2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题及答案(第二套)

2015年12月英语六级真题及答案（卷二）1.作文Direction：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the harm caused by misleading information online. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.2.选词填空It seems to be a law in the technology industry that leading companies eventually lose their positions, often quickly and brutally. Mobile phone champion Nokia, one of Europe’s biggest technology success stories, was no 36 losing its market share in just a few years.In 2007, Nokia accounted for more than 40% of mobile phone sales 37 . But consumers’ preferences were already 38 toward touch-screen smartphones. With the introduction ofApple’s iPhone in the middle of that year,N okia’s market share 39 rapidly and revenue plunged. By the end of 2013, Nokia had sold its phone business to Microsoft.What sealed Nokia’s fate was a series of decisions made by Stephen Elop in his position as CEO, which he 40 in October 2010. Each day th at Elop spent in charge of Nokia, the company’s market value declined by $23 million, making him, by the numbers, one of the worst CEOs in history.But Elop was not the only person at 41 .Nokia’s board resisted change, making it impossible for the company to adapt to rapid shifts in the industry. Most 42 , orma Ollila, who had led Nokia’s transition from an industrial company to a technology giant, was too fascinated by the company 43 success to recognize the change that wasneeded to sustain its competitiveness. The company also embarked on a 44 cost cutting program, which included the elimination of thousands of jobs. This contributed to the 45 of th e company’s once-spirited culture, which had motivated employees to take risks and make miracles. Good leaders left the company, taking Nokia’s sense of vision and direction with them. Not surprisingly, much of Nokia's most valuable design and programming talent left as well.A) assumedI) previousB) biasJ) relayedC) desperateK) shiftingD) deteriorationL) shrankE) exceptionM) subtleF) faultN) transmittingG) incidentallyO) worldwideH) notably3.长篇阅读First-Generation College-Goers: Unprepared and BehindKids who are the first in their families to brave the world of higher education come on campus with little academic know-how and are much more likely than their peers to drop out before graduation.A) When Nijay Williams entered college last fall as a first-generation student and Jamaican immigrant, he was academically unprepared for the rigors of higher education. Like many first-generation students, he enrolled in a medium-sized state university many of his high school peers were also attending, received a Pell Grant, and took out some small federal loans to cover other costs. Given the high price of room and board and the closeness of the school to his family, he chose to live at home and worked between 30 and 40 hours a week while taking a full class schedule.B) What Nijay didn’t realize about his school—Tennessee State University一was its frighteningly low graduation rate: a mere 29 percent for its first-generation students. At the end of his first year, Nijay lost his Pell Grant of over $5,000 after narrowly missing the 2.0 GPA cut-off, making it impossible for him to continue paying for school. C) Nijay represents a large and growing group of Americans: first-generation college students who enter school unprepared or behind. To make matters worse, these schools are ill-equipped to graduate these students—young adults who face specific challenges and obstacles. They typically carry financial burdens that outweigh those of their peers, are more likely to work while attending school, and often require significant academic remediation (补习).D) Matt Rubinoff directs I’m First, a nonprofit organization launched last October to reach out to this specific population of students. He hopes to distribute this information and help prospective college-goers find the best post-secondary fit. And while Rubinoff believes there are a good number of four-year schools that truly care about these students and set aside significant resources and programs for them, he says that number isn’t high enough. E) “It’s n ot only the selective and elite institutions that provide those opportunities for a small subset of this population,” Rubinoff said, adding that a majority of first-generation under-graduates tend toward options such as online programs, two-year colleges, and commuter state schools. “Unfortunately, there tends to be a lack ofinformation and support to help students think bigger and broader.”F) Despite this problem, many students are still drawn to these institutions—and two-year schools in particular As a former high school teacher, I saw students choose familiar, cheaper options year after year. Instead of skipping out on higher education altogether, they chose community colleges or state schools with low bars for admittance.G) “They underestimate themselves when selecting a university,” said Dave Jarrat, a marketing executive for Inside Track, a for-profit organization that specializes in coaching low-income students and supporting colleges in order to help students thrive. “The reality of it is that a l ot of low-income kids could be going to elite universities on a full ride scholarship and don’t even realize it.”H) “Many students are coming from a situation where no one around them has the experience of successfully completing higher education, so they are coming in questioning themselves and their college worthiness,” Jarrat continued That helps explain why, as I’m First’s Rubinoff indicated, the schools to which these students end up resorting can end up being some of the poorest matches for them. The University of Tennessee in Knoxville offers one example of this dilemma. A flagship university in the South, the school graduates just 16 percent of its first-generation students, despite its overall graduation rate of 71 percent. Located only a few hours apart, The University of Tennessee and Tennessee State are worth comparing. Tennessee State’s overall graduation rate is a tiny 39 percent, but at least it has a smaller gap between the out-comes for first-generation students and those of their peers.I) Still, the University of Tennessee deserves credit for being transparent. Many large institutions keep this kind of data secret—or at least make it incredibly difficult to find The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, for instance, admits only that the graduation rate for its first-generation pupils is “much lower” than the percentage of all students who graduate within four years (81 percent).J) It is actually quite difficult to find reliable statistics on the issue for many schools. Higher education institutions are, under federal law, required to report graduation rates, but these re- ports typically only include Pell recipient numbers~not necessarily rates specific to first-gen-eration students. Other initiatives fail to break down the data, too. Imagine how intimidating it can be for prospective students unfamiliar with the complexities of higher education to navigate this kind ofinformation and then identify which schools are the best fit.K) It was this lack of information that prompted the launch of I’m First in 2013, originally as an arm of its umbrella organization, the Center For Student Opportunity. “If we can help to direct students to more of these types of campuses and help students to understand them to be realistic and accessible places, have them apply to these schools at greater frequency and ultimately get in and enroll, we are going to raise the success rate,” Rubinoff said, citing a variety of colleges ranging from large state institutions to smaller private schools.L) Chelsea Jones, who now directs student programming at I’m First, was a first-generation college student at Howard. Like other students new to the intimidating higher-education world, she often struggled on her path to college. “There wasn’t really a college-bound culture at my high school.” she said “I wanted to go to college but I didn’t really know the process.” Jones became involved with a college-access program through Princeton University in high school. Now, she attributes much of her understanding of college to that:“But once I got to campus, it was a completely different ball game that no one really prepared me for.”M) She was fortunate, though. Howard, a well-regarded historically black college, had an array of resources for its first-generation students, including matching kids with counselors, connecting first-generation students to one another, and TRIO, a national program that supported 200 students on Howard’s campus. Still, Jones represents a small percentage of first-generation students who are able to gain entry into more elite universities, which are often known for robust financial aid packages and remarkably high graduation rates for first-generation students. (Harvard, for example, boasts a six-year graduation rate for underrepresented minority groups of 98 percent.)N) Christian Vazquez, a first-generation Yale graduate, is another exception, his success story setting him far apartfrom students such as Nijay. “There is a lot of support at Yale, to an extent, after a while, there is too much support,” he said, half-joking about the countless resources available at the school. Students are placed in small groups with counselors (trained seniors on campus); they have access to cultural and ethnic affinity (联系) groups, tutoring centers and also have a summer orientation specifically for first-generation students (the latter being one of the most common programs for students).O) “Our support structure was more like: ‘You are going to get through Yale; you are going to do well,’”he said, hinting at mentors (导师), staff, and professors who all provided significant support for students who lacked confidence about “belonging”at such a top institution.46. Many first-generation college-goers have doubts about their abilities to get a college degree. 47. First-generation college students tend to have much heavier financial burdens than their peers.48. The graduation rate of first-generation students at Nijay’s university was incredibly low.49. Some top institutions like Yale seem to provide first-generation students with more support than they actually need.50. On entering college, Nijay Williams had no idea how challenging college education was.51. Many universities simply refuse to release their exact graduation rates for first-generation students.52. According to a marketing executive, many students from low-income families don’t know they could have a chance of going to an elite university.53. Some elite universities attach great importance to building up the first-generation students’self-confidence.54. I’m First distributes information to help first-generation college-goers find schools that are most suitable for them.55. Elite universities tend to graduate first-generation students at a higher rate.4.仔细阅读Passage OneSaying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatments, as they make decisions about patient care.The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment — at the end of life, for example — is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form of rationing.Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decis ions, even though there’s no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurance companies to help determine reimbursement (报销) policies.Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers.“There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn’t be functioning simultaneously as doctors,” said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patient s if they told patients, “I’m not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it’s bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts.”Doctors can face some grim trade-offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equallyeffective in treating macular degeneration, an eye disease. But one costs $50 a dose and the other close to $2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if every-one used the cheaper drug, Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis.But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye, and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare’s budget in deciding what to use?“I think ethically (在道德层面上) we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole,”said Dr. Donald Jensen.Still, some analysts say that there’s a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so, “In some ways,” said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, “it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue.”56. What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?A) Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.B) Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.C) Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.D) Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.57. What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?A) Specific medicines to be used. C) Professional advancement.B) Effects of medical treatment. D) Patients5 trust.58. What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?A) The redefining of doctors’ roles. C) Conflicts between doctors and patients.B) Overuse of less effective medicines. D) The prolonging of patients’ suffering.59. What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?A) They may be involved in a conflict of interest.B) They may be forced to divide their attention.C) They may have to use less effective drugs.D) They may lose the respect of patients.60. What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?A) It may add to doctors’ alrea dy heavy workloads.B) It will help to save money for society as a whole.C) It results from society’s failure to tackle the problem.D) It raises doctors’ awareness of their social responsibilitiesPassage TwoEconomic inequality is the “defining challenge of our time, ” President Barack Obama declared in a speech last month to the Center for American Progress. Inequality is dangerous, he argued, not merely because it doesn’t look good to have a large gap between the rich and the poor, but because inequality itself destroys upward mobility, making it harder for the poor to escape from poverty. “Increased inequality and decreasing mobility pose a fundamental threat to the American Dream,” he said.Obama is only the most prominent public figure to declare inequality. Public Enemy No. 1 and the greatest threat to reducing poverty in America. A number of prominent economists have also argued that it’s harder for the poor to climb the economic ladder today because the rungs (横档) in that ladder have grown farther apart.For all the new attention devoted to the 1 percent, a new dataset from the Equality of Opportunity Project at Harvard and Berkeley suggests that, if we care about upward mobility overall, we’re vastly exaggerating the dangers of the rich-poor gap. Inequality itself is not a particularly strong predictor of economic mobility, associologist Scott Winship noted in a recent article based on his analysis of this data.So what factors, at the community level, do predict if poor children will move up the economic ladder as adults? What explains, for instance, why the Salt Lake City metro area is one of the 100 largest metropolitan areas most likely to lift the fortunes of the poor and the Atlanta metro area is one of the least likely?Harvard economist Raj Chetty has pointed to economic and racial segregation, community density, the size of a community’s middle class, the quality of schools, community religiosity, and familystructure, which he calls the “single strongest correlate of upward mobility.” Chetty finds that communities like Salt Lake City, with high levels of two-parent families and religiosity, are much more likely to see poor children get ahead than communities like Atlanta, with high levels of racial and economic segregation.Chetty has not yet issued a comprehensive analysis of the relative predictive power of each of these factors. Based on my analyses of the data, of the factors that Chetty has highlighted, the following three seem to be most predictive of upward mobility in a given community:1. (人均) income growth2. Prevalence of single mothers (where correlation is strong, but negative)3. Per-capita local government spendingIn other words, communities with high levels of per-capita income growth, high percentages of two-parent families, and high local government spending~which may stand for good schools一are the most likely to help poor children relive Horatio Alger’s rags-to-riches story.61. How does Obama view economic inequality?A) It is the biggest obstacle to social mobility.B) It is the greatest threat to social stability.C) It is the No. 1 enemy of income growth.D) It is the most malicious social evil of our time.62. What do we learn about the inequality gap from Scott Winship’s data analysis?A) It is fast widening across most parts of America.B) It is not a reliable indicator of economic mobility.C) It is not correctly interpreted.D) It is overwhelmingly ignored.63. Compared with Atlanta, metropolitan Salt Lake City is said to______________.A) have placed religious beliefs above party politicsB) have bridged the gap between the rich and the poorC) offer poor children more chances to climb the social ladderD) suffer from higher levels of racial and economic segregation64. What is strongly correlated with social mobility according to economist Raj Chetty?A) Family structure. C) School education.B) Racial equality. D) Community density.65. What does the author seem to suggest?A) It is important to increase the size of the middle class.B) It is highly important to expand the metropolitan areas.C) It is most imperative to focus our efforts on the elimination of income inequality.D) It is better to start from the community to help poor children move up the social ladder.5 翻译最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。

