THE LIVING FOSSIL OF SHANGSHUNG CIVILIZATION： TSEDRUP DIVINE DANCE

小学下册英语第2单元自测题[含答案]考试时间：90分钟（总分:140）B卷一、综合题(共计100题共100分)1. 填空题：I often see my relatives during ____.2. 听力题：The dog loves to chase ______ (balls).3. 填空题：The _____ (生态研究) helps us understand plant life.4. 填空题：The hedgehog has spines for _______ (保护).5. 选择题：How many players are on a cricket team?A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 136. 填空题：There are many _____ (叶子) on the tree.7. 填空题：I love to go ______ (滑冰) at the rink during winter.8. 听力题：The chemical symbol for gallium is __________.9. 选择题：What do we call the act of encouraging community involvement?A. EngagementB. ParticipationC. VolunteerismD. All of the Above答案：D10. 听力题：The symbol for osmium is _______.11. 选择题：What is the name of the largest land animal?A. ElephantB. GiraffeC. RhinoD. Hippo答案：A12. 填空题：The ________ (树干) supports the branches.13. 选择题：What do we call a baby cat?A. PuppyB. KittenC. CalfD. Chick答案:B14. 听力题：The ______ helps with the filtration of blood.15. 听力题：A solar panel converts sunlight into ______.16. 填空题：The _______ (猫) can see in the dark.17. 填空题：I love to write ______ (科幻小说) because I can create my own worlds and characters.18. 选择题：What do you call the study of living things?A. BiologyB. ChemistryC. PhysicsD. Geology答案:AThe ancient civilizations of Africa are known for their ________.20. 填空题：My friend has a pet _______ (我的朋友有一只宠物_______).21. 听力题：The Great Depression started in the year _______.22. 选择题：What is the name of the famous writer known for his "Iliad" and "Odyssey"?A. HomerB. VirgilC. SophoclesD. Plato答案: A23. 听力题：The stars are ___ (bright) at night.24. 听力题：The main role of DNA is to store _____ information.25. 填空题：My dad is a __________ (专业顾问).26. 填空题：The _____ (科技) helps us understand plants better.27. 填空题：The turtle is very ______.28. 听力题：The chemical process that occurs in our bodies to release energy is called ______.29. 填空题：I love the scent of fresh __________ (花卉).30. 填空题：I find ________ (社会学) very interesting.31. 听力题：The road is _____ (long/short).The ancient Egyptians created a calendar based on the ______ (太阳).33. 听力题：A ______ is a type of fish that can live in both saltwater and freshwater.34. 选择题：What do you call the middle of the Earth?A. CrustB. MantleC. CoreD. Shell答案: C35. 填空题：My favorite stuffed animal is a _________ (小狗) named Fluffy.36. 听力题：Liquid water can freeze into _______.37. 选择题：What do you call a baby chameleon?A. HatchlingB. PupC. CubD. Kit38. 选择题：What is the capital of India?A. DelhiB. MumbaiC. KolkataD. Chennai39. 选择题：What do we call the season when flowers bloom?A. WinterB. SpringC. SummerD. Autumn40. 填空题：The ________ loves to swim in the pond.41. 选择题：What is the capital of Spain?A. BarcelonaB. MadridC. ValenciaD. Seville答案:B42. 选择题：Which instrument is used to measure temperature?A. BarometerB. ThermometerC. HygrometerD. Anemometer答案:B43. ts have _____ (药用) properties. 填空题：Some pla44. 选择题：Which planet is known for having a big red spot?a. Marsb. Venusc. Jupiterd. Saturn答案:C45. 填空题：The ________ (历史建筑) tell stories of the past.46. 听力题：In a reaction, the products are found on the ______ side of the equation.47. 填空题：The ________ was a major event in the history of Europe.48. 选择题：Which fruit is known as the "king of fruits"?A. MangoB. DurianC. PineappleD. Banana答案:B49. 选择题：What is the name of the fairy tale character who lived in a tower?A. RapunzelB. CinderellaC. Snow WhiteD. Belle50. 填空题：The __________ is a major river system in Europe. (多瑙河)51. 选择题：What do we call a collection of related poems?A. AnthologyB. NovelC. EssayD. Biography答案: A52. 选择题：Which instrument is typically played with a bow?A. FluteB. TrumpetC. ViolinD. Guitar答案: C. Violin53. 选择题：What is the capital of Guatemala?a. Guatemala Cityb. Quetzaltenangoc. Escuintlad. Villa Nueva答案:a54. 选择题：What do we call a place where animals are kept for public viewing?A. CircusB. AquariumC. ZooD. Farm答案:C55. 选择题：What type of animal is a dolphin?A. FishB. MammalC. ReptileD. BirdHow many months are in a year?A. TenB. TwelveC. ElevenD. Thirteen答案: B57. 听力题：The ________ (presentation) engages the audience.58. 选择题：What is the capital of Saudi Arabia?a. Riyadhb. Jeddahc. Meccad. Medina答案:a59. 听力题：A fossil fuel is formed from the remains of ancient ______.60. 选择题：What is the capital of Italy?A. VeniceB. RomeC. MilanD. Florence答案: B. Rome61. 填空题：I love to watch _______ (我爱看_______).62. 听力题：I like to ride my ______ (scooter).63. 填空题：A ____(renewable energy certificate) supports clean energy projects.64. 听力题：We have a ________ (presentation) tomorrow.65. 填空题：I like to _____ (watch) the plants change with the seasons.The process of making charcoal involves _______.67. 听力题：The ______ is known for its strength and size.68. 选择题：What is 60 ÷ 3?a. 15b. 20c. 25d. 30答案:b69. 填空题：The sloth hangs from branches for ______ (休息).70. 填空题：We can _______ a kite in the wind.71. 选择题：What is the color of the sky on a clear day?A. GreenB. BlueC. RedD. Yellow72. 填空题：Rabbits eat _______ (胡萝卜).73. (Ancient) Greeks were known for their philosophy and democracy. 填空题：The ____74. 填空题：The _____ (植物推荐) can guide new gardeners.75. 选择题：What do you call a story that teaches a lesson or moral?A. FableB. NovelC. BiographyD. Play答案: A76. 听力题：Coral reefs are built by tiny marine ______.The squirrel has a bushy ______ (尾巴).78. 选择题：How many sides does a triangle have?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 579. 填空题：The _____ (内陆地区) may have unique plant species.80. 选择题：What is the capital of India?A. MumbaiB. New DelhiC. KolkataD. Chennai答案:B81. 选择题：What do you call the process of a caterpillar turning into a butterfly?A. MetamorphosisB. EvolutionC. TransformationD. Development答案: A82. 填空题：I enjoy ________ (参加) sports.83. 填空题：A peacock spreads its ______ (羽毛) to attract mates.84. 填空题：The _______ (猴子) likes to eat bananas.85. 选择题：What is the name of the largest animal on land?A. HippoB. GiraffeC. ElephantD. Rhino答案: CThe ______ is famous for her acting skills.87. 填空题：Frogs can _________ (跳) very far.88. 选择题：What do you call a group of fish?A. HerdB. SchoolC. PackD. Flock答案:B89. 听力题：The chemical formula for sodium sulfite is _____.90. 选择题：What is 5 + 3?a. 6b. 7c. 8d. 9答案:c91. 填空题：The _______ (The Civil Rights Movement) fought for equality and justice.92. 选择题：What do you call a drawing or painting of a person?A. LandscapeB. PortraitC. SculptureD. Collage答案：B93. 填空题：The athlete is very _____ (勤奋) and practices every day.94. 听力题：The _______ of sound can be affected by the medium it travels through.95. 听力题：My brother is a ______. He enjoys participating in sports.96. 填空题：My favorite _____ is a spinning wheel.97. 听力题：Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) are harmful to the ______ layer.98. 选择题：What do you call the people living in a city?A. CitizensB. ResidentsC. LocalsD. All of the above答案:D99. 选择题：Which fruit is red and often mistaken for a vegetable?A. BananaB. CarrotC. TomatoD. Grapes100. 填空题：In _____ (98), there are many castles.。

桂林2024年08版小学6年级下册英语第2单元暑期作业(含答案)考试时间：80分钟（总分:120）B卷考试人：_________题号一二三四五总分得分一、综合题(共计100题)1、听力题：A __________ has a long, slender body and can swim quickly.2、填空题：The gazelle can run very ________________ (快).3、填空题：My friends and I often joke with each other and call each other __.(我的朋友和我常常开玩笑，相互称呼为。

