流感用英语怎么说

流感症状首先咱们来区分两个概念，感冒和流感。

一般的感冒，在英文中被称为cold（作名词），在人抵抗力下降的情况下，由各种病原体引起，相对症状较轻，三到五天即可痊愈。

如果你患了感冒，可以说：I have a cold.I catch a cold.流感，英文单词是flu，其实这是一个简称，全称为influenza，词典中的定义是：an infectious disease like a very bad cold, that causes fever, pains and weakness（一种传染性的疾病，症状像非常严重的感冒，通常会引起发热、酸痛和乏力）。

流感的罪魁祸首是“流感病毒”—influenza virus，即便你是一个抵抗力很强的壮汉，也扛不住病毒的袭击。

而且，流感的传播性是很强的（infectious），通过空气就能传播（air-borne），所以一般流感的爆发都是成片成片，很有可能波及一整个国家，甚至跨越国境线影响世界。

哦，流感不会隔着屏幕传染，请放心大胆阅读和转发。

类似流感这样的流行性疾病，在英文中可用这两个词表示：pandemic和epidemic（前者流行的范围比后者还大）。

历史上最严重的一次流感发生在1918年，发源地是西班牙，史称“西班牙大流感”（1918 flu pandemic）。

那个时候，医疗技术不发达，全球患病人数在5亿以上，发病率约25%，也就是每四个人有一个得了流感，全球因为流感而死亡的人数高达五千万，堪比一场世界大战。

随着医疗技术的进步，以及像世界卫生组织（World Health Organization，WHO）的出现，有效地控制了流感在世界范围内的传播。

但是道高一尺、魔高一丈，流感也在不断变化发展。

比如2013年爆发的禽流感（bird flu），病毒从禽类转移到人身上，杀伤力强了数十倍。

对付流感其实最好的方法不是多休息和喝白开水，而是流感疫苗（flu shot）。

the day before their symptoms begin
through 7 days after the onset of illness 患者出现症状前 1 日至 7 天后这段时间具 有传染性
22.pregnancy 孕期
23.the degree of preexisting immunity 是否存在对此的免疫力
快速起病的发热
39.myalgia 肌痛
40.headache 头痛
41.malaise 莫名不适
42.nonproductive cough 干咳
43.sore throat 嗓子痛
44.rhinitis 鼻炎
45.Nausea 恶心
46. vomiting 呕吐
47.otitis media 中耳炎
60. decrease the morbidity and mortality 降低病死率和死亡率
72. trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) 三价流感疫苗
61. prevent infection through vaccination 通过接种疫苗预防感染
62. infection control measures 感染控制手段
8. an infected person coughs or sneezes 感染者咳嗽或者打喷嚏
20.smoking 吸烟
9. The incubation period for influenza 流感的潜伏期
orbidities 合并症
10. Adults are considered infectious from
13. severely immunocompromised people 严重免疫缺陷人群

病毒英语知识点病毒（Virus）是生物界的一种微小生物，无法自主繁殖，需要寄生宿主细胞才能进行生命周期。

病毒不属于真正的生物，因为它们没有细胞结构，不能进行新陈代谢。

然而，病毒对人类和其他生物的健康产生了重大影响。

在研究病毒时，了解病毒相关的英语知识点非常重要。

本文将介绍一些关于病毒的英语常用词汇和表达方式。

1.病毒分类（Virus Classification）病毒可以根据它们的遗传物质、感染宿主的类型以及病毒颗粒的形状等特征进行分类。

常见的病毒分类包括DNA病毒（DNA viruses）和RNA病毒（RNA viruses）。

DNA病毒包括乙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus）和单纯疱疹病毒（Herpes simplex virus）。

RNA病毒包括流感病毒（Influenza virus）和艾滋病病毒（HIV）。

2.病毒感染（Viral Infection）病毒感染是指病毒进入宿主细胞并进行复制的过程。

病毒通过侵入宿主细胞，将自身的遗传物质注入细胞内，利用宿主细胞的机制复制自身。

这个过程通常会导致宿主细胞的破坏，并引发疾病。

常见的病毒感染包括流感（Influenza）和普通感冒（Common cold）。

3.病毒传播（Viral Transmission）病毒可以通过多种途径进行传播，并感染其他宿主。

常见的病毒传播方式包括飞沫传播（Droplettransmission）、接触传播（Contact transmission）和空气传播（Airbornetransmission）。