2015年12月六级答案汇总Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based onthepicture below. You should focus on theimpact of social networking websites onreading.“I love reading. I read about 3 hours aday.My favorite book is Facebook.”*Facebookis the name of a social networking website.此文预计会引发巨大争议，有人会认为FB和朋友圈这类东西完全不是正真意义的“阅读”，但是也有认为，这才是当今时代有特色的阅读，其实，能说明白就好，观点没有正误。

Impact的含义：影响。

第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调网络阅读的趋势和现象第二段: 分析网络读书的原因. ( 或阐述不同的人的不同观点)在这一段，既可以把网络阅读的影响力归结为利大于弊，也可以归结为弊大于利，自圆其说即可。

第三段:双面总结，得出结论.Thepicture describes a conversation between two people, one of them said: “I readabout 3 hours a day. My favorite book is Facebook.” The picture intends toinform us that the Internet has exerted an important influence on reading forthe modern citizens.The phenomenon involves many factors, which canbe listed as the follows. To begin with, with the rapid development ofscientific technology, The Internet has become indispensable in our daily life.Undoubtedly, it provides people with many advantages and makes our life morecomfortable and efficient, including the way ofreading. What’s more, it is a moreadvanced way to get information needed by people, and an efficient way to searchfor materials. “I have hardly ever bought any books since 2003. I have beenreading online in recent years.” said professor Wang from Peking University.“With the click of the mouse, any stories or information that I want at anygiven time or place, is there.” she said. This may w ell explain why so manypeople now prefer to embrace the wonders of the Internet than read print copiesof book or any other reading material.Every coin hastwo sides, reading in social networking websites is no exception. Admittedly,there is false and useless information on the social networking websites, it isadvisable that we read more critically and carefully.For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture be low. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite ofadvanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调网络信息对我们生活的影响.第二段: 阐述网络信息技术找寻信息的弊端.第三段: 得出结论.The picture describes a conversation among several people, one of them complains: “we havelots of information technology; we just don’t have much useful information.” Itis safe to figure out that our lives are full of information technology, but weare supposed to have the ability to distinguish the useful ones from theuseless ones.The human beings are stepping into theinformation society. The information industry develops very rapidly, so does theinformation technology. Information technology brought us many benefits, as well as theunexpected side effects. First, when we search for information on the Internet,it comes out that the useful information and useless ones appear together. Italways takes us long time to separate them. What makes things worse is thatsome information on the Internet even misleads the people who cherish the hopeof acquiring the useful knowledge from theInternet. Thus,information technology becomes an impending important issue.Through the above analysis on information technology,I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative ones though thetechnology does bring us some unwanted information. As college students, weshould enhance the awareness of recognizing the useful information when we are surfingthe net.第三版第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调误导信息的存在对我们的影响.第二段: 误导性信息对我们的影响的阐述. (可以结合具体的例子.)第三段: 提出方法解决这一问题It can be clearly seen that the coupleare discussing the information on the Internet, one of them said: “I just feelunfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information.” Theconversation of the cartoon picture conveys the mess age that people attained informationfrom the Internet, some of which might be misleading.Along with the development of societyand technology, an increasing numberof problems are brought to our attention, one ofwhich is that misleading information exists on the Internet. Here is an exampleI got from my friend, which works well in the case. She expected to discover acure from the Internet when her mother got a certain disease. Unfortunately,that so called “cure” from the Wechat moments did not work at all a nd hermother’s healthy condition got worse. Such misleading information often wastepeople’s time and may result in even severe consequences.In view of the problem, effectivemeasures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time that we realized theimportance of ability to separate the useful information from the misleadingones. Thus, critical thinking is of great importance. For another, thegovernment should issue strict laws and regulations to put the situation undercontrol.六级翻译（贫困版）在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。

闪过英语2015年6月大学英语六级真题听力（第2套）Section A （1-8）Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.1. A) Prepare for his exams. B) Catch up on his work.C) Attend the concert. D) Go on a vacation.2. A) Three crew members were involved in the incident.B) None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.C) The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.D) None of the passengers were injured or killed.3. A) An article about the election. B)A tedious job to be done.C) An election campaign. D)A fascinating topic.4. A) The restaurant was not up to the speakers ’ expectations.B) The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.C) The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.D) China town has got the best restaurants in the city.5. A) He is going to visit his mother in the hospital.B) He is going to take on a new job next week.C) He has many things to deal with right now.D) He behaves in a way nobody understands.6. A) A large number of students refused to vote last night.B) At least twenty students are needed to vote on an issue.C) Major campus issues had to be discussed at the meeting.D) More students have to appear to make their voice heard.7. A) The woman can hardly tell what she likes.B) The speakers like watching TV very much.C) The speakers have nothing to do but watch TV .D) The man seldom watched TV before retirement.8. A) The woman should have registered earlier. B) He will help the woman solve the problem.C) He finds it hard to agree with what the woman says.D) The woman will be able to attend the classes she wants.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When most people think of the word “education”, they think of a pupil as a sort of animate sausage casing. Into this empty casing, the teachers (26)______ stuff “education”.闪过英语But genuine education, as Socrates knew more than two thousand years ago, is not (27) ______the stuffings of information into a person, but rather eliciting knowledge from him; it is the (28) ______ of what is in the mind.“The most important part of education,” once wrote William Ernest Hocking, the (29) ______Harvard philosopher, “is this instruction of a man in what he has inside of him.”And, as Edith Hamilton has reminded us, Socrates never said, “I know, learn from me.” He said, rather, “Look into your own selves and find the (30) ______of truth that God has put into every heart, and that only you can kindle (点燃) to a (31) ______.”In a dialogue, Socrates takes an ignorant slave boy, without a day of (32) ______, and proves to the amazed observers that the boy really “knows” geometry—because the principles of geometry are already in his mind, waiting to be called out.So many of the discussions and (33) ______ about the content of education are useless and inconclusive because they (34) ______what should “go into” the student rather than with what should be taken out, and how this can best be done.The college student who once said to me, after a lecture, “I spend so much time studying that I don ’t have a chance to learn anything,” was clearly expressing his (35) ______with the sausagecasing view of education.答案解析Section A （1-8）1. W ：Can you come to the concert with me this weekend? Or do you have to prepare for exams?M ：I still have a lot to do. But maybe a break will do me good.Q ：What will the man probably do? 【答案解析】C 男士先说“我还有很多事情要做”，紧接着话锋一转，说道“休息下可能会对我有好处”。

2015年12月六级答案汇总写作Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on thepicture below. You should focus on theimpact of social networking websites on reading.“I love reading. I read about 3 hoursaday.My favorite book is Facebook.”*Facebookis the name of a social networking website.此文预计会引发巨大争议，有人会认为FB和朋友圈这类东西完全不是正真意义的“阅读”，但是也有认为，这才是当今时代有特色的阅读，其实，能说明白就好，观点没有正误。

Impact的含义：影响。

第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调网络阅读的趋势和现象第二段: 分析网络读书的原因. ( 或阐述不同的人的不同观点)在这一段，既可以把网络阅读的影响力归结为利大于弊，也可以归结为弊大于利，自圆其说即可。

第三段:双面总结，得出结论.Thepicture describes a conversation between two people, one of them said: “I readabout 3 hours a day. My favorite book is Facebook.” The picture intends toinform us that the Internet has exerted an important influence on reading forthe modern citizens.The phenomenon involves many factors, which canbe listed as the follows. To begin with, with the rapid development ofscientific technology, The Internet has become indispensable in our daily life.Undoubtedly, it provides people with many advantages and makes our life morecomfortable and efficient, including the way ofreading. What’s more, it is a moreadvanced way to get information needed by people, and an efficient way to searchfor materials. “I have hardly ever bought any books since 2003. I have beenreading online in recent years.” said professor Wang from Peking University.“With the click of the mouse, any stories or information that I want at anygiven time or place, is there.” she said. This may well explain why so manypeople now prefer to embrace the wonders of the Internet than read print copiesof book or any other reading material.Every coin hastwo sides, reading in social networking websites is no exception. Admittedly,there is false and useless information on the social networking websites, it isadvisable that we read more critically and carefully.六级作文信息技术版参考范文For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture be low. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调网络信息对我们生活的影响.第二段: 阐述网络信息技术找寻信息的弊端.第三段: 得出结论.The picture describes a conversation among several people, one of them complains: “we havelots of information technology; we just don’t have much useful information.” Itis safe to figure out that our lives are full of information technology, but weare supposed to have the ability to distinguish the useful ones from theuseless ones.The human beings are stepping into theinformation society. The information industry develops very rapidly, so doestheinformation technology. Information technology brought us many benefits, as well as theunexpected side effects. First, when we search for information on the Internet,it comes out that the useful information and useless ones appear together. Italways takes us long time to separate them. What makes things worse is thatsome information on the Internet even misleads the people who cherish the hopeof acquiring the useful knowledge from theInternet. Thus,information technology becomes an impending important issue.Through the above analysis on information technology,I believe that the positive aspects far outweigh its negative ones though thetechnology does bring us some unwanted information. As college students, weshould enhance the awareness of recognizing the useful information when we are surfingthe net.第三版第一段: 描述漫画内容.强调误导信息的存在对我们的影响.第二段: 误导性信息对我们的影响的阐述. (可以结合具体的例子.)第三段: 提出方法解决这一问题It can be clearly seen that the coupleare discussing the information on the Internet, one of them said: “I just feelunfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information.” Thec onversation of the cartoon picture conveys the message that people attained informationfrom the Internet, some of which might be misleading.Along with the development of societyand technology, an increasing numberof problems are brought to our attention, one ofwhich is that misleading information exists on the Internet. Here is an exampleI got from my friend, which works well in the case. She expected to discover acure from the Internet when her mother got a certain disease. Unfortunately,that so called “cure” from the Wechat moments did not work at all and hermother’s healthy condition got worse. Such misleading information often wastepeople’s time and may result in even severe consequences.In view of the problem, effectivemeasures should be taken. For one thing, it is high time that we realized theimportance of ability to separate the useful information from the misleadingones. Thus, critical thinking is of great importance. For another, thegovernment should issue strict laws and regulations to put the situation undercontrol.六级翻译（贫困版）在帮助国际社会于2030年前消除极端贫困过程中，中国正扮演着越来越重要的角色。