)4、What is the capital of India?A. MumbaiB. New DelhiC. KolkataD. Chennai答案: B. New Delhi5、听力题：A __________ is a reaction that involves a change in color.6、听力题：The chemical symbol for xenon is ______.7、填空题：The ancient civilization of ________ is known for its complex society.8、What is the name of the ocean on the west coast of the United States?A. Atlantic OceanB. Indian OceanC. Arctic OceanD. Pacific Ocean答案:D9、填空题：A rabbit's fur is very ______ (柔软) and thick.10、What is the name of the famous tower in Pisa, Italy?A. Tower of LondonB. Leaning Tower of PisaC. Eiffel TowerD. CN Tower11、What is the name of the famous giant structure in Egypt?A. ColosseumB. Great WallC. PyramidsD. Stonehenge答案:C12、听力题：I wear my _____ (外套) in winter.13、听力题：The capital of Mongolia is __________.14、听力题：I have a ___ (neat) collection of stickers.15、What do we call the study of human societies?A. SociologyB. AnthropologyC. PsychologyD. Political Science答案:A16、听力题：My sister is a ______. She enjoys studying animals.17、Which planet is known as the "Gas Giant"?A. MercuryB. VenusC. SaturnD. Earth18、填空题：I love to explore ________ (博物馆) on weekends.A chemical reaction can be affected by catalysts, temperature, and ______.20、What do we call the young of a horse?A. CalfB. FoalC. KittenD. Pup答案:B21、What is the capital of Barbados?A. BridgetownB. SpeightstownC. OistinsD. Bathsheba答案: A22、填空题：Plants can create a ______ (宁静的环境) in our lives.23、听力题：Astronomical units (AU) are used to measure distances within our ______.24、选择题：What is 20 - 10?A. 5B. 10C. 15D. 2025、听力题：The __________ is important for human habitation and agriculture.26、听力题：The process of condensation is the opposite of _______.27、听力题：The kids are _____ (laughing/crying) at the park.28、填空题：I enjoy studying ______ (科学) because it helps me understand how things work.29、填空题：The turtle is very ______.My friend is a great __________ (运动员) in track and field.31、听力题：My best friend is a ______. He loves to skateboard.32、How many teeth does an adult human have?A. 28B. 30C. 32D. 34答案:C33、How many players are on a cricket team?A. 11B. 12C. 13D. 1434、填空题：The leaves flutter down from the _______ in fall.35、What is 1,000 minus 500?A. 300B. 400C. 500D. 600答案:C. 50036、听力题：I have a ________ of candy.37、填空题：I saw a ________ (鸟) in the tree.38、听力题：She has a _____ (狗).39、听力题：My brother is a ______. He enjoys coding games.40、听力题：The process of digestion involves many ______.41、填空题：My dog loves to _______ (跟随) me everywhere.I enjoy _______ (cooking) dinner.43、填空题：My dad teaches me to be __________ (负责的) with my chores.44、听力题：Heat can change the state of ______.45、听力题：__________ are used to indicate pH levels in solutions.46、What sound does a cow make?A. BarkB. MeowC. MooD. Roar答案:C47、选择题：What is the capital of the USA?A. New YorkB. Washington, D.C.C. ChicagoD. Los Angeles48、听力题：A solution that does not conduct electricity is called a ______ solution.49、听力题：The cat is ___ (purring/meowing).50、What is the main ingredient in sushi?A. RiceB. BreadC. NoodlesD. Potatoes答案:A51、填空题：Different plants have different __________ (需求).52、Which animal is known for its ability to jump high?A. FrogB. LizardC. SnakeD. Fish答案:A53、填空题：I want to _______ a story about adventures.54、填空题：The _____ (小猫) loves to explore new things.55、What is the primary color of an eggplant?A. GreenB. PurpleC. YellowD. Red答案:B56、听力题：The butterfly is _____ on the flower. (resting)57、听力题：I need to _____ (buy/sell) groceries.58、听力题：The ______ is part of the plant that attracts pollinators.59、What is the name of the famous American holiday celebrated on the second Sunday of May?A. Mother's DayB. Father's DayC. Valentine's DayD. Easter答案:A60、听力题：I have a _____ (collection) of dolls.61、What is the opposite of "hard"?A. SoftB. ToughC. StrongD. Firm62、选择题：Which animal is known for having a pouch?A. DogB. CatC. KangarooD. Elephant63、听力题：The concept of ecological networks promotes connectivity between ______ habitats.64、What do we call a series of connected events in a story?A. PlotB. ThemeC. SettingD. Character答案:A65、选择题：What is the main source of energy for the Earth?A. The MoonB. The SunC. StarsD. Wind66、填空题：The ______ (海狮) barks and plays in the water.67、填空题：I call my mother _____ (妈妈).68、听力题：The __________ is a region known for its religious significance.69、听力题：The _______ can be a great conversation starter.70、What do we call a story that is made up or fictional?A. Non-fictionB. FableC. FantasyD. Myth答案: C71、填空题：The stars are _______ (在闪烁).72、听力题：My friend is a ______. He enjoys exploring different hobbies.73、What is the opposite of dark?A. GrayB. LightC. BrightD. Dim答案:B74、What is the name of the imaginary line that goes around the Earth?A. EquatorB. LatitudeC. LongitudeD. Meridian答案:A75、听力题：I want to go to the __________.76、听力题：Chemical energy is stored in ______ bonds.77、听力题：A sound wave is a type of ______ wave.78、听力题：A ______ is a summary of experimental findings.79、听力题：The boiling point of water is ______ degrees Celsius.80、填空题：The ________ likes to play hide-and-seek.81、What do you call a baby cat?a. Puppyb. Kittenc. Cubd. Calf答案:b82、填空题：A turtle retreats into its _______ when it feels scared.83、填空题：I love to take care of _______ (我喜欢照顾_______).My favorite season is _______ (spring/winter).85、填空题：The ________ was a series of conflicts between England and France.86、听力题：Plants can help improve _______.87、What do you call the process of making electricity from water?A. HydropowerB. Wind EnergyC. Solar EnergyD. Biomass答案:A88、What do we call the act of participating in a game or competition?A. CompetingB. ContestingC. EngagingD. All of the Above答案：D89、听力题：A blue supergiant is more massive than the ______.90、听力题：We have a _____ (庆祝) for the holiday.91、What is the capital of the Philippines?A. ManilaB. CebuC. DavaoD. Iloilo答案:A92、填空题：I like to play ______ (视频游戏).93、What is the capital of Peru?A. LimaB. CuscoC. ArequipaD. TrujilloThe _______ (The Civil Rights Movement) fought for racial equality in the US.95、填空题：My sister loves to watch ______ (小鸟) flying in the sky.96、填空题：The _____ (开花) of cherry blossoms is celebrated annually.97、What is the term for the effect of rotation on weather patterns on Earth?A. Coriolis EffectB. Weather SystemC. Atmospheric CirculationD. Wind Patterns98、What do you call a person who repairs cars?A. PlumberB. MechanicC. ElectricianD. Carpenter答案: B99、听力填空题：I think that understanding different perspectives can lead to __________.100、听力题：The _______ needs sunlight to grow tall.。

对上海的全面介绍英文作文英文：Shanghai is a vibrant and bustling city located on the eastern coast of China. With a population of over 24million people, it is the largest city in China and one of the largest in the world. Shanghai is a global financial center and a major transportation hub, with one of the busiest ports in the world.Shanghai is known for its stunning skyline, which is dominated by the iconic Oriental Pearl Tower and the Shanghai Tower, the second-tallest building in the world. The city is also home to a rich blend of historical and modern architecture, with traditional Chinese buildings standing alongside sleek skyscrapers.In terms of culture, Shanghai offers a wide range of attractions. The city is famous for its traditional Chinese gardens, such as the Yuyuan Garden, which date back to theMing Dynasty. In addition, Shanghai is a mecca for art and fashion, with numerous galleries, boutiques, and designer stores lining the streets.One of my favorite things about Shanghai is its food. The city is a paradise for food lovers, with a diverse array of culinary delights to choose from. Whether it's sampling xiaolongbao (soup dumplings) in a local eatery or indulging in a gourmet meal at a Michelin-starred restaurant, there is something to suit every palate.Shanghai is also a city of contrasts. While it is undeniably modern and cosmopolitan, it also has a rich history and a strong sense of tradition. This is evident in the city's many festivals and celebrations, which blend ancient customs with contemporary flair.Overall, Shanghai is a city that never fails to captivate and inspire. Its dynamic energy, rich culture, and endless opportunities make it a truly remarkable place to visit and explore.中文：上海是中国东部海岸的一个充满活力和繁华的城市。

小学上册英语第四单元全练全测英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The chemical symbol for argon is ____.2.The children are ______ on the swings. (playing)3.What do we call the first meal of the day?A. LunchB. DinnerC. BreakfastD. Snack4.I enjoy playing ______ on weekends.5.What do you call the first meal of the day?A. LunchB. DinnerC. BreakfastD. SnackC6.What do you call the place where books are kept?A. LibraryB. MuseumC. SchoolD. StoreA7.The Kepler Space Telescope was designed to find ______.8.What do we use to see at night?A. SunB. LampC. StarsD. Moon9.I enjoy drawing with my __________. (朋友)10.The ancient Romans drew inspiration from ________ mythology.11.My brother is a ______. He enjoys building robots.12.Which of these is a type of bird?A. EagleB. LizardC. FrogD. Turtle13.The __________ (历史的参与者) play crucial roles in shaping events.14.What is the capital of Tuvalu?A. FunafutiB. NukufetauC. NuiD. NanumeaA15.The ______ (小鹿) grazes peacefully, unaware of the approaching ______ (危险).16.All living things need ______ to survive.17.The _____ (老虎) is a fierce hunter.18.I saw a ________ (rabbit) in the yard.19.Can you help me _____ (find/lose) my toy?20.The term “solubility” refers to how well a substance can _____ in a solvent.21.What do we call the time when the sun is highest in the sky?A. DawnB. DuskC. NoonD. MidnightC22.My _______ (小狗) is very playful.23.What is the main ingredient in pizza dough?A. CheeseB. SauceC. FlourD. PepperoniC24.The _____ (园艺技巧) can be learned through practice.25.I saw a ________ jump over a fence.26. A _______ is a large area of land that is covered with trees.27. A ______ is a large, flat area of land at a high elevation.28.My mom reads me a ______ (book) at night.29.She has a beautiful ________.30. A _______ can symbolize love and friendship.31.The weather is _____ (sunny/cloudy) today.32. A solid has a fixed shape, while a liquid takes the shape of its ________.33.What is the term for a person who studies the oceans?A. OceanographerB. Marine BiologistC. GeologistD. EnvironmentalistA34.The capital of Finland is ________ (芬兰的首都是________).35.The ______ is wearing a blue dress.36.The ________ is a great climbing plant.37.The chemical formula for cobalt(II) nitrate is _____.38.What do we call the study of insects?A. OrnithologyB. EntomologyC. ZoologyD. BiologyB39.What do we call the study of ecosystems and their interactions?A. EcologyB. BiologyC. ZoologyD. Botany40.The _____ (树干) supports the branches.41.Electricity can make ______ (machines) work.42.I have a best friend named ________ (小明). We like to play video games and go to the ________ (图书馆) together.43.We learn about ______ (数学) in school.44.What is the name of the famous clock tower in London?A. Big BenB. Eiffel TowerC. Leaning TowerD. ColosseumA45.I saw a ________ hiding in the flowers.46.I love to watch the stars at ______ (夜晚). They twinkle like ______ (宝石).47.The _______ (小飞鱼) jumps out of the water to escape predators.48.In my culture, we often greet each other with "Good morning, ." (在我的文化中，我们常常用“早上好，”互相问候。

小学上册英语第6单元期中试卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Certain plants can ______ (为动物提供) food and shelter.2.My grandma loves to _______ (动词) during the weekends. 她的花园很 _______ (形容词).3.I love ______ in the summer. (ice cream)4.The __________ (历史的细致观察) uncover truths.5.Chickens lay ______ for breakfast.6.Which ocean is located between Africa and Australia?A. AtlanticB. IndianC. ArcticD. Pacific答案:B.Indian7.My mom is cooking ________ for dinner.8.The bird is ________ in the tree.9.The __________ (历史的传达) shares our stories.10.The ______ (树木) can live for hundreds of years.11.I want to ______ how to ride a bike. (learn)12.My friend has a lovely _______ (动物). 它的性格很 _______ (形容词).13.What is the main source of energy for the Earth?A. SunB. WindC. WaterD. Fossil fuels答案:A14.Which of these is a winter sport?A. SwimmingB. SkiingC. SoccerD. Tennis答案: B15. A __________ is a natural barrier that separates two areas.16.The _____ (lavender) smells wonderful.17.In a chemical equation, the substances on the left are the _______.18.The __________ (历史的再现) can evoke powerful emotions.19.What is the name of the famous bridge in San Francisco?A. Golden Gate BridgeB. Brooklyn BridgeC. London BridgeD. Tower Bridge答案: A20.The _______ (鸭子) quacks when it's happy.21.What is the name of the famous tower in Paris?A. Eiffel TowerB. Leaning Tower of PisaC. Burj KhalifaD. Space Needle 答案: A22. A reaction that absorbs heat is called an ______ reaction.23.I want to _______ (学习) about history.24.The baby is ______ (sleeping) in the crib.25.The _____ (habitat) is where plants live.26.In spring, flowers like ________ bloom everywhere.27.She is ________ her favorite song.28.The chemical symbol for hydrogen is _______.29.What is the main ingredient in bread?A. SugarB. YeastC. FlourD. Water答案: C30.The chemical formula for acetic anhydride is ______.31.I want to ________ my bike.32.My sister enjoys crafting ____ (cards).33.My favorite dish is ______ (鸡肉).34.I think it’s important to ________ (关注健康).35.The ____ is a nocturnal animal with large eyes.36.The weather is _____ today. (nice)37.can Civil War was fought between the North and the _______. (南方) The Amer38.My brother is really into ____ (science) experiments.39.My sister enjoys singing in the ____ (choir).40. A solvent is the substance that dissolves a ______.41.I enjoy helping my parents with __________ around the house.42.The cake is _______ (在餐桌上).43.The _______ (蜥蜴) loves to bask in the sun.44.The first President of the United States was _______ Washington.45.I like to play ______ (soccer) after school.46.I enjoy ___ (playing) board games.47.The ________ was a prominent figure in the history of philanthropy.48.My sister enjoys _______ (画画)。

