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宾语从句 时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。 • 1. He asked me ________ with me. • A. what the matter is • B. what the mater was • C. what’s the matter • D. what was the matter
状语变化
• 表示时间的词
• • • • now——then, yesterday——the day before this week(month ,etc)——that week last week(month ,etc)——the week(month ,etc) before • three days (a year ,etc) ago——three days (a year. etc) before • next week (month ,etc)……the next (following ) week (month ,etc) • tomorrow……the next (following ) day
goes 1.I’m sure if he _____(go) to the party, will have (have) a great time. he________ stops 2.If the rain _______(stop) tonight, we will go to the cinema. 3.I’ll buy a computer if I have ______(have) enough money. won’t get 4.You _________(not get) nervous if you do _____(do ) enough exercise. will come 6.I want to know if he _________(come) comes tomorrow, if he _______(come), I will give __________(give) the massage to him.
• 第三人称不更新 • Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.” • →Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.
时态变化
• • • • • • • • • 一般现在时——一般过去时 Mary said," I am a girl." Mary said she was a girl. 现在进行时——过去进行时 Mary said," I am doing my homework." Mary said she was doing her homework. 现在完成时——过去完成时 Mary said," I have finished my homework." Mary said she had finished her homework.
• ②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 • Jack said. "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?“ • →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
• ⑤直接引语如果是以“Let„s”开头的祈使句， 变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句 词（或从句）。 • He said, "Let‟s go to the film." • →He suggested going to the film. • 或He suggested that they should go to see the film.
在直接引语变为间接引语时，以下情况 时态一般不变化。
• ①直接引语是客观真理。 • "The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. • → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth
• 指示代词 • this……that • these……those
• • • • •
表地点的词 here——there 动词 bring——take come——go
如何变句型
• ①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改 为由that引导的宾语从句 • She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“ • →She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.
• ②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句 或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或 if引导的宾语从句 • He said, "Can you swim, John?" • →He asked John if he could swim. • "You have finished the homework, haven„t you?" my mother asked. • →My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. • "Do you go to school by bus or by bike?“ • →He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike. •
• • • • • •
过去时——过去完成时 Mary said,"I had lunch". Mary said she had had lunch. 一般将来时——过去将来时 Mary said,"I will leave tomorrow.'' Mary said she would leave tomorrow.
• ④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改 为"tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth."句型。如： • "Don‟t make any noise," she said to the children. • →She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. • "Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she. • →She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.
直接引语变间接引语
• • • • • • • • 人称变化 一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 一随主 She said. "My brother wants to go with me. " →She said her brother wanted to go with her. 二随宾 He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?" →He asked Kate how her sister was then.
• 1.If you _____(feel) tired, you _____(have) to have a rest. • 3. If there ____(be) fewer trees, there ___________( be) more pollution. • 5. If Marcia ______(live) alone, she ___________( keep) a pet parrot. • 6. Lana ____( buy) a new dress if the old one ____(be) out of style. • 7. Peter ______( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he _ (tour) Spain.
• ③直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应 该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语 从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序） • She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?“ • → She asked me when they had their dinner. • 注意：特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾 语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。
• ⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时 的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。 • Peter said. "You had better come here today。" • →Peter said I had better go there that day 。
• 1.If he____________ (not, do it ), I___________(do) it. • 2.If you ____ (be) late for school ,my teacher ________(be) angry. • 3 If she________ (win) the prize ,we _______(be) happy. • 4.If I _________ (not,eat )so much ,I _________(get) thinner. • 5.If you ______(tell) them, they _____________ (not,believe) you.
• ③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、 某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。 如： • Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。" • →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