2015年6月大学英语六级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. 4. Reading Comprehension 5. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on Albert Einstein’s remark “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious. “ You can give an example or two to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：Curiosity Leads to Success “I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious. “Albert Einstein once said, Simple as the remark may sound, it aims at informing us of the significance of curiosity. Doing everything curiously is conducive to our growth and eventually leads us to success. For one thing, curiosity serves as the premise of creativity, which can be seen as the key to success. Only when one is curious about something will he put his mind on it and generate something creative. Take Edison for example, it was his curiosity that made him invent so many things and achieved great success in his career. For another, curiosity provides us with the drive to go forward. During the process of being curious to something, we can maintain freshness instead of boredom, which will inspire us to learn new knowledge. Last but not least, curiosity helps us resolve difficulties constantly. A person with curiosity is more likely to dig into the essence of the problem and overcome all kinds of difficulties. From what has been discussed above, I would like to end up with the famous educator Herbert Spencer’s words which I can’t agree more, “If the interest and enthusiasm among us are cultivated smoothly in the first place, most people will become talents or geniuses. “Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A听力原文：W: A clever man hides his virtues within himself. A fool keeps them on his tongue. M: You mean I’m saying my own praises. In that case, I’m a fool, a thorough fool. Q: What do we learn from the conversation?2．A．The woman thinks she is cleverer than the man.B．The man behaves as if he were a thorough fool.C．The man is unhappy with the woman’s remark.D．The woman seldom speaks highly of herself.正确答案：C解析：对话中女士认为智者内秀，不外现，愚蠢的人才四处炫耀，言语中暗示着男士属于后者。

2018年12月大学英语六级真题试卷（二）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Writing 2. Listening Comprehension 3. Reading Comprehension 4. TranslationPart I Writing1．For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.正确答案：How to Balance Job Responsibilities and Personal Interests When it comes to the issue of how to balance job responsibilities and personal interests, the majority of people will be confused. Since both of them have a significant impact on our life, then how to strike a balance between the two. Here are my views. On the one hand, we should attach primary importance to job responsibilities, as our job can provide us regular income with which we can live the life we like. Besides, now that we’ve taken this job, we should regard it as our mission and be conscientious about it. On the other hand, important as it is, job is not everything of our life. It’ s also necessary for us to spend due time on our personal interests, so that we can take a rest from work. What’ s more, whether we can develop our personal interests also has a great effect on our life quality. All in all, it is high time that we placed great emphasis on the balance of job responsibilities and personal interests. We are supposed to ensure the time to develop our interests on the condition of finishing our job.解析：这是一篇议论文写作，话题是如何平衡工作责任与个人兴趣。

2015年6月英语六级真题及答案（第二套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions For this part, you are allowed 80 minutes to write an essay commenting on Alert Einstein'sremark "I have no special talents. I am only passionately curious. " You can give an example or two toillustrate your point of view. You should write at least 15 words but no more than 200 words.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1. A. The woman thinks she is cleverer than the man.B. The man behaves as if he were a thorough fool.C. The man is unhappy with the woman's remark.D. The woman seldom speaks highly of herself.2. A. Three crew members were involved in the incident.B. None of the hijackers carried any deadly weapons.C. None of the passengers were injured or killed.D. The plane had been scheduled to fly to Japan.3. A. At a travel agency.B. At a hotel front desk.C. At a checkout counter.D. At a commercial bank.4. A. Chinatown has got the best restaurants in the city.B. The critic thought highly of the Chinese restaurant.C. The restaurant places many ads in popular magazines.D. The restaurant was not up to the speakers' expectations.5. A. ProL Laurence is going into an active retirement.B. ProL Laurence has stopped conducting seminars.C. The professor's graduate seminar is well received.D. The professor will lead a quiet life after retirement.6. A. signing Leon to a new position.B. Finding a replacement for Leon.C. Aranging for Rodney's visit tomorrow.D. Finding a solution to Rodney's problem.7. A. Photography is one of Helen's many hobbies.B. Helen asked the man to book a ticket for her.C. The photography exhibition will close tomorrow.D. Helen has been looking forward to the exhibition.8. A. The speakers share the same opinion.B. Steve knows how to motivate employees.C. The man has a better understanding of Steve.D. The woman is out of touch with the real world.Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A. It is well paid.B. It is stimulating.C. It is demanding.D. It is fairly secure.10. A. A quick promotion.B. Free accommodation.C. Moving expenses.D. A lighter workload.11. A. He has difficulty communicating with local people.B. He has to spend a lot more traveling back and forth.C. He has trouble adapting to the local weather.D. He has to sign a long-term contract.12. A. The woman will help the man make a choice.B. The man is going to attend a job interview.C. The man is in the process of job hunting.D. The woman sympathizes with the man.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A. To inquire about the interest rates at the woman's bank.B. To inquire about the current financial market situation.C. To see if he can find a job in the woman's company.D. To see if he can get a loan from the woman's bank.14. A. Long-term investment.B. A three-month deposit.C. Any high-interest deposit.D. Any high-yield investment.15. A. She treated him to a meal.B. She gave him loans at low rates.C. She offered him dining coupons.D. She raised interest rates for him.Section B注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1作答。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C.and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.1. A.She is impatient to learn computer programming.B.She is unaware her operation system is outdated.C.She is unable to use the new computer program.D. She is amazed at the fast change of technology.2.A.He has long been fed up with traveling.B.He prefers to stay home for the holiday.C.He is going out of town for a couple of days.D. He is annoyed by the heavy traffic downtown.3.A.The challenges facing East Asia.B.The location for their new office.C.Their expansion into the overseas marketD. The living expenses in Tokyo and Singapore.4. A.A number of cell phones were found after the last show.B.The woman forgot where she had left her cell phone.C.The woman was very pleased to find her cell phone.D. Reserved tickets could be picked up at the ticket counter.5.A.The building materials will be delivered soon.B.The project is being held up by bad weather.C.The construction schedule may not be met.D. Qualified carpenters are not easy to find.6.A.She is getting very forgetful these days.B.She does not hold on to bitter feelings.C.She resents the way she is treated.D. She never intends to hurt anyone.7.A.The man wants to rent a small apartment.B.The woman has trouble getting a mortgage.C.The woman is moving to a foreign country.D.The man is trying to sell the woman a house.8. A.They are writing a story for the Morning News.B.They are facing great challenges to get re-elected.C.They are launching a campaign to attract women voters.D.They are conducting a survey among the women in town.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.Touch his heart.B.Make him cry.C.Remind him of his life.D.Make him feel young.10. A.He is good at singing operas.B.He enjoys complicated music:C.He can sing any song if he likes it.D.He loves country music in particular.11.A.Go to a bar and drink for hours.B.Go to an isolated place to sing blues.C.Go to see a performance in a concert hall.D.Go to work and wrap himself up in music.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.How he became an announcer.B.How he writes news stories.C.How he makes his living.D.How he does his job.13.A.They write the first version of news stories.B.They gather news stories on the spot.C.They polish incoming news stories.D.They write comments on major news stories.14. A.Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.B.Having little time to read the news before going on the air.C.Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.D.Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.15.A.It shows where advertisements come in.B.It gives a signal for him to slow down.C.It alerts him to something important.D.It serves as a reminder of sad news.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B),C).and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A.It gives pleasure to both adults and children.B.It is often carried around by small children.C.It can be found in many parts of the world.D.It was invented by an American Indian.17. A.They were made for earning a living.B.They were delicate geometric figures.C.They were small circus figures made of wire.D.They were collected by a number of museums.18.A.In art.B.In geometry.C.In engineering.D.In circus performance.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A.They offer students a wide variety of courses.B.They attract students from all over the world.C.They admit more students than they can handle.D.They have trouble dealing with overseas students.20. A.Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.B.A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.C.A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.D.Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.21. A.He likes students with high motivation.B.He enjoys teaching intelligent students.C.He tailors his teaching to students' needs.D.He treats all his students in a fair manner.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A.It is mostly imported from the Middle East.B.It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.C.It has a direct impact on the international oil market.D.It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.23. A.It eventually turns into heat.B.It is used in a variety of forms.C.Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.D.Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.24.A.When it is used in rural areas.B.When it is environment-friendly.C.When it operates at near capacity.D.When it operates at regular times.25.A.Traffic jams in cities.B.Inefficient use of energy.C.Fuel shortage.D.Global warming.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math or economics, or as study aids. Authors use graphic aids to 26 and expand on concepts taken up in the text because graphics are yet another way of portraying relationships and 27 connections.Graphics are used extensively in natural sciences and social sciences. Social scientists work with statistics 28 data, and the best way to present these statistics is often in graphic form. Graphics are included- not merely as a means of making the information easier for the student to grasp, but as an integral part of the way social scientists think. Many textbooks, 29 those in economics, containappendixes that provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material.Make it a practice to 30 attentively the titles, captions, headings, and other material connected with graphics. These elements 31 and usually explain what you are looking at. When you are examining graphics, the 32 questions to ask are (a.)What is this item about? and (b.)Whatkey idea is the author 33 ?One warning: Unless you integrate your reading of graphics with the text, you may make a wrong assumption. 34 , from a chart indicating that 33 percent of firstborn children in a research sample did not feel close to their fathers, you might assume that some dreadful influence was at work on the firstborn children. However, a careful reading of the text 35 that most of the firstborn children in the sample were from single-parent homes in which the father was absent.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brainand behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly 36 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 37 .The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental 38 have long urged U.S. government agencies to 39 the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 40 the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 41, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 42 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children's brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it's tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 43 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 44 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.Nonetheless, it's smart to 45 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can't hurt.A.advocatespactC.correlationD.exerciseE. facilitiesF. interactionG. investigatingH. overwhelmedI. particlesJ. permanentK. restrictedL. simulatingM. statisticalN. tightenO. vulnerableSection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions[ A ] Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they areunbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia ( meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving ), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard you try, you can't turn something that large on a dime ( 10美分硬币 ), or even a few thousand dimes. [ B ] In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder ( 大圆石 ), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity.Momentum is said to be "conserved," that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum-that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring ( possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.[ C ] But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don't speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it's a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.[ D ] One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白炽灯的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.[ E ] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs ledto the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.[ F ] And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.[ G ] As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “ Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications. " There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [ compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb ], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置 ) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an objectwithin that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的 ) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is never an inexpensive proposition.[ H ] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.[ I ]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers,designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first ( or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time.And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs,adding another layer of difficulty.[ J ] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years!The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York's Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.[ K ] As Vaclav Smil points out, "All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner. "[ L ] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch.from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed as expected.50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C),and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro. " By the late 1960s,that term was overtaken by "Black. " And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that "African American" was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as "Italian Americans" and "Irish Americans," that had already beenfreed of widespread discrimination.A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term "Black" carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of "African American. "But if it was known that "Black" people were viewed differently from "African Americans,"researchers, until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study, conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall, found that "Black" people are viewed more negatively.than "African Americans" because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result,"Black" people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters' biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the "Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers" or the "National Black Employees Association," the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as "African-American," and another was told he was "Black. " With little else to go on,they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams's salary,professional standing, and educational background.The "African-American" group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The "Black" group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only "some" college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts. "56.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term "African American" for people of African descent?57. A.It is free from racial biases.B.It represents social progress.C.It is in the interest of common Americans.D.It follows the standard naming practice.57. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group ?A.It advances with the times.B.It is based on racial roots.C.It merits intensive study.D.It is politically sensitive.58.What do Erika Hall's findings indicate?A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.B.Many applicants don't attend to details on their resumes.C.Job seekers should all be careful- about their affiliations.D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.59. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B.Black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low.C.People's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.D.One's professional standing and income are related to their educational background.60. What is Dr. Du Bois's ideal?A.All Americans enjoy equal rights.B.A person is judged by their worth.C.A new term is created to address African Americans.D.All ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa.In 2011 they released a landmark study titled"Academically Adrift," which documented the lack of intellectualgrowth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today's knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change. Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a Full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “arty pathway," which eases many students through college, helped-along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors.By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are"catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others" who won't enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn't kind to candidates who can't demonstrate genuine competence, along with awell-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.61. What is Arum and Roksa's finding about higher education in America?A.It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B.It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C.It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D.It has tried hard to satisfy students' various needs.62. What is responsible for the students' lack of higher-level skills?A.The diluted college curriculum.B.The boring classroom activities.C.The absence of rigorous discipline.D.The outdated educational approach.63. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A.They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B.They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(二)答案与详解PartⅠWriting结构框图：一、第1段描述图片，提出主题——难以获取有用的信息。