飞沫传播是指病毒通过空气中的飞沫颗粒传播，如咳嗽和打喷嚏；接触传播是指病毒通过直接接触感染者的体液、皮肤或物体传播；空气传播是指病毒通过悬浮在空气中的微小颗粒传播。

4.免疫系统（Immune System）免疫系统是人体抵抗病毒和其他病原体的重要防御机制。

当病毒侵入人体后，免疫系统会通过产生抗体和激活免疫细胞等方式来对抗病毒。

甲型流感病毒变异
亚型变异： 大变异 大变异， 不变或小 亚型变异：H大变异，N不变或小 变异约 10年发生一 年发生一 次，可致大流行。 可致大流行。 变种变异： 、 均小变异 均小变异， 变种变异：H、N均小变异，经常 发生，导致小流行。 发生，导致小流行。
丙型流感病毒相对稳定， 丙型流感病毒相对稳定，未发现变异 乙型流感病毒只有变种变异
鉴别诊断 普通感冒
Differential Diagnosis
多种急性传染病的早期表现
治 疗
一般治疗 对症治疗 抗病毒治疗
Treatment
无特效治疗， 无特效治疗，以对症和支持治疗为主
卧床休息、给与高热量， 卧床休息、给与高热量，高维生素易消化的流 食或半流食， 食或半流食，密切观察病情变化 退热：物理降温为主，药物降温为辅。儿 退热：物理降温为主，药物降温为辅。 童避免用阿司匹林， 童避免用阿司匹林，易诱发雷耶综合征 金刚烷胺（ 金刚烷胺（amantadine) 甲基金刚烷胺(rimantadine 甲基金刚烷胺(rimantadine) (rimantadine 奥斯他韦（ 奥斯他韦（oseltamivir） ）
抗原性漂流 变异幅度小，量变， 变异幅度小，量变，造成中小流行 抗原性转变 变异幅度大，甚至形成一个新的亚型， 变异幅度大，甚至形成一个新的亚型， 质变，引起较大流行， 质变，引起较大流行，异：H、N均大变异 ，约 30-40年发生一次，可 年发生一次， 年发生一次 致大流行或暴发流行。 致大流行或暴发流行。
二、轻型流感
轻症者类似普通感冒而易被忽视。 轻症者类似普通感冒而易被忽视。 呼吸道症状并不显著。 呼吸道症状并不显著。
三、肺炎型流感
可由单纯型转为肺炎型， 可由单纯型转为肺炎型，或直接表现为肺炎 型， 系因流感病毒感染自上呼吸道向下呼吸道蔓延引起。 系因流感病毒感染自上呼吸道向下呼吸道蔓延引起。病程 病死率高＞50％ 长达3～4周。病死率高＞50％。 容易发生于有潜在的肺部及心脏疾病患者、孕妇、 容易发生于有潜在的肺部及心脏疾病患者、孕妇、婴 幼儿及老年人、或免疫缺陷者。 幼儿及老年人、或免疫缺陷者。 患者高热持续不退，迅速出现呼吸困难、发绀、剧咳、 患者高热持续不退，迅速出现呼吸困难、发绀、剧咳、 有少量泡沫痰或泡沫黏液痰、或痰中带血。 有少量泡沫痰或泡沫黏液痰、或痰中带血。 胸片见肺部双侧呈散在性絮状阴影，由肺门向四周扩 胸片见肺部双侧呈散在性絮状阴影， 散。