小学上册英语第3单元寒假试卷(含答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The process of separating components based on boiling points is called ______.2.My dad likes to go fishing at the ____ (lake).3.I have a _______ that I can draw.4.I can ___ the clock. (see)5.Fossil fuels release _______ when burned. (二氧化碳)6.My friend loves __________ (帮助他人).7.I saw a _______ (鸭子) in the pond.8.Which insect is known for its ability to work together in colonies?A. ButterflyB. AntC. DragonflyD. Ladybug答案:B9.Rate of reaction can be affected by temperature, concentration, and ________.10.What do you call the practice of planting and growing crops?A. AgricultureB. HorticultureC. GardeningD. Farming答案:A11.What do you call the time when the sun sets?A. DawnB. NoonC. DuskD. Midnight答案:C12.Certain plants can ______ (提高) local biodiversity.13.My sister is ________ her friends.14.I believe in setting ______ (目标) for myself. It helps me stay focused on what I want to achieve.15. A ________ is a place where people live and work.16.What do you call the process of digging up soil to grow crops?A. PlantingB. HarvestingC. TillingD. Sowing答案:C17. A _______ grows well in wetlands.18.The __________ (艺术作品) reflects the beauty of nature.19.The ice cream is ______ (melting) in the sun.20.The Earth's atmosphere protects us from harmful _______ rays.21.I collect _______ (名词) as a hobby. Each item has its own _______ (故事).22. A ______ is a type of animal that lives in groups.23.I can ___ (paint) a sunset.24.I enjoy listening to music while I play with my ________ (玩具). It makes everything more ________ (有趣).25.What is the main ingredient in pesto?A. TomatoB. BasilC. GarlicD. Pepper答案:B26.What is 10 + 5?A. 14B. 15C. 16D. 1727.The Great Smoky Mountains are located on the border of _______ and North Carolina.28. A flamingo is pink because of its _______ (饮食).29.I see a _____ rainbow in the sky. (colorful)30.My favorite way to start a letter is with "Dear ." (我开始一封信的最喜欢方式是“亲爱的。

小学上册英语第2单元综合卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.What is the name of the tool used to measure temperature?A. BarometerB. ThermometerC. SpeedometerD. AltimeterB2.We have a ______ (愉快的) family day every month.3.My ______ likes to cook delicious food.4.What is the capital of Peru?A. LimaB. QuitoC. BogotáD. SantiagoA5._____ (栽培技术) can improve harvest yields.6. A crab has pincers to catch its ________________ (食物).7.The _____ (植物资源) is vital for sustainable living.8.What is the name of the famous British author who wrote "1984"?A. Jane AustenB. Charles DickensC. George OrwellD. J.K. RowlingC9.Which day is the weekend?A. MondayB. FridayC. SundayD. Wednesday10.My cousin is a ______. She enjoys painting landscapes.11.An oxidizing agent is a substance that can accept _____.12.What is the opposite of soft?A. HardB. SmoothC. RoughD. FirmA13.What do you call a person who studies plants?A. BiologistB. BotanistC. ZoologistD. EcologistB14.I enjoy playing _____ (桌面游戏) with my family.15.My uncle is a __________ (文化传播者).16. A ______ plays a key role in the habitat.17.Did you know that a _____ (变色龙) can change colors?18.What is the name of the famous American civil rights leader?A. Malcolm XB. Martin Luther King Jr.C. Nelson MandelaD. Rosa ParksB19.I enjoy cooking with my mom. We make delicious ______ (晚餐) together.20.__________ are important for the production of biofuels.21.The __________ (大树) took many years to grow.22. A __________ is a type of reaction that occurs in the presence of oxygen.23.What do we use to write?A. SpoonB. PenC. PlateD. Cup24. A _____ (植物发展) can lead to sustainable practices.25. A _______ can symbolize love and beauty.26.What do we call the person who flies an airplane?A. PilotB. EngineerC. MechanicD. Navigator27.The zebra's stripes can help regulate its body ________________ (温度).28. A _______ measures the amount of electricity used by devices over time.29.What is the capital city of Zambia?A. LusakaB. NdolaC. KitweD. Livingstone30.The __________ (科学研究) contribute to knowledge.31.__________ (反应条件) can greatly affect the yield of products.32.My cousin is a ______. She enjoys baking.33.The __________ (文化融合) has shaped modern societies.34.What do you call a young female pig?A. PigletB. SowC. BoarD. Gilt35.We are going to a ________ (音乐会).36.What is the capital of Russia?A. MoscowB. Saint PetersburgC. KievD. Minsk37.We have a ______ (快乐的) time at the beach.38.The opossum plays dead to avoid ______ (捕食者).39.How many wheels does a bicycle have?A. TwoB. ThreeC. FourD. FiveA40.The girl is very ________.41.Solutes are substances that are ______ in a solvent.42.What do we call the system of governing a country?A. EconomyB. PoliticsC. GovernmentD. LawC43.What is the term for a creature that can produce its own food?A. AutotrophB. HeterotrophC. ConsumerD. DecomposerA44. A ____ is a gentle animal that enjoys being petted.45.What is the main ingredient of pasta?A. WheatB. RiceC. CornD. OatsA46._____ (秋天) brings changing colors to the leaves.47.My family has ______ members.48.I love to paint my toy ____ in bright colors. (玩具名称)49.The penguin waddles on ________________ (冰).50.__________ are found in the center of an atom.51.What do you call the person who teaches you in school?A. DoctorB. TeacherC. EngineerD. ChefB52.My mom loves to __________. (烘焙)53.The ability of a substance to dissolve in another is called ______.54.What do you call a book that tells a fictional story?A. NovelB. BiographyC. AnthologyD. TextbookA55. A __________ (合成材料) is made from natural or artificial substances.56.The _____ (植物) needs sunlight to thrive.57.What do we call the time when the sun sets?A. SunriseB. SunsetC. NoonD. Midnight58.My mom loves to grow ________.59.The lynx's tufted ears enhance its sense of ________________ (听觉).60.What do you call a person who studies the weather?A. GeologistB. MeteorologistC. BiologistD. AstronomerB61.________ (植物适应) to their environment.62.electrification) reduces reliance on fossil fuels. The ____63.I enjoy _______ (散步) in the evening.64.The owl is a symbol of _________. (智慧)65.I love to _______ (画画) in my free time.66.She has a new ________.67.Metalloids have properties of both ________ and nonmetals.68.My favorite sport is _______ (篮球), and I play it with friends.69.What do you call a person who studies rocks?A. BiologistB. GeologistC. ChemistD. AstronomerB70.What is the capital of Hungary?A. BudapestB. DebrecenC. SzegedD. Miskolc71.What is the primary purpose of a compass?A. To measure distanceB. To tell timeC. To find directionD. To weigh objectsC72.My favorite game to play with friends is __________ because it's so much fun.73.I want to _____ (see) a concert.74.The chemical symbol for silicon carbide is _____.75.The chemical formula for iron(III) sulfate is _____.76.My cousin is very ____.77.The nurse provides _____ (护理) for patients.78. A parrot can ________ words.79.The __________ (历史的连结) strengthens bonds.80.What is the name of the first manned mission to land on the moon?A. Apollo 11B. Gemini 12C. Mercury 7D. Voyager 1A81. A ______ is a special type of ant.82.The Milky Way is part of a larger ______.83. A ______ (猴子) is playful and loves to climb.84.The bird sings a beautiful ______ (歌).85.They are in the ___ (garden).86.My favorite game is ______ (棋) because it challenges my brain and improves my ______ (思维能力).87.I enjoy cooking ______ (健康的) meals with my parents.88.What is 4 + 4?A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 989.The ________ (国家) has many different cultures.90.小鳄鱼) sunbathes on the rock. The ___91.What do you call a person who repairs cars?A. MechanicB. ElectricianC. PlumberD. CarpenterA92.I enjoy playing ______ outside.93.What do we call a large body of saltwater?A. RiverB. LakeC. OceanD. PondC94. A cute ___ (小狗) is barking in the park.95.The __________ (历史的反响) shapes public discourse.96.What do you call the study of living things?A. BiologyB. ChemistryC. PhysicsD. AstronomyA97. A bison is a large, grazing ________________ (动物).98.What do we call the imaginary line that divides the Earth into northern and southern hemispheres?A. LatitudeB. EquatorC. MeridianD. Prime MeridianB99.What is the color of grass?A. BlueB. GreenC. BrownD. RedB100.My sister is ______ (practicing) her dance routine.。