二、第2段分析难以获取有用信息的原因。

三、第3段提出建议：由不加甄别地索取信息转向仔细地挑选信息。

The Difficulty in Acquiring Useful InformationAs the picture given depicts,several employees are having a meeting while one of them complains,“We have lots of information technology.We just don’t have much useful information.”What the picture presents is that even though equipped with advanced devices and information technology,we can hardly obtain useful information that we need.A multitude of reasons can account for the phenomenon.First of all,as we are increasingly,dependent on various advanced devices,they have brought us much information.However,faced with so much information, we’re actually not competent enough to tell the useful information from the useless information.What’s more,the fact that the network management regulations are not perfect cannot be ignored,which makes it difficult to prevent our life being lumbered with useless bits of information.From my point of view,as we are now in a great new era of information,we cannot say no to the benefits that information technology has brought us.However,it’s high time we transferred our focus from acquiring information indiscriminately to selecting information.Only in this way can we acquire the exact information that we need.PartⅡListening Comprehension1.听力原文：W：I’m so frustrated with this new computer program.I just can’t figure it out.M：I know what you mean.It can be overwhelming,especially since the technology is always changing.By the time you learn one program,it’s outdated.Q：What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?【精析】C)。

2017年12月大学英语六级考试真题答案与详解（第2套）Part I Writing审题思路：这是一篇一句话点评类作文，要求针对引言“试着理解他人，你就会被理解”给出自己的观点。

显然，这篇作文需要论述的是“相互理解的重要性”。

分析引言的含义之后，考生应该将写作重点放在阐述相互理解的重要性上。

结合实际可知，相互理解在学习、工作和生活等各领域都非常重要，做到了相互理解，我们就能齐心协力做好生活中的每件事，并促使人际关系的和谐。

高分范文：The Power of Mutual UnderstandingA host of facts in our daily life have proved that lack of understanding is a critical factor leading to disagreement among people,which makes it difficult for people to be on friendly terms with others.That’s why the phrase“mutual understanding”is emphasized.Just as the remark goes,“Seek to understand others,and you will be understood.”The significance of mutual understanding cannot be understanding.On the one hand,mutual understanding serves as a prerequisite for learning progress,career success and happy life.If we understand each other and are willing to reach agreement,we can be empowered to summon multi-forces to grease the wheels of everything.On the other hand,mutual understanding is the lubricant of human relations.For those who wish to build lasting relationships and achieve civilized intercourse,mutual understanding is a foolproof strategy.To sum up,mutual understanding is the basis of our relationships with others and we would be socially idiotic without it.To avoid this,all we need is our utmost effort to seek to understand others.全文翻译：我们日常生活中大量的事实已经证明,缺乏了解是导致人与人之间出现分歧的至关重要的因素，使得人们很难与他人友好相处。

2015年12月大学英语四六级试卷各题型分值及结构距离2015年12月英语四六级考试只有两天了，同学们是不是都在紧张复习中呢?然而，光知道复习不知道四六级考试卷的基本构成怎么行呢?通过平时练习真题，同学们肯定都知道四六级试卷分为四大题型：听力理解;阅读理解;完型填空;写作和翻译。

但是你们知道四六级的分值占比和时间吗?下面小编就来图文结合进行解说啦~一、四六级分值占比与考试时间分配四六级总分为710分，分值比例为：作文15%，听力35%，阅读35%，翻译15%，即作文106.5分，听力248.5分，阅读248.5分，翻译106.5分。

四六级考试时长130分钟，各项考试时间为：作文30分钟，听力30分钟，阅读40分钟，翻译40分钟。

从分值可得粗，阅读和听力的比重是最重的，所以那些抱着“听力随便听听”态度的孩子们，你们不感到紧张嘛?作文和翻译同样是很重要的，光一项就是106.5分!故二者皆不可丢!二、四六级各项题型描述与分值比例说明A 作文：写作部分测试学生用英语进行书面表达的能力。

