来看可能是因为这里的交通方面或者历史悠久等原因，大多数都是外地人，而且JAZZ的音乐家住在这里不代表这里JAZZ会受欢迎，他们来这里不能带来音乐的流行，而是因为自己个人的其他原因，这里环境好，或者什么2~~节目的观众多不代表他们愿意买唱片或者去现场看JAZZ的演出，人们欣赏的方式有很多种，而且即使交通很方面，也不能否认昂贵的价格是一个障碍。

GRE 写作argument全部官方范文分析汇总写在前面的话：1、官方范文的重要性不言而喻，大家对官方范文的态度也有褒有贬，有人说这些6分的官方文章都是大牛写出来的，我们学不来，于是有的同学的重心就转向了北美范文。

但有一点是不可否认的——官方范文是真的6分，可是ets从来没承认过任何一个北美范文是六分的，尽管也确实都是很好的文章。

;2、关于argument的重要性很多人认为argument相对于issue来说容易些，也更好操作些，更容易拿高分。

我个人认为这是个误区。

我们最后拿到的成绩是个平均分，没有人知道具体每篇是多少。

尽管有的同学会猜测自己得分是多少多少，但是猜测毕竟是猜测。

因为游戏是ets定的，他的标准和我们心中接受的标准肯定是不一样的，打个比方，看看后面第三篇满分范文，让一般人看，估计没有几个人会毫不犹豫地给满分，甚至高分，但在ets眼中它就是满分;另外，实际上新东方的模版写出来的argu文章和官方范文给出的满分文章是有很大差别的，主要体现在是一个是零散凑成的(所谓的让步式攻击有时只是形式上的)而另一个是有核心思想的，我会在后面的分析中具体说明。

既然这样，那完全有可能最终4分是来源于3分的argue加5分的issue，而不是反之。

所以说，我们有可能高估了我们写argument的能力。

3、对于官方范文，实际上这些看上去很天马行空的文章，潜在的蕴涵了ets所要求的所有要点。

之所以很多人看了很多遍没有看出什么可借鉴的地方，源于两点：一是没有和awintro上的要求相对应起来看，二是没有把有限的6篇官方范文进行横比。

4、本文整体结构：第一部分awintro中A部分重点语句的归纳和梳理，方便与后面的分析相对照。

这里所有的英文均一字不差的摘自awintro。

同时也作为我的另一篇文章“awintro的解读”中的argument部分的补充。

第二部分是我的对于全部6份官方范文(结合awintro)的分析，本文属于个人观点，一家之言难免存在偏颇和不足之处，恳请大家多多指教。

1.53, （生命科学/科学假说/并列）Thirteen years ago, researchers studied a groupof 25 infants(1) who showed signs of mild distress(4) when exposed to unfamiliar stimuli such as an unusual odor or a tape recording of an unknown voice. They discovered that these infants were more likely than other infants to have been conceived in early autumn(2), a time when their mothers' production of melatonin(3)—a hormone known to affect some brain functions—would naturally increase in response to decreased daylight. In a follow-up study conducted earlier this year, more than half of these children—now teenagers—who had shown signs of distress identified themselves as shy(5). Clearly, increased levels of melatonin before birth cause shyness(4) during infancy and this shyness continues into later life(6).★★★★1.The sample of the mentioned study is too limited. (quantity of the sample)★★★2.No direct evidence is provided to show that it is the high levels of mothers’production of Melatonin that resulted in the distress showed by the infants studied. (confusing concurrence with causality)★★★★3.The author fails to prove that increased levels of mothers’ production ofMelatonin will directly affect their infants. (U.A)★★★★4.The author simply equates mild distress with shyness. (U.C)★★★★5.Different individuals may define the term shy in various ways. (definitionof the term ‘shy’)★★★★6.Many other genetic or environmental factors will cause shyness in thoseteenagers. (I.T)★★★★25 infants,mild distress 论断：出生前某素的高含量会使婴儿害羞，而且这种害羞会继续。