慈善机构对地球的积极影响英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Positive Impacts of Charities on Our PlanetAs a student, I'm always trying to learn more about the world around me and how I can make a positive difference. One area that has really captured my interest lately is the role that charitable organizations play in protecting our environment and making the Earth a better place for all. From tackling climate change to preserving biodiversity, these non-profit groups are at the forefront of some of the most crucial efforts to safeguard our planet's future.I think it's important to start by acknowledging the scale of the environmental challenges we're facing. Climate change, caused by human-driven increases in greenhouse gas emissions, is already having devastating impacts in the form of rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, droughts, and biodiversity loss. Deforestation, pollution, and unsustainable resource extraction are also putting immense stress on ecosystems around the world. Addressing these complex, interrelated issueswill require a multifaceted approach involving governments, businesses, communities, and individuals – and charities have a vital role to play.One key way that non-profit organizations are combating climate change is through reforestation and conservation efforts. Groups like the Arbor Day Foundation, American Forests, and One Tree Planted have collectively facilitated the planting of millions of trees across the globe. Trees are incredibly effective at absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and releasing oxygen, making reforestation one of the most powerful tools we have for drawing down greenhouse gas emissions. Plus, by preserving and restoring forests, these charities are also helping to protect biodiversity hotspots that are home to countless species.Speaking of biodiversity, numerous conservation charities like the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), Conservation International, and the Nature Conservancy are working tirelessly to protect endangered plants and animals from extinction. They do this through a variety of means, such as establishing and maintaining nature reserves, fighting against poaching and the illegal wildlife trade, and promoting sustainable development practices in vulnerable ecosystems. Biodiversity is the backbone of all life onEarth, and losing more species could have catastrophic ripple effects, so the work of these organizations is absolutely vital.Many charities are also taking aim at pollution and waste issues that are damaging our air, water, and soil. Groups like the Ocean Conservancy organize massive beach and coastal cleanups to remove plastic pollution from marine environments. The Environmental Defense Fund advocates for stronger regulations and corporate responsibility around air pollution, toxic chemicals, and more. And organizations like Waste Aid are helping communities in developing countries establish better waste management systems. A cleaner, less polluted planet is better for all living creatures.Then there are the numerous charities focused on promoting sustainable energy solutions to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. Groups like the Solar Electric Light Fund are making solar power more accessible around the world. Others, like the American Wind Energy Association, are advancing wind farm development. And outfits like the Rocky Mountain Institute are doing crucial research and advocacy work to accelerate the overall transition to renewable energy sources. A shift away from dirty fossil fuels is one of the most important steps we can take to mitigate climate change.Beyond their direct environmental work, many charities are also making positive impacts by raising awareness, influencing policy, and educating the public. The Natural Resources Defense Council, for instance, develops science-based solutions and lobbies for stronger environmental laws and regulations. Greenpeace is well-known for its advocacy campaigns drawing attention to crucial issues like deforestation and Arctic drilling. And groups like the Sierra Club offer educational programs to empower people with the knowledge and skills to be better environmental stewards.What impresses me most about all of these organizations is their unwavering commitment to finding solutions that balance environmental protection with sustainable economic development and improving human wellbeing – especially in marginalized communities that are most vulnerable to environmental threats. From distributing clean cookstoves and water filters to fostering sustainable agriculture practices, many charities are tackling environmental issues through the lens of creating a healthier, more equitable world for all.On a more personal note, I've had the chance to get involved with some of these groups through volunteering and local projects, and it's been an incredibly rewarding experience. I'vehelped plant trees, picked up trash from parks and waterways, and educated my peers about environmental issues. It's empowering to feel like I'm taking tangible action and being part of the solution. I'm amazed by the passion and dedication of the people working for these causes.Of course, non-profit organizations alone can't solve all of our environmental problems – they need significant financial support, policy changes to create better incentives, and buy-in from individuals, corporations, and governments alike. But the work they do is absolutely crucial, and I'm inspired by their perseverance in the face of such daunting challenges. From mitigating climate change to protecting biodiversity to cleaning up pollution, environmental charities are making real, positive impacts that will benefit our planet for generations to come.As I look ahead to my future career, I can definitely see myself wanting to be involved with or support organizations doing this type of important work. Even if I don't end up working in the environmental field directly, I know I'll always strive to make sustainable, ethical choices that reduce my personal impact. The role that charities play shows that through passion, innovation, and collective action, we can start to turn the tide and build a better, healthier world for all. We all need to beenvironmental stewards and take care of our shared home – this beautiful, irreplaceable planet Earth.篇2The Positive Impact of Charities on Our PlanetAs a student, I've come to realize just how important charitable organizations are for creating positive change in the world. These non-profit groups are dedicated to addressing some of the most pressing issues facing humanity and the environment. From combating climate change and protecting endangered species to providing humanitarian aid and promoting education, charities are at the forefront of making our planet a better place.One area where charities are making a huge difference is in the fight against climate change and environmental degradation. Organizations like The Nature Conservancy, World Wildlife Fund, and Greenpeace are working tirelessly to preserve natural habitats, protect biodiversity, and promote sustainable practices. Their efforts include conserving forests, oceans, and other vital ecosystems that absorb carbon dioxide and provide homes for countless species.The Nature Conservancy, for instance, has protected more than 119 million acres of land and thousands of miles of rivers worldwide. By establishing nature preserves and working with communities, governments, and corporations, they safeguard these natural areas from development and exploitation. This not only protects the plants and animals that live there, but also helps mitigate climate change by preserving the earth's carbon sinks.Meanwhile, groups like Greenpeace take a more activist approach, raising awareness about environmental threats and pressuring governments and corporations to adopt greener policies. Their campaigns against deforestation, overfishing, and the use of fossil fuels have helped shape public opinion and drive meaningful change. Thanks to charities like these, renewable energy is becoming more widely adopted and wasteful industrial practices are being reined in.But charities aren't just focused on the environment – they're also working to create a more just, equitable, and peaceful world for all. Organizations such as UNICEF, Doctors Without Borders, and the International Rescue Committee provide vital aid and services to vulnerable communities affected by poverty, conflict, and natural disasters. In places torn apart by war or devastatedby famine, these charities offer food, clean water, medical care, and shelter to those most in need.UNICEF, for example, works in over 190 countries to ensure the rights and wellbeing of children everywhere. They provide life-saving nutrition, vaccines, education, and protection to kids in crisis zones. Just last year, UNICEF treated 4 million children for severe malnutrition and provided over 23 million children with formal or non-formal education opportunities. Their efforts are giving the next generation a fighting chance at a brighter future.Many charities are also on the frontlines of promoting human rights, social justice, and global development. Groups like Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and Oxfam International advocate for the rights of marginalized groups, expose injustices, and hold governments and corporations accountable. Their tireless work defending civil liberties, documenting abuses, and providing aid for development projects empowers oppressed peoples and gives voice to the voiceless.Oxfam's efforts to end global poverty, for instance, include providing clean water, sanitation, food security, and education to impoverished communities while also addressing the root causeslike inequality, injustice, and lack of opportunity. Thanks to their programs, millions have been lifted out of extreme poverty, given the tools to be self-sufficient, and seen their basic rights upheld.On top of all this vital work, charities are making the world more educated, creative, and culturally enriched. Groups devoted to the arts, education, scientific research, and the preservation of cultural heritage sites ensure that humanity's greatest achievements are protected and expanded upon. By running museums, schools, tutoring programs, and research initiatives, they foster knowledge, creativity, and cross-cultural understanding across the globe.An organization like Khan Academy, which provides free online education resources, has enabled over 100 million students around the world to access a quality education. Their comprehensive video lessons, practice exercises, and instructional materials across a vast range of subjects ensure that poverty, location, and other obstacles don't stand in the way of learning. Thanks to their efforts, young minds everywhere can reach their full potential.Overall, the positive impacts of charitable organizations span virtually every aspect of life on this planet – environmentally,socially, culturally, and intellectually. By tirelessly pursuing their missions, whether that's reforestation, human rights advocacy, disaster relief, or education accessibility, they are actively making the world kinder, greener, more just, and more knowledgeable.These impacts don't just improve human wellbeing, but the health of the entire planet as well. When charities succeed in their environmental efforts, it helps preserve biodiversity, mitigate climate change, and sustain vital ecosystems we all depend on. When they relieve human suffering through aid, promote equality, or provide opportunity through development programs, it lifts up communities and reduces strain on natural resources. And when they champion education, arts, and cultural heritage, it shapes a more conscientious, enlightened population that will be better stewards of the earth.As a student looking forward to my role as a future guardian of this planet, I'm incredibly grateful for and inspired by the work of charitable organizations. They represent humanity's caring, courageous, and brilliant side – our drive to make things better, to solve problems, and to create positive and lasting change. While there is still so much progress to be made, charities are vital forces leading the way toward a healthier, more peaceful, and more sustainable world for all.篇3The Positive Impact of Charitable Organizations on Our PlanetAs students, we are often encouraged to think about how our actions today can shape the world we will inherit tomorrow. One area where individual efforts can have a profound impact is through supporting charitable organizations working to protect the environment and promote sustainability. From combating climate change to preserving biodiversity, these nonprofits are on the front lines of some of the most pressing challenges facing our planet.At their core, environmental charities aim to safeguard the delicate ecosystems that sustain all life on Earth. Deforestation, pollution, habitat loss – these are just some of the threats they battle daily through advocacy, education, and direct action. Organizations like The Nature Conservancy and World Wildlife Fund work tirelessly to establish and maintain protected areas where flora and fauna can thrive unmolested. Their efforts ensure that future generations can experience the wonder and majesty of nature.But the work of green charities extends far beyond simply roping off swaths of pristine wilderness. They also tackle complex issues like sustainable development, renewable energy, and environmental justice. Charities like the Sierra Club and are powerful voices demanding that governments and corporations take concrete steps to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to clean energy sources. In doing so, they hope to mitigate the most catastrophic impacts of climate change, which disproportionately affect marginalized communities.On a more local level, urban environmental groups like The Trust for Public Land create green spaces and community gardens in underserved areas. Not only do these initiatives improve air quality and provide cooling effects, but they foster a deeper connection between city residents and the natural world. Experiencing nature's restorative benefits firsthand can inspire eco-conscious mindsets from an early age.The conservation efforts of wildlife charities have scored many victories in recent decades. Perhaps their greatest achievement was the global ban on commercial whaling enacted in the 1980s, which allowed many whale populations to start recovering from the brink of extinction. More recently,organizations like the International Rhino Foundation have celebrated a hard-won uptick in the population of the endangered black rhino. Success stories like these underscore how grassroots activism can produce tangible results.However, the battle is far from over. Each year, thousands of species are lost to mass extinction, primarily driven by human activity and climate change. Already, over a million plant and animal species face heightened extinction risk. Charities like the Rainforest Trust work feverishly to protect biodiversity hotspots – areas densely packed with endangered species found nowhere else on Earth. By purchasing and maintaining sanctuaries in these critical habitats, they create vital lifelines for countless species teetering on the edge.Many green charities have also embraced innovative technologies as powerful new tools for environmental advocacy. Global Forest Watch, for instance, uses satellite data and remote sensing to monitor global forests in unprecedented detail, equipping stakeholders with real-time knowledge to combat deforestation. Advances in renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, and green chemistry, spearheaded by research institutions like the Rocky Mountain Institute, offer pathways toward a more eco-friendly future.On an individual level, we can all play a role in supporting the vital work of environmental nonprofits. Something as simple as a modest monthly donation or volunteering for local habitat restoration projects can make a meaningful difference. We should also advocate for policies that provide financial incentives and government funding for green initiatives led by charities. Ultimately, we must view these organizations not as fringe activists, but as indispensable partners in ensuring the continued habitability of our shared planet.As students representing the next generation of leaders, scientists, policymakers and engaged citizens, we have an obligation to embrace environmental stewardship. The challenges are daunting – biodiversity loss, resource depletion, climate chaos. But the work of charitable organizations shows that positive change is possible when we harness human ingenuity and collective will. We may not be able to undo all the damage wrought by centuries of short-sighted behavior, but we can certainly mitigate future harm and build a more sustainable world.In the end, safeguarding the environment is about more than just preserving the aesthetic beauty of nature, as profound as that imperative may be. It is about guaranteeing the basicpreconditions for human life to flourish long into the future –clean air and water, arable soil, stable climatic patterns, thriving biodiversity. The organizations on the front lines of this fight deserve not just our admiration, but our steadfast support. For only by joining forces with these charities can we discharge our sacred duty as stewards of the Earth and leave a verdant planet for posterity.。

上海前滩的英文介绍Qian Tan, also known as "Front Shore" in English, is a new urban district in Pudong, Shanghai, China. It is located on the northern bank of the Huangpu River, across from the iconic Shanghai Tower and the future site of the World Financial Center.Qian Tan is a mixed-use development that combines residential, commercial, cultural, and recreational spaces. It is designed to be a sustainable and environmentally friendly community, with a focus on green spaces, public transportation, and energy efficiency.The area is home to a number of notable landmarks, including the Crystal Palace, a massive glass and steel structure that serves as a cultural and exhibition center, and the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum, one of the largest science museums in the country.Qian Tan is also a popular destination for shoppers, with a number of high-end malls and department stores, including the IFC Mall and the Mall of Shanghai.In summary, Qian Tan is a vibrant and modern part of Shanghai, combining the best of urban living with a focus on sustainability and environmental responsibility. It is a symbol of Shanghai's continued growth and development as a global city.。