写作测试选用考生所熟悉的题材，要求考生根据所提供的信息及提示(如：提纲、情景、图片或图表等)写出一篇短文，四级120-180词，六级150-200词。

分值占比15%。

B 听力理解：测试学生获取口头信息能力，录音材料用标准的英式或美式英语朗读，语速四级约每分钟130词，六级约每分钟150词。

听力部分各项占比为：对话15%，短文20%。

分值占比15%。

1) 对话部分(Listening Conversations)：对话部分共15题，包括短对话和长对话，均采用多项选择题的形式进行考核。

每段对话均朗读一遍，每个问题后留有13-15秒的答题时间。

短对话：短对话有8段，每段提一个问题;分值占比8%。

长对话：有2段，每段提3-4个问题;分值占比7%。

2) 短文部分：包括短文理解及单词和词组听写。

a. 短文理解：3篇短文，共10题。

采用单选的形式进行考核，四级每篇长度为220-250词，六级为240-270词，每篇短文朗读一遍，提3-4个问题，每个问题后留有13-15秒的答题时间。

PartⅠWriting(30minutes) Directions For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below.You shouldfocus on the harm caused by misleading information online.You are required to write at least150words but no more than200words.“I just feel unfortunate to live in a world with so much misleading information!”PartⅡListening Comprehension(30minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations.At the end of each conversation,you will hearfour questions.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Conversation OneQuestions1to4are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Touch his heart. C) Remind him of his life.B) Make him cry. D) Make him feel young.2. A) He is good at singing operas. C) He can sing any song if he likes it.B) He enjoys complicated music. D) He loves country music in particular.3.A)He can’t do such a complicated piece of music as the opera.B)He can’t sing a song that he doesn’t like.C)He can’t concentrate on his singing sometimes.D)He can’t play musical instrument while singing.4. A) Go to a bar and drink for hours.B)Go to an isolated place to sing blues.C)Go to see a performance in a concert hall.D)Go to work and wrap himselfup in music.Conversation TwoQuestions5to8are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) How he became an announcer. C) How he makes his living.B) How he writes news stories. D) How he does his job.6. A) They write the first version ofnews stories. C) They polish incoming news stories.B) They gather news stories on the spot. D) They write comments on major news stories.7.A)Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.B)Having little time to read the news before going on the air.C)Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.D)Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.8.A)It shows where advertisements come in.C)It alerts him to something important.B)It gives a signal for him to slow down.D)It serves as a reminder of sad news.Section BDirections:In this section,you will hear two passages.At the end of each passage,you will hear three orfour questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions9to11are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A)They offer students a wide variety of courses.B)They attract students from all over the world.C)They admit more students than they can handle.D)They have trouble dealing with overseas students.10.A)Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.B) A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.C) A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.D)Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.11.A)He likes students with high motivation.B)He enjoys teaching intelligent students.C)He tailors his teaching to students’needs.D)He treats all his students in a fair manner.Passage TwoQuestions12to15are based on the passage you have just heard.12.A)It is mostly imported from the Middle East.B)It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.C)It has a direct impact on the international oil market.D)It equals more than 30million barrels of oil each day.13.A)It eventually turns into heat.B)It is used in a variety of forms.C)Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.D)Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.14. A) When it is used in rural areas. C) When it operates at near capacity.B) When it is environment-friendly. D) When it operates at regular times.15. A) Traffic jams in cities. C) Fuel shortage.B) Inefficient use of energy. D) Global warming.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three orfour questions.The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre. Questions16to18are based on the recording you have just heard.16. A) Smelling scented candles. C) Talking with your parents often.B) Setting an alarm for waking up. D) Listening to an upsetting song.17. A) Handle the overwhelming unopened mail and tiny tasks within one minute.B) Do anything that can be done in less than one minute without delay.C) Do everything that can ’t be done in a minute within one minute.D) Documents must be printed out and filed within one minute.18. A) Strict habits. C) Hard rules.B) Positive attitude. D) Decision-making methods.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) It takes great pains for a person to be very rich.B) Not Everyone wants to be too rich.C) A person will never be satisfied with his wealth.D) A person will never have the feeling of being wealthy.20. A) Introducing a topic. C) Making a complaint.B) Telling a joke. D) Making a decision.21. A) They were well paid by the German government.B) They gathered mostly in London during the war.C) They didn ’t provide any valuable information for Germany.D) They worked for both their own country and their enemies.22. A) Some common chicken food in America.B) The living and working conditions of Americans.C) The German and British spies in World War Two.D) Some expressions related to money.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23. A) The husband is the head of the household.B) The husband usually makes big decisions.C) The wife lives within her husband ’s income.D) The wife works and does two kinds ofjobs.24. A) Their mother would help them to get ready for school and to make their breakfast.B) They had to help their mother and father to take care of their younger sisters and brothers.C) Their mother had to get up early in the morning to drive them to school.D) They were spoiled by their parents and didn ’t want to go to school.25. A) The roles of the father, mother, and children have changed.B) An increasing number of women work outside the home.C) Changes have taken place in the structure of an American family.D) The increasingly rapid pace of life makes people under greater pressure.Reading Comprehension Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly __26__ to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, (40 minutes) Part Ⅲ Section Aand the damage they cause can be __27__ .The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental __28__ have long urged U.S. government agencies to __29__ the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 30 the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 31 , after concerns were raised about lead poisoning.The agency is now _32__the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high.Because children’s brain and behavioral disorders,like hyperactivity and lower grades,can also be linked to social and genetic factors? It’s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid __33__ evidence,which is what the EPA requires.Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 34 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.Nonetheless,it’s smart to __35__caution.While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals,keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can’t hurt.Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions[A]Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions.Whether it is a transitionfrom imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants,politicians love to talk big.Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers),our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier:they are unbelievably expensive, they’re built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia (meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion.No matter how hard you try,you can’t turn something that large on a dime ( 10美分硬币), or even a few thousand dimes.[B]In physics,moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding thedynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion.If you try to push a boulder (大圆石),it pushes you back.Once you have started the boulder rolling,it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity. Momentum is said to be“conserved,”that is,once you build it up,it has to go somewhere.So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum—that is, once he is moving,it is hard to change his state of motion.If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him,transferring (possibly painfully)some of his kinetic energy (动能)to your own body,or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.[C]But there are other kinds of momentum as well.After all,we don’t speak only ofobjects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum.Whether it’s a sports team or a presidential campaign,everybody relishes having the big momentum,because it makes them harder to stop or change direction. [D]One kind of momentum is technological momentum.When a technology is deployed,its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent ( 白炽灯的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates.The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration,has been developed into hundreds,if not thousands,of forms.Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs,flame-shaped bulbs,colored globe-shaped bulbs,and more.It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.[E] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of thosespecialized bulbs led to the building of specialized light fixtures,from the desk lamp you study by,to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother,to the ceiling fixture in your closet,to the light in your oven or refrigerator,and to the light that the dentist points at you.It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.[F] And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that houseincandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics,but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.[G]As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out,“Generally,there are no bad lightsources,only bad applications.”There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [compact fluorescent (荧光的)light bulb],yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied.The lamp,the fixture,and the room,all three must work in concert and for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space,the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的 ) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out,foggy,and dim.The whole fixture must be replaced—light source and luminaire—and this is never an inexpensive proposition.[H]And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting,being the man who illuminatedthe Statue of Liberty.[I]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in ourenergy systems is labor-pool momentum.It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years.But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise.That is because the engineers,designers,regulators,operators,and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who haveto be trained first (or retrained,if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry),and education,like any other complicated endeavor,takes time.And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence.One needs the designers,and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators,and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs,adding another layer of difficulty.[J]By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum.The major components of our energy systems,such as fuel production,refining,electrical generation and distribution,are costly installations that have lengthy life spans.They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered.When investors put up money to build,say, a nuclear power plant,they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant,which is typically between 40and 60years.Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70years!The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York’s Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.[K]As Vaclav Smil points out,“All the forecasts,plans,and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions,and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner.”[L]When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy,whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power,or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars,or even a switch from an incandescent to a fluorescent light,understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.36. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.37.Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionalsand skilled labor.38. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.39. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn’t succeed as expected.40. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.41. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.42.The problem with lighting,if it arises,often doesn’t lie in light sources but in theirapplications.43. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is tooexpensive to replace.54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energysystems.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there arefour choices marked A),B), C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.One hundred years ago,“Colored”was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for “Negro.”By the late 1960s,that term was overtaken by “Black.”And then,at a press conference in Chicago in 1988,Jesse Jackson declared that “African American”was the term to embrace.This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups,such as “Italian Americans”and “Irish Americans,”that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.A century’s worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.A 2001study cataloged all the ways in which the term “Black” carried connotations ( 涵义 ) that were more negative than those of “African American.”But if it was known that “Black”people were viewed differently from “African Americans,”researchers,until now,hadn’t identified what that gap in perception was derived from. A recent study,conducted by Emory University’s Erika Hall,found that “Black” people are viewed more negatively than “African Americans” because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status.As a result,“Black”people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study’s most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume,it appears,can tap into recruiters’biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the “Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers” or the “National Black Employees Association,”the names of which apparently have consequences,and are also beyond their members’control.In one of the study’s experiments,subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams.To one group,he was identified as “African-American,”and another was told he was “Black.”With little else to go on,they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams’s salary, professional standing, and educational background.The “African-American”group estimated that he earned about $37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree.The “Black”group,on the other hand,put his salary at about $29,000,and guessed that he had only “some”college experience.Nearly three- quarters of the first group guessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level,while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Hall’s findings suggest there’s an argument to be made for electing to use “African American,” though one can’t help but get the sense that it’s a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois’s original,idealistic hope:“It’s not the name—it’s the Thing that counts.”46.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term “African American”for people of African descent?A)It is free from racial biases.B)It represents social progress.C)It is in the interest of common Americans.D)It follows the standard naming practice.47.What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group?A)It advances with the times.C)It merits intensive study.B) It is based on racial roots. D) It is politically sensitive.48.What do Erika Hall’s findings indicate?A)Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.B)Many applicants don’t attend to details on their resumes.C)Job seekers should all be careful about their affiliations.D)Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.49.What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?A)African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B)Black people’s socioeconomic status in America remains low.C)People’s conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.D)One’s professional standing and income are related to their educational background.50. What is Dr. Du Bois’s ideal?A)All Americans enjoy equal rights.B) A person is judged by their worth.C) A new term is created to address African Americans.D)All ethnic groups share the nation’s continued progress.Passage TwoQuestions51to55are based on the following passage.Across the board,American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives.This was made clear by the work of two sociologists,Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa.In 2011they released a landmark study titled “Academically Adrift,”which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college.In particular,Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today’s knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students’lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards.Although going to college is supposed to be a full-time job,students spent,on average,only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing.Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more.But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities,playing sports,and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton,the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students.In Paying for the Party,Hamilton describes what she calls the “party pathway,”which eases many students through college,helped along by various clubs that send students into the party scene and a host of easier majors.By sanctioning this water-down version of college,universities are “catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others”who won’t enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility.But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either.As recent graduates can testify,the job market isn’t kind to candidate who can’t demonstrate genuine competence,along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard.Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy,math and science abilities.College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an emptyachievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work,offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.61.What is Arum and Roksa’s finding about higher education in America?A)It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B)It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C)It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D)It has tried hard to satisfy students’various needs.62.What is responsible for the students’lack of higher-level skills?A)The diluted college curriculum.C)The absence of rigorous discipline.B)The boring classroom activities.D)The outdated educational approach.63.What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A)They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B)They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C)They seem to be out of touch with society.D)They prioritize non-academic activities.64.What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?A)They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.B)They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.C)They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.D)They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.65.What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A)American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.B)People should not expect too much from American higher education.C)The current situation in American higher education may not last long.D)It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes) Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.在中国,父母总是竭力帮助孩子，甚至为孩子做重要决定，而不管孩子想要什么, 因为他们相信这样做是为孩子好。

2015年6月英语六级考试真题答案（第二套）作文：在刚刚结束的作文中有这样一道题目，要求对爱因斯坦的一句名言“我没有特殊的才能，但我有充满热情的好奇心”做出评论，并进行举例说明。

可见，这篇作文的主题应围绕好奇心的重要性展开。

本文为大家整理了该题的参考范文，供学习。

参考范文：The above saying from Einstein vividly echoes a piece of quotation: stay hungry; stay foolish, which is put forward by Steven Jobs, the late CEO of Apple Inc. Undoubtedly, both of the two great men attach importance to curiosity. To some extent, we may safely maintain that without curiosity, without success.In the first place, curiosity is the premise of innovation, which can be seen as the key to success. Besides Einstein, a case in point is Steven Jobs, who always keeps curious, devoted to innov ation. So, there is no exaggeration to say that the success of Apple Inc doesn’t suppress us at all. In the second place, the quality of being curious provides us with the drive to go forward. To put it another way, where there is curiosity, there is advancement. For example, if a scientist desires to make progress in his research community, he must hold a curious heart; otherwise, his research will eventually go into a corner.In conclusion, it is not too much to say that curiosity plays an indispensable role both in personal and corporate success. So, it is wise for us to bear in mind great men’s sayings concerning curiosity and practice them as much as possible.选词填空36. J) philosophy37. I) mirrors38. B) constrained39. D) explore40. L) sneaking41. K) potential42. O) violent43. F) interacting44. A) assess45. N) undermines段落匹配C) Our current brand of capitalism is a fake capitalism…A) A dangerous trend has developed over this past third of a century…E) So why has America chosen these inequality-enhancing policies?...I) Our division are deep…B) Over the past year and a half, the Great Divide…P) We need no just a new war on poverty but a war to protect the middle class…M) Where justice is concerned, there is also…F) Ideology and interests combined viciously…N) Justice has become a commodity, affordable to only a few…K) With almost a quarter of American children younger than 5 living…题干：46. In theory, free competition is supposed to reduce the margin of profits to the minimum.47. The United States is now characterized by a great division between the rich and the poor.48. America lacked the incentive to care for the majority of its citizens as it found no rival for its economic model.49. The wealthy top have come to take privileges for granted.50. Many examples show the basic laws of imperial capitalism no longer apply in present-day America.51. The author suggests a return to the true spirit of the market.52. A quarter of the world’s prisoner population is in America.53. Government regulation in America went from one extreme to the other in the past two decades.54. Justice has become so expensive that only a small number of people like corporate executives can afford it.55. No country in the world so far has been able to provide completely equal opportunities for all.仔细阅读56 A) To get their share of clean air.57 C) Offering preferential treatment to wealthy countries.58 B) Our relationship to the plant world.59 D) By pooling their efforts together.60 C) Share life with nature.61 B) Attend the school once they are admitted.62 A) To make sure they get qualified students.63 C) It allows them little time to make informed decisions.64 D) It places students from lower-income families at a disadvantage.65 B) Avoid choosing early decision unless they are fully prepared.翻译：2011年是中国城市化(urbanization)进程中的历史性时刻，其城市人口首次超过农村人口。

2015年12月英语六级真题及答案三套完整版2015 年 12 月大学英语六级考试真题(一)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.My favorite book is Facebook *.”Facebook is the name of a social networkingwebsite. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 1 上作答。

2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题(二)答案与详解PartⅠWriting1、审题:这是一篇六级考试中常见的名言哲理类作文【考频：★★★】,体裁为议论文。