流行性感冒英语作文Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by the influenza virus. It can strike at any time of the year, but it is most prevalent during the winter season. The flu virus is transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes, and it can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching one's mouth, nose, or eyes.The symptoms of the flu usually appear suddenly and can include a high fever, chills, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, fatigue, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea. These symptoms can last for several days to a week and may be severe enough to require medical attention.The flu not only causes discomfort and missed work or school days, but it can also lead to more serious health complications, such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and even death, especially among the elderly, young children, and those with chronic health conditions.Fortunately, there are several ways to prevent the spread of the flu. The most effective way is to get vaccinated against the flu each year. The flu vaccine helps the body build immunity to the virus and can significantly reduce the risk of getting infected. Additionally,practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding touching one's face, can help prevent the spreadof the virus.It is also important to stay home and rest when feeling ill to prevent the spread of the flu to others. Drinking plenty of fluids, getting enough sleep, and eatingnutritious foods can help the body fight the infection.In conclusion, the flu is a serious respiratory illness that can have a significant impact on individuals and communities. By getting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene, and staying home when ill, we can help prevent the spreadof the flu and protect ourselves and our loved ones fromthis potentially deadly virus.**流行性感冒的影响与预防**流行性感冒，通常简称为流感，是一种由流感病毒引起的高度传染性疾病。

英语流感作文开头篇怎么写Influenza, also known as the flu, is a highlycontagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It affects millions of people worldwide every year, leading to severe illness, hospitalizations, and even deaths. In recent years, the flu has become a global concern, and its impact on public health cannot be underestimated. In this essay, we will explore the causes, symptoms, prevention,and treatment of influenza, as well as the importance of raising awareness about this infectious disease.Firstly, it is crucial to understand the causes of influenza. Influenza viruses are primarily spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can land in the mouths or noses of people who are nearby or be inhaled into the lungs. Additionally, touching surfaces or objects contaminatedwith the flu virus and then touching one's face can also lead to infection. The virus can survive on surfaces for several hours, making it easy to transmit from person toperson.The symptoms of the flu can vary from mild to severe and can include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, fatigue, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea. These symptoms can appear suddenly and can be debilitating, causing individuals to miss work, school, and other daily activities. In severe cases, complications such as pneumonia can occur, especially in young children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with certain medical conditions.Prevention is key in reducing the spread of influenza. The most effective way to prevent the flu is by getting vaccinated annually. The flu vaccine is designed to protect against the most common strains of the virus and is recommended for everyone above the age of six months. Additionally, practicing good hand hygiene, such as washing hands frequently with soap and water or using hand sanitizer, can help prevent the spread of the virus. Avoiding close contact with sick individuals and staying home when feeling unwell are also essential in preventingthe transmission of the flu.In the case of influenza infection, early treatment is crucial to reduce the severity and duration of the illness. Antiviral medications, such as oseltamivir and zanamivir, can be prescribed by healthcare professionals to treat the flu. These medications work best when taken within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. Rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers can also help alleviate symptoms and aid in recovery.Raising awareness about influenza is vital in combating the spread of the virus. Educational campaigns should be conducted to inform the public about the importance of vaccination, hand hygiene, and staying home when sick. Schools, workplaces, and healthcare facilities should implement policies that encourage individuals to take preventive measures and seek medical attention when necessary. By increasing awareness and promoting responsible behavior, we can collectively reduce the impact of influenza on our communities.In conclusion, influenza is a significant public health concern that affects millions of people worldwide each year. Understanding the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of the flu is crucial in combating its spread. By practicing good hygiene, getting vaccinated, and raising awareness, we can protect ourselves and others from this highly contagious respiratory illness. Let us work together to prevent the flu and promote a healthier future for all.。

流感的作文英语English:The flu, also known as influenza, is a highly contagious viral infection that affects the respiratory system. It is characterized by symptoms such as high fever, muscle aches, headache, sore throat, coughing, and fatigue. The flu is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes, or by touching contaminated surfaces. It can affect people of all ages, but young children, the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of developing serious complications from the flu. As such, it is important to take preventative measures such as getting an annual flu vaccine, practicing good hygiene by washing hands frequently, covering coughs and sneezes, and staying home when sick to prevent the spread of the virus. Treatment for the flu usually involves rest, staying hydrated, and in some cases, antiviral medications prescribed by a healthcare provider. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms worsen or if there are signs of complications such as difficulty breathing, chest pain, or confusion. By taking proactive steps to prevent and manage the flu, individualscan reduce the risk of illness and protect themselves and others from this common respiratory infection.中文翻译:流感，又称为流行性感冒，是一种高度传染性的病毒感染，会影响呼吸系统。