小学上册英语第二单元测验卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I enjoy learning about ______ in geography class.2.The _____ (果蔬) are healthy.3.We will have a ________ (聚会) for Christmas.4.What do you call a large, slow-moving animal with a shell?A. TortoiseB. TurtleC. SnailD. ArmadilloA5.What is the capital of Greece?A. AthensB. RomeC. CairoD. IstanbulA6.The __________ (历史的流动) marks progress.7.The flamingo stands on one _______ (腿) while sleeping.8.The __________ (历史的成就展示) celebrate human ingenuity.9.How many minutes are in an hour?A. 60B. 50C. 70D. 80A10.What is the capital of Norway?A. OsloB. BergenC. StavangerD. Trondheim11. A _______ is a reaction that occurs in the soil.12.My favorite stuffed animal is a ________ (小熊), and I hug it every night when I go to ________ (睡觉).13.My favorite dessert is ________ (冰淇淋). I like it with ________ (巧克力酱).14.What do you call the act of removing trees from a forest?A. PlantingB. LoggingC. HarvestingD. Clearing15.I admire my parents for ____.16.What do you call a person who plays the piano?A. PianistB. SingerC. ComposerD. MusicianA17.The discovery of ________ has had wide-ranging impacts on industry.18.The city of Tbilisi is the capital of _______.19.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "Born This Way"?A. Katy PerryB. Lady GagaC. RihannaD. Taylor SwiftB20.The sun sets in the ______ (west).21.The athlete is very _____ (勤奋) and practices every day.22.What is the name of the famous theme park in California?A. DisneylandB. Universal StudiosC. SeaWorldD. Legoland23.In _____ (印度尼西亚), Bali is a popular tourist destination.24.The garden is full of beautiful _______ (花园里满是美丽的_______).25.The butterfly emerges from its _____.26.How many sides does a square have?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveD. Six27.The Earth's surface is shaped by both internal and ______ processes.28.What do you call the process of water turning into ice?A. FreezingB. BoilingC. MeltingD. EvaporatingA29.What do we call a sweet drink made from tea and milk?A. ChaiB. Bubble TeaC. Iced TeaD. All of the above30.The artist uses _____ (材料) like clay and paint.31.She is wearing a pretty ___. (headband)32.Which of these animals is a reptile?A. FrogB. LizardC. FishD. BirdB33. A process that separates mixtures is called ______.34. A noble gas is unreactive due to its full _____.35.I saw a _______ (小鲸鱼) swimming in the ocean.36.My mom encourages me to be __________ (积极的).37.My favorite memory from last year was _______ (去旅行).38.The ancient Romans created a sophisticated system of _____.39.What do we call a person who travels to space?A. CosmonautB. AstronautC. PilotD. EngineerB40.I want to ___ a new bike. (buy)41. A ____ can often be found resting in the shade on hot days.42. A _______ can be used to measure the speed of a moving vehicle.43.The _______ (The French Revolution) overthrew the monarchy and established a republic.44.The _______ (松鼠) collects acorns.45.What is the term for the study of living organisms?A. BiologyB. ChemistryC. PhysicsD. GeologyA46.My brother is a __________ (发明家).47.What is the name of the famous fictional character who lives in a pineapple under the sea?A. SpongeBob SquarePantsB. Patrick StarC. Squidward TentaclesD. Mr. Krabs48.The ________ was a famous leader during the American Civil War.49.htenment thinkers challenged traditional ________ (权威). The Enli50.I enjoy _____ with my friends. (playing)51.I play video games with my ____.52.The _______ can be a source of inspiration for artists.53.The ______ grows in forests.54.The ancient Greeks celebrated ________ as a tribute to their deities.55.What do we call the study of ancient cultures?A. ArchaeologyB. AnthropologyC. HistoryD. SociologyA56. A flamingo stands on one leg to help ______ (保持平衡).57.The _______ can help create a relaxing environment.58. A _____ (植物管理) plan can optimize resources and efforts.59.Which animal is known as man's best friend?A. CatB. DogC. BirdD. Fish60.My sister plays the ______. (piano)61.The Great Wall of China was built to:A. Keep out animalsB. Protect against invasionsC. Mark boundariesD. Serve as a roadB62.What do we call the largest land animal?A. GiraffeB. ElephantC. RhinoD. HippopotamusB Elephant63.What do you call the sound a dog makes?A. MeowB. BarkC. RoarD. MooB64.The ________ (生态系统服务提升) supports life.65.fossil) found in rocks gives clues about Earth's past. The ____66.The __________ (历史的并行) highlights different experiences.67.The dog is very ___ (friendly).68.The leaves of some plants are edible and can be used in ______. (某些植物的叶子是可食用的，可以用在烹饪中。

The Formation of Volcanic IslandsEarth’s surface is not made up of a single sheet of rock that forms a crust but rather a number of “tectonic plates” that fit closely, like the pieces of a giant jigsaw puzzle. Some plates carry islands or continents others form the seafloor. All are slowly moving because the plates float on a denser semi-liquid mantle, the layer between the crust and Earth’s core. The plates have edges that are spreading ri dges (where two plates are moving apart and new seafloor is being created), subduction zones (where two plates collide and one plunges beneath the other), or transform faults (where two plates neither converge nor diverge but merely move past one another). It is at the boundaries between plates that most of Earth’s volcanism and earthquake activity occur.Generally speaking, the interiors of plates are geologically uneventful. However, there are exceptions. A glance at a map of the Pacific Ocean reveals that there are many islands far out at sea that are actually volcanoes----many no longer active, some overgrown with coral----that originated from activity at points in the interior of the Pacific Plate that forms the Pacific seafloor.How can volcanic activity occur so far from a plate boundary? The Hawaiian Islands provide a very instructive answer. Like many other island groups, they form a chain. The Hawaiian Islands Chain extends northwest from the island of Hawaii. In the 1840s American geologist James Daly observed that the different Hawaii islands seem to share a similar geologic evolution but are progressively more eroded, and therefore probable older, toward the northwest. Then in 1963, in the early days of the development of the theory of plate tectonics. Canadian geophysicist Tuzo Wilson realized that this age progression could result if the islands were formed on a surface plate moving over a fixed volcanic source in the interior. Wilson suggested that the long chain of volcanoes stretching northwest from Hawaii is simply the surface expression of a long-lived volcanic source located beneath the tectonic plate in the mantle. Today’s most northwest island would have been the first to form. They as the plate moved slowly northwest, new volcanic islands would have forms as the plate moved over the volcanic source. The most recent island, Hawaii, would be at the end of the chain and is now over the volcanic source.Although this idea was not immediately accepted, the dating of lavas in the Hawaii (and other) chains showed that their ages increase away from the presently active volcano, just as Daly had suggested. Wilson’s analysis of these data is now a central part of plate tectonics. Most volcanoes that occur in the interiors of plates are believed to be produced by mantle plumes, columns of molten rock that rise from deep within the mantle. A volcano remains an active “hot spot” as long as it is over the plume. The plumes apparently originate at great depths, perhaps as deep as the boundary between the core and the mantle, and many have been active for a very long time. The oldest volcanoes in the Hawaii hot-spot trail have ages close to 80 million years. Other islands, including Tahiti and Easter Islands in the pacific, Reunion and Mauritius in the In dia Ocean, and indeed most of the large islands in the world’s oceans, owe their existence to mantle plumes.The oceanic volcanic islands and their hot-spot trails are thus especially useful for geologist because they record the past locations of the plate over a fixed source. They therefore permit the reconstruction of the process of seafloor spreading, and consequently of the geography of continents and of ocean basins in the past. For example, given the current position of the Pacific Plate, Hawaii is above the Pacific Ocean hot spot. So the position of The Pacific Plate 50 million years ago can be determined by moving it such that a 50-million-year-oil volcano in the hot-spot trail sits at the location of Hawaii today. However because the ocean basins really are short-lived features on geologic times scale, reconstruction the world’s geography by backtracking along the hot-spot trail works only for the last 5 percent or so of geologic time.Paragraph 1: Earth’s surface is not made up of a single shee t of rock that forms a crust but rather a number of “tectonic plates” that fit closely, like the pieces of a gain jigsaw puzzle. Some plates carry islands or continents, others form the seafloor. All are slowly moving because the plates float on a denser sem-iliquid mantle, the layer between the crust and Earth’s core. The plates have edges that are spreading ridgescollide and one plunges beneath the other), or transform faults (where two plates nor diverge but merely move past one another). It is at the boundaries between plates that most of Earth’s volcanism and earthquake activity occur.1.The author mentions “spreading ridges”, “subduction zones”, and “transform faults” in order toO illustrate that the boundaries of tectonic plates are neat, thin linesO explain why some tectonic plates carry islands or continents while others form the seafloorO explain the complex nature of the edges of tectonic platesO provide examples of areas of tectonic plates where little geologic action occursO expandO formO riseO move closer3.which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information O Volcanic activity is responsible for the formation of the Pacific seafloor in the interior of the Pacific Plate.O Many volcanoes in the Pacific Ocean are no longer active and have become islands that supportcoral.O There are many islands in the Pacific Ocean that originated as volcanoes in the interior of the Pacific Plate.O The map of the Pacific Ocean reveals fewer volcanic islands than there truly are because many are no longer active and some are completely overgrown with coral.volcanic activity occur so far from a plate boundary? The Hawaiian islandsChain extends northwest from the island of Hawaii. In the 1840s American geologist James Daly observed that the different Hawaii islands seem to share a similar geologic evolution but are progressively moreand therefore probable older, toward the northwest. Then in 1963, in the early days of the development of the theory of plate tectonics. Canadian geophysicist Tuzo Wilson realized that this age progression could result if the islands were formed on a surface plate moving over a fixed volcanic source in the interior. Wilson suggested that the long chain of volcanoes stretching northwest from Hawaii is simply the surface expression of a long-lived volcanic source located beneath the tectonic plate in the mantle. Today’s most northwest island would have been the first to form. They as the plate moved slowly northwest, new volcanic islands would have forms as the plate moved over the volcanic source. The most recent island, Hawaii, would be at the end of the chain and is now over the volcanic source.O clearO detailedO informativeO familiarO worm downO scatteredO developedO deserted6.In paragraph 3, what is the relationship between the scientific contribution of James Daly and Tuzo Wilson?O Wilson provided an explanation for the observations made by Daly.O Wilson challenged the theory proposed by Daly.O Wilson found numerous examples of island chains that supported Daly’s theory.O Wilson popularized the explanation of volcanic island formation formulated by Daly.Paragraph 4: Although this idea was not immediately accepted, the dating of lavas in the Hawaii (and other) chains showed that their ages increase away from the presently active volcano, just as Daly had suggested. Wilson’s analysis of these data is now a central part of plate tectonics. Most volcanoes thatoccur in the interiors of plates are believed to be produced by mantle plumes, columns of molten rock that rise from deep within the mantle. A volcano remains an active “hot spot” as long as it is over t he plume. The plumes apparently originate at great depths, perhaps as deep as the boundary between the core and the mantle, and many have been active for a very long time. The oldest volcanoes in the Hawaii hot-spot trail have ages close to 80 million years. Other islands, including Tahiti and Easter Islands in the pacific, Reunion and Mauritius in the India Ocean, and indeed most of the large islands in the world’s oceans, owe their existence to mantle plumes.7.Why does the author provide the informatio n that “the dating of lavas in the Hawaii (and other) chains showed that their ages increase away from the presently active volcano”?O To point out differences between the Hawaii island chain and other volcanic island chainsO To question the idea that all the islands in an island chain have been formed by volcanic activity O To explain why Wilson hypothesis was initially difficult to acceptO To provide evidence in support of Daly’s and Wilson’s ideas about how the Hawaii islands were formed8.According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true of mantle plumesO They exist close to the surface of tectonic plates.O They cause most of the volcanic activity that occurs in the interiors of plates.O They are rarely active for long period of time.O They get increasingly older away from the present hot spots.Paragraph 5: The oceanic volcanic islands and their hot-spot trails are thus especially useful for geologist because they record the past locations of the plate over a fixed source. They therefore permit thePacific Ocean hot spot. So the position of The Pacific Plate 50 million years ago can be determined by moving it such that a 50-million-year-oil volcano in the hot-spot trail sits at the location of Hawaii today. However because the ocean basins really are short-lived features on geologic times scale, reconstruction the world’s geography by backtracking along the hot-spot trail works only for the last 5 percent or so of geologic time.9.According to paragraph 5, volcanic islands help geologists toO reconstruct past geographyO detect changes in mantle plumesO measure the rigidity of tectonic platesO explain why the seafloor spreads10.What can be inferred about the Pacific Plate from paragraph 5?O The hot spots on the Pacific Plate are much older than the ones located on the other tectonic plates.O Most of the volcanic sources beneath the Pacific Plate have become extinct.O The Pacific Plate has moved a distance equal to the length of the Hawaiian Island chain in the past 80 million years.O The Pacific Plate is located above fewer mantle plumes than other plates are.O originalO idealO relativeO present12.According to paragraph 5, why are geologists unable to trace back the entire geologic of continents from hot-spot trails?O Hot spots have existed for only about 5 percent of geologic time.O Hawaii did not exist 50 millions years ago.O Oceanic basins that contained old hot-spot trails disappeared a long time ago.O Hot-spot trails can be reconstructed only for island chains.Paragraph 3: How can volcanic activity occur so far from a plate boundary? The Hawaiian islands provide a very instructive answer. ■Like many other island groups, they form a chain. ■The Hawaiian Islands Chain extends northwest from the island of Hawaii. ■In the 1840s American geologist James Daly observed that the different Hawaii islands seem to share a similar geologic evolution but are progressively more eroded, and therefore probable older, toward the northwest. ■Then in 1963, in the early days of the development of the theory of plate tectonics. Canadian geophysicist Tuzo Wilson realized that this age progression could result if the islands were formed on a surface plate moving over a fixed volcanic source in the interior. Wilson suggested that the long chain of volcanoes stretching northwest from Hawaii is simply the surface expression of a long-lived volcanic source located beneath the tectonic plate in the mantle. Today’s most northwest island would have been the first to form. They as the plate moved slowly northwest, new volcanic islands would have forms as the plate moved over the volcanic source. The most recent island, Hawaii, would be at the end of the chain and is now over the volcanic source.13.Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.This pattern remained unexplained for a long time.Where would the sentence best fit?14 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Although volcanic activity is concentrated on the edge of tectonic plates, such activity can occur in the interiors of plates as well.Answer Choices●●●O Our understanding of islands comes from Daly’s and Wilson’s observations of the Hawaiian Islands, which was later confirmed by plate-tectonic theory.O The hot-spot trails formed by volcanic island chains indicate the positions of tectonic plates as for back as the present ocean basins have existed.O Whereas volcanic islands formed by mantle plumes are typically small, most of the world’s largest islands are formed at the edges of tectonic plates.O It has only recently been discovered that tectonic plates are closely fitting rather than loosely constructed, as geologist previously believed.O Volcanic island chains such as the Hawaiian Islands form in the interior of a tectonic plate as the plate moves over a fixed volcanic source in the mantle.O The Pacific Plate has existed for as long as the Hawaiian Islands have existed, namely for more than 80 million years.参考答案1.○32.○43.○34.○35.○16.○17.○48.○29.○110.○311.○412.○313.○414. Our understanding of islands comes…Whereas volcanic islands…It has only recently been…。