此次作文的话题是“好奇心”(curiosity)，这是考生日常生活中比较熟悉的话题，因此写起来并不难。

写作时，考生应该将重点放在第二段阐释好奇心的重要性上。

2、列提纲：3、语言:用词要准确，多使用从句等高分句型。

On CuriosityAlbert Einstein once said,“I have no special talents.I am only passionately curious.”Simple as the remark may sound,it informs us of the significance of curiosity.Actually doing everything curiously is conducive to our development and eventually leads us to success.For one thing,curiosity is an important source of creativity,which is the key to success.Let’s take Edison as an example.It was curiosity that made him invent so many things and achieved great success in his career.For another,curiosity is the driving force for us to go forward.Curiosity can change boredom into freshness,which will make us acquire new knowledge st but not least,curiosity is helpful in resolving difficulties one by one.A person with curiosity is prone to find the essence of the problem and overcome various difficulties.From what has been mentioned above,curiosity is very important and helpful in personal development. Being enthusiastic about curiosity helps us achieve success sooner or later.PartⅡListening Comprehension1.听力原文：W：A clever man hides his virtues within himself.A fool keeps them on his tongue.M：You mean Tm saying my own praises.In that case,I’m a fool,a thorough fool.Q：What do we learn from the conversation?1.A）The woman thinks she is cleverer than the man.B)The man behaves as if he were a thorough fool.C)The man is unhappy with the woman’s remark.D)The woman seldom speaks highly of herself.【预测】四个选项中有两个以The woman开头，另外两个以The man开头，由此推测本题考查What do we learn from the conversation?—类的问题。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(一)2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(一) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions： For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the impact of social networking websites on reading. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.My favorite book is Facebook *.”Facebook is the name of a social networking website.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections： In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A) , B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2014年12⽉⼤学英语六级考试真题及答案（第⼆套）2014年12⽉⼤学英语六级考试真题⼆Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay based on the picture below. You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then discuss whether there is a shortcut to learning. You should give sound arguments to support your views and write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words."'How To Do Well In School WithoutStudying’ is over there in the fiction section."Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section A1. A) The man should get a pair of new shoes. B) The man’s tennis racket is good enough.C) The man spent too much on his tennis shoes. D) The man is out of shape.2. A) The woman doesn’t want to assist the man.B) The woman will ask Kathy to assist the man.C) Kathy is very pleased to attend the lecture by Dr. Smith.D) The woman will skip Dr. Smith’s lecture to help the man.3. A) The speakers and Steve used to be classmates.B) Steve invited his classmates to visit his big cottage.C) Steve became rich soon after graduation from college.D) The woman asked the man to accompany her to the party.4. A) In a bus. B) In a boat.C) In a clinic. D) In a plane.5. A) 9:10. B) 9:40.C) 9:50. D) 10:10.6. A) John has got many admirers. B) She does not like John at all.C) John has just got a bachelor’s degree. D) She does not think John is handsome.7. A) He has been bumping along for hours. B) He is trapped in a terrible traffic jam.C) He is involved in a serious accident. D) He has got a sharp pain in the neck.8. A) She cannot go without a washing machine. B) She should improve her physical fitness.C) She is a professional mechanic. D) She is good at repairing things.9. A) The accused was found guilty of murder. B) The accused was found innocent.C) The accused was found guilty of stealing. D) The accused was sentenced to death.10. A) He was unemployed. B) He was out of his mind.C) His children were sick. D) His wife deserted him.11. A) He had committed the same sort of crime. B) He was unlikely to get employed.C) He was unworthy of sympathy. D) He had been in jail before.12. A) Irresponsible. B) Aggressive.C) Conservative. D) Unsatisfactory.13. A) Public relations. B) Product design.C) Internal communication. D) Distribution of brochures.14. A) Placing advertisements in the trade press.B) Drawing sketches for advertisements.C) Making television commercials.D) Advertising in the national press.15. A) She has the motivation to do the job.B) She knows the tricks of advertising.C) She is not suitable for the position.D) She is not so easy to get along with.Section BPassage One16. A) The cozy communal life. B) The beautiful environment.C) The variety of culture. D) The richness of resources.17. A) It ensures their physical and mental health. B) It helps them soak up the surrounding culture.C) It is as important as their learning experience. D) It is very beneficial to their academic progress.18. A) It has the world’s best-known military academies.B) It offers the most challenging academic programs.C) It draws faculty from all around the world.D) It provides numerous options for students.19. A) They are responsible merely to their Ministry of Education.B) They try to give students opportunities for experimentation.C) They strive to develop every student’s academic potential.D) They ensure that all students get roughly equal attention.Passage Two20. A) It is leaving Folkestone in about five minutes.B) It is now about half way to the French coast.C) It crosses the English Channel twice a day.D) It will arrive at Boulogne at half past two.21. A) Next to the duty-free shop. B) Opposite the ship’s office.C) In the front of A deck. D) At the rear of B deck.22. A) It is much more spacious than the lounge on C deck.B) It is for the sole use of passengers travelling with cars.C) It is for the use of passengers travelling with children.D) It is for senior passengers and people with VIP cards.Passage Three23. A) It was named after one of its painters. B) It was named after a cave art expert.C) It was named after its discoverer. D) It was named after its location.24. A) Deer were worshiped by the ancient Cro-Magnon people.B) Animal painting was part of the spiritual life of the time.C) Cro-Magnon people painted animals they hunted and ate.D) They were believed to keep evils away from cave dwellers.25. A) They have misinterpreted the meaning of the cave paintings.B) They are unable to draw such interesting and fine paintings.C) They have difficulty telling when the paintings were done.D) They know little about why the paintings were created.Section CIf you are attending a local college, especially one without residence halls, you’ll probably live at home and commute to classes. This arrangement has a lot of (26)__________ . It’s cheaper. It provides a comfortable and familiar setting, and it means you'll get the kind of home cooking you're used to instead of the monotony（单调）that (27)________ even the best institutional food.However, commuting students need to (28)_____________ to become involved in the life of their college and to take special steps to meet their fellow students. Often, this means a certain amount of initiative on your part in (29)________ and talking to people in your classes whom you think you might like.One problem that commuting students sometimes face is their parents' unwillingness to recognize that they're adults. The (30)____________ from high school to college is a big one, and if you live at home you need to develop the same kind of independence you’d have if you were living away. Home rules that might have been (31)________ when you were in high school don’t apply. If your parents are (32)________________ to renegotiate, you can speed the process along by letting your behavior show that you have the responsibility that goes with maturity. Parents are more willing to (33)__________ their children as adults when they behave like adults. If, however, there’s so much friction at home that it (34)_________ your academic work, you might want to consider sharing an apartment with one or more friends. Sometimes this is a happy solution when family (35)____________ make everyone miserable.Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section AChildren are natural-born scientists. They have 36 minds, and they aren’t afraid to admit they don’t know something. Most of them, 37, lose this as they get older. They become self-conscious and don’t want to appear stupid. Instead of finding things out for themselves they make 38 that often turn out to be wrong.So it’s not a case of getting kids interested in science. You just have to avoid killing the 39 for learning that they were born with. It’s no coincidence that kids start deserting science once it becomes formalised. Children naturally have a blurredapproach to 40 knowledge. They see learning about science or biology or cooking as all part of the same act—it’s all learning. It’s only because of the practicalities of education that you have to start breaking down the curriculum into specialist subjects. You need to have specialist teachers who 41 what they know. Thus once they enter school, children begin to define subjects and erect boundaries that needn’t otherwise exist.Dividing subjects into science, maths, English, etc. is something we do for 42. In the end it’s all learning, but many children today 43 themselves from a scientific education. They think science is for scientists, not for them.Of course we need to specialise 44. Each of us has only so much time on Earth, so we can’t study everything. At 5 years old, our field of knowledge and 45 is broad, covering anything from learning to walk to learning to count. Gradually it narrows down so that by the time we are 45, it might be one tiny little comer within science.A) accidentallyB) acquiringC) assumptionsD) convenienceE) eventuallyF) excludeG) exertionH) explorationI) formulasJ) igniteK) impartL) inquiringM) passionN) provokingO) unfortunately参考答案：LOCMJ KDFEHSection BMeaning Is Healthier Than Happiness[A] For at least the last decade, the happiness craze has been building. In the last three months alone, over 1,000 books on happiness were released on Amazon, including Happy Money, Happy-People-Pills For All, and, for those just starting out, Happiness for Beginners.[B] One of the consistent claims of books like these is that happiness is associated with all sorts of good life outcomes, including—most promisingly—good health. Many studies have noted the connection between a happy mind and a healthy body—the happier we are, the better health outcomes we seem to have. In an overview of 150 studies on this topic, researchers put it like this: “Inductions of well-being lead to healthy functioning, and inductions of ill-being lead to compromised health.”[C] But a new study, just published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) challenges the rosy picture. Happiness may not be as good for the body as researchers thought. It might even be bad.[D] Of course, it’s important to first define happiness. A few months ago, I wrote a piece called “There’s More to Life Than Being Happy” about a psychology study that dug into what happiness really means to people. It specifically explored the difference between a meaningful life and a happy life.[E] It seems strange that there would be a difference at all. But the researchers, who looked at a large sample of people over a month-long period, found that happiness is associated with selfish “taking” behavior and that having a sense of meaning in life is associated with selfless “giving” behavior.[F] “Happiness without meaning characterizes a relatively shallow, self-absorbed or even selfish life, in which things go well, needs and desires are easily satisfied, and complicatedrelationships are avoided,” the authors of the study wrote. “If anything, pure happiness is linked to not helping others in need.”While being happy is about feeling good, meaning is derived from contributing to others or to society in a bigger way. As Roy Baumeister, one of the researchers, told me, “Partly what we do as human beings is to take care of others and contribute to others. This makes life meaningful but it does not necessarily make us happy.”[G] The new PNAS study also sheds light on the difference between meaning and happiness, but on the biological level. Barbara Fredrickson, a psychological researcher at the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, and Steve Cole, a genetics and psychiatry（精神病学）researcher at UCLA, examined the self-reported levels of happiness and meaning in 80 research subjects.[H] Happiness was defined, as in the earlier study, by feeling good. The researchers measured happiness by asking subjects questions like “How often did you feel happy?’’, “How often did you feel interested in life?” and “How often did you feel satisfied?” The more strongly people endorsed these measures of “hedonic（享乐主义的）well-being,” or pleasure, the higher they scored on happiness.