关于流感的初中英语作文Title: Understanding the FluIn our daily lives, we often hear about the flu, a common illness that can affect people of all ages. The flu, or influenza, is a respiratory disease caused by viruses. It is contagious and can spread easily from person to person.The symptoms of the flu usually include a high fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, and fatigue. Some people may also experience chills, headache, and vomiting. The flu can be mild to severe, and in rare cases, it can lead to death.To prevent the flu, it is important to practice good hygiene. Regularly washing hands with soap and water, covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing, and avoiding close contact with sick people can help reduce the spread of the virus. Additionally, getting vaccinated against the flu can significantly reduce the risk of getting infected.If you or someone you know has the flu, it is important to stay at home and rest. Drinking plenty of fluids, taking over-the-counter medication to relieve symptoms, and seeking medical attention if needed are also crucial. Remember, the flu is a serious illness, and it is essential to take appropriate measures to protect ourselves and others.翻译：理解流感在我们的日常生活中，我们经常听到关于流感的说法，这是一种可以影响所有年龄段的常见疾病。

英语作文预防流感英文版Preventing Influenza。

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can cause mild to severe illness and can lead tohospitalization and even death. Influenza is a serious public health concern, and it is important to take steps to prevent its spread. There are several measures that individuals can take to prevent influenza, includinggetting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene, and staying home when sick.One of the most effective ways to prevent influenza is to get vaccinated. The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone over the age of six months, and it is especially important for those at high risk of complications from the flu, such as young children, pregnant women, and the elderly. The flu vaccine is updated each year to protect against the strains of influenza virus that are expected tobe most common during the flu season. Getting vaccinated not only protects the individual who receives the vaccine but also helps to prevent the spread of influenza in the community.In addition to getting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene is essential for preventing influenza. This includes washing hands frequently with soap and water, especially after coughing or sneezing, and using hand sanitizer if soap and water are not available. It is also important to cover the mouth and nose with a tissue or the elbow when coughing or sneezing, and to avoid touching the face with unwashed hands. These simple measures can help to prevent the spread of influenza and other respiratory illnesses.Another important step in preventing influenza is to stay home when sick. If an individual is experiencing symptoms of the flu, such as fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, and fatigue, it is important to stay home from work, school, and other activities to prevent spreading the illness to others. In addition, it is important to seekmedical care if flu symptoms are severe or if there is concern about complications from the flu.In conclusion, preventing influenza is an important public health priority. Getting vaccinated, practicing good hygiene, and staying home when sick are all important measures for preventing the spread of influenza. By taking these steps, individuals can protect themselves and others from this serious respiratory illness.。

关于流感的英语作文The Influenza Pandemic: A Global Challenge。

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious viral infection that affects the respiratory system. It has been a constant companion of humanity, causing seasonal outbreaks and occasional pandemics. The history of influenza is marked by periods of devastation, with some outbreaks leading to significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. This essay explores the nature of influenza, its historical impact, prevention strategies, and the challenges posed by its pandemics.Nature of Influenza。

Influenza viruses belong to the Orthomyxoviridae family and are categorized into types A, B, and C. Type A viruses are the most virulent and are responsible for most influenza-related illnesses in humans. These viruses have the ability to undergo frequent changes through twoprocesses: antigenic drift and antigenic shift. Antigenic drift refers to small changes in the virus that occur over time, while antigenic shift refers to major changes resulting from the reassortment of viral genetic material.The symptoms of influenza typically include fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, fatigue, and sometimes gastrointestinal issues. While most people recover from the flu without complications, it can lead to severe illness, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with underlying health conditions.Historical Impact。