1. What is the full name of the .?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect.She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election? ----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s? ----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employmentopportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom? ----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost . the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing . relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocatedfree trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the . constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a . citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a . citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the . as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used . power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The . Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. TheReagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。

2023年江苏省学位英语考试真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇12023 Jiangsu Province Academic English Test QuestionsPart I: Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: In this part, there are four passages followed by questions or incomplete statements. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question or complete the statement as requested.Passage 1Isaac Newton, one of the most famous physicists in history, conducted multiple experiments to study the properties of light. He conducted his most famous experiment, the dual slit experiment, as a way of understanding the nature of light. This experiment helped to establish the wave theory of light and laid the foundation for the field of optics.1. According to the passage, what experiment did Isaac Newton conduct to study the properties of light?A. The theory of relativity experimentB. The dual slit experimentC. The gravity experimentD. The magnetism experiment2. What did the dual slit experiment help to establish?A. The particle theory of lightB. The wave theory of lightC. The theory of relativityD. The quantum theory of lightPassage 2Climate change is a pressing issue for our planet, and many scientists and researchers are working to find solutions to combat it. One proposed solution is to switch to renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower. By reducing our reliance on fossil fuels, we can reduce carbon emissions and slow down the rate of global warming.3. What is a proposed solution to combat climate change?A. Increasing the use of fossil fuelsB. Switching to renewable energy sourcesC. Cutting down trees to reduce carbon emissionsD. Ignoring the problem of climate change4. How can switching to renewable energy sources help combat climate change?A. By increasing carbon emissionsB. By reducing carbon emissionsC. By causing more global warmingD. By contributing to the problem of climate changePart II: Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)Directions: There are fifteen incomplete statements in this part, each followed by four options marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the statement.5. The new shopping mall is much larger than the ________ one.A. oldB. oldestC. olderD. oldest6. Maya Angelou was an influential ________, poet, and civil rights activist.A. actorB. actressC. authorD. athlete7. I need to ________for my exam tomorrow, so I can't go out tonight.A. learnedB. learnedC. to learnD. learn8. The book was so ________ that I read it in one sitting.A. interestB. interestedC. interestingD. interests9. I have been ________ in photography since I was a child.A. interestB. interestingC. interestedD. interests10. Success in life often depends on having a strong ________ and not giving up easily.A. persistenceB. persistencyC. persistentD. persistentlyPart III: Writing (30 points)Directions: Write an essay on the topic of "The Importance of Education in Modern Society." Your essay should be around 300 words and cover the following points:- The role of education in personal development- The impact of education on society- The benefits of a well-educated population- Your own perspective on the importance of educationRemember to use clear and cohesive arguments in your essay.This concludes the 2023 Jiangsu Province Academic English Test. Thank you for participating and good luck!篇22023 Jiangsu Province College English Test (CET) Test PaperPart I Reading Comprehension (40 points)Directions: There are four reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The average person might assume the famous sanctuary of Abu Simbel in Egypt has always been in the same location. But in 1960, a major project was undertaken to move the entire temple complex to higher ground when it was threatened by rising water levels caused by the construction of the Aswan High Dam.1. How did the rising water levels threaten the sanctuary of Abu Simbel?A. By causing flooding in the surrounding area.B. By destroying the temple complex.C. By contaminating the nearby Nile River.D. By increasing the humidity levels in the region.2. Why was the Aswan High Dam constructed?A. To increase agricultural production.B. To control flooding in the region.C. To generate hydroelectric power.D. To provide clean drinking water.3. What was the main goal of moving the sanctuary of Abu Simbel to higher ground?A. To increase tourism to the region.B. To improve the structural stability of the complex.C. To protect the temple from future flooding.D. To provide better access for researchers.4. What year was the project to move the temple complex completed?A. 1950B. 1960C. 1970D. 19805. Which of the following best describes the sanctuary of Abu Simbel?A. A famous Egyptian port city.B. A temple complex dedicated to the sun god Ra.C. A UNESCO World Heritage Site.D. An important trade route in ancient times.Passage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.Over the past few decades, the world has seen a rapid increase in the number of people choosing to live alone. This trend, known as solo living, is reshaping societies and changing the way individuals interact with one another.6. What is solo living?A. Living independently without roommates.B. Living in a rural or remote area.C. Living with extended family members.D. Living in a shared community.7. Which of the following is a consequence of solo living?A. Increased social interaction.B. Decreased sense of autonomy.C. Greater demand for housing.D. Decreased feelings of loneliness.8. According to the passage, what impact has solo living had on societies?A. It has led to increased social cohesion.B. It has caused a decline in traditional family structures.C. It has increased the number of multi-generational households.D. It has had no effect on social interactions.9. Why do some people choose to live alone?A. Because they prefer solitude.B. Because they cannot afford housing.C. Because they have difficulties interacting with others.D. Because they enjoy the independence and freedom it provides.10. How has solo living changed the way individuals interact with one another?A. It has led to increased social isolation.B. It has encouraged more face-to-face interactions.C. It has promoted a sense of community among neighbors.D. It has led to a decrease in the number of friendships.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (20 points)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your choice on the answer sheet.11. The committee ______________ the decision until the next meeting.A. delayB. is delayingC. will delayD. has delayed12. She doesn't mind ____________ a little extra work if it means she can get a promotion.A. to doB. doingC. doesD. do13. In many cultures, it is customary for people to____________ gifts to show appreciation.A. exchangingB. being exchangedC. exchangeD. have exchanged14. If you don't know the meaning of a word, you can look it ____________ in the dictionary.A. upB. forC. outD. on15. The company's profits have ____________ significantly over the past year.A. arisenB. increasedC. enlargedD. advanced16. Lisa was accepted to her dream university, ____________ was a great achievement for her.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who17. The building was evacuated ____________ the fire alarm went off.A. whenB. beforeC. afterD. while18. The meeting won't take place ____________ everyone has arrived.A. unlessB. untilC. sinceD. while19. The team members ____________ to the project's success were recognized at the award ceremony.A. contributeB. they contributedC. who contributedD. contributing20. The company ____________ a new policy to improve employee satisfaction.A. implementsB. is implementingC. was implementingD. will implementPart III Cloze Test (15 points)Directions: There are 15 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word that best fits the context and mark your choice on the answer sheet.In recent years, the use of technology in education has (21) ____________ significantly. From online courses to interactive learning platforms, students have access to a wide range of tools that can enhance their (22) ____________ experience. However, while technology can be a powerful (23) ____________ for learning, it also comes with its own set of challenges.One of the key (24) ____________ of using technology in education is the potential for distraction. With the constant (25) ____________ of notifications and messages on smartphones and other devices, students may find it difficult to focus on their studies. Additionally, the internet can be a (26) ____________ of both useful information and misinformation, making it importantfor students to develop critical thinking skills to (27) ____________ fact from fiction.Another challenge of using technology in education is the (28) ____________ of access. While many students have access to computers and the internet, there are still (29) ____________ who do not have reliable internet connections or devices. This can create a (30) ____________ in learning opportunities, as students without access to technology may be at a disadvantage compared to their peers.Despite these challenges, technology has the potential to (31) ____________ the way we teach and learn. By integrating technology into the classroom, educators can create more (32) ____________ and engaging learning experiences for students. Additionally, technology can help (33) ____________ barriers to education by making learning more accessible to students from diverse backgrounds.As technology continues to (34) ____________ at a rapid pace, it is important for educators to stay (35) ____________ about new tools and trends in order to effectively integrate technology into their teaching practices.Part IV Writing (25 points)Directions: Write an essay of about 200 words on the following topic.The Impact of Social Media on SocietyWith the rise of social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, the way people communicate and interact with one another has dramatically changed. In your essay, discuss the positive and negative impacts of social media on society. Provide examples to support your argument and explain how individuals can navigate the challenges of using social media in a responsible manner.Overall, the 2023 Jiangsu Province College English Test (CET) provides students with a comprehensive assessment of their reading comprehension, vocabulary, grammar, and writing skills. By successfully completing this test, students can demonstrate their proficiency in the English language and enhance their academic and professional opportunities. Good luck to alltest-takers!篇32023 Jiangsu Provincial Degree English ExamPart I Listening Comprehension (30 points)Section A (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A) She’s too busy.B) She’s feeling unwell.C) She has an appointment.D) She’s going out.2. A) The man is better at answering assignment questions.B) The woman is not sure about his textbook.C) The man and woman are discussing a course project.D) The woman should read the textbook for an answer.3. A) There’s a train at eleven-fifteen.B) The woman can use the first train.C) The man is taking a plane.D) The man thinks the train is late.4. A) The woman wants to go to London.B) The woman wants to renew her passport.C) The man can’t go with the w oman.D) The woman should have her passport renewed.5. A) 12:30.B) 1:00.C) 1:30.D) 2:00.6. A) Buy a ticket.B) Rent a car.C) Catch a taxi.D) Take a bus.7. A) The pictures of New York are interesting.B) The man is interested in visiting New York.C) The temperature in New York is very low.D) The man should visit New York downtown.8. A) She has brought some food with her.B) John’s friend has arrived.C) She knows John well.D) She doesn’t want to have breakfast now.9. A) The woman should go to another restaurant.B) The restaurant is closed.C) The woman should cancel the reservation.D) The service at the restaurant is excellent.10. A) Borrow some money.B) Lend some money.C) Open a bank account.D) Get some coins.Section B (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage One11. A) Training in everyday communication.B) How to handle a certain system.C) Communicating with clients.D) Communication in a specific job situation.12. A) It’s mainly about communicating with colleagues.B) It focuses on customer service.C) It involves professional communication.D) It’s about written communication only.13. A) How to communicate with seniors.B) Writing skills needed in almost all jobs.C) Communication skills necessary in the workplace.D) What to include in an email.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) Becoming a member.B) Taking part in elections.C) Leading a party.D) Casting a vote.15. A) It was set up a long time ago.B) They were established quite recently.C) It was started by Allinon Allati.D) He has no information about them.16. A) A constellation.B) A religious reformer.C) A political party.D) A local election.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) They realized that people should have the same dreams.B) They decided that the dreaming was a part of the brain.C) They hoped someday to understand every part of dreaming.D) They analyzed others’ recorded dreams to better understand.18. A) Her broken heart could be cured by her friend.B) Her tragic love should be kept secret from everyone.C) Her friend helped her in keeping the love in her dream.D) She was given a new love after forgetting the old one.19. A) Dreams may help strengthen memory.B) The active brain during dreaming may benefit a person.C) The brain’s energy is increased during dre ams.D) Dreams may help solve problems.20. A) They were interested in the memories caused by dreams.B) They didn’t understand that everything was complicated.C) They found people remember their dreams every night.D) They realized dreaming is a little bit of a mystery.Section C (10 points)Directions: In this section, you will hear 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear some questions. Both the conversation and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the Centre.Conversation One21. A) To discuss their English exam.B) To chat about their schoolwork.C) To talk about job applications.D) To meet for the first time.22. A) I haven’t heard.B) I’m pretty sure.C) I don’t know.D) I couldn’t say.23. A) They will go shopping.B) They are going to prepare for the trip.C) They don’t know where they will go.D) They are heading to the train station. Conversation two24. A) She is very busy.B) She has a meeting.C) She will be taking a test.D) She will sleep in.25. A) Picking up batteries.B) Buying food.C) Shopping for clothes.D) Getting electrical equipment.26. A) It’s not a big project.B) She knows the project.C) The project has urgent deadlines.D) It’s a project about cooking.27. A) Busy.B) Upset.C) Afraid.D) Excited.28. A) 15 hours or so.B) A few days.C) A week.D) A month.Part II Reading Comprehension (40 points)Questions 29 to 34 are based on the following passage.Breathing WallsImagine having walls in your house that look like any regular wall, but are capable of changing color, heating and cooling houses, and even lighting up in response to the environment. This is not something out of a science fiction novel–it's reality. “Given the cost of other things in a house, the cost of improving the walls is relatively small but the impact is big,”says Fernando Branco, a professor in the university's Department of Architecture.In Branco's lab, one room is used for large-scale experiments on how to make buildings more efficient and comfortable, bothto live and to work in. The most innovative project in the lab is the WALLS (Wireless Sensor Network for Adaptive Lighting and control of Shades) project. The walls are made up of layers of painted steel which, despite being painted, allow radio waves to pass through the walls also. Chip-sized sensors are placed at different points to collect data on things like temperature and noise levels, and pass it wirelessly to a computer. The data is then translated into actions, such as turning up the heat or making a wall transparent. "I believe that future buildings will be perceptive," says Branco.Builders say the digital walls' energy saving potential will appeal cities wishing to use less power, stores wanting to cut down on their heating costs, and flights-observing homeowners. Walls will be able to adjust color, allowing them to fit in with a surrounding landscape, an example being the wall's ability to greet visitors by lighting up when they ring the doorbell. “The idea is to create surfaces that can interact, sense and respond,” says Branco.29. Fernando Branco believes improving walls in homes is a project that[A] costs little but achieves a lot.[B] requires a lot of money but has a little impact.[C] has large-scale experiments.[D] is essential for every home.30. What do we learn about the WALLS project?[A] Walls can change their shape.[B] Painted steel walls allow light to pass through.[C] Chip-sized sensors are attached only to the outer walls.[D] Sensors are used to collect data and control the walls.31. According to Branco, buildings in the future[A] are able to make decisions.[B] may respond to changes in the environment.[C] cannot make themselves comfortable.[D] need no human control.32. The energy saving potential of digital walls is particularly appealing to[A] big power companies.[B] tech stores.[C] homeowners.[D] city planners.33. How might a wall greet a visitor in the future?[A] By broadcasting a welcome message.[B] By telling the visitor to leave.[C] By lighting up when visitors approach.[D] By making the doorbell ring with music.34. What does Branco hope to achieve through the digital walls?[A] Walls that respond to commands.[B] Surfaces that can interact with the surrounding environment.[C] Surfaces that do not need to be controlled by people.[D] Walls that do not require any maintenance.Questions 35 to 46 are based on the following passage.A “new” kind of large-scale family unit has been identified at Duke University—not a book club group, but a group of students and their parents who live close together in the same town. According to researchers, the existence of thesetown-dwelling families’ comes as a surprise to most–but to theuniversity, it is now well established that students and their families share many dimensions of life while remaining in close proximity.While predictably mother and father have a definite effect on the student’s academic performance, the extent of the effect of parents, the number of years lived together as a family and the changing number of people living in a household are the most significant factors, researchers have found.The 566 students and their parents involved in the study ranged from first-year students to seniors within the university. The study found that the growing sense of the family’s effect on academics was linked to the increased number of years living together and the growing distance between the student’s residence and the university. The mother and father's level of education and their placements at the university, too, were added to the sense of family influence.The study predicts that the change in where a student resides will have an effect on their academic performance. Increasingly social media, entertainment companies, and even parents continue to offer direct instruction and advice along with the presence of a shared space between the student and parents in university towns, the study found.【参考译文】城镇住宿的家庭之所以能够为大学所接受，除了母亲和父亲对学生成绩的明显影响外，家庭作用的程度、家庭共同生活的年限和家庭成员人数的变化是研究人员发现的最重要因素。