[I]Meaning was defined as an orientation to something bigger than the self. They measured meaning by asking questions like “How often did you feel that your life has a sense of direction or meaning to it?” and “How often did you feel that you had something to contribute to society?”The more people endorsed these measures of “eudaimonic（幸福论的）well-being”—or, simply put, virtue—the more meaning they felt in life.[J] After noting the sense of meaning and happiness that each subject had, Fredrickson and Cole, with their research colleagues, looked at the ways certain genes expressed themselves in each of the participants. Like neuroscientists who use JMRI（功能磁共振成像）scanning to determine how regions in the brain respond to different stimuli, Cole and Fredrickson are interested in how the body, at the genetic level, responds to feelings of happiness and meaning.[K] Cole’s past work has linked various kinds of chronic adversity to a particular gene expression pattern. When people feel lonely, are grieving the loss of a loved one, or are struggling to make ends meet, their bodies go into threat mode. This triggers the activation of astress-related gene pattern that has two features: an increase in the activity of pro-inflammatory （促炎症的）genes and a decrease in the activity of genes involved in anti-viral responses.[L] Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little or no sense of meaning in their lives have the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and enduring chronic adversity. That is, the bodies of these happy people are preparing them for bacterial threats by activating the pro- inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation is, of course, associated with major illnesses like heart disease and various cancers.[M] “Empty positive emotions”—like the kind people experience during manic（狂喜的）episodes or artificially induced euphoria（欣快）from alcohol and drugs—“are about as good for you as adversity,” says Fredrickson.[N] It’s important to understand that for many people, a sense of meaning and happiness in life overlap; many people score jointly high (or jointly low) on the happiness and meaning measures in the study. But for many others, there is a dissonance（不⼀致）they feel that they are low on happiness and high on meaning or that their lives are very high in happiness, but low in meaning. This last group, which has the gene expression pattern associated with adversity, formed 75 percent of study participants. Only one quarter of the study participants had what the researchers call “eudaimonic predominance”—that is, their sense of meaning outpaced their feelings of happiness.[O] This is too bad given the more beneficial gene expression pattern associated with meaningfulness. People whose levels of happiness and meaning line up, and people who have a strong sense of meaning but are not necessarily happy, showed a de-activation of the adversity stress response. Their bodies were not preparing them for the bacterial infections that we get when we are alone or in trouble, but for the viral infections we get when surrounded by a lot of other people.[P] Fredrickson’s past research, described in her two books, Positivity and Love 2.0, has mapped the benefits of positive emotions in individuals. She has found that positive emotions broaden a person’s perspective and help protect people against adversity. So it was surprising to her that hedonic well-being, which is associated with positive emotions and pleasure, did so badly in this study compared with eudaimonic well-being.[Q] “It’s not the amount of hedonic happiness that’s a problem,” Fredrickson tells me, “It’s that it’s not matched by eudaimonic well-being. It’s great when both are in step. But if you have more hedonic well-being than would be expected, that’s when this [gene] pattern that’s similar to adversity emerged.”[R] The terms hedonism and eudaimonism bring to mind the great philosophical debate, which has shaped Westerncivilization for over 2,000 years, about the nature of the good life. Does happiness lie in feeling good, as hedonists think, or in doing and being good, as Aristotle and his intellectual descendants, the virtue ethicists（伦理学家）, think? From the evidence of this study, it seems that feeling good is not enough. People need meaning to thrive. In the words of Carl Jung,“The least of things with a meaning is worth more in life than the greatest of things without it.” Jung’s wisdom certainly seems to apply to our bodies, if not also to our hearts and our minds.46. The author’s recent article examined how a meaningful life is different from a happy life.47. It should be noted that many people feel their life is both happy and meaningful.48. According to one survey, there is a close relationship between hedonic well-being measures and high scores on happiness.49. According to one of the authors of a new study, what makes life meaningful may not make people happy.50. Experiments were carried out to determine our body’s genetic expression of feelings of happiness and meaning.51. A new study claims happiness may not contribute to health.52. According to the researchers, taking makes for happiness while giving adds meaning to life.53. Evidence from research shows that it takes meaning for people to thrive.54. With regard to gene expression patterns, happy people with little or no sense of meaning in life are found to be similar to those suffering from chronic adversity.55. Most books on happiness today assert that happiness is beneficial to health.参考答案：DNHKJ CERLBSection CPassage OneNothing succeeds in business books like the study of success. The current business-book boom was launched in 1982 by Tom Peters and Robert Waterman with In Search of Excellence. The trendhas continued with a succession of experts and would-be experts who promise to distil the essence of excellence into three (or five or seven) simple rules.The Three Rules is a self-conscious contribution to this type of writing; it even includes a bibliography of “success studies”. Michael Raynor and Mumtaz Ahmed work for a consultancy, Deloitte, that is determined to turn itself into more of a thought-leader and less a corporate repairman. They employ all the tricks of the success books. They insist that their conclusions are “measurable and actionable”—guides to behaviour rather than analysis for its own sake. Success authors usually serve up vivid stories about how exceptional businesspeople stamped their personalities on a company or rescued it from a life-threatening crisis. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed are happier chewing the numbers: they provide detailed appendices on “calculating the elements of advantage” and “detailed analysis”.The authors spent five years studying the behaviour of their 344 “exceptional companies,”only to come up at first with nothing. Every hunch（直觉）led to a blind alley and every hypothesis to a dead end. It was only when they shifted their attention from how companies behave to how they think that they began to make sense of their voluminous material.Management is all about making difficult tradeoffs in conditions that are always uncertain and often fast- changing. But exceptional companies approach these tradeoffs with two simple rules in mind, sometimes consciously, sometimes unconsciously. First: better before cheaper. Companies are more likely to succeed in the long run if they compete on quality or performance than on price. Second: revenue before cost. Companies have more to gain in the long run from driving up revenue than by driving down costs.Most success studies suffer from two faults. There is “the halo（光环）effect”, whereby good performance leads commentators to attribute all manner of virtues to anything and everything the company does. These virtues then suddenly become vices when the company fails. Messrs Raynor and Ahmed work hard to avoid these mistakes by studying large bodies of data over several decades. But they end up embracing a different error: stating the obvious. Most businesspeople will not be surprised to learn that it is better to find a profitable niche（隙缝市场）and focus on boosting your revenues than to compete on price and cut your way to success. The difficult question is how to find that profitable niche and protect it. There, The Three Rules is less useful.56. What kind of business books are most likely to sell well?A) Books on excellence. B) Guides to management.C) Books on business rules. D) Analyses of market trends.57. What does the author imply about books on success so far?A) They help businessmen one way or another. B) They are written by well-recognised experts.C) They more or less fall into the same stereotype. D) They are based on analyses of corporate leaders.58. How does The Three Rules differ from other success books according to the passage?A) It focuses on the behaviour of exceptional businessmen.B) It bases its detailed analysis on large amounts of data.C) It offers practicable advice to businessmen.D) It draws conclusions from vivid examples.59. What does the passage say contributes to the success of exceptional companies?A) Focus on quality and revenue. B) Management and sales promotion.C) Lower production costs and competitive prices. D) Emphasis on after-sale service and maintenance.60. What is the author’s comment on The Three Rules?A) It can help to locate profitable niches. B) It has little to offer to businesspeople.C) It is noted for its detailed data analysis. D) It fails to identify the keys to success.Passage TwoUntil recently, the University of Kent prided itself on its friendly image. Not any more. Over the past few months it has been working hard, with the help of media consultants, to play down its cosy reputation in favour of something more academic and serious.Kent is not alone in considering an image revamp（翻新）. Changes to next year’s funding regime are forcing universities to justify charging students up to ￡9,000 in fees.Nowadays universities are putting much more of a focus on their brands and what their value propositions are. While in the past universities have often focused on student social life and attractions of the university town in recruitment campaigns, they are now concentrating on more tangible（实在的）attractions, such as employment prospects, engagement with industry, and lecturer contact hours, making clear exactly what students are going to get for their money.The problem for universities is that if those benefits fail to materialise, students notice. That worries Rob Behrens, who deals with student complaints. “Universities need to be extremely careful in describing what’s going to happen to students，” he says. “As competition is going to get greater for attracting gifted students, there is a danger that universities will go the extra mile.”One university told prospective engineering students they would be able to design a car and race it at Brands Hatch, which never happened, he says. Others have promised use of sophisticated equipment that turned out to be broken or unavailable.“If universities spent as much money on handling complaints and appeals appropriately as they spend on marketing, they would do better at keeping students, and in the National Student Survey returns,” he says.Ongoing research tracking prospective 2012 students suggests that they are not only becoming more sophisticated in thinking about what they want from a university, but are also spending more time researching evidence to back up institutional claims.Hence the growing importance of the student survey. From next September, all institutions will also be expected to publish on their websites key information sets, allowing easier comparison between institutions, between promises and reality, and the types of jobs and salaries graduates go on to.As a result, it is hardly surprising that universities are beginning to change the way they market themselves. While the best form of marketing for institutions is to be good at what they do, they also need to be clear about how they are different from others.And it is vital that once an institution claims to be particularly good at something, it must live up to it. The moment you positionyourself, you become exposed, and if you fail in that you are in trouble.61. What was the University of Kent famous for?A) Its comfortable campus life. B) Its up-to-date course offerings.C) Its distinguished teaching staff. D) Its diverse academic programmes.62. What are universities trying to do to attract students?A) Improve their learning environment. B) Offer more scholarships to the gifted.C) Upgrade their campus facilities. D) Present a better academic image.63. What does Rob Behrens suggest universities do in marketing themselves?A) Publicise the achievements of their graduates.B) Go to extra lengths to cater to students’ needs.C) Refrain from making promises they cannot honour.D) Survey the expectations of their prospective students.64. What is students’ chief consideration in choosing a university?A) Whether it promises the best job prospects.B) Whether it is able to deliver what they want.C) Whether it ranks high among similar institutions.D) Whether it offers opportunities for practical training.65. What must universities show to win recruitment campaigns?A) They are positioned to meet the future needs of society.B) They are responsible to students for their growth.C) They are ever ready to improve themselves.D) They are unique one way or another.参考答案：ACBAB AACBDTranslation (30 minutes)⾃从1978年启动改⾰以来，中国已从计划经济转为以市场为基础的经济，经历了经济和社会的快速发展。