流感英语作文四级Title: The Impact of Influenza: A Perspective。

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a viral infection that affects millions of people worldwide each year. Its impact extends beyond just physical health, influencing various aspects of society and the economy. In this essay, we will explore the multifaceted effects of influenza and its implications.Firstly, let us consider the public health implications of influenza. The flu virus can spread rapidly, leading to widespread illness and even death, particularly among vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children, and individuals with compromised immune systems. Healthcare systems often become overwhelmed during flu outbreaks, leading to increased hospitalizations and strain on medical resources.In addition to its toll on public health, influenzaalso has significant economic consequences. The costs associated with treating influenza-related illnesses, including hospitalizations, medications, and lost productivity, can be substantial. Moreover, outbreaks of influenza can disrupt business operations and reduce consumer spending, further impacting the economy.Furthermore, influenza outbreaks can have a profound effect on education. School closures are common during flu season to prevent the spread of the virus among students and staff. While necessary for public health, these closures can disrupt learning and create challenges for students, teachers, and parents alike.Moreover, influenza can also impact mental health and well-being. The fear and anxiety surrounding the spread of the virus can take a toll on individuals, leading to increased stress and uncertainty. Social isolation measures implemented during flu outbreaks can further exacerbate feelings of loneliness and depression.To mitigate the impact of influenza, vaccination playsa crucial role. Annual flu vaccines help prevent the spread of the virus and reduce the severity of illness for those who do become infected. However, vaccine hesitancy and misinformation can hinder vaccination efforts, making it challenging to achieve high levels of immunity within the population.In addition to vaccination, public health measures such as hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and social distancing can help prevent the spread of influenza. It is essential for individuals to take these precautions seriously, not only to protect themselves but also to safeguard the health of others in their communities.In conclusion, influenza is a significant public health concern with far-reaching implications. From its impact on physical health and the economy to its effects on education and mental well-being, influenza touches various aspects of society. By prioritizing vaccination and implementing preventive measures, we can work towards reducing the burden of influenza and building healthier, more resilient communities.。

患病的5种表达英语
1.Illness: “Illness”是指生病的一般状态。

该词适用于各种类型的疾病和病症，比如感冒、流感、癌症等等。

2.Sickness: “Sickness”与illness 大致相同，但它通常更强调病症的具体症状，比如头晕眼花、呕吐、腹泻等。

3.Disease: “Disease”指的是一类具有持续性或长期影响的疾病，如糖尿病、关节炎、高血压等。

该词也可指程度较轻的疾病或症状。

4.Ailment: “Ailment”通常指一些较轻微的病症，比如头痛、胃痛、咳嗽等，而且它所指的情况不一定需要医生的治疗。

5.Condition: “Condition”一般指一种身体或精神状态的状况，如健康状况、情绪状态等。

它可以涵盖某些特定的疾病或症状，比如心脏病、抑郁症等。

流感英语作文Influenza English Essay。

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It can affect anyone, regardless of age or health status, and can lead to serious complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and even death. In this essay, we will discuss the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment of influenza.Causes:Influenza viruses are highly contagious and can be spread through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can also be spread by touching a surface contaminated with the virus and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes. There are three types of influenza viruses: A, B, and C. Influenza A viruses are the most common and can cause the most severe illness.Symptoms:The symptoms of influenza can vary from person to person, but generally include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, headache, chills, and fatigue. In some cases, vomiting and diarrhea may also occur, especially in children. Symptoms usually appear 1-4 days after exposure to the virus and can last for several days to a week or more.Prevention:The best way to prevent influenza is to get vaccinated each year. The flu vaccine is recommended for everyone over the age of 6 months, especially those at high risk for complications such as young children, pregnant women, older adults, and people with certain medical conditions. Other ways to prevent influenza include practicing good hygiene, such as washing your hands frequently, covering your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, and avoiding close contact with sick people.Treatment:If you do get influenza, there are several things you can do to feel better and prevent complications. Rest and drink plenty of fluids to help your body fight the virus. Over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve fever and body aches. Antiviral medications may also be prescribed by your doctor to help shorten the duration of the illness and prevent complications.In conclusion, influenza is a serious illness that can affect anyone. It is important to take steps to prevent the spread of the virus and to seek medical attention if you experience symptoms. Remember to get vaccinated each year and practice good hygiene to protect yourself and those around you. Stay healthy and stay safe!。