小学上册英语第6单元测验试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I can _____ my shoes by myself. (put on)2.I have a toy ______ (汽车). It goes very ______ (快).3.What is the name of the famous American holiday celebrated on the first Monday of September?A. Labor DayB. Memorial DayC. Independence DayD. ThanksgivingA4.What do you call a sweet, baked treat made with eggs and sugar?A. MeringueB. SouffléC. FlanD. All of the aboveD5.The __________ (历史的平衡) requires multiple viewpoints.6.What do you call a person who travels into space?A. PilotB. AstronautC. ScientistD. Engineer7.The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is _______.8.What is the name of the famous physicist who discovered the law of gravity?A. Albert EinsteinB. Isaac NewtonC. Galileo GalileiD. Nikola TeslaB9.The _______ of an element represents its ability to react with other substances.10.I want to _______ (学习) how to garden.11.We have a _____ (家庭) dinner.12.Which fruit is yellow and curved?A. AppleB. BananaC. OrangeD. Grape13.I have a _____ (pen/pencil) in my backpack.14.The chemical formula for potassium carbonate is _____.15.What is the main ingredient in sushi?A. FishB. RiceC. SeaweedD. VegetablesB16.The capital of Niger is ________ (尼亚美).17.The _____ (carnivorous) plants trap insects for nutrients.18.What is the name of the famous Italian artist who painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel?A. Leonardo da VinciB. MichelangeloC. RaphaelD. DonatelloB19.My favorite dish is ______ (咖喱).20.The _______ of an element tells us its position on the periodic table.21. (acorn) is the seed of an oak tree. The ____22.The ancient Egyptians built _______ to serve as tombs for their leaders. (金字塔)23.The ________ was a significant period in the history of political thought.24.The _______ of sound can vary in different spaces and environments.25.The ________ likes to stay warm.26. A solution that does not conduct electricity is called a ______ solution.27.The bear is a ______ (大型) animal found in forests.28.The flowers are ___. (colorful)29.Certain plants can _____ (繁殖) quickly in warm weather.30.The movie is very ___ (funny/sad).31.My house has _______ (two/three) bedrooms.32.What do we call a group of fish?A. SchoolB. PackC. FlockD. SwarmA33.The chemical formula for potassium nitrate is _______.34.What do you wear to keep warm in winter?A. ShortsB. T-shirtC. CoatD. SandalsC Coat35.What is the capital of Georgia?A. TbilisiB. BatumiC. KutaisiD. Rustavi36.What do we call a young female goat?A. KidB. LambC. CalfD. FoalA37.What is the most common gas in the Earth's atmosphere?A. OxygenB. NitrogenC. Carbon DioxideD. Argon38. A fossil fuel is formed from the remains of ancient ______.39. A chemical that can release hydrogen ions in a solution is an ______.40.Plants need _____ (养分) from the soil to flourish.41. A ferret can be quite ______ (顽皮) and energetic.42. A _______ can be a fun hobby for families.43.An acid has a ________ taste and turns blue litmus paper red.44.The rain is ___. (pouring)45.The turtle is known for its _______ (耐心).46.Certain plants can ______ (促进) health and well-being.47.The lunch is ___. (ready)48.My cat loves to play with _______ (纸球).49.What is 8 2?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8B50.The children are ________ in the playground.51.The Himalayas were formed by the collision of two tectonic ______.52.When you push an object, you apply ______.53.Many plants have ______ that attract bees and butterflies. (许多植物有吸引蜜蜂和蝴蝶的特征。

上海建筑英文介绍Shanghai, known as the "Pearl of the Orient", is a bustling metropolis and the largest city in China. Its rich history and vibrant culture are reflected in its magnificent architecture.One of the iconic architectural landmarks in Shanghai is the Oriental Pearl Tower. Located in the Pudong District, this 468-meter-tall tower stands tall and proud as one of the tallest TV towers in the world. Its unique design, with 11 spheres and a futuristic space module at the top, attracts tourists from all over the world. Visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the city from its observation decks and even dine in its revolving restaurant.Another must-visit architectural marvel in Shanghai is the Shanghai World Financial Center. Standing at 492 meters, it is one of the tallest buildings in the world. Its distinctive trapezoid aperture at the top gives it a one-of-a-kind appearance. The building hosts a mix of offices, hotels, observation decks, and even a Skywalk on the 97th floor, offering visitors a thrilling experience.The Jin Mao Tower is yet another architectural masterpiece in Shanghai. Inspired by traditional Chinese architecture, this 420.5-meter-tall skyscraper combines modern design with elements of ancient pagodas. It houses the Shanghai Grand Hyatt Hotel, which occupies the upper floors, offering luxurious accommodation and stunning views of the city.Shanghai is also home to several historic architectural sites. The Bund, a waterfront area along the Huangpu River, features a collection of colonial-era buildings. These buildings, including theformer HSBC Building and the Customs House, showcase a fusion of Western and Chinese architectural styles. Walking along the Bund offers an impressive view of the city's skyline and the iconic Shanghai Tower.In addition to these famous landmarks, Shanghai boasts a mix of contemporary and traditional architectural styles. Skyscrapers, such as the Shanghai Tower, add to the modern skyline, while traditional Chinese gardens like the Yuyuan Garden, with its elegant pavilions and rockeries, provide a peaceful retreat from the bustling city.Shanghai's architecture serves as a testament to the city's dynamic past and its drive for innovation. Whether it is the towering skyscrapers or the historic buildings, each structure tells a story of Shanghai's progress and its position as a global city.。