2015年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第2套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay based on the picture below. You should focus on the difficulty in acquiring useful information in spite of advanced information technology. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words．_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension(30 minutes)听力音频地址：/attached/media/20160426/20160426163646_2894.mp3Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C.and D., and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.1. A.She is impatient to learn computer programming.B.She is unaware her operation system is outdated.C.She is unable to use the new computer program.D. She is amazed at the fast change of technology.2.A.He has long been fed up with traveling.B.He prefers to stay home for the holiday.C.He is going out of town for a couple of days.D. He is annoyed by the heavy traffic downtown.3.A.The challenges facing East Asia.B.The location for their new office.C.Their expansion into the overseas marketD. The living expenses in Tokyo and Singapore.4. A.A number of cell phones were found after the last show.B.The woman forgot where she had left her cell phone.C.The woman was very pleased to find her cell phone.D. Reserved tickets could be picked up at the ticket counter.5.A.The building materials will be delivered soon.B.The project is being held up by bad weather.C.The construction schedule may not be met.D. Qualified carpenters are not easy to find.6.A.She is getting very forgetful these days.B.She does not hold on to bitter feelings.C.She resents the way she is treated.D. She never intends to hurt anyone.7.A.The man wants to rent a small apartment.B.The woman has trouble getting a mortgage.C.The woman is moving to a foreign country.D.The man is trying to sell the woman a house.8. A.They are writing a story for the Morning News.B.They are facing great challenges to get re-elected.C.They are launching a campaign to attract women voters.D.They are conducting a survey among the women in town. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A.Touch his heart.B.Make him cry.C.Remind him of his life.D.Make him feel young.10. A.He is good at singing operas.B.He enjoys complicated music:C.He can sing any song if he likes it.D.He loves country music in particular.11.A.Go to a bar and drink for hours.B.Go to an isolated place to sing blues.C.Go to see a performance in a concert hall.D.Go to work and wrap himself up in music.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.How he became an announcer.B.How he writes news stories.C.How he makes his living.D.How he does his job.13.A.They write the first version of news stories.B.They gather news stories on the spot.C.They polish incoming news stories.D.They write comments on major news stories.14. A.Reading through the news stories in a given period of time.B.Having little time to read the news before going on the air.C.Having to change the tone of his voice from time to time.D.Getting all the words and phrases pronounced correctly.15.A.It shows where advertisements come in.B.It gives a signal for him to slow down.C.It alerts him to something important.D.It serves as a reminder of sad news.Section BDirections : In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C).and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A.It gives pleasure to both adults and children.B.It is often carried around by small children.C.It can be found in many parts of the world.D.It was invented by an American Indian.17. A.They were made for earning a living.B.They were delicate geometric figures.C.They were small circus figures made of wire.D.They were collected by a number of museums.18.A.In art.B.In geometry.C.In engineering.D.In circus performance.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A.They offer students a wide variety of courses.B.They attract students from all over the world.C.They admit more students than they can handle.D.They have trouble dealing with overseas students.20. A.Everyone will benefit from education sooner or later.B.A good education contributes to the prosperity of a nation.C.A good education is necessary for one to climb the social ladder.D.Everyone has a right to an education appropriate to his potential.21. A.He likes students with high motivation.B.He enjoys teaching intelligent students.C.He tailors his teaching to students' needs.D.He treats all his students in a fair manner.Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A.It is mostly imported from the Middle East.B.It is a sure indicator of its economic activity.C.It has a direct impact on the international oil market.D.It equals more than 30 million barrels of oil each day.23. A.It eventually turns into heat.B.It is used in a variety of forms.C.Its use is chiefly responsible for air pollution.D.Part of it is lost in the process of transmission.24.A.When it is used in rural areas.B.When it is environment-friendly.C.When it operates at near capacity.D.When it operates at regular times.25.A.Traffic jams in cities.B.Inefficient use of energy.C.Fuel shortage.D.Global warming.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Graphics are used in textbooks as part of the language of the discipline, as in math or economics, or as study aids. Authors use graphic aids to 26 and expand on concepts taken up in the text because graphics are yet another way of portraying relationships and 27 connections.Graphics are used extensively in natural sciences and social sciences. Social scientists work with statistics 28 data, and the best way to present these statistics is often in graphic form. Graphics are included- not merely as a means of making the information easier for the student to grasp, but as an integral part of the way social scientists think. Many textbooks, 29 those in economics, contain appendixes that provide specific information on reading and working with graphic material. Make it a practice to 30 attentively the titles, captions, headings, and other material connected with graphics. These elements 31 and usually explain what you are looking at. When you are examining graphics, the 32 questions to ask are (a.)What is this item about? and (b.)Whatkey idea is the author 33 ?One warning: Unless you integrate your reading of graphics with the text, you may make a wrong assumption. 34 , from a chart indicating that 33 percent of firstborn children in a research sample did not feel close to their fathers, you might assume that some dreadful influence was at work on the firstborn children. However, a careful reading of the text 35 that most of the firstborn children in the sample were from single-parent homes in which the father was absent.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health, many everyday products, including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids, could lead to an increased risk of brain andbehavioral disorders in children. The developing brain, the report says, is particularly 36 to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain, and the damage they cause can be 37 .The official policy, however, is still evolving. Health and environmental 38 have long urged U.S. government agencies to 39 the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects. In 2001, for example, the Environmental Protection Agency 40 the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 41, after concerns were raised about lead poisoning. The agency is now 42 the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high. Because children's brain and behavioral disorders, like hyperactivity and lower grades, can also be linked to social and genetic factors, it's tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 43 evidence, which is what the EPA requires. Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 44 but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.Nonetheless, it's smart to 45 caution. While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals, keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can't hurt.A.advocatespactC.correlationD.exerciseE. facilitiesF. interactionG. investigatingH. overwhelmedI. particlesJ. permanentK. restrictedL. simulatingM. statisticalN. tightenO. vulnerableSection BDirections : In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. The Impossibility of Rapid Energy Transitions[ A ] Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions. Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants, politicians love to talk big. Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers), our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier: they are unbelievably expensive, they are built to last for a very long time, they have a huge amount of inertia ( meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving ), and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion. No matter how hard youtry, you can't turn something that large on a dime ( 10美分硬币), or even a few thousand dimes. [ B ] In physics, moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems: inertia and momentum. Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion. If you try to push a boulder ( 大圆石), it pushes you back. Once you have started the boulder rolling, it develops momentum, which is defined by its mass and velocity.Momentum is said to be "conserved," that is, once you build it up, it has to go somewhere. So a heavy object, like a football player moving at a high speed, has a lot of momentum-that is, once he is moving, it is hard to change his state of motion. If you want to change his course, you have only a few choices: you can stop him, transferring ( possibly painfully) some of his kinetic energy (动能) to your own body, or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.[ C ] But there are other kinds of momentum as well. After all, we don't speak only of objects or people as having momentum; we speak of entire systems having momentum. Whether it's a sports team or a presidential campaign, everybody relishes having the big momentum, because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.[ D ] One kind of momentum is technological momentum. When a technology is deployed, its impacts reach far beyond itself. Consider the incandescent (白炽灯的) bulb, an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates. The incandescent light bulb, invented by Thomas Edison, which came to be the symbol of inspiration, has been developed into hundreds, if not thousands, of forms. Today, a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices. There are standard-shaped bulbs, flame-shaped bulbs, colored globe-shaped bulbs, and more. It is quite easy, with all that choice, to change a light bulb.[ E ] But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there. All of those specialized bulbs ledto the building of specialized light fixtures, from the desk lamp you study by, to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother, to the ceiling fixture in your closet, to the light in your oven or refrigerator, and to the light that the dentist points at you. It is easy to change a light bulb, sure, but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.[ F ] And there is more to the story, because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics, but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.[ G ] As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out, “Generally, there are no bad light sources, only bad applications. " There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL [ compact fluorescent (荧光的) light bulb ], yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire (照明装置) that houses it, along with the space in which both are installed, and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied. The lamp, the fixture, and the room, all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users. If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space, or an object within that space, the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp, and that fixture with the room. It is a symbiotic (共生的) relationship. A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out, foggy, and dim. The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is never an inexpensive proposition.[ H ] And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting, being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.[ I ]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum. It is one thing to say that we are going to shift 30 percent of our electricity supply from, say, coal to nuclear power in 20 years. But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise. That is because the engineers,designers, regulators, operators, and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first ( or retrained, if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry), and education, like any other complicated endeavor, takes time.And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence. One needs the designers, and perhaps the regulators, before the builders and operators, and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation. In some cases, colleges and universities might have to change their training programs,adding another layer of difficulty.[ J ] By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum. The major components of our energy systems, such as fuel production, refining, electrical generation and distribution, are costly installations that have lengthy life spans. They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered. When investors put up money to build, say, a nuclear power plant, they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant, which is typically between 40and 60 years. Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than 70 years!The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York's Hudson River, and it went into commercial service in 1898.[ K ] As Vaclav Smil points out, "All the forecasts, plans, and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions, and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner. "[ L ] When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy, whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power, or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars, or even a switch.from an incandescent to a fluorescent light, understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.46. Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.47. Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.48. Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.49. Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed as expected.50. To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.51. Energy systems, like an aircraft carrier set in motion, have huge momentum.52. The problem with lighting, if it arises, often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.53. The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.54. The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.55. Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C),and D ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.One hundred years ago, "Colored" was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent. Twenty years later, it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro. " By the late 1960s,that term was overtaken by "Black. " And then, at a press conference in Chicago in 1988, Jesse Jackson declared that "African American" was the term to embrace. This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups, such as "Italian Americans" and "Irish Americans," that had already beenfreed of widespread discrimination.A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise. A 2001 study cataloged all the ways in which the term "Black" carried connotations (涵义) that were more negative than those of "African American. "But if it was known that "Black" people were viewed differently from "African Americans,"researchers, until now, hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from.A recent study, conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall, found that "Black" people are viewed more negatively.than "African Americans" because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status. As a result,"Black" people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume, it appears, can tap into recruiters' biases. A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the "Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers" or the "National Black Employees Association," the names of which apparently have consequences, and are also beyond their members' control.In one of the study's experiments, subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams. To one group, he was identified as "African-American," and another was told he was "Black. " With little else to go on, they were asked to estimate Mr. Williams's salary,professional standing, and educational background.The "African-American" group estimated that he earned about $ 37,000 a year and had a two-year college degree. The "Black" group, on the other hand, put his salary at about $ 29,000, and guessed that he had only "some" college experience. Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level, while only 38.5 percent of the second group thought so.Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress. Perhaps a new phrase is needed, one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original, idealistic hope: "It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts. "56.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term "African American" for people of African descent?57. A.It is free from racial biases.B.It represents social progress.C.It is in the interest of common Americans.D.It follows the standard naming practice.57. What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group ?A.It advances with the times.B.It is based on racial roots.C.It merits intensive study.D.It is politically sensitive.58.What do Erika Hall's findings indicate?A.Racial biases are widespread in the professional world.B.Many applicants don't attend to details on their resumes.C.Job seekers should all be careful- about their affiliations.D.Most recruiters are unable to control their racial biases.59. What does Erika Hall find in her experiment about a man with the last name Williams?A.African Americans fare better than many other ethnic groups.B.Black people's socioeconomic status in America remains low.C.People's conception of a person has much to do with the way he or she is labeled.D.One's professional standing and income are related to their educational background.60. What is Dr. Du Bois's ideal?A.All Americans enjoy equal rights.B.A person is judged by their worth.C.A new term is created to address African Americans.D.All ethnic groups share the nation's continued progress.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the board, American colleges and universities are not doing a very good job of preparing their students for the workplace or their post-graduation lives. This was made clear by the work of two sociologists, Richard Arum and Josipa Roksa.In 2011 they released a landmark study titled"Academically Adrift," which documented the lack of intellectual growth experienced by many people enrolled in college. In particular, Arum and Roksa found, college students were not developing the critical thinking, analytic reasoning and other higher-level skills that are necessary to thrive in today's knowledge-based economy and to lead our nation in a time of complex challenges and dynamic change.Arum and Roksa placed the blame for students' lack of learning on a watered-down college curriculum and lowered undergraduate work standards. Although going to college is supposed to be a Full-time job, students spent, on average, only 12 to 14 hours a week studying and many were skating through their semesters without doing a significant amount of reading and writing. Students who take more challenging classes and spend more time studying do learn more. But the priorities of many undergraduates are with extracurricular activities, playing sports, and partying and socializing.Laura Hamilton, the author of a study on parents who pay for college, will argue in a forthcoming book that college administrations are overly concerned with the social and athletic activities of their students. In Paying for the Party, Hamilton describes what she calls the “arty pathway," which eases many students through college, helped-along by various clubs that sendstudents into the party scene and a host of easier majors.By sanctioning this watered-down version of college, universities are"catering to the social and educational needs of wealthy students at the expense of others" who won't enjoy the financial backing or social connections of richer students once they graduate.These students need to build skills and knowledge during college if they are to use their degrees as a stepping-stone to middle-class mobility. But more privileged students must not waste this opportunity either. As recent graduates can testify, the job market isn't kind to candidates who can't demonstrate genuine competence, along with a well-cultivated willingness to work hard. Nor is the global economy forgiving of an American workforce with increasingly weak literacy, math and science abilities. College graduates will still fare better than those with only a high school education, of course. But a university degree unaccompanied by a gain in knowledge or skills is an empty achievement indeed. For students who have been coasting through college, and for American universities that have been demanding less work, offering more attractions and charging higher tuition, the party may soon be over.61. What is Arum and Roksa's finding about higher education in America?A.It aims at stimulating the intellectual curiosity of college students.B.It fails to prepare students to face the challenges of modern times.C.It has experienced dramatic changes in recent years.D.It has tried hard to satisfy students' various needs.62. What is responsible for the students' lack of higher-level skills?A.The diluted college curriculum.B.The boring classroom activities.C.The absence of rigorous discipline.D.The outdated educational approach.63. What does Laura Hamilton say about college administrations?A.They fail to give adequate help to the needy students.B.They tend to offer too many less challenging courses.C.They seem to be out of touch with society.D.They prioritize non-academic activities.64. What can be learned about the socially and financially privileged students?A.They tend to have a sense of superiority over their peers.B.They can afford to choose easier majors in order to enjoy themselves.C.They spend a lot of time building strong connections with businesses.D.They can climb the social ladder even without a degree.65. What does the author suggest in the last paragraph?A.American higher education has lost its global competitiveness.B.People should not expect too much from American higher education.C. The current situation in American higher education may not last long.D.It will take a long time to change the current trend in higher education.Part IVTranslation(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you .are allowed 30,minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.最近，中国政府决定将其工业升级。

6月大学英语六级考试真题第二套（2）2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Travel websites have been around since the 1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowing travelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click of a mouse. With information no longer 36____ by travel agents or hidden in business networks, the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped 37____ prices.Today, the industry is going through a new revolution—this time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms—38____ in hotels, restaurants, apartments, and taxis—allow travelers to exchange reviews and experiences for all to see.Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed, and compared not by industry 39____, but by the very people for whom the service is intended—the customer. This has 40____ a new relationship between buyer and seller. Customers have always voted with their feet; they can now explain their decision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more 41____, often in very specific ways, which creates powerful 42____ to improve service.Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendly bellboys(行李员)in Berlin or malf-unctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston, the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories, but in the websites' 43____ to aggregate a large volume of ratings.The impact cannot be 44____. Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attractedby good reviews and 45____ provide yet more positive feedback. So great is the influence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure a favorable online identity.注意：此部分此题请在答题卡2上作答。