In the realm of the civilized world,the term civilization encompasses a broad spectrum of human achievements,including cultural,technological,social,and political advancements.The English essay on civilization can be approached from various perspectives,highlighting the evolution,impact,and future of civilization.The Dawn of CivilizationThe story of civilization begins with the early agricultural societies that emerged around 10,000BCE.The transition from huntergatherer lifestyles to settled farming communities allowed for the development of complex social structures,the accumulation of knowledge,and the birth of art and writing systems.Ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia,Egypt,the Indus Valley,and China laid the foundational stones for what we now understand as civilized life.Cultural MilestonesThroughout history,civilizations have been marked by significant cultural milestones. The invention of the wheel,the development of writing systems like cuneiform and hieroglyphs,and the construction of monumental structures such as the Pyramids of Giza and the Great Wall of China are testaments to human ingenuity and the desire to leave a lasting legacy.Philosophical and Scientific ProgressThe advancement of civilization is not only measured by material achievements but also by intellectual and philosophical developments.The works of ancient philosophers like Socrates,Confucius,and Aristotle have shaped the way we think about ethics, governance,and the nature of existence.The Scientific Revolution,spearheaded by figures like Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton,revolutionized our understanding of the natural world and laid the groundwork for modern science.Technological InnovationsThe Industrial Revolution,beginning in the18th century,marked a significant leap in civilizations technological capabilities.Innovations such as the steam engine,mechanized textile production,and the assembly line drastically altered the pace of life,economies, and the environment.The subsequent information age,with the advent of computers and the internet,has further connected the world and democratized access to information.Social and Political EvolutionCivilization has also seen the evolution of social and political structures.The development of democratic principles,the establishment of human rights,and the rise of international cooperation are evidence of the maturation of societal values.However, challenges such as inequality,conflict,and environmental degradation remain pressing issues that civilization must address.The Future of CivilizationLooking ahead,the future of civilization hinges on our ability to innovate responsibly, maintain cultural diversity,and foster global cooperation.The challenges of climate change,resource scarcity,and technological ethics will require collective action and a commitment to sustainable development.ConclusionIn conclusion,civilization is a tapestry woven from the threads of human endeavor, creativity,and resilience.It is a living testament to our past and a beacon guiding our future.As we continue to write the story of civilization,it is imperative that we learn from our history,embrace our diversity,and strive for a harmonious and enlightened global society.。

Earth,our home,is a unique and complex planet that has been the subject of countless studies and explorations.It is the third planet from the Sun and the largest terrestrial planet in our solar system.The Earth is a sphere,approximately12,742 kilometers in diameter,and it has a mass of about5.9721024kilograms.It is composed of various layers including the crust,the mantle,the outer core,and the inner core.The Earths atmosphere is composed of nitrogen,oxygen,and trace amounts of other gases, which support life as we know it.Geological Features:The Earths surface is marked by diverse geological features such as mountains,valleys, plains,and basins.The tectonic plates that make up the Earths crust are constantly moving,leading to the formation of these features and causing natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.Climate and Weather:The Earths climate varies greatly from the polar regions,which are cold and icy,to the equatorial regions,which are hot and humid.The climate is influenced by a variety of factors including the Earths tilt,the movement of air masses,and the ocean currents. Weather patterns are the shortterm changes in the atmosphere and can be predicted using meteorological data.Biodiversity:The Earth is home to an incredible array of life forms,from the smallest microorganisms to the largest mammals.Biodiversity is the variety of life in a particular ecosystem,and the Earth boasts a rich tapestry of ecosystems ranging from tropical rainforests to arid deserts.Human Impact:Human activities have had a profound impact on the Earth.Industrialization,urbanization, and deforestation have led to environmental issues such as pollution,climate change,and loss of biodiversity.It is crucial for us to understand the consequences of our actions and strive for sustainable development to protect our planet for future generations.Conservation Efforts:In response to the environmental challenges,there have been numerous conservation efforts.These include the establishment of protected areas,the promotion of renewable energy sources,and the implementation of policies to reduce carbon emissions. International cooperation is essential in addressing global environmental issues.Space Exploration:The Earth has also been a focal point for space exploration.Satellites orbit the Earth, providing us with valuable information about our planets weather,resources,and even the impact of human activities.The study of Earth from space,known as Earth observation,has become an important tool in monitoring and managing our planets health. Future Prospects:As we continue to learn more about the Earth,we are also faced with the challenge of ensuring its sustainability.The future of the Earth will depend on our ability to balance economic development with environmental protection.It is a shared responsibility that requires the commitment of individuals,communities,and nations.In conclusion,the Earth is a dynamic and complex system that supports life in all its forms.It is our duty to understand its intricacies,protect its resources,and ensure its longevity for the benefit of all living beings.。

Shanghai,a vibrant and bustling city in China,is renowned for its rich history and modern skyline.Here are some of the mustvisit attractions that showcase the essence of this dynamic city:1.The Bund:This waterfront area along the Huangpu River is a symbol of Shanghais historical significance.It features a collection of early20thcentury buildings that reflect the citys colonial past.The Bund offers a stunning view of the modern Pudong skyline across the river.2.Yu Garden:Also known as Yuyuan Garden,this classical Chinese garden is a serene escape from the citys hustle and bustle.It is famous for its exquisite pavilions,ponds,and rockeries.3.The Oriental Pearl Tower:This iconic tower is a landmark of Shanghais skyline. Visitors can enjoy panoramic views of the city from the observation deck,and it also houses a restaurant and a shopping mall.4.Shanghai Museum:Located in the Peoples Square,this museum boasts an extensive collection of ancient Chinese art,including bronzes,ceramics,calligraphy,and paintings.5.Jin Mao Tower:One of the tallest buildings in China,the Jin Mao Tower offers a highspeed elevator ride to its observation deck,where you can take in breathtaking views of the city.6.Shanghai Disneyland:This theme park is a popular destination for families,featuring a variety of attractions,shows,and experiences inspired by Disney stories.7.Nanjing Road:Known as the Number One Shopping Street in China,Nanjing Road isa bustling commercial area with a mix of modern malls and traditional shops.8.French Concession:This area is famous for its treelined streets,Europeanstyle architecture,and trendy boutiques and cafes.Its a great place to explore on foot and enjoy the citys cosmopolitan atmosphere.9.Shanghai Tower:The tallest building in China and the second tallest in the world,the Shanghai Tower offers an even higher vantage point than the Oriental Pearl Tower for those seeking a birdseye view of the city.10.Zhujiajiao Water Town:Often referred to as the Venice of the East,Zhujiajiao is an ancient water town with canals,bridges,and traditional houses,providing a glimpse intoShanghais past.11.Shanghai Science and Technology Museum:This interactive museum is a great place for children and adults alike to learn about science and technology through various exhibits and activities.12.Longhua Temple:One of the oldest and largest temples in Shanghai,Longhua Temple is known for its ancient pagoda and peaceful atmosphere.Each of these attractions offers a unique perspective on Shanghais rich cultural heritage and modern development,making them essential stops for anyone visiting this fascinating city.。

the science of custom课文翻译the science of custom课文翻译：Anthropology is the study of human beings as creatures of society. It fastens its attention upon those physical characteristics and industrial techniques, those conventions and values, which distinguish one community from all others that belong to a different tradition.人类学是研究人类作为社会生物的学科。

它将注意力集中在那些物理特征和工业技术、那些习俗和价值观上，它们将一个社区与属于不同传统的所有其他社区区分开来。

The distinguishing mark of anthropology among the social sciences is that it includes for serious study other socieites than our own. For its purposes any social regulation of mating and reproduction is as significant as our own, though it may be that of the Sea Dyaks, and have no possible historical relation to that of our civilization.人类学在社会科学中的显著特点是，它包括了除我们自己的社会之外的其他社会的严肃研究。

就其目的而言，任何关于交配和繁殖的社会规则都和我们自己的规则一样重要，尽管它可能是海堤的规则，并且与我们的文明没有可能的历史联系。

Shanghai,known as the Pearl of the Orient,is a vibrant metropolis that offers a unique blend of traditional Chinese culture and modern urban life.Here is a travel guide to help you explore the best of Shanghai.1.The Bund:Start your journey at The Bund,a famous waterfront promenade that offers stunning views of the citys skyline.Here,you can see a mix of colonialera buildings and modern skyscrapers,reflecting the citys rich history and rapid development.2.Yu Garden:A visit to Shanghai wouldnt be complete without a trip to Yu Garden,a classical Chinese garden that dates back to the Ming Dynasty.Wander through its tranquil pathways, admire the intricate architecture,and enjoy the beautiful scenery.3.Shanghai Museum:For a deeper understanding of Chinese history and art,head to the Shanghai Museum.It houses an extensive collection of ancient Chinese artifacts,including bronze ware, ceramics,calligraphy,and paintings.4.Nanjing Road:Nanjing Road is one of the busiest shopping streets in the world.Its a great place to shop for souvenirs,try local street food,and experience the bustling life of the city.5.Jade Buddha Temple:This temple is home to two magnificent jade Buddha statues,one of which is a reclining Buddha.Its a peaceful sanctuary amidst the citys hustle and bustle,offering a serene environment for contemplation and prayer.6.French Concession:Explore the charming streets of the French Concession,an area known for its treelined boulevards,boutique shops,and trendy cafes.Its a great place to relax and enjoy the citys cosmopolitan atmosphere.7.Oriental Pearl Tower:For a birdseye view of Shanghai,visit the Oriental Pearl Tower.This iconic tower offers an observation deck and a revolving restaurant,providing a panoramic view of the city.8.Shanghai Disneyland:For a magical experience,spend a day at Shanghai Disneyland.Its the first Disney theme park in mainland China and offers a variety of attractions,shows,and parades that aresure to delight visitors of all ages.9.Zhujiajiao Water Town:Take a day trip to Zhujiajiao,one of the wellpreserved ancient water towns near Shanghai. With its ancient bridges,traditional houses,and peaceful canals,its a great place to experience the traditional way of life in China.10.Food Experiences:Shanghai is famous for its diverse food scene.Dont miss out on trying local delicacies such as xiaolongbao soup dumplings,shengjianbao panfried buns,and hairy crab,which is a seasonal specialty.Practical Tips:Language:While Mandarin is the primary language,many locals in the service industry speak English,especially in tourist areas.Transportation:Shanghais public transport system is extensive and efficient.The metro is the easiest way to get around the city.Accommodation:Theres a wide range of accommodation options,from budget hostels to luxury hotels.Booking in advance is recommended,especially during peak seasons. Safety:Shanghai is generally safe for tourists,but as with any big city,be aware of your surroundings and keep your belongings secure.Shanghai is a city that offers a mix of old and new,east and west.Whether youre a history buff,a shopping enthusiast,or a food lover,theres something for everyone in this dynamic city.。